Ukuqapha ingcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile kuma-vaporizers e-hydrochloric acid ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukuthembeka, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo ze-chloralkali kanye nezasezansi komfula. Ukwanda kwengcindezi okungazelelwe—kusukela ekuphazamisekeni kokugeleza, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukuvinjelwa, noma ukuhwamuka koketshezi olugcwalisiwe—kungabangela izehlakalo zokucindezela ngokweqile, ukukhishwa kwe-acid inkungu, ukugqwala kwemishini (kufaka phakathi ukuhlaselwa kwe-intergranular), kanye nokuhwamuka okungaphelele. Ama-transmitter okucindezela okuqondile ahlinzeka ngokubona okusheshayo kokushintshashintsha, okuvumela ukusebenza okusheshayo kokuvikelwa kokucindezela ngokweqile, ukuvala okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokulawula okunembile ukuze kugcinwe ukulingana okuzinzile komswakama noketshezi. Lokhu kuvimbela ingoziI-HClikhipha umusi, inciphisa ukukhathala kwe-diaphragm kanye nokuwohloka koketshezi olugcwalisiwe, inciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe, inciphisa umonakalo wokugqwala, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kokuhwamuka ngenkathi ivikela abasebenzi kanye nempahla.
Inqubo ye-Chloralkali
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Ukubuka konkeyeNqubo yeChloralkali
Inqubo ye-chloralkali iyitshe lesisekelo lezimboni lokukhiqiza i-chlorine, i-caustic soda (i-sodium hydroxide), kanye negesi ye-hydrogen chloride evela ku-brine. I-Brine, elungiselelwe ngamanzi kanye ne-sodium chloride ehlanziwe, ingena ku-electrolyzer lapho ugesi uyihlukanisa khona. Imiphumela eyinhloko igesi ye-chlorine ku-anode, igesi ye-hydrogen, kanye ne-caustic soda ku-cathode, kanti igesi ye-hydrogen chloride ivame ukukhiqizwa njengomkhiqizo olandelanayo.
Umdwebo wenqubo ye-chloralkali ubonisa lolu chungechunge. Ukudla kwe-brine kungena esitokisini; amandla kagesi aphula i-sodium chloride. Igesi ye-chlorine ikhuphuka isuka esifundeni se-anode, kuyilapho i-sodium hydroxide negesi ye-hydrogen kwakheka eduze kwe-cathode, ishiya iseli ngeziteshi ezihlukene. Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride kwenzeka ngokwenziwa okuqondile okuvela kumagesi e-hydrogen ne-chlorine, noma ngokumunca i-chlorine ibe yi-caustic soda ukuze kamuva ibuyise i-HCl ngokusebenzisa i-acidification.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza zegesi ye-hydrogen chloride zilawula ngokuqondile. Ekuhlanganisweni okuqondile, i-hydrogen ne-chlorine kusabela ekucindezelweni nasekushiseni okulawulwayo, kwakha igesi ye-HCl. Ukulinganisa ingcindezi eqondile eqondile kulesi sinyathelo kubalulekile—ingcindezi enkulu iphakamisa ingozi yokuqhuma, kanti ingcindezi ephansi inciphisa isivuno futhi ingcolise umkhiqizo ongezansi. Ukuguqulwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride ibe yi-hydrochloric acid kudinga ukumuncwa emanzini angenawo i-ion ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo, futhi kudinga ukuqapha ingcindezi okuqinile ukuze kugwenywe ukukhiqizwa kwe-acid inkungu nezinkinga zokukhipha ezikhuthaza ukugqwala kwe-intergranular.
Isigaba ngasinye—ukungena kwe-feedstock, i-electrolysis, ukuhlukaniswa kwegesi, ukwakheka kwe-HCl, kanye nokumuncwa kwe-HCl—kuncike kudatha yengcindezi yesikhathi sangempela. Ukucindezela ngokweqile kungadala ukuvuza okubi kakhulu noma ukukhishwa kwe-acid inkungu, kuyilapho ukucindezela okungaphansi kudala ukungazinzi, okubeka engcupheni ukusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka kanye nobumsulwa bomkhiqizo.
Ukushiswa Kwe-Hydrochloric Acid Kanye Nezinselele Zayo
Ukushisa kwe-hydrochloric acid, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni ezingezansi njengokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali nomaukukha i-asidi, kuncike ekulethweni kokudla okuzinzile, ukushisa okulawulwayo, kanye nokudluliselwa okuphephile. Izigaba ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukushisa i-hydrochloric acid kusengaphambili, ukuhwamuka ngaphakathi kwe-heat exchanger ezinikele, kanye nokusabalalisa umhwamuko. Isigaba ngasinye sinezingozi zaso: ukushintshashintsha okusheshayo kokudla noma ukungalingani kokushisa kungabangela ukushintshashintsha kwe-pressure pulse, okungase kuqede izinhlelo zokuvikela ukucindezela ngokweqile.
Ukuqapha ingcindezi eqondile ngesikhathi sangempela kuba yinto ebalulekile kulezi zindawo zokulawula. Isibonelo, isilawuli sokushisa esihlulekile noma i-outlet yomusi evalekile ingabangela ukwakheka kwengcindezi okungazelelwe. Ngaphandle kokuqapha okusebenzayo, ingcindezi yegobolondo le-vaporizer ingakhuphuka, isunduze uketshezi olugcwalisiwe ezindaweni zomusi—isimo esiholela emthonjeni wokugcwalisa uketshezi futhi sikhulise izinkinga zokuminyana kwe-asidi. Le miphumela icindezela izingxenye ze-vaporizer, ikhulisa izingozi zezindlela zokwehluleka okubangelwa ukugqwala kanye nokugqwala okuphakathi kwe-granular.
Ngasohlangothini lwemishini, izinzwa zokucindezela i-diaphragm—ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufundwa okunembile ngesikhathi sangempela—zisengozini yokukhathala kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-diaphragm. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukufundwa kwengcindezi okungeyona eqondile noma ukwehluleka okuphelele kwenzwa, okwenza kube nzima izinqubo zokulinganisa endaweni futhi kudinge imikhuba emihle yokulungisa ukuvala njalo ukuze kugwenywe isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe.
Uma kungalawulwa, lokhu kukhubazeka kunomthelela ekugugeni kwemishini ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho umhwamuko we-hydrochloric acid ungena ezivalweni noma ezindlini zezinzwa. Ukulawulwa kwenkungu kwe-hydrochloric acid okuphumelelayo kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukungena okuholela emiphumeleni yokuguga koketshezi olugcwala izinzwa kanye nokwehluleka kokugqwala kwesikhathi eside. Ukuze kulondolozwe ukusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka nokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuthembekile kokucindezela ngokweqile, ukulungiswa okuqinile, kanye nezexwayiso zokuphambuka kwengcindezi ngokushesha kubalulekile kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokusebenza.
Ukuqapha ingcindezi okuqhubekayo, kufaka phakathi amathuluzi avela kubakhiqizi abanjengoLonnmeter, kusekela ukusebenza kwe-chloralkali okuphephile nokusebenza kahle ngokuvikela ekuphazamisekeni kwenqubo nokunciphisa izimbangela zokwehluleka ngaphakathi kwezinyathelo zokuhwamuka nokuguqulwa.
Umdwebo Wenqubo Ye-Chloralkali
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Izingozi Eziyinhloko Ekusebenzeni Kwe-Hydrochloric Acid Vaporizer
Izingozi Zokukhiqizwa Kwegesi Ye-Hydrogen Chloride
Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride kuyisici esiyinhloko senqubo ye-chloralkali. Kodwa-ke, ukuphathwa okungafanele ngesikhathi sokuhwamuka kuletha izinselele ezibalulekile zokuphepha nokusebenza. Lapho i-hydrochloric acid ewuketshezi ihwamuka ngaphandle kokulawulwa okuqondile kokushisa nokucindezela, kwakheka inkungu ye-acid. Lawa maconsi aphuma emoyeni angabangela ukukhishwa okungalawulwa, okuveza izingozi zokuphefumula kanye nokugqwala okukhulu emishinini. Ukukhiqizwa kwenkungu ye-acid ngokuvamile kungumphumela wokuxokozela, ukungalingani kwengcindezi, noma amazinga okushintshashintsha komswakama. Ukulawulwa kwenkungu ye-hydrochloric acid okuphumelelayo kuncike ekugcineni izimo zenqubo ezizinzile nokusebenzisa ama-vaporizer aqinile alawula ushintsho lwesigaba. Izinhlelo zokuvikela ukucindezela ngokweqile nazo zisiza ekunciphiseni ukukhuphuka kwegesi okungazelelwe okungabangela izehlakalo zenkungu ye-acid.
Ukugqwala Okuphakathi Kwezinhlayiya Nobude Besikhathi Sempahla
Imishini esebenza nge-hydrochloric acid vaporizer ibhekene nengozi yokugqwala njalo ngenxa yohlobo olunamandla lwe-hydrogen chloride. Izindlela zokwehluleka okubangelwa ukugqwala, ikakhulukazi ukugqwala okuphakathi kwe-granular, zisongela amapayipi, ama-valve, kanye nezinsimbi zokulinganisa. Lolu hlobo lokugqwala luhlasela imingcele yezinhlamvu zensimbi, lwenze buthaka izingxenye ngaphakathi futhi luholele ekuhlulekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.Ukuqapha ingcindezi ngesikhathi sangempelakubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukugqwala phakathi kwezingxenye: ngokulandelela ukuphambuka ekucindezelweni kokusebenza, abaqhubi bangabona izimo ezingase zisheshise ukugqwala, njengokucindezela ngokweqile okuqhubekayo noma ukujikeleza. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuvumela ukungenelela ngesikhathi, kusekela ngqo ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kokugqwala emishinini yezimboni nokwandisa isikhathi eside sempahla.
Izinsongo Zokusebenza Nokulungisa
Imiphumela yokuguga koketshezi olugcwalisiwe kanye nomthelela wokuhwamuka koketshezi olugcwalisiwe kuyizingozi zokusebenza kwansuku zonke ekulinganisweni kwengcindezi okuhlukile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokujikeleza kwezinga lokushisa konakalisa uketshezi olugcwalisiwe ngaphakathi kwama-pressure transmitters, okuholela ekushintsheni kobuningi, ukwakheka komusi, kanye nobuqotho besignali obulimele. Lokhu konakala kwethula ukukhukhuleka kokulinganisa futhi kungabangela ama-alamu angamanga noma kufihle izinguquko zangempela zokucindezela. Lapho kwenzeka ukuminyana kwe-acid inkungu ezivalweni ezikude noma ekuxhumaneni kwenqubo yensimbi, ama-transmitter internal angase angcoliswe, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthembeka nokunemba.
Izimbangela zokuguquguquka kwengcindezi zivame ukuhlotshaniswa noshintsho lwenqubo olusheshayo, i-cavitation yephampu, noma ukusebenza kwe-valve yesikhashana. Lawa ma-pulse abukhali, aphindaphindwayo angakhathaza ama-diaphragm athambile ngaphakathi kwezinzwa. Ukukhathala kwe-diaphragm kanye nokuguquguquka kungavela njengokufundwa okungekho emgqeni noma izikhathi zokuphendula kancane. Izimpawu zokukhathala kwe-diaphragm zakuqala zifaka phakathi izimpawu zokucindezela ezingazinzile kanye nemiphumela engaguquki, okuqhubekela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwela okungapheli noma ukuqhekeka uma kunganakwa.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuqhubekayo, idatha yengcindezi yesikhathi sangempela isekela izinqubo zokulinganisa endaweni ngokuveza izitayela ezihamba kancane kancane kude nokusebenza okuyisisekelo. Idatha efinyelelekayo iphinde ivumele opharetha ukuthi bahlele imikhuba emihle yokulungisa ukuvalwa, babhekane nezinkinga ezincane neziphuthumayo zobuqotho ngaphambi kokuba zikhule. Lokhu kuphumela ekusebenzeni kahle kokuhwamuka kwegesi, ukusebenza okuphephile, kanye nokunciphisa ukungasebenzi kahle okungahleliwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride.
Ukuvikelwa Kokucindezela Okudlulele Nokuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Kahle
Izinhlelo Zokuvikela Ukucindezeleka Okuqile Ezihlanganisiwe
Ukutholwa kokucindezela ngokweqile okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni kahle kuma-skid e-hydrochloric acid vaporizer. Ukwanda kokucindezela—okuvame ukubangelwa ukushintsha okusheshayo kokugeleza, umthelela wokuhwamuka koketshezi olugcwalisiwe, noma izinkinga zokuminyana kwe-acid—kungabangela ukukhathala kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-diaphragm. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokukhathala kwe-diaphragm zifaka phakathi ukufundwa kokucindezela okungaguquki, izikhathi zokuphendula ezandisiwe, kanye nokuguguleka okubonakalayo kwemishini. Uma kungashiywa kungalawulwa, lokhu kukhathala kungathuthuka ngokushesha kube yizindlela zokwehluleka okukhulu okubangelwa ukugqwala, ikakhulukazi ezifanele ezinhlelweni zenqubo ye-chloralkali.
Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela, kusetshenziswa ama-inline pressure transmitters, kubalulekile ohlelweni lokuvikela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile oluthembekile. Lapho kutholwa ukuhamba kwengcindezi, izinqubo zokuhamba eziphephile zingavulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, okubangela ukuvala kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwehluleka. Lokhu akuvimbeli nje kuphela ukukhishwa okubi kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride kodwa futhi kunciphisa amathuba okugqwala kwe-intergranular, okuyingozi enkulu enqubweni ye-chloralkali. Izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe, ezinempendulo eqhubekayo yengcindezi, zivumela izinqubo zokulinganisa endaweni futhi zisekele imikhuba emihle yokugcinwa kokuvala, zinciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi futhi zandise impilo yesevisi ye-diaphragm.
Ukuqinisekisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuhwamuka Komoya
Ukugcina iphrofayili yokucindezela okuzinzile kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka kwama-vaporizers e-hydrochloric acid. Izimbangela zokuguquguquka kwengcindezi, njengemiphumela yokuguga koketshezi noma ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo, ziphazamisa kokubili ukuhwamuka kanye nokulawulwa kwe-asidi inkungu. Ukwehla okungazelelwe noma ukuphakama kwengcindezi kungaholela ekuhwamukeni okungaphelele, amazinga aphezulu okulahlekelwa yi-asidi, kanye nokwanda kokuminyana kwe-asidi inkungu. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kuthinta ngqo umkhiqizo wokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride futhi kuphazamise ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kokugqwala emishinini yezimboni.
Ama-inline pressure transmitter asebenza ngokubambisana nezilawuli zenqubo zobuningi, ukuhlushwa, kanye nokushisa. Isibonelo, i-Lonnmeterimitha yobuningi emugqeniinikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ngokuhlushwa kwe-asidi, okuthuthukisa izimpendulo ze-control loop. Idatha ehlanganisiwe evela ekulinganisweni kokucindezela kanye nobuningi ivumela opharetha ukuthi balungise amazinga okugeleza kanye nokufakwa kokushisa, bagcine inqubo yokuhwamuka ngaphakathi kwemingcele efanele. Izingcindezi zesistimu ezizinzile zinciphisa ukulahleka kwe-asidi, zisekela ukubuyiselwa kwe-mist okunembile, futhi ziqinisekise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kahle. Ngokuxhumanisa lezi zilinganiso, ukuzinza kwenqubo kuyathuthuka, kunciphisa kokubili isidingo sokulungiswa okungahleliwe kanye nengozi yokukhishwa kwe-mist ye-asidi endaweni yokusebenza.
Ama-Transmitter Okucindezela Okuphakathi Kwe-Lonnmeter kanye Nezinsimbi Zokusebenza Ezinezipharamitha Eziningi
Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter angaphakathi anikeza izixazululo eziqinile zenqubo ye-chloralkali, edinga ukuqapha okunembile kokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride kanye nokuhwamuka kwe-hydrochloric acid. Lawa ma-transmitter aklanywe ukuze amelane nezimo ezigqwala kakhulu, ahlinzeka ngokufundwa okusheshayo nokunembile okumelana nokwehluleka okuvamile kuma-sensor enhloso ejwayelekile. Umklamo wawo wezinzwa othuthukisiwe ubhekana nemiphumela yokuguga koketshezi kanye nokukhathala kwe-diaphragm kanye nokuguquguquka—izimbangela ezimbili eziphambili zokwehluleka okubangelwa ukugqwala emishinini yezimboni.
Ama-diaphragm nezinto ezikhethekile kuma-transmitter e-Lonnmeter avimbela umthelela wokuhwamuka koketshezi olugcwalisiwe kanye nokuwohloka kokugqwala kwezingxenye zangaphakathi, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngisho nangesikhathi sezimbangela zokuguquguquka kwengcindezi noma izinkinga zokuminyana kwe-acid. Isibonelo, lapho i-HCl ephefumulayo idala indawo eyinselele, ama-transmitter engcindezi e-Lonnmeter asebenza njengohlelo lokuxwayisa kwasekuqaleni lwezinhlelo zokuvikela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile. Awagcini nje ngokubona ukwenyuka kwengcindezi okungaholela ezimweni zokuvimbela ukugqwala phakathi kwe-granular kodwa asabela ngokushesha ekwehleni okungavamile noma ekukhuphukeni, ngokuvamile exwayisa opharetha ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwehluleka okukhulu.
Ukuhlanganisa ama-transmitter e-inline pressure e-Lonnmeter kanye nama-transmitter e-inline angeziwe, ukuminyana, i-viscosity, izinga, kanye nokushisa kudala inethiwekhi yezinsimbi eziningi. Le ndlela ebanzi ivumela opharetha ukuthi baqaphe umthelela wokufuthwa koketshezi kanye nezinkinga zokuminyana kwe-acid, kokubili okubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle kokufuthwa koketshezi. Amamitha e-inline density kanye ne-viscosity, nawo akhiqizwa yi-Lonnmeter, asekela ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuningiliziwe, okuvumela ukulungiswa kanye nokulungiswa ngaphambi kokuba inqubo ibole noma ivalwe.
Ngokulandelela amapharamitha amaningi—ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, ukuhlushwa, ubuningi, i-viscosity, kanye nezinga—idatha yesikhathi sangempela inikeza ukuqonda ngezimbangela eziyinhloko zezimpawu zokukhathala kwe-diaphragm futhi isiza ekuqaliseni imikhuba emihle yokulungisa ukuvala. Lokhu kuqapha okunenethiwekhi kubalulekile ukuze kusetshenziswe izinqubo zokulinganisa ezisheshayo endaweni, kuthuthukiswe ukuqina nokunemba kwayo yonke inqubo.
Izixazululo zeLonnmeter ziqinisekisa ukuthi impilo yokusebenza kwezinzwa nemishini yenqubo ikhuliswa kakhulu, zisekela ngqo ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kokugqwala emishinini yezimboni kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibangelwa amaphutha ezinzwa. Kumdwebo wenqubo ye-chloralkali, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zamapharamitha amaningi kusiza ukubhekana nezinselele ezithile ekukhiqizweni kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride, ukuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwenkungu ye-hydrochloric acid kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthembeka kohlelo lwesikhathi eside.
Isiqondiso Sokufaka kanye Nenani Elilinganiswayo
Izincomo Zokubekwa Ezifanele
Ukuze inqubo ibe sezingeni eliphezulu enqubweni ye-chloralkali, faka ama-pressure transmitter kokubili ezindaweni zokungena ze-vaporizer kanye nasezindaweni zokuphuma. Le ndlela enamaphuzu amabili inikeza ukutholakala okusheshayo kwezimbangela zokuguquguquka kwengcindezi okungavamile futhi iqokomisa izingozi zokucindezela ngokweqile ezihlobene nokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride kanye nokulawulwa kwe-hydrochloric acid inkungu. Izinzwa ezengeziwe kufanele zibekwe ezindaweni ezivezwe ukwehla kwengcindezi okungazelelwe, njengezindawo zokucindezela amapayipi noma ama-valve okuvala aseduze nokulawula kanye nokuphepha, lapho isibonakaliso esisheshayo sezinguquko ezingafuneki senza kube lula ukuvimbela ngesikhathi esifanele izindlela zokwehluleka okubangelwa ukugqwala.
Ukulinganisa ukugxila kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nezingcindezi eduze kwezindawo ezivame umthelela wokuhwamuka koketshezi kanye nezinkinga zokuminyana kwe-asidi kuveza izixwayiso zakuqala zokuvimbela ukugqwala phakathi kwe-granular. Hlanganisa ubuningi obungaphakathi komugqa kanye nama-transmitter okushisa azungeze lezi zindawo ezibalulekile—ikakhulukazi lapho ukulungiswa kokusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka kubaluleke kakhulu—ukuze kutholakale izinguquko zesigaba ezithinta imiphumela yokuguga koketshezi futhi kubangele ukwakheka kwe-asidi kwe-asidi. Amadivayisi e-Lonnmeter awusizo kakhulu uma ehlanganiswa ngale ndlela, njengoba ukufundwa kwawo okunembile kobuningi obungaphakathi komugqa kuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kokugcina ukugeleza kwenqubo okuzinzile nokuvimbela imikhuba emihle yokugcinwa kokuvalwa ukuthi ingabi sengozini.
Inani Lokusebenza Kahle Nokunciphisa Izindleko
Ukuqapha ingcindezi okuqhubekayo, ngesikhathi sangempela kunciphisa kakhulu imvamisa yemicimbi yokulungisa ukuvalwa okungahleliwe, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi eziqondile kanye nokulahlekelwa umkhiqizo. Ngokubona izindlela zokwehluleka okubangelwa ukugqwala ngaphambi kokuba zikhuphuke, izikhungo zandisa kokubili isikhathi sokuphila kwe-vaporizer kanye nesiphayiphi esihlobene - inzuzo ebalulekile yemisebenzi yesimanje yenqubo ye-chloralkali elwela ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kokugqwala emishinini yezimboni.
Ukujula kwedatha eqoqwe kusukela ekulinganisweni okuqondile kusekela izinqubo zokulinganisa ezisebenzayo endaweni, kuvumela ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi izimpawu zokukhathala kwe-diaphragm kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo, futhi kunikeza amaphuzu okuqala okungenelela okuhleliwe ngaphambi kokuba ubuqotho besistimu bube sengozini. Ukuqapha njalo kulezi zindawo ezishisayo kusiza ekubikezeleni ukukhathala kwe-diaphragm futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungenelela kusekelwa idatha, kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa amamitha okuqina kwe-Lonnmeter nama-pressure transmitter kuveza ukuqonda okusebenzayo okungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa ukwenziwa ngcono kokusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukumoshwa kwamakhemikhali ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile noma ukuvuza—okunegalelo ngqo ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokusebenza nokuqinisekisa imbuyiselo esheshayo ekutshalweni kwezimali.
Ukulawulwa okuthuthukisiwe kokucindezela kanye nobuningi bamakhemikhali kuholela ekuhambisaneni okungcono nemikhawulo yokukhishwa kwezimboni ngenkathi kusekelwa amazinga aqinile okulawula inkungu ye-hydrochloric acid. Izikhungo zithembele kule datha eqhubekayo ukuze zilungise ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo, zivimbele umthelela wokugcwalisa uketshezi oluphumayo, futhi zixazulule izinkinga zokuminyana kwenkuku ye-acid ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwephulwa komthetho—okubonisa inani elilinganiselwe kokubili lokukhiqiza kanye nokunamathela komthetho.
Ukuvimbela Ingozi Okuphelele kanye Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu
Ukusungula uhlelo oluqinile lokugcinwa kokuvalwa kanye nokulinganiswa njalo endaweni kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho bemishini ezinhlelweni ze-hydrochloric acid vaporizer. Izikhawu zokugcinwa kufanele zihambisane nezincomo zomkhiqizi kanye nezidingo zenqubo ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezimpawu zokukhathala kwe-diaphragm nokuvimbela izindlela zokwehluleka okubangelwa ukugqwala. Izinqubo zokulinganisa endaweni kufanele zifake ukuqinisekiswa kokunemba kokudlulisela ingcindezi kanye nokuhlolwa kwamamitha okuminyana kanye ne-viscosity avela eLonnmeter ukuze kutholakale izinguquko ezibonisa ukukhukhuleka kwethuluzi noma ezigcwalisa imiphumela yokuguga koketshezi.
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezinkomba zokuqala zomthelela wokuhwamuka koketshezi olugcwalisiwe kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-diaphragm kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kohlelo. Abasebenzi kufanele babheke izinguquko esikhathini sokuphendula, ukufundwa kwengcindezi okungeyona eqondile, noma izimpawu zokucindezeleka ezibonakalayo kuma-diaphragm. Lezi zimpawu zingandulela isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe futhi zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima ezikhona ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride kanye nezinkinga zokuminyana kwe-acid. Amalogi ezinsimbi kufanele ahlaziywe njalo ukuze kutholakale izimbangela zokuguquguquka kwengcindezi—njengokukhuphuka kwephampu, izenzo ze-valve, noma izinguquko zokugeleza okusheshayo—ukuze kutholakale izitayela ezingavamile ngaphambi kokuba zikhule.
Ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kokugqwala emishinini yezimboni kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu zokucindezela kanye nezimpawu zamapharamitha amaningi. Amamitha okuqina angaphakathi kanye ne-viscosity avela ku-I-Lonnmeternikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ekhomba ukushintsha okuncane kwezakhiwo zoketshezi okubangelwa ukugqwala kwe-intergranular noma ukuhlaselwa yi-asidi. Idatha evela kula mamitha, kanye nolwazi lokushisa nokugeleza, ivumela ukuhlela ukulungiswa okubikezelayo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka. Abaqhubi kufanele bagxile ekugcineni izinhlelo zokuvikela ukucindezela ngokweqile ukuze bagweme umonakalo obangelwa ukucindezeleka okuvela ekukhuphukeni okungazelelwe.
Izindlela ezihlelekile ziyadingeka ekubhekaneni nezimbangela zokuguquguquka kwengcindezi kanye nezinkinga zokuminyana kwe-asidi. Amathuluzi kufanele akhethwe futhi afakwe ukuze amelane nomhwamuko oqothulayo futhi amelane nokufakwa kwe-asidi. Ukugcinwa njalo kwezibambo kanye nokugcinwa kwe-drain, kanye namadivayisi afanele okuhlukanisa, kusiza ukususa inkungu ye-hydrochloric acid emigqeni yenqubo. Ama-dampener okucindezela ukuqhuma kanye namapayipi aguquguqukayo aqinisa amaphrofayili okucindezela, anciphise ukukhathala kwe-diaphragm kanye nokuguquguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukusebenzisa le mikhuba emihle kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo ze-vaporizer ezihilelekile enqubweni ye-chloralkali. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo, ukungenelela okuhleliwe, kanye namasu okuvimbela ndawonye kunciphisa izingozi futhi kwandise impilo yesevisi yemishini.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi yesikhathi sangempela kuthuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka kwe-vaporization enqubweni ye-chloralkali?
Ukuqapha ingcindezi eqondile ngesikhathi sangempela kuqinisa izindawo ezibalulekile zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwama-vaporizers e-hydrochloric acid. Uma izinguquko zengcindezi zitholakele ngokushesha, ukulawulwa kwempendulo okuqinile kungasetshenziswa ukugcina indawo yokulingana komphunga/uketshezi, kuvimbele izimo zokuhwamuka ngaphansi noma ngokweqile. Le mpendulo enembile inciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo okuvela ezinkingeni zokuminyana kwe-acid noma izimbangela zokuguquguquka kwe-pressure pulse, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwegesi ye-hydrogen chloride okuqhubekayo. Ngokuvumela ukulungiswa kwenqubo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukuphambuka okukhulu, ama-transmitter engcindezi eqondile asiza ekufezeni ukusebenza kahle kokuhwamuka futhi anciphise imfucuza yamakhemikhali.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa ukuqapha ingcindezi ekulawuleni inkungu ye-hydrochloric acid kanye nokuvikela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile?
Ukulandelela ingcindezi okuqhubekayo kusiza ungqimba olubalulekile lokuzivikela ezehlakalweni eziyingozi enqubweni ye-chloralkali. Ama-inline pressure transmitters afana nalawo avela eLonnmeter anikeza isaziso esisheshayo sokwanda kwengcindezi okungavamile noma ukwehla okuvame ukuba yizimbangela zokwakheka kwenkungu ye-hydrochloric acid. Lezi zimpawu zesikhathi sangempela zixhumana ngqo nezinhlelo zokuvikela ingcindezi ngokweqile, zinikeza opharetha idatha edingekayo yokungenelela okusheshayo okungenzeka. Ukubonakala okuthuthukisiwe kusho ukuthi ukuxhumana kokuphepha kuqala kusenesikhathi, kuvimbela ukukhishwa ngengozi kwegesi ebolile kanye nokwehluleka kokugoba kwesibili.
Ama-transmitter angaphakathi asiza kanjani ekuvimbeleni ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukugqwala?
Ukufundwa kwengcindezi okuhlala njalo nokunembile kubalulekile ekuboneni izingcindezi ezishintshashintshayo ezixhumene nezindlela zokwehluleka okubangelwa ukugqwala ngaphakathi kwemishini yokuhwamuka. Ama-transmitter angaphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter, akhiwe ngezinto ezingamelani nokugqwala, aletha izilinganiso ezinokwethenjelwa ngisho nasezindaweni ezinolaka kakhulu. Iphrofayili yengcindezi ezinzile ikhombisa ukuqina kwenqubo; noma yikuphi ukungazinzi okutholiwe kungabonisa ukugqwala okuphakathi kwe-granular noma umthelela wokuhwamuka koketshezi olugcwalisiwe othinta ubuqotho benqubo. Ngokulandelela lezi zindlela, izitshalo zingasebenzisa imikhuba emihle yokulungisa ukuvalwa ngaphambi kokuphazamiseka kwemishini, kugcwalise isidingo esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukwehluleka kokugqwala emishinini yezimboni.
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zokukhathala kwe-diaphragm kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo, futhi zingatholakala kanjani?
Ukufundwa kwengcindezi okungajwayelekile, izimpendulo zezinzwa ezivilaphayo, kanye nokugeleza kancane kancane kwesisekelo ngokuvamile kubonisa izimpawu zokukhathala kwe-diaphragm. Lezi zinkinga zingavela ekucindezelekeni okuphindaphindiwe kwemishini, imiphumela yokuguga koketshezi, noma izehlakalo ezinde zokucindezela ngokweqile. Izinhlelo zokuqapha ezithuthukisiwe azigcini nje ngokubona ukuphambuka kwasekuqaleni ekusebenzeni okuvamile kodwa futhi ziqala izexwayiso ezisekelwe emicimbini zezinqubo zokulinganisa endaweni. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi opharetha bangahlela ukuhlolwa okuqondiwe, ukushintshwa kwengxenye, kanye nokubuyekezwa kokuphepha isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwe-diaphragm kuthinte ukuphepha noma isivuno senqubo.
Yiziphi ezinye izinsimbi ezingaphakathi eziwusizo kuyo yonke inqubo, futhi ngani?
Ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo kwenqubo ye-chloralkali kudinga okungaphezu nje kwedatha yokucindezela.Amamitha okuhlushwa angaphakathi komugqa, amamitha obuningi avela eLonnmeter, amamitha e-viscosity, ama-transmitter ezingeni, kanye nama-transmitter okushisa konke kunegalelo ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwenqubo. Lawa mathuluzi aqapha ngokuhlanganyela izinto eziguquguqukayo njengomthelela wokugcwalisa uketshezi oluphumayo, ubuningi bengxube, kanye nokukhukhuleka kokushisa. Kuphela ngokuhlanganisa lokhu kufundwa nezilinganiso zokucindezela lapho opharetha bangabona futhi banciphise izinkinga zokuminyana kwe-acid, baqinisekise ukuvimbela ukugqwala okufanele phakathi kwe-granular, futhi banciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe kulo lonke umjikelezo wokufudumala.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-15-2026
