Ukusebenza kwanoma yimuphi uphethiloli, ikakhulukazi ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity kawoyela osindayo, akuyona neze indaba yengozi. Kuyimpahla eyakhiwe enquma ukuthi uphethiloli ugeleza kahle kangakanani, u-atomize, ushisa, futhi ekugcineni unike amandla izinjini, ama-turbine, noma izinqubo zezimboni. Ukungazinaki i-viscosity kawoyela kungaholela ekushiseni okungaphelele, ukuguguleka okusheshayo, ukukhishwa okukhulu komoya, kanye nesikhathi esibi kakhulu sokungasebenzi. Ezimbonini ezithembele ekuphathweni kukaphethiloli okuthembekile—kusukela ekuthuthweni kolwandle kuya ekukhiqizweni kukagesi—ukulawula i-viscosity kawoyela ophethiloli akuyona nje into ethandwayo yobuchwepheshe, kuyisu lokusinda.
Ukuguquka Kwezindinganiso Zekhwalithi Kaphethiloli
Imithethonqubo yamazwe ngamazwe iye yaqinisa kancane kancane imininingwane ngezici zikawoyela osindayo eminyakeni edlule. Kusukela kokuqukethwe kwesalfure kuya emikhawulweni yokungcoliswa kwamanzi, i-viscosity ibilokhu ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana. Amafutha angaphambilini ayebekezelela ububanzi be-viscosity, kodwa ukwanda kwezinjini ezisebenza kahle kanye nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo kusho ukuthi i-viscosity manje kumele ilinganiswe futhi ilawulwe ngokunemba okukhulu. Izindinganiso zikawoyela ezifana ne-ISO 8217 ziqokomisa i-viscosity njengempahla yokulinganisa, okuphoqa opharetha ukuthi bamukele izinhlelo zokulawula i-viscosity kawoyela osindayo eziqinisekisa ukuhambisana ngaphansi kwezimo zokunikezwa ezihlukene.
Intuthuko Yobuchwepheshe Bokushisa Nezidingo Zokuqina
Izinhlelo zokushisa zesimanje—kungaba izinjini zikadizili, ama-turbine egesi, noma izishisi zezimboni—zithembele ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwe-atomization kaphethiloli ukuqinisekisa ukuxubana komoya nophethiloli okufanayo. Ukufinyelela iphethini yokufutha oyifunayo akunakwenzeka uma i-viscosity kaphethiloli ingaphandle kwefasitela layo elihle. I-viscosity ephansi ingaholela ekuvuzeni nasekuqongeleleni kwengcindezi engemihle, kuyilapho i-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu ibangela i-atomization engemihle, ukusha okungaphelele, kanye nokufakwa ngaphakathi kwama-injector. Njengoba izinjini zakhiwe ngokubekezelelana okuqinile kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu, isidingo sokuphathwa kwe-viscosity enembile asisaxoxiswani.
Amasu Okulinganisa Ukuqina Kwamafutha Endabuko
Ngokomlando, amalabhorethri ayethembele kuma-viscometer e-capillary, ama-viscometer e-Redwood, kanye namayunithi e-Saybolt ukuze alinganise i-viscometer kawoyela osindayo. Nakuba enembile ezindaweni ezilawulwayo, lawa masu ayedinga ukusampula, ukuphathwa ngesandla, kanye nemiphumela ebambezelekile. Emisebenzini yezimboni ehamba ngokushesha, ukuthembela kuphela ekuhlolweni okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kuyingozi, ngoba i-viscometer ingashintsha kakhulu phakathi kokugcina, ukushisa, kanye nokujova kwangempela.
Namuhla, imboni ifuna ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ku-inthanethi, kodwa ukuqonda izisekelo zendabuko kusiza ukugcizelela ukuthi kungani ubuchwepheshe obusha bushintsha kangaka.
Kuchazwe Amayunithi Okugoba
Ukuqina kuvame ukuvezwa kuma-centistokes (cSt), ama-centipoise (cP), noma ama-Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS). Onjiniyela kumele bahumushe phakathi kwalokhu kuye ngezincwadi zemishini kanye nezindinganiso zesifunda. Isibonelo, ukuqina kukawoyela osindayo kuvame ukucaciswa ku-cSt ku-50 °C, kuyilapho izinjini zasolwandle zidinga ama-heating curve athile ukuze zilungise ukuqina kube yibanga lokujova elingu-10–15 cSt. Lokhu kuqonda okusebenzayo kwamayunithi e-viscosity kubalulekile ekulinganiseni ama-heater, amaphampu, kanye nabalawuli be-viscosity.
Indlela Izinga Lokushisa Elithinta Ngayo Ukuqina Kwephethiloli
Izinga lokushisa linethonya elinamandla ekuqineni kukaphethiloli. Ukwanda okuncane kokushisa kunganciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugeleza, okuvumela uphethiloli osindayo ukuthi ukhiqize i-athomu ngempumelelo.
Abaqhubi bezinjini zasolwandle bayazi ukuthi izici zikawoyela osindayo zidinga ukushiswa kusengaphambili okungenani kufike ku-120–150 °C ngaphambi kokujova. Ukwehluleka ukuphatha ubudlelwano bokushisa nokuqina kungaholela ekushayweni kwenjini, ukusha okungaphelele, noma ukulimala kwephampu. Yingakho izinhlelo zokulawula ukuqina komoya kawoyela osindayo zihlanganisa kokubili ukulawulwa kokushisa kanye nempendulo yokuqina ukuze kusebenze kahle.
Izakhiwo Zikaphethiloli Ezithonya Ukujiya
Izakhiwo eziningana zangaphakathi zithinta indlela uphethiloli omelana ngayo nokugeleza. Okuqukethwe okunuka kamnandi, ukuhlushwa kwe-asphaltene, kanye nezilinganiso zokuxuba nama-distillates kuyizinto ezibangela kakhulu. Uma ubukhulu kanye nobunzima bama-molecule buphakeme, kulapho uphethiloli uba mkhulu khona. Ukungcola okufana namanzi, i-sediment, noma ama-sulfur compounds kungaphazamisa kakhulu ukuziphatha kwe-viscosity okulindelekile, okwenza ukuqapha ku-inthanethi kube yinto ebalulekile. Ukuqonda lezi zakhiwo zikaphethiloli kusiza abaqhubi ukuthi balindele ubunzima bokusingatha nokuklama amasu okuxuba aqinisekisa ukuqina okuzinzile kukawoyela osindayo.
Izinselele Ekulinganisweni Kokugcwala Kophethiloli Okuqhubekayo
Izinselele Zekhwalithi Kaphethiloli Ezingaguquguquki
Ukuthengwa kwamafutha e-bunker emhlabeni wonke kusho ukuthi abaqhubi bavame ukubhekana nokunikezwa okungalingani. Ukwehluka kokuqina phakathi kwamaqoqo kungaba yinto enkulu, kudinga ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kumasu okushisa nokuxuba. Ngaphandle kokuqapha okuthembekile, ukungalingani kokuqina kukaphethiloli kungabangela ukwehluleka okukhulu kwemishini.
Ubunzima Bokulawula Inqubo Ngokushintshashintsha Kokunamathela
Indawo yokuhluza noma isitshalo sikagesi esicubungula uphethiloli wokuguquguquka kokuqina sibhekene nokusha okungazinzile kanye nokwehla komthamo wokusebenza. Ukulungiswa ngesandla kusala ngemuva kweqiniso, okwenza ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo emgqeni kube yisisombululo esiqhubekayo kuphela.
Umphumela Wokungathinti Okungalungile Emishinini
Ukuchachamba kukawoyela osindayo kakhulu kubeka ingcindezi kumaphampu nakuma-injector, kuyilapho ukuchachamba okuphansi kakhulu kubangela ukuvuza kanye nokuvalwa okunganele. Zombili lezi zimo zisheshisa ukuguguleka kwemishini, zifinyeze imijikelezo yokulungisa, futhi zandisa izindleko zokusebenza.
Ukuthobela Imithetho Yezincazelo Zephethiloli
Ngemikhawulo yesibabule ye-IMO 2020 kanye nezindinganiso ze-ISO viscosity, izinkampani kumele zibonise ukuthi izinhlelo zazo zokulawula viscosity kawoyela kaphethiloli ziyahlangabezana nomthetho. Ukwehluleka ukwenza kanjalo kuyingozi yokuhlawuliswa, ukulimala kwenjini, kanye nokulahlekelwa idumela.
Izixazululo zeLonnmeter Zokuqapha Ukugoba Kwe-Viscosity Yesikhathi Sangempela
Ukuthuthukisa i-Fuel Atomization ngokulawula okuqondile
I-Lonnmeteramathuluzi okulinganisa i-viscositynikeza impendulo esheshayo ezinhlelweni zokushisa nezokufaka, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-atomization ihlala yenzeka ngaphakathi kwefasitela le-viscosity elifanele. Lokhu kuholela ekushiseni okuhlanzekile, ukukhishwa okuphansi komoya, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokupompa Ngedatha Eku-inthanethi
Ukuvaleka komoya akuthinti nje kuphela ukushisa kodwa futhi kuthinta nomsebenzi wokupompa. Ngokulondoloza ukuvaleka komoya okuhle kakhulu, izinhlelo zeLonnmeter zinciphisa ukucindezeleka kumaphampu futhi zinciphise ukulahlekelwa amandla, okusiza abaqhubi ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kakhulu.
Ukuqinisekisa Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamafutha Okuqhubekayo neLonnmeter
Ukuhlanganisa amafutha anezimpawu ezahlukene zikawoyela osindayo kuphephile kuphela uma izilinganiso ze-viscosity zilawulwa ngokuqinile. Ukuqapha okuqondile kwe-Lonnmeter kuqinisekisa ukuthi amafutha ahlanganisiwe ahlala ngaphakathi kwezidingo ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele emishinini yokushisa ebucayi.
Izinzuzo Zokulawulwa Kokugoba Kwenqubo
Ukuthuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yomkhiqizo Nokungaguquguquki
Ukuqina kwe-oyili kaphethiloli okulawulwa ngokuqinile kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokusha okubikezelwayo, kunciphisa ukuguquguquka okungalimaza umkhiqizo okhiqizwayo.
Ukukhulisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokukhiqiza kanye Nokusebenza Kahle
Ngokususa ukuqagela ngesandla kanye nokubambezeleka, ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity online kuvumela izikhungo ukuthi zisebenze kahle kakhulu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okubangelwa ukusha okungazinzile.
Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Nezindleko Zokusebenza
Ukushisa uphethiloli kuze kube yilapho uqine ngokwanele kugwema ukushisa ngokweqile, konga amandla kaphethiloli ngenkathi kuvikela izingxenye ekugugeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukuhlangabezana Nemithethonqubo Yezemvelo Nokuphepha
Ukushiswa okuqinile kwamafutha aqinile kuholela ekushisweni okuhlanzekile ngama-hydrocarbon ambalwa angashiswanga, okusiza izimboni ukuthi zihambisane nemikhawulo yokukhishwa komoya ngenkathi zigcina ukusebenza kwezitshalo kuphephile.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Iyini i-viscosity efanele kakhulu yamafutha aqinile?
I-viscosity efanele kakhulu yamafutha aqinile endaweni yokufaka injini ngokuvamile iphakathi kwama-centistokes angu-10–15 (cSt), atholakala ngokushisa okulawulwayo. Lolu hlu luqinisekisa ukwakheka okufanele kwe-atomization, ukusha okuhlanzekile, kanye nokuncipha kokuguguleka kwenjini.
Kungani i-viscosity ibalulekile kuphethiloli?
Ukuqina kukaphethiloli kuthonya ngqo ukuziphatha kokugeleza, ukusebenza kahle kokupompa, kanye nekhwalithi ye-atomization. Uma ukuqina kukaphethiloli kuphezulu kakhulu, uphethiloli wehluleka ukwenza i-atomize kahle, okubangela ukusha okungaphelele kanye nokufakwa kwemali. Uma kuphansi kakhulu, kungavuza kudlule izivalo ze-injector futhi kunciphise ingcindezi. Zombili lezi zindlela ezingavamile zilimaza ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphila kwemishini.
Izici zikawoyela osindayo zithinta kanjani ukujiya?
Izici zikawoyela osindayo, njengobuningi, okuqukethwe yi-asphaltene, kanye nezilinganiso zokuxuba, zinquma ngqo i-viscosity. Ubunzima obukhulu bama-molecule buholela kumafutha ajiyile, amelana kakhulu adinga ukushisa okunembile nokulawulwa kwe-inthanethi ukuze kuphathwe ngokuphephile.
I-viscosity kawoyela kaphethiloli ilawulwa kanjani ngokoqobo?
Uhlelo lokulawula ukujiya kwamafutha kaphethiloli lulawula ukujiya ngokuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa (ukushisa kusengaphambili) nokuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela. Izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ezifana neLonnmeter zinikeza idatha yokujiya eqhubekayo, ziqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuzinzile, ukushiswa okulungiselelwe, kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-ISO kanye ne-IMO.
Izinga lokushisa lithinta kanjani ukujiya kukaphethiloli?
Ukuqina kukaphethiloli kwehla njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Ukuze kube nokuqina kukaphethiloli okunzima, ukushisa kusengaphambili kufike ku-120–150 °C kuvame ukudingeka ngaphambi kokujova. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uphethiloli ufinyelela efasiteleni lokuqina eliqondiwe elidingekayo ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kuhlanzwe.
Amathuluzi okulinganisa ubuthi obuthuthukisiwe be-oyela kaphethiloli, njengalawo athuthukiswe yi-Lonnmeter, avala igebe phakathi kwekhwalithi yokuphakelwa eguquguqukayo kanye nezidingo zenqubo eqinile. Xhumana nathi njengamanje uma udidekile ngokulinganisa ubuthi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka kokushisa, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-05-2025
