Ukulinganiswa kwe-polymeter viscosity kungenza noma kuphule yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza yokwenziwa kwe-PET. Kulabo abagxile embonini ye-PET, ukushintsha kusuka ezindleleni ezilukhuni zesandla kuya kubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu obuhambisanayo kuphawula igxathu elibalulekile elibheke ekusebenzeni kahle, ikhwalithi, kanye nokusimama.I-Viscometer ye-Lonnmeter Tuning Forkkuvela njengoshintsho lomdlalo, okunikeza ukuqonda kwesikhathi sangempela mayelanai-polymer viscosityezinika amandla abakhiqizi ukuthi bathuthukise zonke izici zokusebenza kwabo.
Ukubaluleka Kokulinganiswa Kokuthamba Kwe-PET
Ii-viscosity ye-polymernjenge-PET akuyona nje inombolo, echaza ukuthi i-polymer encibilikisiwe igeleza kanjani, ukuthi amabhodlela agcina kanjani ukuma kwawo, noma ukuthi imicu igcina kanjani amandla ayo.ukulinganiswa kwe-polymer viscosityiqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yakho ye-PET ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuqina, ukucaca, kanye nokusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokupakisha, izindwangu, kanye nepulasitiki yobunjiniyela. Ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokulinganisa i-inline intrinsic viscosity elithuthukisiwe, uthola ikhono lokuvimbela amaphutha, ukunciphisa imfucuza, ikakhulukazi uma ufaka i-PET ephinde yasetshenziswa (rPET).
Kuyini i-Polyethylene Terephthalate?
I-Polyethylene terephthalate, noma i-PET, iyi-polyester ye-thermoplastic ezalwa yi-polycondensation ye-terephthalic acid kanye ne-ethylene glycol, edume ngenhlanganisela yayo eyingqayizivele yezakhiwo. Isithiyo sayo esiqinile ngokumelene namagesi kanye nomswakama, kanye namandla aphezulu omshini kanye nokucaca kokukhanya, kwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo kukho konke kusukela emabhodleleni eziphuzo kuya ezingxenyeni zezimoto.i-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETihlobene ngqo nesisindo sayo sama-molecule, okunquma ukuthi ifanele yini imicu yendwangu ene-viscosity ephansi (0.4–0.7 dL/g) noma amazinga ebhodlela ane-viscosity ephezulu (0.7–0.85 dL/g). Njengoba ubude beketanga bukhula ngesikhathi sokwenziwa, kanjalo ne-i-viscosity ye-polymer, ekwakheni ukucutshungulwa kwayo futhi kuvumela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenzelwe wena ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zemboni, okuhlanganisa nokuhlanganiswa okukhulayo kwezinto ezisetshenzisiwe.
Kuyini i-Intrinsic Viscosity ye-PET
Ii-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETkuyisilinganiso esibalulekile esihlukanisa umnikelo wama-molecule e-polymer ekuziphatheni kokugeleza, okuvezwa ngama-deciliter ngegremu (dL/g). Sibonisa ivolumu ye-hydrodynamic yamaketanga e-PET esixazululweni esincibilikisiwe, sisebenza njengesibonakaliso esithembekile sesisindo sama-molecule ngaphandle kwemiphumela edidayo yokuhlushwa. Isibonelo, amazinga ezindwangu ngokuvamile asukela ku-0.4 kuya ku-0.7 dL/g, kuyilapho amapulasitiki obunjiniyela edinga u-1.0 kuya ku-2.0 dL/g. Le pharamitha iqondisa abaprosesa ekubikezeleni ukuziphatha kokuncibilika, amandla omshini, kanye nokufaneleka kwezicelo ezithile. Ukwehluka kokukristali noma ukuwohloka kungaguquguqukai-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PET, okwenza ukulinganisa okunembile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kokubili emifudlaneni ye-PET engeyona eyemvelo neyasetshenziswa kabusha, ukuvikela ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuthembeka kwenqubo.
ukujiya kwangaphakathi kwesilwane
I-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PET kuye ngokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani
Indlela Yokulinganisa Ukuqina Kwangaphakathi Kwe-PET Ngokuqhubekayo
Ukulinganisa i-viscosity yangaphakathi kwesikhathi sangempela yokushintsha kwe-PET kusuka endleleni edinga amandla amaningi kuya endleleni eqhubekayo, okunikeza iwindi lesikhathi sangempela enqubweni yokwenza i-polymerization.isixazululo esincibilikisayo se-viscosity sama-polymerukuhlolwa, kusetshenziswa ama-viscometer engilazi e-capillary, kudinga ukulungiswa kwesampula ngesandla kanye nomthamo omkhulu we-solvent, okunciphisa ukukhiqizwa.
Emugqeniama-viscometer e-polymer, njengeLonnmeter, iguqula lokhu ngokuhlanganisa ngqo kuma-reactor noma emigqeni yokukhipha, ilinganisai-polymer viscosityngokusebenzisa ukushintsha kwemvamisa ezwakalayo ku-sensor ye-tuning fork. Ama-aliquot amancane esampula ahlaziywa njalo, ngezilinganiso ze-viscosity ezilinganiselwe ezibalwa futhi zithathwe njenge-extrapolated ku-i-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETkusetshenziswa amamodeli afana ne-Solomon-Cutà equation. Isinxephezelo sokushisa siqinisekisa ukunemba, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi balungise amapharamitha okusabela ngokushesha, okuthuthukisa ukulawula isisindo sama-molecule kanye nokuqina kwenqubo.
Izinselele Ekulinganisweni Kwe-PET Viscosity
Ukulinganisai-polymer viscosityekukhiqizweni kwe-PET kugcwele izinselele ezidinga izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-PET ephinde yasetshenziswa (rPET) iletha ukuguquguquka ngenxa yokutholwa okungaguquki, okuholela ekungaguqukii-viscosity ye-polymerukufundwa okungaphazamisa ukucubungula. Amazinga aphezulu e-crystallinity adinga ukuncibilika emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-100°C, okubangela ingozi yokuqhekeka kweketanga kanye nokuwohloka okugobekayoi-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETimiphumela. Yendabukoi-viscosity yesisombululo esincibilikisiweIzindlela azigcini nje ngokuthatha isikhathi kodwa futhi ziveza opharetha ezincibilikisini eziyingozi njenge-phenol noma i-tetrachloroethane, okubeka izingozi zokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa i-viscosity yesisombululo ukuze kuncibilikiswe i-viscosity ngaphansi kwezimo zokucubungula ezishisa kakhulu kusalokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi, kuyilapho i-hydrolysis ebangelwa umswakama inganciphisa kakhulu i-viscosity, yenze kube nzima ukulawula ikhwalithi. Lezi zithiyo zigcizelela isidingo sezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo, eziqondile ukuze zilethe idatha ethembekile, yesikhathi sangempela.
- Ukuguquguquka ku-rPETImithombo eyahlukahlukene ibangela ukungalinganii-polymer viscosity, ukufana kweqembu okuyinselele.
- Ukuwohloka kokushisa: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu okuncibilika asengozini yokwehlai-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETngokusebenzisa ukuqhekeka kweketanga.
- Izingozi ze-solvent: Ngesandlaisixazululo esincibilikisayo se-viscosity sama-polymerukuhlolwa kwandisa ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi.
- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesikhathiIzindlela zendabuko zibambezela ukuhlaziya, zibambezela ukulungiswa kwenqubo.
- Ukuthembela ekugundeni: Ukungafani phakathi kwesisombululo kanye ne-viscosity encibilikisiwe kwenza kube nzima ukubikezela.
- Ukuzwela komswakama: I-Hydrolysis ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-extrusion iyanciphisai-viscosity ye-polymer, ethinta ikhwalithi.
- Ukulawula izinga lokushisa: Isinxephezelo esinembile sibalulekile ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha okulinganisa.
Kungani Ukuqapha Ukunamathela Okuqhubekayo Ku-inthanethi Kubalulekile Ekwenziweni Kwe-PET?
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ku-inthanethii-polymer viscosityiguqula ukwakheka kwe-PET ngokunikeza ukudla okuphilayo kwe-dynamics yesisindo sama-molecule, okuvumela ukulawula okunembile okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwe-batch. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izigaba ze-polymerization—kusukela ekusabeleni kwe-monomer kuya ekucubungulweni kokuncibilika—zihambisana nemininingwane eqondiwe, kunciphisa ukuphambuka okungalimaza ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokuhlanganisai-polymer ye-viscometer esemgqeni, abakhiqizi bavula uhlu lwezinzuzo eziphakamisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokusimama, okwenzaindlela yokukala i-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PETinzuzo ehlakaniphile ekukhiqizweni kwesimanje.
- Ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuthuthukisiwe ngokuhlaziywa okungcono: Isikhathi sangempelaukulinganiswa kwe-polymer viscosityivumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo ezimweni zokusabela, okuqinisekisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kweketanga.
- Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuncishiswa kokumoshwa: Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kokungalingani kwe-viscosity kunciphisa amaqoqo angaphandle kwe-spec, kukhulisa isivuno futhi kunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncishisiwe: Amapharamitha alungiselelwe avimbela ukucubungula ngokweqile, anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuma-reactor kanye nama-extruder.
- Ukuphepha kwabasebenzi okwandisiwe: Izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo zinciphisa ukuphathwa kwezinto ezincibilikayo ezishisayo kanye nezinyibilikisi ezinobuthi, okuthuthukisa ukuphepha endaweni yokusebenza.
- Impendulo esheshayo ekuphazamisekeni: Ama-loop empendulo esheshayo avumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo, okugcina ukugeleza kokukhiqiza.
- Ukusekelwa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-rPET: Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kuyaqinisekisai-viscosity ye-polymeremifudlaneni ephinde yasetshenziswa, okuqinisekisa ukuhambisana.
- Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko: Ukuhlaziywa kwelebhu okumbalwa kwenza imisebenzi ibe lula, kunciphisa izindleko zokukhokha.
Funda Ngamamitha Obuningi Engeziwe
Amamitha Ezinqubo Engeziwe Ku-inthanethi
I-Viscometer ye-Lonnmeter Tuning Fork
II-Viscometer ye-Lonnmeter Tuning Forkyakhelwe ukubhekana nezidingo ze-ukulinganiswa kwe-polymer viscosityekukhiqizweni kwe-PET, okuletha ukunemba okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuqina. Njengoba inobubanzi be-viscosity obungu-1 kuya ku-8,000 cP, ukunemba okungu-±3.0%, kanye nokuphindeka okungu-±1%, isebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi efinyelela ku-6.4 MPa kanye namazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-450°C, igcinwe endaweni ebiyelwe enesilinganiso se-IP66 enikwe amandla yi-24 V DC. Ukukhishwa kwayo okungu-4-20 mA DC, okwakhiwe ngezinto eziqinile njengensimbi engagqwali engu-316L, i-Teflon, noma i-Hastelloy, futhi kuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-flange ze-HG20592, kuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kumasethingi ezimboni. Iqinisekisiwe ukuthi ayiqhumi (ExdIIBT4), iphendula ngemizuzwana emi-5 kuphela, okwenza ibe yindawo efaneleke ngesikhathi sangempela.i-viscosity ye-polymerukuqapha.
Le viscometer isebenzisa isignali ye-acoustic ukuze ivuse imfoloko yokulungisa yensimbi, edlidliza ngemvamisa yayo yemvelo yokuzwakala—imvamisa exhunywe ngqo ku-i-viscosity ye-polymerixhumene nayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwemvamisa okuthuthukisiwe, kuhlanganiswe nesinxephezelo sokushisa, kunikeza okunembilei-polymer viscosityukufundwa, ukulwa nokushintshashintsha kokushisa okungase kuphazamise imiphumela. Lobu buchwepheshe buqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqinile ezimweni ezinzima zokwenziwa kwe-PET, kusukela kuma-reactor ancibilikisiwe kuya kuma-extruder anamandla amakhulu.
Izinzuzo ze-Inline Viscometer
Ukwamukela i-viscometer esemgqeni njenge-Lonnmeter ichaza kabushaindlela yokukala i-viscosity yangaphakathi ye-PET, okunikeza intuthuko eqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuthembekeni uma kuqhathaniswa nendabukoisixazululo esincibilikisayo se-viscosity sama-polymerizindlela. Ngokuhlinzeka ngedatha eqhubekayo, yesikhathi sangempela, kunika amandla abakhiqizi ukuthi bathuthukise izinqubo, banciphise imfucuza, futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, konke lokhu ngenkathi behambisana nemigomo yokuzinza ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-rPET okuphumelelayo.
- Ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo: Inciphisa isikhathi sokulinganisa uma kuqhathaniswa nesandlai-viscosity yesisombululo esincibilikisiweizindlela.
- Ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kwe-solvent: Kunciphisa imfucuza, kunciphisa umthelela emvelweni.
- Idizayini eqinile: Kuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwe-PET okuqinile, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi.
- Ukunemba okuphezulu: Ifinyelela i-RSD ngaphansi kwe-1% ukuze ithembekei-polymer viscosityidatha.
- Isicelo esisebenziseka kalula: Iphatha kokubili i-PET engeyona eyemvelo kanye ne-PET ephinde yasetshenziswa kalula.
- Ukonga izindleko: Kunciphisa imikhiqizo engacacisiwe kanye nezindleko zokuhlolwa kwelebhu.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokusimama: Isekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-rPET okuphezulu ngokulawula ikhwalithi okuqhubekayo.
Kungani wamukele isikhathi esidlule, incwadi yemiyaleloukulinganiswa kwe-polymer viscositylapho ungakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla e-I-Viscometer ye-Lonnmeter Tuning Fork? Phakamisa inqubo yakho ngokunemba kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuchithwa kwemfucuza okuncishisiwe, kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe. Xhumana nathi manje ukuze uhlole ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bungawuguqula kanjani umkhiqizo wakho we-PET, kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle. Thatha isinyathelo namuhla—impumelelo yakho elandelayo ikulindele!
