Ukulinganiswa kwe-SiO₂, Na₂O, CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃, PbO, kanye ne-K₂O kuyadingeka ukuze kulawulwe ngokunembile izakhiwo zomkhiqizo kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho. Amathuluzi e-Lonnmeter XRF anikeza izilinganiso ezinembile neziqondile zalezi zingxenye ezibalulekile.
Ukuhlaziywa okuvamile kuthola ukuphambuka okuphansi njengo-0.01 wt% kwama-oxide amakhulu, okuqinisekisa ukuthi abakhiqizi bagcina ububanzi obuqondiwe bezinto zokwakheka kwengilazi. Amazinga e-Na₂O noma i-CaO angalungile angashintsha ukumelana nokushisa, ukucaca, kanye nokuqina. Ukulawula okuqinile kunciphisa ukwenqatshwa kwe-batch ngenxa yombala ongekho ku-specific noma ukwehluleka komshini.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwengilazi ye-XRF
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Ukwakheka Kwengilazi: Izinto Nezinhlobo Zezinto
Ingilazi engaphezu kuka-70% yezentengiselwano yakhiwe yi-silica (SiO₂), enikeza ukuqina kwesakhiwo kanye nokumelana namakhemikhali. I-Soda (Na₂O), ngokuvamile engu-12–15%, yehlisa iphuzu lokuncibilika, ithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa. I-Lime (CaO), cishe engu-9–12%, ikhulisa ubulukhuni kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali. I-Alumina (Al₂O₃) ku-1–3% ithuthukisa amandla omshini futhi ithuthukisa ukuzinza kokushisa. I-Magnesia (MgO) kanye ne-potassium (K₂O) kusetshenziswa ngobuningi obuncane ukuze kulungiswe kahle i-viscosity kanye nezakhiwo zomphezulu. I-lead oxide (PbO), uma ikhona ngaphezu kuka-24%, inikeza inkomba ephezulu yokugqama kanye nokuxinana okukhulu, okubalulekile engilazini ye-optical kanye ne-lead.
Izinhlobo zezinto zichazwa yilezi zinto zokwakheka kwengilazi. Ingilazi ye-soda-lime ibusa ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke ngenxa yezimfanelo ezilinganiselayo zemishini namakhemikhali. Ingilazi ye-borosilicate, equkethe i-10–13% B₂O₃, ivumela ukwanda okuphansi kokushisa, okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwelebhu kanye nezitsha zokupheka. Ingilazi ye-lead ibeka phambili ukucaca kokukhanya kanye nokukhanya kwezitsha zokudla etafuleni. Izithasiselo zengilazi ze-aluminosilicate zandise i-Al₂O₃ ukuze zihlale isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinolaka. Ukusebenza kohlobo ngalunye lwengilazi kuncike ekulawulweni okunembile kokwakheka kwezinto zengilazi.
Ubuhlalu Bengilazi Ehlanganisiwe, Ama-Pellet Engilazi, kanye Nengilazi Eyimpuphu
Ubuhlalu beglasi obuhlanganisiwe bunikeza ukulingana okuphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane, okunikeza imiphumela enembile ekuhlaziyweni kwezinto ze-XRF kokukhiqizwa kwengilazi. I-matrix yabo ehambisanayo iqeda ukungalingani okuncane, iqinisekisa ukulinganiswa okuqondile kwe-SiO₂, Na₂O, CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃, PbO, kanye ne-K₂O.
Ama-pellet engilazi asebenza njengezinto zokubhekisela ezithembekile kanye nezindinganiso zokulinganisa ezinqubweni zokulawula ikhwalithi yokukhiqizwa kwengilazi. Avumela ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo kokwakheka futhi asekela ukutholakala kokwehluka kweqembu noma ukungcola kuma-lab e-QA/QC. Ama-pellet agcina izinto ezibalulekile zokwakheka kwengilazi, okukhuthaza ukulandeleka kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokukhiqiza.
Ingilazi ewuphuphu isekela ukwakheka kokumboza, ukubhula, ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali, ukuphinda kusetshenziswe, futhi yenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa okusheshayo. Usayizi wayo omncane wezinhlayiya uqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwezinto eziyisisekelo, okubalulekile ekulungiseleleni isampula emele. Ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi ewuphuphu kufinyelela kokubili enqubweni nasekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo, okuvumela ukuqapha okunembile kokwakheka kwezinto zengilazi nokusekela ukuhlaziywa kwe-XRF okuqondile nokunembile.
Ifektri Yengilazi
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Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Ekukhiqizweni Kwengilazi
Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokukhiqizwa kwengilazi kuncike ku-XRF ukuze kuhlolwe izakhi eziningi, kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-batch-to-batch kanye nokugwema ukungcola. Izinhlelo ze-Lonnmeter XRF zilinganisa i-Si, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, K, Pb, nezinye izakhi ezibalulekile ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engama-60. Izinqubo zokuhlaziya ze-TXRF zithola izakhi ezinkulu nezilandelanayo, njenge-Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, kanye ne-Sr, kuze kufike emazingeni angaphansi kwe-ppm.
Ukuqapha izakhi zokulandelela kuvimbela umbala ongafuneki kanye nobuthakathaka bomshini. Ukuthola ukugcwala kwe-Fe, Ti, kanye ne-Pb kusekela ukucaca kokukhanya futhi kususa izingozi ezivela ekufakweni noma ezindaweni zokucindezeleka. Imephu ye-elemental, enikwe amandla yi-XRF-CT ethuthukisiwe kanye nezindlela ze-confocal, iqinisekisa ukufana kwendawo ephepheni noma engilazini ebunjiwe, okubalulekile ekukhiqizweni okukhulu.
Amadivayisi e-XRF aphathekayo nangaphakathi azenzakalela ukuskena okusheshayo, ahlanganisa imiphumela ekulawulweni kwenqubo ngesikhathi sangempela. Le ndlela ithuthukisa ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yokukhiqiza ingilazi, isekela ukucaciswa komkhiqizo okuqinile kanye nokusabela okusheshayo ekuphambukeni kwenqubo.
Amasu Okuhlonza Nokuhlukaniswa Kohlobo
Izinhlobo zamasu okuhlonza ingilazi zifaka phakathi i-XRF spectral fingerprinting, izilinganiso zobuningi, kanye nokuhlolwa kwenkomba yokukhanya. I-XRF spectral fingerprinting inikeza iphrofayili eqondile, engonakalisi yazo zonke izakhi ezibalulekile zokwakheka kwengilazi, okuvumela ukutholakala kwe-Si, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Pb, kanye ne-K ngokuphindaphinda okungaphansi kwe-3% RSD. Izilinganiso zobuningi zisiza ukuhlukanisa ukwakheka kwezinto zengilazi ezinokwehluka kusuka ku-2.2 g/cm³ (i-soda-lime) kuya ku-3.1 g/cm³ (ingilazi yokukhanya). Ukuhlolwa kwenkomba yokukhanya kuhlukanisa ngokunembile i-soda-lime, i-borosilicate, kanye nengilazi yokukhanya; amanani ajwayelekile e-nD aqala ku-1.51 kuya ku-1.70.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuhlonza. I-K-means ihlanganisa izingcezu zeglasi ngamasethi edatha e-XRF ezinto eziningi, isekela amazinga okufana kwekilasi le-forensic angaphezu kuka-95%. Ukuhlaziywa kokuxhumana okumpunga kuhlukanisa ukushintsha okuncane kodwa okuhlukile kokwakheka phakathi kwamaqoqo noma izinhlobo. Amamodeli e-Chemometric ahlukanisa izinhlobo zeglasi (isb., ubuhlalu beglasi obuhlanganisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nengilazi ephuphu) ngeminwe ye-elemental enokunemba okungaphezu kuka-98% uma kuhlanganiswa nedatha ye-XRF.
Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi Yokukhiqiza Ingilazi
Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yokukhiqiza ingilazi kuncike ekutholakaleni okusheshayo nokunembile kwezinto eziningi. Abahlaziyi be-XRF abangaphakathi komugqa kanye nabelabhorethri baqinisekisa ukwakheka kwezinto zengilazi ngemizuzwana. I-X-ray fluorescence ikhomba i-SiO₂, i-Na₂O, i-CaO, i-MgO, i-Al₂O₃, i-PbO, kanye ne-K₂O, okusekela ukulawula izakhi zokwakheka kwengilazi kanye nokufana kweqoqo.
Ngokusho kwedatha yemboni, i-XRF ifinyelela imikhawulo yokuthola efinyelela ku-1 ppm yezinto ezincane, okuvumela ukutholakala kokungcola okumbalwa okuthinta izakhiwo noma ubuhle. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-XRF kuvumela impendulo eqondile yokulungiswa kwenqubo, kwandisa isivuno ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-15 emigqeni elawulwa ngokuqinile.
Ukuhlunga okuzenzakalelayo kuhlangana nokukhiqizwa, kuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa okuqhubekayo kokwakheka kwezinto zeglasi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwe-batch kuya ku-batch futhi kuqeda imikhiqizo engaphandle kwe-spec. Ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziningi kubalulekile kwi-QA yezimfanelo zobuhlalu beglasi obuhlanganisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwama-pellet engilazi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwengilazi eyimpuphu. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele endaweni kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi futhi kuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo, kusekela ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqhubekayo.
Lungiselela Ukugeleza Komsebenzi Wakho Wokuhlaziya Ingilazi
Abahlaziyi be-Lonnmeter XRF banikeza ukulinganisa okunembile kwezinto ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwengilazi: i-SiO₂, i-Na₂O, i-CaO, i-MgO, i-Al₂O₃, i-PbO, i-K₂O. Lawa mathuluzi anikeza ukutholwa kwezinto eziningi zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza ingilazi kanye nokuqinisekiswa okusheshayo kwama-bead engilazi ahlanganisiwe, ama-pellet engilazi, kanye nengilazi ephuthiwe. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziywa kwengilazi okuthuthukisiwe, yenza ngokwezifiso zakhoUmshini we-XRFukusekela izidingo ezahlukahlukene ekukhiqizweni kwengilazi kanye namasu okuhlonza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-04-2026
