Ulawulo lweConcrete Viscosity kunye noMgangatho wokugqibela weMveliso

Ukuqina kwekhonkrithi yipropathi ephambili elawula ukusebenza komxube wekhonkrithi entsha, echaphazela yonke into ukusuka ekukwazini kwayo ukupompa ukuya ekuchaseni kwayo ukwahlulwahlulwa. Jonga uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwendlela ukuqonda okucwangcisiweyo kunye nolawulo olusebenzayo lwe-khonkrithi olunokwenza ngayo igalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle, umgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso, kunye neendleko zeprojekthi iyonke. Iitekhnoloji zokulinganisa eziqhubekayo kunye nendlela eqhutywa yidatha yokwenza okuinkqubo yokuxuba ikhonkrithiinokuqinisekisa ukulingana kunye nokuhambelana ukuze kufezekiswe imveliso yokugqibela eqinileyo, eqinileyo, nethembekileyo.

Iimfuneko zoLawulo lwe-Viscosity yeSayensi ekuXubeni

Imfuno yeshishini lokwakha yezinto ezineempawu eziphambili, ezifana nekhonkrithi enamandla aphezulu (HPC), ikhonkrithi ezizihlanganisayo (SCC), kunye nemixube ekhethekileyo eqinisiweyo yefayibha, ityhile imida yeendlela zokulawula umgangatho zemveli. Kangangenkulungwane, uvavanyo lokuwa luye lwaba yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuvavanya ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi entsha. Nangona ilula kwaye iqhelekile, olu vavanyo lweparameter enye alwanelanga ngokusisiseko ekuchazeni indlela esebenza ngayo ikhonkrithi yanamhlanje, idla ngokubonelela ngeziphumo ezilahlekisayo ezingaphumeleliyo ukuqikelela ukusebenza kokwenyani komxube kwindawo.

Ukuhamba kunye nokuguquka kwekhonkrithi entsha, ebizwa ngokuba yi-rheology, kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo. Into ephambili echaphazela i-rheology ikwi-viscosity yekhonkrithi ekuxubeni, nto leyo elawula indlela umxube wekhonkrithi oziphatha ngayo ukusuka ekuxubeni kokuqala ukuya kwindawo yawo yokugqibela kwifomwork. Faka endaweni yovavanyo oluzimeleyo nolwe-empirical ngetekhnoloji yokubona echanekileyo eqhubekayo ukuze ulinganise i-viscosity echanekileyo ngakumbi.

1. Iziseko zeRheological zeConcrete

1.1 Ukuchaza ubungqindilili kwi-Complex Fluid

Ukuze uqonde i-rheology yekhonkrithi entsha, kubalulekile ukuba uqale uyiqonde kungekhona njengolwelo olulula kodwa njengomxube oqinileyo, oxutyiweyo wee-particles eziqinileyo kulwelo oluqinileyo. Isigaba esiqhubekayo, okanye i-matrix, kwikhonkrithi kukuxutywa kwee-particles ezincinci—kuquka iinkozo zesamente (ezinobubanzi obuphakathi obumalunga ne-15µm), izongezo zeminerali (ezifana ne-silica fume enobubanzi obuphakathi obuyi-0.15µm), kunye nee-particles zesanti ezincinci kune-100µm—ezisasazeke emanzini ane-admixtures yeekhemikhali. Ukuziphatha kokuhamba kulawula ukuziphatha kokuhamba ngokubanzi ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokuqhubekeka komxube wekhonkrithi wonke.

Ngokungafaniyo nolwelo lweNewtonian, olune-viscosity engaguqukiyo nakweyiphi na isantya sokucheba, i-concrete ibonisa ukuziphatha okungekuko kwe-Newtonian. Ukumelana kwayo nokuhamba akulona ixabiso elinye, elizinzileyo. Igama elithi "viscosity ebonakalayo" lichaza umlinganiselo phakathi koxinzelelo lwe-shear olusetyenzisiweyo kunye nesantya sokucheba esibangelwa yiyo. Olu viscosity olubonakalayo luyatshintsha njengomsebenzi wesantya sokucheba kunye noxinzelelo lwee-slid particles ngaphakathi kwe-suspension, kunye nenqanaba lokuhamba kwee-particle. Ngeenjongo ezisebenzayo, iipropati zokuhamba kwe-concrete entsha zibonakaliswa ngcono yimodeli yeeparameter ezimbini, enika inkcazo epheleleyo neluncedo ngakumbi kunomlinganiselo wexabiso elinye.

1.2 Iimodeli zeRheological ezibalulekileyo: iBingham kunye neNgaphaya kwayo

Ukuhamba kwekhonkrithi entsha kuchazwa kakhulu kwaye ngempumelelo yimodeli yeBingham fluid, enika iiparameter ezimbini ezisisiseko ze-rheological ukuchaza indlela esebenza ngayo: uxinzelelo lwemveliso kunye ne-plastiki viscosity. Ezi parameter zimbini zibonisa uhlobo oluphindwe kabini lokuhamba kwekhonkrithi.

• Uxinzelelo lweNzuzo (τ0): Le parameter imele uxinzelelo oluncinci lwe-shear ekufuneka lusetyenziswe kwikhonkrithi entsha ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukuhamba. Ngamandla afunekayo ukuphula iibhondi zexeshana, eziphakathi kwamasuntswana kunye nokuqalisa intshukumo. Umxube onoxinzelelo lwe-high yield uya kuziva uqinile kwaye umelane nentshukumo yokuqala, ngelixa uxinzelelo lwe-low yield lubonisa umxube onokuhamba kakhulu kwaye uya kusasazeka phantsi kobunzima bawo.

• Ukuqina kwePlastiki (μp): Le yindlela yokulinganisa ukumelana kwezinto nokuqhubeka kokuhamba kwamanzi xa uxinzelelo lwemveliso luphelile. Lumelwa yindlela ethe tyaba yobudlelwane obuphakathi koxinzelelo lokucheba kunye nesantya sokucheba. Ukuqina kwePlastiki kulinganisa ukungqubana kwangaphakathi kunye nokutsalwa okunamandla ngaphakathi kolwelo, okubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezifana nokupompa kunye nokugqiba.

Kwizicelo ezininzi eziphambili, ezifana nemixube ekwaziyo ukugeleza kakhulu okanye ukucheba, iimodeli ezinzima ngakumbi ezifana nemodeli yeHerschel-Bulkley zingasetyenziswa. Le modeli ineeparamitha ezintathu ze-rheological—uxinzelelo lwe-yield, i-consistency coefficient, kunye ne-consistency exponent—enokuchaza ngobuninzi uxinzelelo lwe-yield, i-differential viscosity, kunye neqondo lokucheba-ukuqina. Nangona kunjalo, kwikhonkrithi eqhelekileyo nesebenza kakuhle, imodeli yeBingham inika isakhelo esomeleleyo nesisebenzayo sokulawula umgangatho.

Ukuxhomekeka kwezi parameters zimbini kubonisa ukungalingani okusisiseko kolawulo lomgangatho wendabuko. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lokuwa, luvavanyo lwenqaku elinye olusebenza kuxinzelelo lwesivuno somxube. Oku kuthetha ukuba umxube onokuwa okufanelekileyo usenokuba ne-viscosity yeplastiki engalunganga, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezibalulekileyo kwindawo. Umzekelo, imixube emibini eyahlukeneyo inokuvelisa ixabiso elifanayo lokuwa kodwa ibe neempawu ezahlukeneyo zokumpompa okanye zokugqiba, njengoko enye inokuba ne-viscosity yeplastiki ephantsi kakhulu (eyenza kube nzima ukuyigqiba) ngelixa enye inomgangatho ophezulu ongamkelekanga (eyenza kube nzima ukuyipompa). Uvavanyo lwe-parameter enye ke ngoko alwanele kwikhonkrithi yanamhlanje, eqhutywa kukusebenza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kutshintshelwe kwi-rheological characterization epheleleyo.

Itheyibhile 1: Iiparameter ze-Rheological kunye nokubaluleka kwazo ngokomzimba

1.3 Izinto Eziphambili Ezichaphazela Ukuxinana

Iimpawu ze-rheological zekhonkrithi aziguquki; zinovelwano kakhulu kubungakanani kunye neempawu zezinto eziyinxalenye yazo. Umsebenzi oyintloko womyili womxube kukulungelelanisa ezi zinto ukuze kufezekiswe amandla afunekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

• Umlinganiselo weZinto ezisetyenziswa ngamanzi-nesamente (W/Cm): Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Umlinganiselo ophantsi we-W/Cm, obalulekileyo ekufezekiseni amandla aphezulu oxinzelelo kunye nokuqina, ukwanyusa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwemveliso kunye ne-plastiki viscosity yomxube. Olu lwalamano oluchaseneyo luyinto ephambili yoyilo lomxube: ukufumana amandla aphezulu kudla ngokubangela ukuba kube nzima ukusebenza, nto leyo edinga indlela enobuchule ngakumbi yokulawula i-viscosity.

• Iimpawu zeAggregate: Iimpawu zeaggregate ezirhabaxa nezicolekileyo zibalulekile. Ummandla womphezulu weaggregate uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani bentlama efunekayo ukuze kuthanjiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Amasuntswana amancinci afuna amanzi kunye nesamente engaphezulu, ngaloo ndlela enyusa i-viscosity. Ukuma kwamasuntswana nako kubalulekile; ii-aggregate ezichotshoziweyo zinendawo ephezulu kwaye zibangela ukungqubana okukhulu phakathi kwamasuntswana kunee-aggregate ezijikelezileyo, zifuna intlama eninzi ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza okufanayo.

• Izinto Ezisebenzisa Isamente: Ukuqina kwesamente kunye nezinto ezongezelelweyo ezisebenzisa isamente (ii-SCM) ezifana nothuthu oluphumayo kunye nomphunga we-silica kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwesamente. Amasuntswana amancinci anomphezulu wawo omkhulu adla ngokunyusa ukutyibilika kunye nokuxinana. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imilo engqukuva yamasuntswana othuthu oluphumayo ingasebenza njenge-lubricant, inciphise ukuxinana kweplastiki kwaye iphucule ukuhamba kwamanzi.

• Umxube weekhemikhali: Umxube wenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulawula i-rheology yekhonkrithi. Umxube onciphisa amanzi kunye nee-superplasticizers zisasaza amasuntswana esamente, zinciphisa amanzi afunekayo ukuze kusebenzeke kakuhle kwaye ngaloo ndlela zonyusa amandla okugqibela. Umxube oguqula i-viscosity (ii-VMA) zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngomxube ngokudibanisa kunye nozinzo ngaphandle kokongeza amanzi angaphezulu. Zibaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukwahlulwahlulwa kwikhonkrithi enamanzi amaninzi nakwizicelo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nekhonkrithi engaphantsi kwamanzi kunye ne-shotcrete.

Umngeni woyilo lomxube yingxaki yokwenza ngcono edibeneyo. Ukukhetha ukunciphisa umlinganiselo we-W/Cm ukuze kwandiswe amandla kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukusebenza ngokwandisa i-viscosity. Ukongezwa kwe-superplasticizer kunokubuyisela ukusebenza, kodwa oku kugeleza okutsha kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokopha kunye nokwahlukana. Ke ngoko, umxube oguqula i-viscosity uyafuneka ukuze kubonelelwe ngokudibanisa okufunekayo. Olu xhomekeko oluntsonkothileyo noluguquguqukayo lubonisa ukuba inkqubo yokuxuba ikhonkrithi ayisiyonkqubo elula ethe tye kodwa yinkqubo enzima apho ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-viscosity luyingxaki ephambili. Ukukhethwa kunye nokulinganisela kwenxalenye enye kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umlinganiselo ofunekayo wezinye, okwenza indlela epheleleyo, esekelwe kwi-rheology ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo.

2. Ulawulo lwe-Dynamic Viscosity

2.1 Imida yoVavanyo lweMveli

Uvavanyo lokuwa luhlala lolona vavanyo lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvavanyeni ukuhambelana kwekhonkrithi entsha. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ngokuyintloko impendulo yomxube kumxhuzulane, nto leyo ikakhulu ibangelwa kukuxinezeleka kwayo. Ixabiso lokuwa elivelayo aliboneleli ngolwazi malunga nokuwa kweplastiki komxube. Oku kusilela kuthetha ukuba ixabiso lokuwa elinye alinakuqikelela ngokuthembekileyo indlela umxube osebenza ngayo ngexesha lokupompa, ukubeka, kunye nokugqiba, ezixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-viscosity yeplastiki. Kwizinto eziphambili ezifana ne-SCC, ezenzelwe ukuhamba phantsi kobunzima bazo, kusetyenziswa i-metric eyahlukileyo, uvavanyo lokuwa, kodwa isalinganisa ixabiso elibonakalayo elingelona uphawu lokwenyani lwe-rheological. Ukunganeli kwezi vavanyo zemveli, ezinenqaku elinye kubonisa imfuneko yendlela yesayensi ngakumbi.

2.2 Ukuqhubela phambili kwiSilinganiselo seRheological

Ukuze koyiswe iziphene zovavanyo olusekelwe kubungqina, uhlalutyo lwanamhlanje lwe-rheological lusebenzisa izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo ukuze kulinganiswe uxinzelelo lwemveliso kunye ne-plastiki viscosity.

• IiRheometers ezijikelezayo: Ezi zixhobo zisemgangathweni wophando lwelabhoratri, zibonelela ngegophe elipheleleyo lokuhamba kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-continuous shear kwisampulu yekhonkrithi kunye nokulinganisa i-torque ephumayo. Zisebenza kwiijiyometri ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ii-coaxial cylinders, ii-vanes, kunye nee-helical impellers.

2.3 Ulawulo lweViscosity yeXesha langempela ngexesha lokuxuba

Injongo ephambili yolawulo lwe-viscosity kukutshintsha ukusuka kwinkqubo yokusabela, engekho kwi-intanethi ukuya kwinkqubo yokulawula esebenzayo, yexesha langempela. Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri olungekho kwi-intanethi alunaxabiso lilinganiselweyo kulawulo lwenkqubo kuba iipropati zekhonkrithi ziyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokufuma, ubushushu, kunye nembali yokucheba. Ukubeka iliso kwi-intanethi, ngexesha langempela yindlela ekuphela kwayo yokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwebhetshi nebhetshi kwindawo yemveliso enamandla.

• Iinkqubo eziSekelwe kwiTorque: Indlela ethe ngqo nesebenzayo yokujonga ngexesha langempela ibandakanya ukulinganisa i-torque kwi-motor okanye kwi-shaft yomxube. I-torque efunekayo ukuze kujikeleziswe umxube ihambelana ngqo ne-viscosity yomxube. Ukunyuka okukhulu kwe-torque kubonisa ukongezwa komthwalo omtsha, kwaye ukwehla kubonisa ukuba umxube uya uhambelana ngakumbi. Oku kuvumela abaqhubi ukuba benze uhlengahlengiso kwangoko ukuze bafikelele kulungelelwano olufunekayo ngexesha elifutshane.

• Iiteknoloji Ezisakhasayo: Ubuchwepheshe obuphambiliIi-viscometer zeLonnmeterBabonelela ngemilinganiselo eqhubekayo, engahambelaniyo ngqo ngaphakathi kwi-mixer okanye kwi-intanethi. Balandelela iiparameter ezibalulekileyo ngexesha langempela, besusa isidingo sokufumana iisampulu ngesandla kwaye banike abaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi bolawulo lomgangatho ingxelo ekhawulezileyo yokulungiswa kwendlela abaya kuyo.

Ukufika kwe-automated,umlinganiselo we-viscosity emgceniivumela utshintsho olusisiseko ukusuka kwindlela yokusabela ukuya kwindlela yokulawula umgangatho esebenzayo. Kwindlela yokusebenza yendabuko, umxube uyahlulwahlulwa, kwaye isampuli ithathwa ukuze kuvavanywe ukuhla. Ukuba umxube awuchanekanga, ibhetshi iyalungiswa okanye iyaliwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchithekeni kwexesha, amandla, kunye nezinto. Ngenkqubo yexesha langempela, ekwi-intanethi, umlambo oqhubekayo wedatha malunga nokungaguquguquki komxube unokubuyiselwa kwinkqubo yokulinganisa ezenzekelayo. Oku kudala inkqubo yolawulo oluvaliweyo olukhokelela ngokuzenzekelayo umxube kwindawo efunekayo ye-rheological, ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke ibhetshi iyahlangabezana neemfuno kwaye isusa phantse umngcipheko weempazamo zabantu okanye imithwalo eyaliwe. Le ndlela yokuphendula enobuchule iyinto ebalulekileyo enika amandla umgangatho kunye nenzuzo.

2.4 Impembelelo yokuxuba iiParameters

Ukuxuba akuyonkqubo yokuxuba izithako kuphela; linqanaba elibalulekileyo elibumba ngokusisiseko i-rheology kunye ne-microstructure yomxube omtsha.

• Ukuxuba Ixesha kunye namandla:Ubude kunye nobunzulu bokuxuba bunempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu ze-rheological. Ukuxuba okungaphelelanga kukhokelela ekungahambelani kakuhle, nto leyo ebeka emngciphekweni iimpawu zekhonkrithi entsha neqinileyo. Ukuxuba ngokugqithisileyo kukuchithwa kwamandla kwaye kunokuba yingozi kwimveliso yokugqibela. Ikhonkrithi enomlinganiselo ophantsi wokubopha amanzi, ngakumbi, ifuna ixesha elide lokuxuba kunye namandla aphezulu ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhambelana.

• Ulandelelwano lokuxuba:Indlela ezifakwa ngayo izinto kwi-mixer inokuchaphazela ne-rheology yokugqibela. Kwabanye abaxubi, ukongeza izinto ezincinci kuqala kunokubangela ukuba zinamathele kwiiblade okanye zivaleleke kwiikona, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi ukufana komxube. Ulandelelwano olufanelekileyo lubaluleke ngakumbi kwiingxube ze-W/Cm eziphantsi, ezibuthathaka ngakumbi kwiinguqu.

3. Impembelelo ye-Viscosity kwi-Fresh Concrete Performance

Ulawulo lokuxinana aluyonto ingaqhelekanga; yindlela ethe ngqo yokulawula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kwekhonkrithi entsha, ukuqinisekisa ukuba isebenza ngendlela eqikelelweyo ngexesha lokubekwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo.

3.1 Ubudlelwane phakathi kobungqindilili nokuguquguquka kokusebenza

Ukusebenziseka lula ligama elibanzi eliquka ukulula kokuphathwa, ukubekwa, nokugqitywa komxube. Lulungelelwano olubuthathaka phakathi kokuhamba kunye nozinzo, kwaye lulawulwa ngokupheleleyo yiprofayili ye-rheological yomxube.

• Ukumpompa: Ukukwazi ukupompa ikhonkrithi kumgama omde okanye ukuya kubude obuphezulu ngokuyintloko ngumsebenzi weplastiki ethambileyo. Ikhonkrithi ene-viscosity ephezulu ifuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu lokupompa ukuze yoyise ilahleko yokungqubana, ngelixa iplastiki ethambileyo kunye noxinzelelo lwemveliso ziyimfuneko ukuze kuhambe kakuhle kwaye kube lula.

• Ukubekwa kunye nokuQokelelwa: Ukuqina okufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba umxube ungafakwa ngokulula, ugeleze uye kwifom entsonkothileyo, kwaye ugqume ukuqina ngaphandle kwemingxuma. Ukuxubana okuguqula ukuqina kunokunyusa ukuthambisa, kunciphisa amandla afunekayo ekuqinisweni kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umxube ofanayo ufezekiswa ngomzamo omncinci.

3.2 Ukuqinisekisa Ukulingana Nozinzo

Ukulingana kwekhonkrithi entsha yinto ebalulekileyo kumgangatho wokugqibela wemveliso. Ngaphandle komxube odibeneyo, ikhonkrithi inokuba neendlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwahlukana: ukopha kunye nokwahlukana. Ukuqina kwekhonkrithi yeyona nto iphambili ekunciphiseni ezi zinto.

• Ukopha: Uhlobo lokwahlulwa kwinqanaba elincinci, ukopha kwenzeka xa amanzi enyuka aye kumphezulu womxube omtsha kuba izinto eziqinileyo azikwazi ukugcina onke amanzi axutywayo. Oku kubangelwa kukungafani kobuninzi kunye nokuhlanganiswa kobunzima bee-solid particles.

• Ukwahlulwahlulwa: Oku kukwahlulwa kwee-aggregates ezirhabaxa kwi-mortar. Xa i-viscosity ye-samente paste inganelanga, ii-aggregates, ezixineneyo kune-paste, ziya kuhlala ezantsi kwe-formwork.

Iiparameter ze-rheological zilawula ezi zinto ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Uxinzelelo lwemveliso lulawulo oluphambili lokwahlulwahlulwa okungaguqukiyo, okwenzeka xa umxube uphumle. Uxinzelelo lwemveliso oluphezulu ngokwaneleyo luthintela amasuntswana ukuba ahlale phantsi kobunzima bawo. Uxinzelelo lweplastiki, kwelinye icala, lulawulo oluphambili lokwahlulwahlulwa okuguquguqukayo, okwenzeka ngexesha lokuhamba okanye ukungcangcazela. Uxinzelelo lweplastiki oluphezulu lubonelela ngokumelana okudibeneyo okufunekayo ukuthintela amasuntswana anzima ukuba angahambi xa kuthelekiswa nentlama.

Ukufezekisa umxube ohamba kakuhle kakhulu ngelixa uthintela ukwahlulwahlulwa sisenzo sokulinganisela esinobuthathaka. Kwizinto ezifana nekhonkrithi ezizidibanisayo, umxube kufuneka ube noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwesivuno ukuze uhambe phantsi kobunzima bawo kodwa ube ne-viscosity ephezulu ngokwaneleyo yeplastiki ukuze umelane nokwahlulwahlulwa okuguquguqukayo ngexesha lokubekwa kwaye usenoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesivuno ukuze umelane nokwahlulwahlulwa okungaguqukiyo emva kokubekwa. Le mfuneko ngaxeshanye yingxaki enzima yokwenza ngcono exhomekeke kakhulu ekuqondeni ngokuchanekileyo i-rheology kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-admixtures ezicwangcisiweyo ezifana nee-VMAs ukubonelela ngomanyano olufunekayo.

3.3 Ukufikelela kwisiphelo esigqwesileyo

Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwe-viscosity luyimfuneko ukuze umphezulu ube semgangathweni ophezulu nohlala ixesha elide.

• Inkangeleko yomphezulu: Ukukhanya okubonakalayo okulawulwa kakuhle kuthintela ukopha okugqithisileyo, okunokudala umaleko obuthathaka, onamanzi (i-laitance) kumphezulu obeka emngciphekweni ukuqina kunye nobuhle.

• Ukubaleka kwiBubble yoMoya: Kufuneka iplastiki eyomeleleyo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuba amaqamza omoya avaleleke ngexesha lokuhlanganiswa, kuthintelwe izithuba kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba umphezulu uthambile, uxineneyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu iya kubamba amaqamza omoya, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphene ezifana nokubhaka iihoneycombs.

Itheyibhile 2: Impembelelo ye-Viscosity kwiPropati zeConcrete ezitsha

4. Ikhonkco Lesizathu: Ukusuka Ekuqineni ukuya Kumgangatho Wokugqibela Wemveliso

Ulawulo lweempawu zekhonkrithi entsha ngokulawula i-viscosity ayisosiphelo ngokwaso; yimfuneko efunekayo ukuze kufezekiswe amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuthembeka kwemveliso yokugqibela, eqinileyo.

4.1 Unxibelelwano lweHomogeneity-Strength

Iimpawu zekhonkrithi entsha zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho kunye namandla ekhonkrithi eqinileyo. Ulawulo lobuchwephesha lweempawu zekhonkrithi eqinileyo, njengokuqina koxinzelelo, alunantsingiselo ngaphandle kokulawula kuqala imeko entsha. Amandla ethiyori omxube wekhonkrithi amiselwa kakhulu ngumlinganiselo wawo wamanzi nesamente. Nangona kunjalo, amandla okwenyani, aqatshelweyo esakhiwo axhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela izinto ezisasazwa ngayo ngokulinganayo ngaphakathi komxube.

Kumxube omtsha, ukuba i-viscosity iphantsi kakhulu, ii-aggregates ezinzima ziya kuhlala, kwaye amanzi aya kuphuma aye kumphezulu.

Oku kudala iindawo ezinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ye-W/Cm: umlinganiselo ophezulu kwiileya eziphezulu (ukusuka ekuphumeni kwegazi) kunye nomlinganiselo ophantsi kwiileya ezisezantsi (ukusuka ekuhlalweni okuhlanganisiweyo). Ngenxa yoko, ikhonkrithi eqinileyo ayizukuba yinto efanayo enamandla afanayo. Iileya eziphezulu, ezineembobo eziphezulu zokuphuma kwegazi, ziya kuba buthathaka kwaye zingene ngakumbi, ngelixa iileya ezisezantsi zinokuba nee-voids kunye ne-honeycomb ezivela ekuhlanganisweni okubi kunye nokwahlulwahlulwa. Ukulawula i-viscosity kwimeko entsha kufana "nokutshixa" amandla oyilo oluthile lomxube ngokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuthintela ezi ziphene ukuba zingabikho. Yimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa amandla kunye nokuqina okucwangcisiweyo.

4.2 Iintsilelo, Ubuninzi, kunye Nokuqina

Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-viscosity yindlela ephambili yokuthintela iziphene eziqhelekileyo ezibeka emngciphekweni ukuqina kwexesha elide kwesakhiwo.

• Ukunciphisa Ubusi kunye nokungavuthwa: Umxube oneprofayili ye-rheological elungeleleneyo—ekwaziyo ukugeleza ngokwaneleyo ukuzalisa iifom kodwa ene-viscosity ephantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela umoya ovalelweyo ukuba uphume—lukhuselo oluphambili ekubunjweni kobusi kunye nokungavuthwa. Ezi ziphene azichaphazeli nje kuphela ubuhle besakhiwo kodwa zikwabeka emngciphekweni ukuqina kwesakhiwo saso ngokudala iindawo ezibuthathaka ezinokuqokelela umswakama.

• Ukuvuleka kunye nokuNgangeni: Ukopha kunye nokwahlulwahlulwa kudala imijelo kunye nemingxuma ngaphakathi kwekhonkrithi, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu ukuvuleka kwayo kunye nokungangeni. Ukuvuleka okwandileyo kuvumela ukungena kwamanzi, iikloridi, kunye nezinye ii-ion eziyingozi, ezinokukhokelela ekungcoleni kwentsimbi eqinisayo kunye nomonakalo wokuqandisa. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-viscosity-modifying admixtures kuboniswe ukuba kunciphisa ezi coefficients zothutho lwexesha elide ngokwandisa i-viscosity yesisombululo se-pore kwikhonkrithi eqinileyo.

5. Iingenelo zezoqoqosho nezisebenzayo

Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwe-viscosity yindlela enobuchule echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho womvelisi wekhonkrithi ngokunciphisa inkunkuma, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zizonke.

5.1 Ukuncitshiswa kweendleko eziBalwayo

• Ukuncitshiswa kweNkunkuma kunye nokungavumi: Ukubeka iliso kwi-viscosity ngexesha langempela kuvumela abavelisi ukuba bachonge ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthembekileyo "indawo yokugqibela" yenkqubo yokuxuba, bethintela ukuxubana ngokugqithisileyo kwaye baqinisekise ukuba yonke ibhetshi iyahlangabezana neemfuno. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu inkunkuma yezinto kunye nenani lemithwalo elahliweyo, eyimithombo ephambili yeendleko kunye noxanduva.

• Ukonga Amandla Nexesha: Ukuphucula inkqubo yokuxuba ngokulawula i-viscosity kusindisa ixesha kunye namandla. Idatha yexesha langempela inokuthintela ukuxuba okugqithisileyo, oku kuchitha ixesha kunye nombane, kwaye inokubona ukuxuba okungaphelelanga, ithintele isidingo sokuphinda uhlengahlengise iindleko.

5.2 Ukuphucula Ukusebenza Kakuhle

• Imveliso Elula: Ukubeka iliso kwi-viscosity ngokuzenzekelayo, ngexesha langempela kwenza kube lula yonke inkqubo yemveliso, kunciphisa isidingo sokuthatha iisampulu ngesandla kunye novavanyo. Oku kuvumela abasebenzi abalawula umgangatho ukuba balawule amaqela abo kunye nemithwalo yemisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, nokuba bekwiindawo ezikude.

• Iimfuno Eziphantsi Zomsebenzi: Ukusetyenziswa kwemixes elawulwa yi-rheology, ingakumbi i-SCC, kunokunciphisa kakhulu okanye kuphelise imfuneko yokungcangcazela ngesandla kunye nokuhlanganiswa. Oku kuthetha ukuba amaqela amancinci okubeka abasebenzi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekongeni iindleko ezinkulu zomsebenzi.

• Izikhalazo kunye namatyala ambalwa kubathengi: Ukuvelisa iibhetshi zekhonkrithi ezihambelanayo nezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunciphisa izikhalazo kubathengi kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wamatyala abiza kakhulu kunye nezimangalo ezibangelwa ziziphene okanye ukusilela kwesakhiwo.

5.3 Ixabiso lezinto ezibonakalayo kunye nokusebenza kwazo

• Ezinye iindlela ezingabizi kakhulu: Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukusebenzisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo nezinjenge-fly ash okanye i-slag cement njengokutshintsha okuncinci kwesamente kunokufezekisa iipropati ezifunwayo ze-rheological ngelixa kungabizi kakhulu (ukonga iindleko ezingama-30-40% kwezinye iimeko).

• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-VMA eCwangcisiweyo: Nangona umxube we-viscosity-modific wezorhwebo unokubiza kakhulu, ukuphuhliswa komxube omtsha, ongabizi kakhulu kunye nokukwazi ukuwusebenzisa kwiidosi ezichanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwidatha yexesha langempela kuvumela inzuzo yokusebenza engabizi kakhulu.

6. Iingcebiso Ezinokusebenziseka Zokuphumeza Ishishini

Ukuze abavelisi bekhonkrithi kunye neenkampani zokwakha baziqonde ngokupheleleyo iingenelo zolawulo lwe-viscosity, kufuneka utshintsho olucwangcisiweyo kwindlela yokusebenza kunye netekhnoloji.

6.1 Uhlengahlengiso loYilo oluXubeneyo loLawulo lokuVimba

Injongo yoyilo lomxube kukulinganisela amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokulawula ngokukhutheleyo ezi parameter zilandelayo, abavelisi banokulawula i-viscosity ngendlela ekhawulezileyo.

• Lawula umlinganiselo weSamente yamanzi: Umlinganiselo we-W/Cm yeyona nto iphambili ebangela amandla kwaye umisela isiseko se-viscosity yomxube. I-W/Cm ekujoliswe kuyo ye-0.45-0.6 idla ngokuthathwa njengefanelekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi, kodwa oku kungancitshiswa xa kusetyenziswa amandla aphezulu ngokusebenzisa izixube ezinciphisa amanzi.

• Lungiselela iAggregate Grading: Sebenzisa ii-aggregates ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukunciphisa imfuneko ye-paste nokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. Vavanya rhoqo ii-aggregates ukuze ubone ukuba zingakanani na ukufuma, ubuncinci, kunye nemilo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana ukusuka kwibhetshi ukuya kwibhetshi.

• Ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kweeFines: Ukwandisa umxholo weefines (umz., ngothuthu lwempukane, isamente yeslag, okanye i-silica fume) ukuphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokuzinza ngaphandle kokongeza amanzi angaphezulu. Imilo engqukuva yee-fly ash particles, ngakumbi, inyusa ukutyeba kwaye inokunciphisa isidingo see-VMA ezibiza kakhulu.

Itheyibhile 3: Uhlengahlengiso loYilo lweMix oluSebenzayo loLawulo lweRheology

6.2 Ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kweziXubeko

Umxube wezinto ezidityanisiweyo zezona zixhobo ziphambili zokulungisa i-rheology yekhonkrithi kakuhle kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngobuchule ukufezekisa iinjongo ezithile zokusebenza.

• IiSuperplasticizers: Kwimixube apho kufuneka khona ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye namandla aphezulu, sebenzisa izixhobo zokunciphisa amanzi eziphezulu ukuze ufezekise ukusebenza okufunekayo kumlinganiselo ophantsi we-W/Cm.

• Ukudibanisa iViscosity Modifying Admixtures (ii-VMA): Sebenzisa ii-VMA kwimixube efuna ukumelana nokwahlukana okuphezulu, njenge-SCC, ikhonkrithi engaphantsi kwamanzi, kunye nokuthulula okuthe nkqo okuphezulu. Zibalulekile ekuboneleleni ngokuhlangana kunye nokunciphisa imiphumo yee-aggregates ezinzima okanye ezibekwe kwindawo enye.

• IiTrial Mixes zibalulekile: Ukusebenza kwee-admixtures kunokuchaphazeleka bubushushu kunye nezinye izinto ezixutyiweyo. Soloko usenza ii-trial mixes ukuze ufumane imilinganiselo efanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile zendawo.

6.3 Isakhelo sanamhlanje soLawulo loMgangatho

Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwisakhelo sokulawula umgangatho esisebenzayo ukuya kwisakhelo sokulawula umgangatho esisebenzayo linyathelo lokugqibela kwisicwangciso sokulawula i-viscosity esiphumelelayo.

• Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwiSlump ukuya kwiRheology: Kwimixube yanamhlanje, dlulela ngaphaya kovavanyo lwe-slump ukuze ufake uvavanyo lwe-rheological oluntsonkothileyo, olufana nee-rheometers ezijikelezayo kwilebhu okanye uvavanyo lwe-slump oluguquliweyo kwintsimi olulinganisa ubude be-slump kunye nexesha lokuhamba kwe-slump.

• Yamkela ukuBekwa esweni okusemgceni: Tyala imali kwiisensa ze-viscosity ezisebenza ngexesha langempela, ezisebenza emgceni kunye ne-torque ukuze ujonge ukuhambelana komxube. Le yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuqinisekisa ukufana kwemveliso, ukunciphisa inkunkuma, kunye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

• Yila uluhlu olupheleleyo lokujonga lwe-QC: Misela imigangatho edlula uvavanyo lwendabuko lokuwa kunye namandla. Jonga iiparameter eziphambili ezifana nomxholo womswakama odibeneyo, ubushushu bomxube, kunye nexesha lokuxuba njengenxalenye yeprotocol yolawulo lomgangatho opheleleyo.

Ulawulo lwe-viscosity aluseyongxaki yokuncedisa; lubuchule obuphambili kubavelisi bekhonkrithi banamhlanje kunye neenkampani zokwakha. Utshintsho oluvela kwiindlela zemveli, ezisekelwe kwisayensi, olusekelwe kwi-rheology lubonelela ngendlela ecacileyo yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nomgangatho omtsha womgangatho kwishishini lekhonkrithi. Ngokusebenzisa idatha yexesha langempela, ukuqonda ukudibana okuntsonkothileyo kwezinto ezixutyiweyo, kunye nokusebenzisa isakhelo solawulo lomgangatho oluqinileyo, iinkampani zinokuqinisekisa umxube wekhonkrithi omtsha ofanayo, ongenaziphene. Olu lawulo olusebenzayo lusebenza njengomqathango obalulekileyo wokufezekisa amandla kunye nokuqina kwemveliso eqinileyo. Ngokwenza njalo, kuvumela inzuzo enkulu kunye nokuqikelelwa kwangaphambili, ekugqibeleni kubonelela ngenzuzo yokhuphiswano kwimarike efuna amandla neguqukayo.