Ekukhiqizweni kwe-emulsion, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kunquma ngqo ukusebenza komkhiqizo, isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Enye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo yi-i-emulsion viscosityngisho nokushintshashintsha okuncane kwe-viscosity kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, ukuthungwa okungaguquki, noma izidingo zokusetshenziswa kokugcina ezihlulekile.
Lesi sixazululo sigxile ekutheni kanjaniama-viscometer e-emulsion angaphakathiukubhekana nezinselele kulo lonke ukulawulwa kwenqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthii-emulsion viscosityekukhiqizeni okuqhubekayo kanye nokuguqula ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okusabelayo kube ukuphathwa kwenqubo okusebenzayo.
Ayini Ama-Emulsion?
I-emulsion iyinhlanganisela ehlukahlukene yoketshezi olubili olungaxubeki (isb., uwoyela namanzi), lapho uketshezi olulodwa (isigaba esihlakazekile) luqhekeka lube amaconsi amancane bese lulenga kwesinye (isigaba esiqhubekayo). Lokhu kuzinza kwale ngxube kuncike kuma-emulsifiers—izinto ezinciphisa ukungezwani kobuso phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili futhi zivimbele ukuhlangana kwamaconsi.
Izici ezibalulekile ze-emulsions ezixhumene ngqoi-emulsion viscosityfaka:
- Ukwakheka kwesigaba: Isilinganiso sokuhlakazeka kuya esigabeni esiqhubekayo sithinta ngqo i-viscosity (isb., okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamafutha ku-emulsion yamafutha-amanzi kuyandai-viscosity ye-emulsion yamanzi kawoyela).
- Usayizi wamaconsi: Amaconsi amancane adala ukungqubuzana okukhulu phakathi kwezigaba, okuholela ekuqineni okuphezulu; amaconsi amakhulu, ahlanganisiwe anciphisa ukuqineka kanye nokungazinzi kwesignali.
- Uhlobo lwe-emulsifier kanye nokuhlushwa: Ama-emulsifier ahlukene (isb., ama-surfactant, ama-polymers) ashintsha ungqimba oluphakathi oluzungeze amaconsi, okushintsha izakhiwo zokugeleza kwe-emulsion (futhi ngaleyo ndlela i-viscosity yayo).
Izinhlobo ze-Emulsions
Ukuqondaizinhlobo ze-emulsionkubalulekile ekukhetheni okulungilei-emulsion viscometer, njengoba uhlobo ngalunye lunezindlela ezihlukile zokuthambekela kokuthambekela kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza. Izigaba ezivame kakhulu zifaka:
Ngokuklanywa Kwesigaba
- Ama-Emulsion kawoyela emanzini (O/W): Isigaba esiqhubekayo singamanzi, kanti isigaba esihlakazekile singamafutha (isb., ubisi, izinto zokugcoba ubuso). Lawa ma-emulsion ngokuvamile anezinga eliphansii-viscosity ye-emulsion yamanzi kawoyelauma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ze-W/O, njengoba amanzi engacwebezeli kangako kunamafutha amaningi.
- Ama-Emulsion Amanzi Angaphakathi Kwamafutha (Angenawo): Isigaba esiqhubekayo uwoyela, kanti isigaba esihlakazekile ngamanzi (isb., ibhotela, uwoyela wemoto).i-emulsion viscosityivame ukuba phezulu ngenxa yesigaba samafutha esiqhubekayo esijiyile.
- Ama-Emulsion amaningi: Izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge-oyela emanzini ku-oyela (O/W/O) noma amanzi emanzini (W/O/W) (isb., imithi ekhishwa ngokulawulwa). Lezi zinamaphrofayili e-viscosity ahlukene adinga ukuqapha okunembile, ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kugwenywe ukuwohloka kwesigaba.
- Ama-Macroemulsion: Ubukhulu bamaconsi busukela ku-0.1–10 μm; awabonakali kahle futhi anokuthambekela okuzinzile uma enziwe kahle.
- Ama-Microemulsion: Usayizi wamaconsi < 0.1 μm; acacile futhi aphansii-emulsion ye-viscosityngenxa yokuxhumana okuncane kwamaconsi.
- Ama-Nanoemulsion: Usayizi wamaconsi angu-10–100 nm; alinganisela ukuqina kanye nokuchachamba, okwenza avame kakhulu ezimonyweni nasezimithini ezisebenza kahle.
Ngosayizi Weconsi
Izindlela Zokucubungula Ama-Emulsion – Enziwa Kanjani Ama-Emulsion?
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-emulsion kuyinqubo enezinyathelo eziningi lapho isigaba ngasinye sithonya khona okokugcinai-emulsion viscosity; ukucubungula okuqhubekayo kungenzeka kuphela ngempendulo ye-viscosity yesikhathi sangempela. Ukuhamba komsebenzi okuvamile kuhlanganisa:
Ukucubungula kwangaphambili
- Ukulungiselela Izinto Ezingavuthiwe: Linganisa bese ufudumeza uwoyela, amanzi, kanye nama-emulsifiers ekushiseni okuqondiwe (ngokuvamile 50–80°C) ukuze unciphise i-viscosity futhi uthuthukise ukuxubana. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa lapha kungabangela ukushintsha kwe-viscosity kwasekuqaleni, ngakho-ke ukuhlanganisa i-i-emulsion ye-viscosityIsikrini esinenzwa yokushisa sibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukuncipha: Susa amabhamuza omoya ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, njengoba umoya ovalelekile wehlisa ukujiya okulinganiselwe futhi kuholela ekufundweni okunganembile (ngakho-ke ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okungekuhle).
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwe-Emulsification (Isigaba Esiyinhloko)
Lesi sinyathelo sihlukanisa isigaba esihlakazekile sibe amaconsi amancane bese sihlanganisa nesigaba esiqhubekayo—umshayeli oyinhloko wokugcinai-viscosity ye-emulsion yamanzi kawoyela:
- Ukuxuba Ukugunda Okusheshayo Okuphezulu: Isebenzisa abaxubi be-rotor-stator ukukhiqiza ukugunda okunamandla; amazinga aphezulu okugunda anciphisa usayizi wamaconsi futhi andise i-viscosity (kuze kufike eqophelweni, ngemuva kwalokho ukugunda okwengeziwe kuba nomphumela omncane).
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Homogenization: Isebenzisa ama-homogenizer anomfutho ophezulu (10–100 MPa) ukudala amaconsi afanayo; lesi sinyathelo sivame kakhulu kubisi kanye nemithi, lapho kuvumelana khonai-emulsion viscosityakuxoxiswana ngakho.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Ultrasonic: Isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuphula amaconsi; ilungele ama-nanoemulsions, lapho ukulawulwa okunembile kwe-viscosity kuvimbela ukuhlangana kwamaconsi.
- Ukupholisa: Yehlisa izinga lokushisa le-emulsion liye ekamelweni noma endaweni yokugcina; i-viscosity ivame ukukhuphuka njengoba i-emulsion iphola, ngakho-ke ukuqapha okuqondile kuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso.
- Ukufakwa Okungeziwe: Engeza izithako zokulondoloza, amakha, noma izithako ezisebenzayo; lokhu kungashintsha i-viscosity (isb., izithako zokuqinisa ziyandai-emulsion ye-viscosity), ezidinga ukulungiswa okusheshayo.
- Ukuhlunga: Susa izinhlayiya ezinkulu noma amaconsi angahlanganisiwe; ukwehla kwe-viscosity okungazelelwe lapha kungabonisa ukuvaleka kwesihlungi noma ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba.
Ngemva Kokucubungula
Izisekelo zokuzinza kwe-emulsion
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Izinselele Ekunqumeni Ukuthambekela Okuqhubekayo Kwe-Emulsions
Kwabanjiniyela bezinqubo kanye nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe, okuqhubekayoi-emulsion viscosityUkuqapha kubhekene nezingqinamba ezihlukile amathuluzi endabuko (isb., ama-viscometer angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, amashubhu e-capillary engilazi) angenakuzinqoba. Lezi zinselele zifaka:
- Isikhathi Sokugqwala Ngokuhlola Okungaxhunyiwe Ku-inthanethiIzindlela ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi zidinga ukusampula, ukuthutha, kanye nokuhlaziya amasampula— inqubo ethatha imizuzu eyi-15-60. Ekukhiqizeni okuqhubekayo, lokhu kubambezeleka kusho ukuthi izinkinga ze-viscosity zitholakala sekwephuzile kakhulu ukusindisa amaqoqo aphelele, okuholela ekuchithekeni okubizayo.
- Ukuhlanekezelwa kwesampula: Uma kwenziwa isampula kusuka emgqeni wokukhiqiza,i-viscosity ye-emulsion yamanzi kawoyelaizinguquko ezibangelwa ukulahlekelwa izinga lokushisa, ukwehla kwesilinganiso sokucheba, noma ukuhlangana kwamaconsi. Ngakho-ke ukufundwa kwelebhu akubonisi i-viscosity yangempela emugqeni, okuholela ekulungisweni kwenqubo okungalungile.
- Izimo Zokukhiqiza Ezinzima: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-emulsion kuvame ukuhilela amazinga okushisa aphezulu (<450°C, ngokwezincazelo ezivamile zomkhakha), ukucindezela okuphezulu (> 10 MPa kwezinye izimo), kanye nezithako ezigqwalisayo (isb., izigaba zamanzi ane-asidi). Izinzwa zendabuko ziyahluleka ngokushesha lapha, njengoba zintula ukuvikelwa okuqinile noma ukuhambisana kwezinto.
- Ukuziphatha Koketshezi Okungeyona I-NewtonianAma-emulsion amaningi awawona ama-Newtonian— awoi-emulsion ye-viscosityizinguquko ngesilinganiso sokucheba (isb., ama-emulsion okunciphisa ukucheba ayancipha njengoba ukucheba kukhuphuka). Ama-viscometer angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ahlola amazinga okucheba angaguquki, ngakho awakwazi ukubamba izinguquko ze-dynamic viscosity ezenzeka kumaphampu, kuma-mixer, noma kumapayipi.
- Ukulungiswa Kwezinzwa Nokungcoliswa Kwezinzwa: Ama-emulsion angashiya insalela ezindaweni zezinzwa, ikakhulukazi uma equkethe izinto eziqinile (isb. izimonyo ezigcwele izinhlayiya). Lokhu kungcolisa kuphazamisa ukufundwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi izinzwa ezidinga ukuhlukaniswa njalo ukuze zihlanzwe ziphazamisa ukukhiqizwa.
I-Lonnmeter Vibrational Viscometer – Isixazululo Esisemgqeni Sokugoba Kwe-Emulsion
Ukuze kuxazululwe izinselele ezingenhla,I-viscometer yenqubo esemgqeni we-Lonnmeteryakhelwe ngqo ukuqhubekai-emulsion viscosityUkuqapha. Kuyindlela ehamba phambili yabakhiqizi be-emulsion ngoba ihlanganisa ukusebenza okuqinile, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwe-emulsion ethile, kanye namakhono okulawula ngesikhathi sangempela— okubalulekile kumaqembu okuphatha ukukhiqiza agxile ekuthuthukisweni okulinganiselwe.
Amapharamitha Ayisihluthulelo (Aklanyelwe Ukukhiqiza i-Emulsion)
Imininingwane yeLonnmeter ixazulula ngqo izinselele zokuqapha i-emulsion viscosity, iqinisekisa ukunemba nokuthembeka ezimweni ezinzima noma eziguquguqukayo:
| Ipharamitha | Imininingwane | Kungani Kubalulekile Nge-Emulsions |
| Ububanzi be-Viscosity | 1 – 1,000,000 cP | Ihlanganisa konkeizinhlobo ze-emulsion(kusukela kuma-microemulsions anokuvinjelwa okuphansi kuya kuma-creams ane-viscosity ephezulu). |
| Ukunemba | ±3.0% | Iqinisekisai-emulsion viscosityihlala ngaphakathi kwezilinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile (isb., ±5% ye-emulsion yemithi). |
| Ukuphindaphinda | ±1% | Iqeda ukufundwa okungalingani okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwamaconsi e-emulsion. |
| Ukumelana Nokushisa | < 450°C | Imelana nezinyathelo zokufaka i-emulsification ezishisa kakhulu (isb., ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha ezimbonini). |
| Ibanga Lokucindezela Kwenzwa | < 6.4 MPa (eyenzelwe wena nge->10 MPa) | Ivumelana nemigqa ye-homogenization enomfutho ophezulu, laphoi-viscosity ye-emulsion yamanzi kawoyelakubalulekile. |
| Izinto | 316 Insimbi Engagqwali (ejwayelekile) | Iyamelana nokugqwala okuvela ezigabeni ze-acidic noma ze-alkaline emulsion, ivimbela ukuwohloka kwenzwa. |
| Izinga Lokuvikela | I-IP68 (inzwa) / IP67 (i-elekthronikhi) | Ivikela emanzini, uthuli, kanye nokuchitheka kwe-emulsion ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezingcolile. |
| Izinga Elingavimbeli Ukuqhuma | I-ExdIIBT4 | Kuphephile ukusetshenziswa emigqeni ye-emulsion esekelwe ku-petrochemical noma ku-solvent (isb., ama-emulsifiers ase-oilfield). |
| Isikhathi Sokuphendula Ngesignali | 5s | Ibamba ukushintsha okusheshayo kwe-viscosity (isb., ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-emulsifier) futhi ibangele ukulungiswa okusheshayo. |
| Umphumela | 4 – 20 mADC (ukujiya/izinga lokushisa) + i-Modbus | Ihlangana nezinhlelo ze-PLC noma ze-SCADA zokulawula inqubo okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokurekhoda idatha. |
Isimiso Sokusebenza – Esakhelwe Ukuziphatha Kokugeleza Kwe-Emulsion
Isimiso sokusebenza seLonnmeter sibhekana nesimo esingeyona i-Newtonian kanye nesimo esiguquguqukayo se-emulsions, siqinisekisa ukuthi inembilei-emulsion ye-viscosityukufundwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa:
- Inzwa egobile ye-viscometer ijikeleza nge-axial ngemvamisa ehleliwe. Njengoba i-emulsion igeleza phezu kwenzwa, uketshezi luyagundwa—kulingisa amazinga okugunda atholakala emigqeni yokukhiqiza yangempela (isb., amaphampu, abaxubi).
- Izinguquko kui-emulsion viscosityshintsha amandla alahlekile ngesikhathi sokunyakaza: i-viscosity ephezulu idala ukumelana okwengeziwe, okwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla; i-viscosity ephansi inciphisa ukumelana.
- Isekethe ye-elekthronikhi yesenzwa ithola lokhu kulahlekelwa kwamandla, ikuguqulele kunani le-viscosity, bese idlulisela idatha ngesikhathi sangempela (nge-4–20 mADC noma i-Modbus).
- Ngokungafani nama-viscometer endabuko, ayinazo izingxenye ezihambayo, izivalo, noma amabheringi. Lo mklamo uqeda ukungcola okuvela ezinsaleleni ze-emulsion (akukho mifantu yokwakheka) futhi unciphisa ukugcinwa—okubalulekile ekukhiqizweni okuqhubekayo amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto.
Funda Ngamamitha Obuningi Engeziwe
Amamitha Ezinqubo Engeziwe Ku-inthanethi
Izinzuzo ze-Inline Emulsion Viscometer (i-Lonnmeter) zabakhiqizi be-Emulsion
Kuma-departments kanye nonjiniyela bokwenza ngcono izinqubo, i-Lonnmeter iletha izinzuzo ezibonakalayo, ezingabalwa ezithuthukisa ngqo ikhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko— konke kugxile ekuqondeni okunembilei-emulsion viscosityukulawula:
Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Okuqondile Ne-Emulsion
- Iphatha Amanzi Angewona Awe-Newtonian: Ngokugunda i-emulsion ngamanani okugunda asemgqeni, inikeza okunembilei-viscosity ye-emulsion yamanzi kawoyelaukufundwa okuhambisana nezimo zokukhiqiza zangempela—hhayi izilungiselelo zelebhu kuphela.
- Iyamelana Nezimo Ezinzima: Insimbi engagqwali engu-316, ukuvikelwa kwe-IP68, kanye nokubekezelela izinga lokushisa/ukucindezela okuphezulu kusho ukuthi isebenza ngokuthembeka kuzo zonke izindawo zokukhiqiza i-emulsion, kusukela ekucubungulweni kokudla (izidingo zokuhlanza endaweni) kuya kumakhemikhali e-petrochemical (imimoya eqhumayo).
- Iqeda Imfucuza Yamaqoqo: Ukufundwa kwe-viscosity okusheshayo kuvumela opharetha ukuthi balungise amapharamitha (isb., umthamo we-emulsifier, izinga lokushefa) ngemizuzwana— ngaphambi kokuba kukhiqizwe i-emulsion engahambisani.
- Iqinisekisa Ukungaguquguquki: ±1% ukuphindaphindwa kusho ukuthi yonke inqwaba inokulinganai-emulsion ye-viscosity, ukunciphisa izikhalazo zamakhasimende kanye nokulungisa kabusha.
- Kunciphisa Umsebenzi Wezandla: Akusekho ukusampula ngesandla noma ukuhlaziywa kwelebhu— okukhulula ochwepheshe emisebenzini ebiza kakhulu.
- Izenzakalela Ukulungiswa Kwenqubo: Ihlangana nama-PLC ukuze ilungise ngokuzenzakalelayo amapharamitha (isb., ukwandisa ingcindezi ye-homogenizer uma i-viscosity yehla)— ukunciphisa iphutha lomuntu nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto.
- Idatha Yokugoba KwamalogiIzitolo zokukhipha zeModbusi-emulsion viscositykanye nedatha yokushisa, okubalulekile ekuhambisaneni nomthetho (isb., izidingo ze-FDA ze-emulsions yemithi) noma ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yezimpande (isb., ukulandelela ukuthi kungani i-viscosity ikhuphuke ngokushintsha kokugcina).
- Ama-alamu Okubangela: Ama-alamu asheshayo axwayisa opharetha nge-viscosity engaphandle kwe-spec, okuvimbela ukungasebenzi okubizayo noma ukwehluleka kwe-batch.
Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yesikhathi Sangempela
Ukusebenza Kahle Kokusebenza
Ukulandelelwa Kwedatha Nokuhambisana Nemithetho
Uma ithimba lakho lokukhiqiza i-emulsion selikulungele ukushintsha kusuka ekuphenduleni kuya ekuqalisenii-emulsion viscosityukulawula— nokunciphisa imfucuza, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle— sekuyisikhathi sokucela ikhotheshini yeLonnmeter emugqenii-emulsion viscometerCela ikhotheshini yakho namuhla ukuze uqale ukuthuthukisa ukulawula ikhwalithi yefomula yakho ye-emulsion— futhi uthole isilinganiso esifanayoi-viscosity ye-emulsion yamanzi kawoyelaamakhasimende akho alindele.
