Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Ntswg Ntawm Cov Pob Zeb Thiab Qhov Zoo Ntawm Cov Khoom Kawg

Qhov viscosity yog qhov khoom tseem ceeb uas tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov sib tov pob zeb tshiab, cuam tshuam txhua yam los ntawm nws lub peev xwm kom raug pumped mus rau nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev sib cais. Saib rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas kom meej txog yuav ua li cas kev nkag siab zoo thiab kev tswj hwm ua ntej ntawm qhov viscosity ntawm pob zeb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg, thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm qhov project. Cov thev naus laus zis ntsuas tas mus li thiab txoj hauv kev tsav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raucov txheej txheem sib tov ua vaj tsetuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib xws thiab kev sib xws rau kev ua tiav cov khoom tiav muaj zog, ruaj khov, thiab txhim khu kev qha.

Cov Kev Xav Tau ntawm Kev Tswj Xyuas Viscosity Scientific hauv Kev Sib Tov

Kev lag luam kev tsim kho xav tau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov khoom zoo heev, xws li cov pob zeb muaj zog siab (HPC), cov pob zeb sib sau ua ke (SCC), thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ua los ntawm cov fiber tshwj xeeb, tau qhia txog cov kev txwv ntawm cov kev ntsuas kev tswj xyuas zoo ib txwm muaj. Yuav luag ib puas xyoo, qhov kev sim slump tau yog txoj kev ntsuas tus qauv rau kev ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab. Txawm hais tias yooj yim thiab paub zoo, qhov kev sim ib qho no tsis txaus rau kev piav qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntws ntawm cov pob zeb niaj hnub, feem ntau muab cov txiaj ntsig tsis tseeb uas tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov kev ua tau zoo tiag tiag ntawm qhov chaw.

Qhov ntws thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab, hu ua rheology, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws txoj kev ua tau zoo. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau rheology yog nyob rau hauv cov viscosity ntawm cov pob zeb hauv kev sib tov, uas qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom sib tov pob zeb txij li thaum pib sib tov mus txog rau qhov chaw kawg hauv cov formwork. Hloov cov kev sim subjective thiab empirical nrog cov thev naus laus zis sensing txuas ntxiv mus rau kev ntsuas viscosity kom raug dua.

1. Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Rheological ntawm Concrete

1.1 Txhais Viscosity hauv Cov Kua Sib Xyaws

Yuav kom nkag siab txog qhov rheology ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum paub ua ntej tias nws tsis yog cov kua yooj yim tab sis ua cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom khov hauv cov kua nplaum. Lub sijhawm txuas ntxiv, lossis matrix, hauv cov pob zeb yog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom me me - suav nrog cov noob cement (nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kwv yees li 15µm), cov khoom siv ntxiv (xws li silica fume nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 0.15µm), thiab cov xuab zeb me dua 100µm - tawg hauv dej uas muaj cov tshuaj sib xyaw. Tus cwj pwm ntws tswj hwm tus cwj pwm ntws tag nrho ncaj qha thiab kev ua tiav ntawm tag nrho cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

Tsis zoo li cov kua Newtonian, uas muaj qhov viscosity tas li ntawm txhua qhov shear rate, cov pob zeb ua kom pom tseeb tsis yog Newtonian. Nws qhov kev tiv thaiv rau kev ntws tsis yog ib qho nqi ruaj khov. Lo lus "viscosity pom tseeb" piav qhia txog qhov sib piv ntawm kev siv shear stress thiab qhov shear rate tshwm sim. Qhov viscosity pom tseeb no hloov pauv raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm shear rate thiab qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom khov hauv cov khoom ncua, nrog rau qib ntawm cov khoom flocculation. Rau cov hom phiaj ua tau zoo, cov khoom ntws ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm ob-parameter qauv, uas muab cov lus piav qhia tiav thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li kev ntsuas ib tus nqi.

1.2 Cov Qauv Rheological Tseem Ceeb: Bingham thiab Dhau Mus

Cov dej ntws ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab feem ntau piav qhia thiab zoo los ntawm Bingham fluid model, uas muab ob qho kev ntsuas rheological tseem ceeb los piav qhia nws tus cwj pwm: kev ntxhov siab thiab viscosity yas. Ob qho kev ntsuas no ntes tau ob qho xwm txheej ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm cov pob zeb.

• Kev Nyuaj Siab (τ0): Qhov kev ntsuas no sawv cev rau qhov kev nyuaj siab tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau siv rau cov pob zeb tshiab ua ntej nws pib ntws. Nws yog lub zog uas xav tau los rhuav tshem cov kev sib txuas lus ib ntus, ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab pib txav mus los. Kev sib tov nrog kev nyuaj siab siab yuav hnov ​​​​​​tias tawv thiab tiv taus kev txav mus los thawj zaug, thaum kev nyuaj siab qis qhia txog kev sib tov uas ntws tau zoo thiab yuav nthuav dav raws li nws qhov hnyav.

• Yas Viscosity (μp): Qhov no yog qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv tiv taus kev ntws mus tas li thaum lub zog tso zis tau kov yeej. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm qhov nqes hav ntawm txoj kab sib raug zoo ntawm kev ntxhov siab shear thiab shear rate. Yas viscosity ntsuas qhov kev sib txhuam sab hauv thiab viscous rub hauv cov kua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov txheej txheem xws li kev twj thiab kev ua tiav.

Rau ntau daim ntawv thov siab heev, xws li cov khoom sib xyaw uas ntws tau zoo lossis cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas ua rau tuab zuj zus, cov qauv nyuaj dua xws li tus qauv Herschel-Bulkley yuav siv tau. Tus qauv no muaj peb qhov kev ntsuas rheological—kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov zis, tus coefficient sib xws, thiab tus exponent sib xws—uas tuaj yeem piav qhia txog kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov zis, viscosity sib txawv, thiab qib ntawm kev ntxhov siab-thickening. Txawm li cas los xij, rau feem ntau cov pob zeb ua vaj tse ib txwm muaj thiab kev ua haujlwm siab, tus qauv Bingham muab lub moj khaum ruaj khov thiab siv tau zoo rau kev tswj xyuas zoo.

Qhov kev vam khom rau ob qho kev ntsuas no qhia txog qhov tsis txaus ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo ib txwm muaj. Piv txwv li, qhov kev sim slump yog ib qho kev ntsuas ib qho uas yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom sib tov. Qhov no txhais tau tias kev sib tov nrog qhov slump kom raug tseem yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov yas viscosity, ua rau muaj teeb meem loj hauv qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, ob qho kev sib tov sib txawv tuaj yeem tsim cov nqi slump tib yam tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev twj lossis cov yam ntxwv tiav, vim tias ib qho yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov yas viscosity qis heev (ua rau nws nyuaj rau ua tiav) thaum lwm qhov muaj qhov siab tsis txaus (ua rau nws nyuaj rau twj). Yog li ntawd, kev sim ib qho kev ntsuas tsis txaus rau cov pob zeb niaj hnub, kev ua tau zoo, yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau qhov kev piav qhia rheological tiav dua.

Rooj 1: Cov Kev Ntsuas Rheological thiab Lawv Lub Ntsiab Lus Lub Cev

1.3 Cov Yam Tseem Ceeb Uas Cuam Tshuam Rau Qhov Viscosity

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb ua vaj tse tsis ruaj khov; lawv rhiab heev rau qhov sib piv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv. Tus tsim qauv sib tov lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los sib npaug cov khoom no kom ua tiav lub zog thiab kev ua haujlwm tau raws li qhov xav tau.

• Qhov piv ntawm cov khoom siv dej thiab cov cementitious (W/Cm): Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Qhov piv ntawm W/Cm qis dua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj zog compressive thiab durability siab dua, kuj ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom thiab cov yas viscosity ntawm qhov sib tov. Qhov kev sib raug zoo no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim cov khoom sib tov: kev ua kom muaj zog siab feem ntau los ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau, uas xav tau txoj hauv kev zoo dua rau kev tswj hwm viscosity.

• Cov Khoom Siv Sib Xyaws: Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaws uas ntxhib thiab cov pob zeb sib xyaws zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm cov pob zeb sib xyaws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj nplaum uas xav tau rau kev ua kom lubrication zoo. Cov khoom me me xav tau dej thiab cement ntau dua, yog li ua rau viscosity ntau dua. Cov duab ntawm cov khoom kuj tseem ceeb heev; cov pob zeb sib xyaws uas raug tsoo thiab sib tsoo muaj thaj chaw siab dua thiab ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm cov khoom sib xyaws ntau dua li cov pob zeb sib xyaws uas puag ncig, xav tau ntau cov tshuaj nplaum kom ua tiav tib yam kev ua haujlwm.

• Cov Khoom Siv Cementitious: Qhov zoo ntawm cov cement thiab cov khoom siv cementitious ntxiv (SCMs) xws li cov tshauv ya thiab silica fume cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov pob zeb. Cov khoom me me nrog lawv thaj chaw loj dua feem ntau ua rau flocculation thiab viscosity nce ntxiv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov duab kheej kheej ntawm cov khoom tshauv ya tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua cov roj nplua nyeem, txo cov yas viscosity thiab txhim kho kev ntws.

• Cov Tshuaj Sib Xyaws: Cov tshuaj sib xyaw yog tsim tshwj xeeb los tswj cov rheology ntawm cov pob zeb. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua kom dej tsawg thiab cov tshuaj superplasticizers ua rau cov cement tawg, txo cov dej uas xav tau rau qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab ua rau muaj zog kawg. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua kom viscosity-modifying (VMAs) yog siv los muab cov khoom sib xyaw nrog kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev ruaj khov yam tsis ntxiv dej ntxiv. Lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev sib cais hauv cov pob zeb ua kua ntau thiab rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb xws li cov pob zeb hauv dej thiab cov tshuaj shotcrete.

Qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev tsim qauv sib tov yog qhov teeb meem sib txuas ua ke. Kev xaiv kom txo qhov W/Cm piv kom nce lub zog yog ua tau kom txo qhov ua haujlwm tau los ntawm kev nce viscosity. Kev ntxiv ntawm tus superplasticizer tuaj yeem rov qab ua haujlwm tau, tab sis qhov kev ua haujlwm tshiab no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev los ntshav thiab kev sib cais. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev hloov pauv viscosity-modifying admixture yog qhov xav tau los muab qhov kev sib koom ua ke tsim nyog. Qhov kev vam khom no thiab ntau yam hloov pauv qhia tau tias cov txheej txheem sib tov pob zeb tsis yog ib qho txheej txheem yooj yim tab sis yog ib qho system nyuaj uas kev tswj hwm viscosity meej yog qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb. Kev xaiv thiab kev faib ua feem ntawm ib qho khoom cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov xav tau ntawm lwm tus, ua rau txoj hauv kev holistic, rheology-based tseem ceeb rau kev vam meej.

2. Kev Tswj Xyuas Dynamic Viscosity

2.1 Cov Kev Txwv ntawm Kev Ntsuas Ib Txwm Muaj

Qhov kev sim slump tseem yog qhov kev sim hauv thaj chaw uas siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev ntsuas qhov sib xws ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab. Qhov kev sim no feem ntau ntsuas qhov kev teb ntawm qhov sib tov rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, uas feem ntau yog qhov ua haujlwm ntawm nws qhov kev ntxhov siab. Tus nqi slump tshwm sim tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov viscosity ntawm cov yas sib tov. Qhov tsis txaus no txhais tau tias ib tus nqi slump tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tau qhov kev coj ua ntawm kev sib tov thaum lub sijhawm twj, tso, thiab ua tiav, uas nyob ntawm qhov viscosity ntawm cov yas. Rau cov ntaub ntawv siab heev xws li SCC, uas tau tsim los ntws raws li lawv qhov hnyav, siv lwm yam metric, qhov kev sim slump flow, tab sis nws tseem ntsuas tus nqi empirical uas tsis yog qhov tseeb rheological khoom. Qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov kev sim ib txwm muaj, ib qho taw tes qhia txog qhov xav tau rau txoj hauv kev tshawb fawb ntau dua.

2.2 Kev Nce Qib Hauv Kev Ntsuas Rheological

Txhawm rau kov yeej qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev sim ua haujlwm, kev tshuaj xyuas rheological niaj hnub no siv cov cuab yeej siv siab heev los ntsuas ob qho tib si kev ntxhov siab thiab yas viscosity.

• Cov Rotational Rheometers: Cov khoom siv no yog tus qauv rau kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj, muab cov kab ntws tag nrho los ntawm kev siv cov shear txuas ntxiv mus rau cov qauv pob zeb thiab ntsuas qhov torque tshwm sim. Lawv ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam geometries, suav nrog coaxial cylinders, vanes, thiab helical impellers.

2.3 Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Viscosity Tiag Tiag Thaum Lub Sijhawm Sib Tov

Lub hom phiaj kawg ntawm kev tswj viscosity yog hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem reactive, off-line mus rau qhov proactive, real-time control system. Kev sim hauv chaw kuaj off-line muaj txiaj ntsig tsawg rau kev tswj cov txheej txheem vim tias cov khoom siv pob zeb hloov pauv raws sijhawm vim yog hydration, kub, thiab keeb kwm shear. In-line, real-time saib xyuas yog tib txoj hauv kev los xyuas kom meej tias batch-to-batch sib xws hauv ib puag ncig tsim khoom dynamic.

• Cov Txheej Txheem Raws Li TorqueIb txoj kev ncaj qha thiab siv tau rau kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag suav nrog kev ntsuas lub zog ntawm lub cev muaj zog lossis lub ncej ntawm lub tshuab sib tov. Lub zog uas xav tau los tig lub tshuab sib tov yog sib npaug ncaj qha rau qhov viscosity ntawm qhov sib tov. Kev nce ntxiv ntawm lub zog qhia tias qhov ntxiv ntawm cov khoom thauj tshiab, thiab qhov poob qis qhia tias qhov sib tov tau sib xws dua. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg teb xov tooj ua qhov kev hloov kho ntawm qhov chaw kom mus txog qhov sib xws xav tau hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws.

• Cov Txuj Ci Tshiab: Cov thev naus laus zis siab heevCov ntsuas viscometersmuab kev ntsuas tas mus li, tsis sib chwv ncaj qha hauv lub tshuab sib tov lossis hauv kab. Lawv taug qab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, tshem tawm qhov xav tau kev kuaj xyuas tes thiab muab cov tsav tsheb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj xyuas zoo nrog cov lus taw qhia tam sim ntawd rau kev hloov kho thaum mus ncig.

Kev tshwm sim ntawm automation,kev ntsuas viscosity hauv kabua rau muaj kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo uas ua haujlwm sai sai mus rau kev tswj xyuas zoo ua ntej. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj, kev sib tov raug sib xyaw ua ke, thiab ib qho qauv raug coj mus rau kev sim ua kom poob qis. Yog tias qhov sib tov tsis raws li qhov tau teev tseg, cov khoom sib tov raug kho lossis tsis lees txais, ua rau lub sijhawm, lub zog, thiab cov khoom siv pov tseg. Nrog rau lub kaw lus hauv-lub sijhawm tiag tiag, cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov sib xws ntawm cov khoom sib tov tuaj yeem raug xa rov qab mus rau hauv lub kaw lus dosing tsis siv neeg. Qhov no tsim ib lub kaw lus tswj hwm kaw-loop uas coj cov khoom sib tov mus rau qhov kawg rheological xav tau, xyuas kom meej tias txhua pawg ua tau raws li cov lus qhia thiab tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tib neeg yuam kev lossis cov khoom thauj tsis lees txais. Lub tshuab teb rov qab zoo no yog qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.

2.4 Qhov Cuam Tshuam ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Sib Xyaws

Kev sib tov tsis yog ib qho txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tov cov khoom xyaw xwb; nws yog ib theem tseem ceeb uas ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm rheology thiab microstructure ntawm cov khoom sib tov tshiab.

• Kev Sib Xyaws Lub Sijhawm thiab Lub Zog:Lub sijhawm thiab qhov sib tov muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov khoom rheological. Kev sib tov tsis txaus ua rau tsis sib xws, uas ua rau cov khoom siv pob zeb tshiab thiab cov khoom siv pob zeb khov tsis zoo. Kev sib tov ntau dhau yog kev nkim zog thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom kawg puas tsuaj. Qhov sib piv dej-binder qis, tshwj xeeb, yuav tsum tau sib tov ntev dua thiab siv zog ntau dua kom ua tiav qhov sib xws.

• Kev Sib Tov Sib Xyaws:Qhov kev txiav txim uas cov ntaub ntawv raug ntxiv rau hauv lub tshuab sib tov kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg rheology. Rau qee cov tshuab sib tov, kev ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv zoo ua ntej tuaj yeem ua rau lawv lo rau ntawm cov hniav lossis kaw rau hauv cov ces kaum, cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom sib tov. Qhov kev txiav txim kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom sib tov W / Cm qis, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau kev hloov pauv.

3. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm viscosity rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab

Kev tswj hwm qhov viscosity tsis yog ib qho kev tawm dag zog uas tsis muaj tseeb; nws yog txoj hauv kev ncaj qha los tswj kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab, kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua tau raws li qhov kwv yees tau thaum lub sijhawm tso thiab sib sau ua ke.

3.1 Kev Sib Raug Zoo ntawm Viscosity-Workability

Kev ua haujlwm tau yog ib lo lus dav dav uas suav nrog qhov yooj yim uas kev sib tov tuaj yeem tuav, tso, thiab ua tiav. Nws yog qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm kev ntws thiab kev ruaj khov, thiab nws raug tswj hwm tag nrho los ntawm qhov profile rheological ntawm kev sib tov.

• Kev Pumpability: Lub peev xwm los pumping concrete mus deb lossis mus rau qhov siab heev yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yas viscosity. Cov pob zeb viscosity siab xav tau cov twj siab dua kom kov yeej kev poob kev sib txhuam, thaum cov yas viscosity qis thiab kev ntxhov siab yog qhov xav tau rau kev ntws du thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.

• Kev Tso Tau thiab Kev Sib Sau Ua Ke: Qhov viscosity kom zoo ua kom qhov sib tov tuaj yeem tso tau yooj yim, ntws mus rau hauv cov formwork nyuaj, thiab encapsulate reinforcement yam tsis muaj qhov khoob. Cov viscosity-modifying admixtures tuaj yeem ua rau lubricity ntau dua, txo cov zog uas xav tau rau kev sib sau ua ke thiab ua kom muaj kev sib tov sib xws nrog kev siv zog tsawg dua.

3.2 Xyuas kom muaj kev sib npaug thiab kev ruaj khov

Qhov sib npaug ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg. Yog tsis muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke, cov pob zeb yuav muaj ob hom kev sib cais tseem ceeb: kev los ntshav thiab kev sib cais. Viscosity yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txo cov xwm txheej no.

• Kev Los Ntshav: Ib hom kev sib cais ntawm theem me me, kev los ntshav tshwm sim thaum dej nce mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom sib tov tshiab vim tias cov khoom khov tsis tuaj yeem tuav tag nrho cov dej sib tov. Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom khov.

• Kev Sib Cais: Qhov no yog kev sib cais cov pob zeb loj loj ntawm cov mortar. Thaum qhov viscosity ntawm cov cement paste tsis txaus, cov pob zeb loj, uas ntom dua li cov paste, yuav nyob hauv qab ntawm daim formwork.

Cov kev ntsuas rheological tswj hwm cov xwm txheej no hauv ntau txoj kev sib txawv. Kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom yog qhov kev tswj hwm tseem ceeb rau kev sib cais zoo li qub, uas tshwm sim thaum cov khoom sib tov so. Kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov khoom siab txaus tiv thaiv cov khoom me me kom tsis txhob poob rau hauv qab lawv qhov hnyav. Yas viscosity, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog qhov kev tswj hwm tseem ceeb rau kev sib cais dynamic, uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ntws lossis kev co. Yas viscosity siab dua muab kev sib koom ua ke uas xav tau los tiv thaiv cov khoom hnyav dua los ntawm kev txav mus rau qhov muab tshuaj txhuam.

Kev ua kom tau qhov sib tov uas ntws tau zoo thaum tiv thaiv kev sib cais yog ib qho kev ua kom sib npaug zoo. Rau cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov pob zeb uas sib sau ua ke, qhov sib tov yuav tsum muaj qhov kev ntxhov siab tsawg txaus kom ntws tau raws li nws qhov hnyav tab sis muaj viscosity yas siab txaus kom tiv taus kev sib cais dynamic thaum muab tso rau thiab tseem muaj qhov kev ntxhov siab txaus kom tiv taus kev sib cais static tom qab muab tso rau. Qhov kev xav tau tib lub sijhawm no yog qhov teeb meem kev ua kom zoo dua uas vam khom kev nkag siab meej txog rheology thiab kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw zoo li VMAs los muab qhov kev sib koom ua ke tsim nyog.

3.3 Ua tiav qhov tiav zoo tshaj plaws

Kev tswj hwm viscosity kom zoo yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm qhov chaw.

• Qhov Zoo Ntawm Qhov Chaw: Qhov viscosity uas tswj tau zoo yuav tiv thaiv kev los ntshav ntau dhau, uas tuaj yeem tsim ib txheej tsis muaj zog, dej (laitance) ntawm qhov chaw uas ua rau lub zog thiab kev zoo nkauj tsis zoo.

• Kev Tawm Ntawm Cov Npuas Cua: Yuav tsum muaj cov yas viscosity txaus kom cov npuas cua uas raug kaw tawm thaum lub sijhawm sib sau ua ke, tiv thaiv cov qhov khoob thiab ua kom muaj qhov chaw du thiab ntom. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov viscosity siab dhau yuav ntes cov npuas cua, ua rau muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li ua zes qe.

Rooj 2: Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm viscosity rau cov khoom siv pob zeb tshiab

4. Qhov Txuas Ua Rau: Los Ntawm Qhov Viscosity Mus Rau Qhov Zoo Ntawm Cov Khoom Kawg

Kev tswj cov khoom siv pob zeb tshiab los ntawm kev tswj viscosity tsis yog qhov kawg hauv nws tus kheej; nws yog qhov tsim nyog ua ntej kom ua tiav lub zog tsim, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom kawg, khov.

4.1 Kev Sib Txuas Lus Sib Npaug-Lub Zog

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb tshiab cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo thiab lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb khov. Kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb khov, xws li lub zog compressive, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog tsis tau tswj hwm lub xeev tshiab ua ntej. Lub zog theoretical ntawm cov khoom sib tov pob zeb feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws qhov sib piv dej-cement. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, lub zog pom tseeb ntawm ib qho qauv yog nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv tau faib ua ke li cas hauv cov khoom sib tov.

Hauv kev sib tov tshiab, yog tias qhov viscosity qis dhau, cov aggregates hnyav dua yuav poob, thiab dej yuav ntws mus rau saum npoo.

Qhov no tsim cov cheeb tsam uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm W/Cm: qhov sib piv siab dua hauv cov txheej sab saud (los ntawm kev los ntshav) thiab qhov sib piv qis dua hauv cov txheej hauv qab (los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke). Yog li ntawd, cov pob zeb ua kom tawv yuav tsis yog cov khoom sib xws nrog lub zog sib xws. Cov txheej sab saud, nrog lawv cov porosity siab dua los ntawm kev los ntshav, yuav qaug zog dua thiab permeable dua, thaum cov txheej qis dua yuav muaj cov voids thiab honeycombing los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke tsis zoo thiab kev sib cais. Kev tswj hwm viscosity hauv lub xeev tshiab zoo ib yam li "xauv hauv" lub zog ntawm kev tsim sib xyaw los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev sib xws thiab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem no los ntawm kev tsim. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog ua ntej rau kev ua tiav lub zog tsim thiab kev ruaj khov.

4.2 Cov Qhov, Qhov Ceev, thiab Kev Ruaj Khov

Kev tswj hwm viscosity zoo yog qhov kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tiv thaiv cov qhov tsis zoo uas cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov qauv.

• Kev Txo Qhov Sib Nraus Thiab Qhov Tsis Muaj Qhov: Kev sib xyaw nrog qhov sib npaug ntawm rheological profile - txaus ntws tau los sau cov ntawv tab sis nrog qhov viscosity qis txaus kom tso cai rau huab cua uas raug kaw tawm - yog qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kev sib nraus thiab qhov tsis muaj qhov. Cov qhov tsis zoo no tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev xwb tab sis kuj ua rau nws cov qauv tsis zoo los ntawm kev tsim cov chaw tsis muaj zog uas tuaj yeem khaws cov dej noo.

• Qhov Porosity thiab Permeability: Kev los ntshav thiab kev sib cais tsim cov channel thiab voids hauv cov matrix concrete, uas ua rau nws qhov porosity thiab permeability nce ntxiv. Kev nce permeability tso cai rau kev nkag mus ntawm dej, chlorides, thiab lwm yam ions tsis zoo, uas tuaj yeem ua rau xeb ntawm cov hlau reinforcing thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm freeze-thaw. Kev siv cov viscosity-modifying admixtures tau pom tias txo cov coefficients thauj mus los ntev no los ntawm kev nce viscosity ntawm cov kua pore hauv cov pob zeb khov.

5. Cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam thiab kev siv tau

Kev tswj hwm qhov viscosity meej yog qhov kev txhawb nqa zoo uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov neeg tsim khoom siv pob zeb los ntawm kev txo cov khib nyiab, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab txo cov nqi tag nrho.

5.1 Kev Txo Nqi Uas Ntsuas Tau

• Txo Cov Khib Nyhiab thiab Cov Khoom Tsis Pub Dhau: Kev saib xyuas qhov viscosity tiag tiag ua rau cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov "kawg" ntawm cov txheej txheem sib tov kom raug thiab ntseeg tau, tiv thaiv kev sib tov ntau dhau thiab xyuas kom meej tias txhua pawg ua tau raws li cov lus qhia. Qhov no txo ​​cov khoom pov tseg thiab tus lej ntawm cov khoom tsis pub dhau, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tus nqi thiab kev lav phib xaub.

• Txuag Zog thiab Lub Sijhawm: Kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem sib tov los ntawm kev tswj viscosity txuag tau ob qho tib si lub sijhawm thiab lub zog. Cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib tov ntau dhau, uas yog kev pov tseg ob qho tib si lub sijhawm thiab hluav taws xob, thiab nws tuaj yeem ntes tau kev sib tov tsawg dhau, tiv thaiv qhov xav tau kev ua haujlwm kim.

5.2 Ua kom kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws

• Kev Tsim Khoom Yooj Yim: Kev saib xyuas viscosity tam sim ntawd ua rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yooj yim dua, txo qhov xav tau kev kuaj thiab kuaj tes uas siv sijhawm ntau. Qhov no tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tswj xyuas zoo kom tswj hwm lawv cov pab pawg thiab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, txawm tias los ntawm qhov chaw nyob deb.

• Cov Kev Xav Tau Tsawg Dua Rau Kev Ua Haujlwm: Kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw uas tswj hwm los ntawm kev sib txhuam, tshwj xeeb yog SCC, tuaj yeem txo lossis tshem tawm qhov xav tau kev co tes thiab kev sib sau ua ke. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov neeg ua haujlwm me dua, uas ua rau txuag tau nyiaj ntau rau kev ua haujlwm.

• Tsawg Dua Cov Lus Tsis Txaus Siab thiab Cov Luag Haujlwm ntawm Cov Neeg Siv Khoom: Kev tsim cov pob zeb ua vaj tse zoo thiab ruaj khov txo cov lus tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov nuj nqis kim thiab kev foob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov qauv tsis zoo lossis kev ua tsis tiav.

5.3 Tus nqi khoom siv thiab kev ua tau zoo

• Lwm Txoj Kev Xaiv Uas Pheej Yig: Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke xws li cov tshauv ya lossis cov cement slag ua ib feem hloov rau cov cement tuaj yeem ua tiav cov khoom rheological xav tau thaum tseem pheej yig dua (txuag tau 30-40% hauv qee kis).

• Kev Siv VMA Zoo: Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas hloov pauv viscosity tuaj yeem kim heev, kev tsim cov tshuaj sib xyaw tshiab, pheej yig dua thiab lub peev xwm siv lawv hauv cov koob tshuaj raws li cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua.

6. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv Tau Rau Kev Lag Luam

Rau cov neeg tsim khoom siv ua vaj tse thiab cov tuam txhab tsim kho kom paub txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tswj hwm viscosity, yuav tsum muaj kev hloov pauv zoo hauv ob qho tib si txoj hauv kev thiab thev naus laus zis.

6.1 Kev Kho Kom Zoo Rau Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Viscosity

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim cov khoom sib tov yog kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm lub zog, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no, cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem tswj hwm qhov viscosity.

• Tswj Qhov Sib Piv Dej-Cement: Qhov sib piv W/Cm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog thiab teeb tsa lub hauv paus rau qhov sib tov viscosity. Lub hom phiaj W/Cm ntawm 0.45-0.6 feem ntau suav tias yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev ua haujlwm dav dav, tab sis qhov no tuaj yeem txo qis rau cov ntawv thov muaj zog nrog kev siv cov tshuaj sib xyaw txo dej.

• Txhim Kho Qhov Kev Sib Sau Ua Ke: Siv cov pob zeb sib xyaw uas tau muab qib zoo kom txo qhov yuav tsum tau muab nplaum thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Sim cov pob zeb sib xyaw tsis tu ncua rau cov dej noo, qhov zoo, thiab cov duab kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib xws ntawm ib pawg mus rau ib pawg.

• Kev Siv Cov Khoom Uas Zoo: Ua kom cov khoom uas zoo ntxiv (piv txwv li, nrog cov tshauv ya, cov cement slag, lossis silica fume) kom zoo dua qub thiab ruaj khov yam tsis tas ntxiv dej ntxiv. Lub duab kheej kheej ntawm cov hmoov tshauv ya, tshwj xeeb, ua rau lubricity zoo dua thiab txo qhov xav tau VMAs kim dua.

Rooj 3: Kev Kho Kom Zoo Rau Kev Tswj Xyuas Rheology

6.2 Kev Siv Cov Tshuaj Sib Xyaws Zoo

Cov tshuaj admixtures yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov pob zeb thiab yuav tsum tau siv kom zoo kom ua tau raws li cov hom phiaj kev ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb.

• Cov Tshuaj Superplasticizers: Rau cov khoom sib xyaw uas xav tau kev ntws siab thiab lub zog, siv cov tshuaj txo dej siab kom ua tiav qhov kev ua haujlwm xav tau ntawm qhov sib piv W/Cm qis.

• Cov Tshuaj Sib Xyaws Hloov Kho Viscosity (VMAs): Siv VMAs rau cov khoom sib xyaw uas xav tau kev tiv taus kev sib cais siab, xws li SCC, cov pob zeb hauv qab dej, thiab cov dej ntws ntsug siab. Lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev muab kev sib koom ua ke thiab rau kev txo cov teebmeem ntawm cov pob zeb hnyav lossis cov pob zeb sib txawv.

• Cov Khoom Sib Xyaws Sim Tseem Ceeb: Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab lwm yam khoom sib xyaw. Ib txwm ua cov khoom sib xyaw sim kom txiav txim siab qhov ntau npaum li cas zoo tshaj plaws rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.

6.3 Lub moj khaum Tswj Xyuas Zoo Niaj Hnub

Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm kev tiv thaiv mus rau kev tswj xyuas zoo yog kauj ruam kawg hauv kev tswj hwm viscosity zoo.

• Hloov ntawm Slump mus rau Rheology: Rau cov khoom sib xyaw niaj hnub no, txav mus dhau qhov kev sim slump kom suav nrog cov kev ntsuam xyuas rheological uas nyuaj dua, xws li cov rheometers tig hauv chav kuaj lossis cov kev sim slump hloov kho hauv thaj teb uas ntsuas ob qho tib si qhov siab slump thiab lub sijhawm ntws slump.

• Txais Kev Saib Xyuas Hauv Kab: Nqis peev rau hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, cov ntsuas viscosity thiab torque hauv kab los saib xyuas kev sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom sib xws, txo cov khib nyiab, thiab ua kom zoo dua qub.

• Tsim Cov Npe Tshuaj Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo: Tsim cov qauv uas dhau qhov kev sim kev poob qis thiab kev sim lub zog ib txwm muaj. Saib xyuas cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb xws li cov dej noo sib xyaw, qhov kub ntawm kev sib tov, thiab lub sijhawm sib tov ua ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas zoo tag nrho.

Kev tswj hwm qhov viscosity tsis yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb ntxiv lawm; nws yog ib qho kev txawj ntse tseem ceeb rau cov neeg tsim khoom siv niaj hnub thiab cov tuam txhab tsim kho. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, kev sim mus rau kev tshawb fawb, kev siv rheology muab txoj hauv kev meej rau kev tsim kho tshiab, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tus qauv tshiab ntawm kev zoo hauv kev lag luam siv cov pob zeb. Los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag, kev nkag siab txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom sib tov, thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas zoo, cov tuam txhab tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib tov sib xyaw tshiab uas zoo sib xws, tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Qhov kev tswj hwm ua ntej no ua haujlwm ua qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej kom ua tiav lub zog tsim thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv tawv. Thaum ua li ntawd, nws tso cai rau kev ua lag luam zoo dua thiab kev kwv yees tau, thaum kawg muab qhov zoo dua hauv kev lag luam uas xav tau thiab hloov pauv.