Ukuqapha ukugcwala kwamanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi kuyinsika ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kokujiya kwemigodi ye-lead-zinc, ukuvikela ngqo ukuphepha kokucubungula amaminerali, ukuzinza kwenqubo, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nokuhambisana nemvelo. Njengesizinda sedatha yesikhathi sangempela ye-underflow solids, isebenza njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ekubopheni/ekubambeni kwe-rake ngokuthola ukwakheka kwe-solids ngokweqile (imbangela ebalulekile yokwanda kwe-rake torque kanye nokwehluleka kwemishini). Ukuze kulawulwe inqubo, ivumela ukulawulwa okunembile kokukhipha amanzi—ukuvimbela ukuncibilika ngokweqile (ukuhlunga ngokweqile) noma ukuminyana okugxilile (ukuvala amapayipi)—ngenkathi iqondisa ukwenziwa ngcono kwe-flocculant ukuze kugwenywe imfucuza ye-reagent kanye nokucaca okungekuhle kokugcwala kwamanzi.
Izisekelo Zokusebenza Kokuqina Kwezimboni Ezimayini Ze-Polymetallic Lead kanye Ne-Zinc
Izithako zokujiya zezimboni zibalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali ezimayini ze-lead ze-polymetallic kanye ne-zinc, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo koketshezi oluqinile, ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi, kanye nokulawulwa kokugxila kokugeleza kwamanzi okungaphansi. Ukusebenza kwazo kuthinta ngqo ukuzinza kwenqubo, ukuphathwa kwe-tailings, kanye nemiphumela yemvelo.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zokuthuthwa Kwendle Ezindaweni Zokucubungula Amaminerali
Ukusebenza kokujiya kusekelwe ku-physics ye-sedimentation, lapho izinhlayiya eziqinile ezilenga ku-slurry zihlukaniswa khona ngamandla adonsela phansi. I-feed slurry ingena ku-thickener bese ihlakazeka kulo lonke umkhumbi. Ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi, izinhlayiya ziqala ukuhlala, zakha izindawo ezintathu ezibalulekile:
- Indawo ecacile yoketshezi phezulu (ukuchichima).
- Indawo ephakathi nendawo “yokuhlala okuvinjiwe”, lapho ukugxila kwezinhlayiya kuhlangana khona futhi amazinga okuhlala ehla.
- Ingqimba engezansi yedaka elicindezelwe noma "umbhede wodaka," lapho izinto eziqinile ziqongelela khona.
Amazinga okuthuthwa kwenhlabathi ancike emandleni adonsela phansi asebenza ezinhlayiyeni, alawulwa ukuhudula okuvela oketshezini. Njengoba ukuhlushwa okuqinile kwanda, izinhlayiya zivimbela ukunyakaza komunye nomunye, zinciphisa ukuqina (ukuqina okuvimbekile). Ukuthuthwa kwenhlabathi—okubangelwa yi-polyelectrolyte flocculants—kuhlanganisa izinhlayiya ezincane zibe yi-floc ezinkulu, okwandisa ijubane lazo lokuqina eliphumelelayo. Ukusebenza kahle kokuthuthwa kwenhlabathi kuthintwa yi-mineralogy, usayizi wezinhlayiya, i-chemistry yamanzi, kanye nokuxokozela ngaphakathi kwe-thickener.
Ukubalwa kwesilinganiso se-flocculant esinembile kanye nokwenza ngcono kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-thickener. Ukuthatha umthamo ngokweqile noma ngaphansi kunciphisa ukucaca noma ubuningi bokugeleza kwamanzi, futhi kungabangela izingozi ezifana nokubopha i-rake noma ukulayisha ngokweqile. Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokwenza ngcono izifunda zokuqina kwamaminerali kuncike ekuqapheni okuqhubekayo kwalezi zinhlaka zomzimba nezamakhemikhali.
Izithako Zokuqina Ekucubungulweni Kwamaminerali
*
Ukubuka Konke Kwezinhlobo Zokujiya Zezimboni Nezindima Zazo
Kusetshenziswa imiklamo emithathu eyinhloko yokuqinisa ezitshalweni zesimanje zokucubungula imayini ye-lead-zinc:
Izithambisi ezijwayelekile eziyindilingasebenzisa ithangi elikhulu, indlela yokushintshanisa i-thickener rake mechanism, kanye nezikrwela ezihamba kancane ukuze zihlanganise futhi ziqoqe izinto eziqinile ezizinzile. Lo mklamo uqinile kodwa ngokuvamile uphatha imithwalo ephansi yezinto eziqinile.
Izithambisi zezinga eliphezuluzakhiwe ukuze zikhulise ukudlula kwezinto eziqinile ngamathangi asemaceleni aqinile, imiklamo ye-feedwell elungiselelwe kahle, kanye nezinhlangano ze-rake thickener ezisebenzayo. Lawa mayunithi avamile ezinqubweni zokuzuza i-lead zinc ore ngenxa yokwehluka kokuphakelayo kanye nesidingo sokubuyiselwa kwamanzi ngokushesha.
Izithambisi zokunamathiselauletha amazinga aphezulu kakhulu ezinto eziqinile futhi ukhiqize ukugeleza kwamanzi okujiyile, okungahlali kahle ukuze kulahlwe imisele enobungozi emvelweni. Lokhu kusiza izimayini ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye nomkhawulo wedamu lemisele.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-thickener ludlala indima ekhethekile kulo lonke isekethe:
- Izithambisi zokugxilisathola umkhiqizo wemaminerali obalulekile kumasekethe okuntanta.
- Izithambisi zomsilabuyisela amanzi emifuleni yemfucuza yenqubo ngaphambi kokulahlwa kwemisele.
- Izithambisi zokunamathiseladala imisele enabantu abaningi ukuze kugcinwe isitoreji esincane nesiphephile.
Ukwehlukahluka kokudla, izici ze-ore, kanye nokuhambisana okudingekayo kokugeleza kwamanzi kuqhuba ukukhethwa nokuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlobo zokujiya. Imiklamo ye-modular kanye nekhono lokukhulisa livumela ukunwetshwa kwezitshalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo njengoba imizimba ye-ore kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza zishintsha.
Izinselele Eziyingqayizivele Emisebenzini Ye-Polymetallic
Izimayini ze-polymetallic lead-zinc zibhekene nezingqinamba eziyinkimbinkimbi ekusebenzeni kwe-thickener, okuhlanganisa:
Amanani okuphakelayo aguquguqukayo kanye ne-mineralogy engaguquki:Ukumba izinhlobo eziningi ze-ore kuveza ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kokwakheka kwe-pulp, okuqukethwe okuqinile, kanye ne-rheology. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokwenza ngcono umthamo we-flocculant ekumbeni, okudinga ukulawulwa kwenqubo eguquguqukayo.
Ukulayisha okuphezulu kwe-solids:Izimayini zanamuhla zithuthukisa ukwenziwa, lapho izifunda ze-thickener zivame ukuphatha amathani angaphezu kuka-100,000 ngosuku lwe-slurry. Ukugcina ukulawula ukugeleza kwe-thickener kanye nokuqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-solids ezikalini ezinjalo kunzima kodwa kubalulekile ukuvimbela izinhlekelele zenqubo njengengozi yokubopha i-rake noma ukubanjwa kwe-rake.
I-Mineralogy eyinkimbinkimbi:Ama-ore e-lead-zinc angafaka i-galena, i-sphalerite, i-pyrite, kanye namaminerali e-gangue, ngalinye linezindlela ezihlukile zokuzinza kanye nokugoba. Lokhu kudinga izinhlelo ze-flocculant ezenzelwe wena kanyeimitha yobuningiukulinganiswa kwemboni yezimayini.
Ukwehluleka ukubhekana nalezi zici kungaholela emibhedeni yodaka engazinzile, ukucaca okungekuhle kokuchichima, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali amaningi, noma ukwehluleka kwemishini. Ingozi yokugcwala ngokweqile noma ukubopha kwe-thickener rake iyanda uma izinto eziqinile zihlangana ngokungalindelekile, okugcizelela kakhulu isidingo sokulinganisa okuthuthukile kobuningi be-inline kanye nobuchwepheshe be-industrial density meter (isb., i-Lonnmeter) ukuqondisa ukulungiswa kwenqubo yesikhathi sangempela nokusekela izinhlelo zokuzenzakalela ze-thickener.
Ngokuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwenqubo yezimbiwa kanye nezindlela zokwenza ngcono, ukulawulwa kokujiya kokugcwala kwamanzi kanye nokusebenza kahle kuyathuthukiswa, okusekela kokubili izinhloso zokubuyiselwa kwamaminerali kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo ekusebenzeni kwe-polymetallic.
Izingxenye Ezibalulekile kanye nezici Zokuklama Zezithisi
Izinhlelo Zokujiya Eziqinile
Izinhlelo zokukhahlela i-thickener zidlala indima ebalulekile emisebenzini yokukhahlela izimboni zezimayini ze-polymetallic lead kanye ne-zinc. Ama-rake enzelwe ukuhambisa nokuhlanganisa izinto eziqinile ezizinzile ziye ekukhishweni okuphakathi. Lokhu kuthutha kusiza ekulawuleni i-thickener kokugcwala kwamanzi futhi kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwemibhede engalingani, okungabeka engcupheni ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza.
Lo mshini uhilela ukujikeleza izingalo ze-rake ezihlonyiswe ngama-blade noma ama-plow. Lezi zingalo zehla kancane, zikhuhla udaka oluzinzile ziye endaweni yokuphuma kwamanzi. Imiklamo yesimanje ye-rake thickener isebenzisa izinto eziqinile ukumelana nokuguguleka nokugqwala okuvela kuma-slurries e-lead-zinc. Ukumodela kwe-computational, njenge-CFD (computational fluid dynamics) kanye ne-FEA (finite element analysis), kuthuthukisa i-geometry, i-blade angle, isikhala sengalo, kanye nosayizi wokushayela ukuze kube ne-torque encane kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Kwaba-thickeners abanobukhulu obuphezulu, amaphrofayili ethangi amade kanye nama-reinforced rake avumela ukuphathwa kwe-solid ephezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuthembeka komshini.
Imikhuba emihle kakhulu igcizelela ukulayisha okuqinile okuzinzile, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwe-torque, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlangano zokushayela ezisebenzisa izinsimbi. Amamitha e-torque kanye nama-transducer e-force aqoqa idatha yesikhathi sangempela, okwenza kube nokulungiswa kokusebenza okuphendulayo. Izinhlelo zokulawula zilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuphakama noma isivinini se-rake ngokuphendula ukunyuka kwe-torque, okuvame ukubangelwa ukusatshalaliswa kodaka okungalingani noma ukwakheka kwezinto ngokuzumayo. Izibonelo zasensimini zibonisa ukuthi ukuqapha njalo kwe-torque kanye nezindawo zokubeka umthwalo ogcwele ezihleliwe kunciphisa izidingo zokulungisa futhi kukhuthaza ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kwe-thickener okuqhubekayo.
Ukuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile kwe-rake kuncike kumadivayisi okulinganisa amandla ahlanganisiwe (ama-torque transducers, amaseli okulayisha) ngaphakathi kwe-drive. Lapho kufinyelelwa imikhawulo ye-torque esethiwe—uphawu lokubopha kwe-rake okungenzeka—uhlelo lungaphakamisa i-rake ngokuzenzakalelayo noma lumise i-drive ukuvimbela umonakalo womshini kanye nokubanjwa kwe-rake. Lezi zivikelo, ezihambisana nezinhlelo zokulawula ezisatshalaliswayo, zinikeza ukuphathwa okukude kanye namakhono okungenelela okusheshayo, abalulekile ekuvimbeleni izingozi zokubopha i-rake.
Izici zemishini eziholela ekubopheni kwereki zifaka phakathi ukuqongelela ngokweqile kwezinto eziqinile, ukwehluleka kokushayela noma komshini ngenxa yokugqwala noma ukugcotshwa okungekuhle, kanye nokuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile okungasebenzi kahle. Amasu okuvimbela agxila ekwakhiweni okuqinile, kufaka phakathi ama-drive amakhulu, izinto zokulwa nokuguguleka, kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile kwemishini. Ukugcinwa njalo kanye nokulinganiswa—njengokushintshwa kwama-blade kanye namashejuli okugcoba—kuseyizinyathelo zokuphepha eziyisisekelo. Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kuvame ukuncoma ukulawulwa kwempendulo ngokusebenzisa ama-drive esivinini esiguquguqukayo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwethrendi ye-torque esebenzayo ukuze kube nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.
Izinhlelo Zokusebenza ze-Flocculant
Ukubalwa kwesilinganiso se-Flocculant sokusebenza kwe-thickener ku-slurry ye-lead-zinc kuklanyelwe izakhiwo ze-slurry ezihlukile: usayizi wezinhlayiya, i-mineralogy, i-pH, kanye namandla e-ionic. Umkhuba ojwayelekile uhilela ukuhlolwa kwejagi le-bench-scale, lapho izinhlobo ze-polymer kanye nokuhlushwa kukhethwa ngokombono ukuze kufezwe ukuhlushwa okufiselekayo kwe-underflow solids kanye nokucaca kokuchichima. Esimweni sokwenza ngcono isitshalo sokucubungula amaminerali, ukuhlushwa kuvame ukulinganiswa ngamagremu e-polymer esebenzayo ngethani lezinto ezomile.
Umthelela wokufakwa kwe-flocculant uthinta ngqo izinga lokuhlala kanye nokugcwala kokugcina kokugeleza kwamanzi. Umthamo oqondile ukhuthaza ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya okusheshayo (ukwakheka kwe-floc), okunikeza ukuhlangana okusheshayo kwezinto eziqinile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukufakwa kwe-dose ngokweqile kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent kanye nezindleko zokusebenza; ukunikezwa kwe-dose okunganele kuholela ekuhlukanisweni okubi kwezinto eziqinile, ukuncipha kobuningi bokugeleza kwamanzi, kanye nezimo ezingaba khona zokugcwala ngokweqile ku-thickener.
Ubuchwepheshe obuvumela ukulethwa okunembile buhlanganisa amaphampu okulinganisa amakhemikhali angahlelwa, izinhlelo ezisebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi, kanye nezinqubo zokulawula ezenzakalelayo.Ukulinganiswa kobuningi obuphakathikanye nempendulo yesikhathi sangempela ngezixazululo zemitha yobuningi bezimboni—njengeLonnmeter—zivumela ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono umthamo we-polyelectrolyte. Lezi zinhlelo zisekela kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent okuphumelelayo kanye nokuqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-thickener solids ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kuvame ukuncoma ukulinganiswa kwemitha yobuningi bezicelo zemboni yezimayini ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha futhi kuqinisekiswe ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuqinile.
Imikhuba emihle kakhulu ekuphathweni kwama-reagent ihilela ukulinganiswa okuvamile kwemishini yokulinganisa, ukuqinisekiswa okuvamile kwamamitha obuningi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuzenzakalela ze-thickener. Le ndlela inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagent ngenkathi ikhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokuxazulula kanye nokulawulwa kobuningi bokugeleza kwamanzi, okunegalelo ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwe-thickener kanye nokuphepha ezindaweni zenqubo yokuzuza i-lead zinc ore.
Amasu Okulawula Okuthuthukisiwe Nokuqapha Okugxila Okungaphansi Kokugeleza
Ukulinganisa Ubuningi Be-Inline kanye Nezinsimbi
Ukukhetha kwesokudlaimitha yobuningi bezimboniKubalulekile ekufezeni ukuqapha okunembile nokuqhubekayo kokugcwala kokugeleza kwe-thickener ezimayini ze-polymetallic lead kanye ne-zinc. Amathuluzi afana ne-vibrating element kanye ne-ultrasonic density metres anikeza ezinye izindlela ezingezona ezenuzi, abhekana nezidingo eziphezulu zokulawula kanye nokuphepha ekusebenzeni kokucubungula amaminerali. Lawa madivayisi alinganisa ukuminyana kwe-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela ngaphandle kwezingozi kanye nokuphathwa kwezindleko zama-gauge asekelwe emisebeni, okuyinzuzo ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-thickener kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha. Isibonelo, i-SDM ECO kanye nemiklamo ye-vibrating element ifakazelwe ukulinganisa ama-slurry abrasive, ane-high-density lead-zinc; afaka izinzwa ezingamelani nokuguguleka, ama-electronic aqinile, kanye nokuhambisana nezimo ze-pulp ezigqwalisayo kakhulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamamitha kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela indawo yokulinganisa. Ukubekwa ngokuvamile kuba semugqeni wokugeleza kwamanzi okuqina eduze kokukhishwa, lapho okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile kuhambisana kakhulu futhi kubonisa ukusebenza kahle kwangempela kokusebenza. Ukubekwa kufanele futhi kuqinisekise ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwamanzi kanye nokufinyeleleka kokulungiswa, okuhambisana nemikhuba emihle yokugcinwa kwe-thickener.
Ukulinganisa kuyinselele eyinhloko ekusetshenzisweni kwezimayini ze-lead-zinc ngenxa yokuguquguquka njalo kobuningi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya eziguquguqukayo. Ukulinganisa ngezikhathi ezithile kusetshenziswa amasampula okubhekisela kanye nokulungiswa kwesofthiwe kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi lapho kuphathwa ukugeleza kwenqubo yokuzuza i-lead zinc ore eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukulinganisa kwasefektri kungasebenza njengesisekelo, kodwa ukulinganisa kabusha indawo ethile kuthuthukisa ukunemba kokulawula ukuqina kokugeleza kwe-thickener. Ukukhukhuleka kwensimbi, okubangelwa ukumbozwa kwenzwa, ukuguguleka, noma ukushintsha i-slurry chemistry, kwenza ukuqinisekiswa okuvamile kwesandla kube yinto ebalulekile.
Izindlela zokwehluleka ezihlukile endaweni yokumba zifaka phakathi ukuguguleka kwenzwa, ukukala, ukuwohloka kwe-elekthronikhi, kanye nokwakheka kwezinto ezicutshungulwayo ezindaweni zenzwa. Izinqubo zokulungisa zifaka ukulungiswa okuhleliwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza ngomshini, ukulinganisa kabusha, kanye nokushintsha izingxenye zenzwa ezigugile. Izinqubo zokuphendula okusheshayo—njengokumaka amaphutha okuzenzakalelayo, ukuxilongwa kwangaphakathi, kanye nokuphindaphinda ngokusebenzisa amalungiselelo enzwa ekabili—kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuqapha okuqinile okuthembekile kanye nokubuyiselwa okusheshayo ngemva kwamaphutha. Izinzwa zephrofayili zesitayela se-SmartDiver zithuthukisa kakhulu ukuphindaphindeka ngokunikeza ukuqinisekiswa okuzimele, kwesikhathi sangempela kwamazinga obuningi kanye nodaka.
Izinhlelo Zokulawula Eziqina Ngokuzenzakalelayo
Izinhlelo zokulawula i-thickener ezizenzakalelayo manje zihlanganisa idatha eguquguqukayo — izici zokudla, ubuningi bokugeleza kwamanzi, kanye ne-drive torque evela ku-thickener rake mechanism — ukuze kuphathwe ngokunemba kwezinto eziqinile kanye nokuhlukaniswa koketshezi. Zihlanganisa impendulo evela ekulinganisweni kobuningi obuphakathi, ingcindezi, kanye nezinzwa ze-torque ye-rake, lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa amasu okulawula aguquguqukayo amaningi ukuze zithuthukise amapharamitha amaningana enqubo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukulawula okubikezelayo kwemodeli (i-MPC) kanye nabalawuli be-fuzzy logic balungisa ngokuguquguqukayo izindawo zokulawula ukuze bazinzise ukugxila kokungena kokungcola — ngisho noma izakhiwo zokudla noma izidingo zomthamo we-flocculant zishintsha ngenxa yokushintsha kwe-ore blends.
Amasu abalulekile okulawula agxile ekuphathweni kwezinga lempahla—ukwandisa ukulayisha kwe-thickener solids ngenkathi kuvimbela ukugcwala noma ukubopha kwe-rake. Impendulo ye-rake torque isetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukugcwala kwe-rake kanye nokuvimbela okusebenzayo kokubanjwa noma ukubopha kwe-rake, okubalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha kwemishini kanye nokuqina kwenqubo. Ngakho-ke ukulawulwa kwe-thickener kokugcwala kwe-underflow kuhlobene ngqo nokuziphatha okuqashwe umklamo we-thickener rake kanye nempendulo ye-torque. Ukutholwa kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nezinqubo ze-alamu ezenzakalelayo kuqala izenzo zokulungisa okusheshayo—ukwandisa izinga lephampu yokugeleza kwe-underflow, ukulungisa umthamo we-flocculant, noma ukushintsha isikhundla se-rake lift ukuze kugwenywe izehlakalo ezibalulekile.
Ukuthuthukisa okuqukethwe kwe-overflow solids kungenye inhloso yokulawula ezenzakalelayo. Izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zisebenzisa impendulo eqhubekayo ukuze zilungise ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso se-polyelectrolyte ekumbeni, zilethe amanzi okubuyisela asezingeni eliphezulu futhi zinciphise izindleko zokujikeleza kwamanzi ngenqubo. Ukulawula okuqhutshwa idatha kugcina ukusebenza phakathi kokuguquguquka kwenqubo, kusekela ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yamaminerali kanye nemizamo yokwenza ngcono.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ekulawuleni i-thickener yokubikezela. Amapulatifomu azenzakalelayo athatha idatha ye-sensor nge-latency ephansi, ayifake emikhubeni yokulawula ekwazi ukubikezela isikhathi esifushane kanye nokuphendula ngokushesha ezenzakalweni ezingavamile. Isibonelo, ukuhlaziya okubikezelayo kusetshenziswa izinga le-interface elihleliwe, ukuhlushwa kokugeleza kwamanzi, kanye nokucindezela kodaka kusekela ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kwezehlakalo eziphazamisekile ze-thickener futhi kuvumela ukungenelela okuzenzakalelayo, okuqondisiwe ngaphambi kokuba kwephulwe imikhawulo yenqubo. Ukuhlanganiswa kokulinganiswa kwamamitha okuxinene embonini yezimayini kanye nokufakwa kwemicimbi okuqhutshwa yi-sensor kwenza ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo zokuzenzakalela ze-thickener ezenzakalelayo zesitshalo sonke, okuthuthukisa kakhulu izindlela zokuphepha ze-thickener kanye nemiphumela yokusebenza ezitshalweni zokucubungula amaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ndawonye, lawa maqhinga athuthukile asungula uhlelo oluqinile lokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha amanzi, kanye nokuvimbela izehlakalo ezimbi njengokubopha ama-rake emisebenzini yezimboni yokuqinisa kuzo zonke izimo ze-polymetallic lead-zinc.
Isithambisi--lapho kusetshenziswa khona ama-flocculant kakhulu
*
Ukuvimbela Ukubopha, Ukuhlushwa, kanye Nokunqwabelana Komthwalo
Izindlela Ezibangela Ukubopha Nokugcwala Kakhulu Kwereyiki
Ezimayini ze-lead kanye ne-zinc ezihlanganisiwe, izithisi zezimboni zithembele ezindleleni zokuthi zihlukanise kahle futhi zisuse amanzi. Ukubopha i-rake kwenzeka lapho izingalo ze-rake zibhekana nokumelana okukhulu—ngokuvamile okuvela ekuqongeleleni kwezinto eziku-thickener bed noma eduze nendawo yokukhipha. Ukugcwala kwe-rake kubhekisela emandleni adlula imikhawulo yomklamo, okufaka engcupheni yokwehluleka kwengxenye.
Ukwakheka kwezinto—okubangelwa ukwanda okungazelelwe kokudla okuqinile, ukulawulwa okungekuhle kokugcwala kwamanzi, noma ukubalwa okungafanele kwesilinganiso se-flocculant—kukhulisa kakhulu kokubili ukuhudula kwe-hydraulic kanye nokucindezeleka komshini ezingalweni ze-rake kanye nama-drive. Amamodeli e-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) kanye ne-Finite Element Analysis (FEA) aqinisekisa ukuthi i-sludge rheology, i-thickener geometry, amazinga okuphakelayo, kanye nesivinini se-rake konke kubalulekile: izinguquko ezisheshayo zisheshisa ingozi yokuvaleka. Isibonelo, kuma-deep cone thickeners aphatha ukuhlomula kwe-lead zinc ore, ukudla okuqinile okulungiselelwe kabi kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-flocculant kuye kwabonakala kukhuthaza izehlakalo zokubopha kanye nemicimbi yokulayisha ngokweqile. Idatha yasensimini evela ekusebenzeni kwe-lead-zinc yaseShayina iqinisekisa lezi zingozi futhi iqokomisa izinzuzo zomklamo we-thickener rake othuthukisiwe kanye nezindawo zokusebenza.
Izimpawu Zesexwayiso Zasekuqaleni kanye Nezixazululo Zokuqapha Zesikhathi Sangempela
Izimpawu zokuxwayisa zakuqala zohambo lwe-rake torque zivame ukufaka ukwanda okusheshayo kwe-drive torque, ukuguquguquka okungaguquki emazingeni ombhede wodaka, kanye nesivinini esinciphile se-rake. Izixazululo zokuqapha zesikhathi sangempela zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokulinganisa i-torque kanye nokuhudula ezenzakalelayo, ukuqashelwa kwephethini yezibalo, kanye nokumodela ngokomzimba nge-FEA ezizilinganisayo. Izinhlelo zezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe eziqondile, njenge-Lonnmeter industrial density metres, zinikeza impendulo eqhubekayo mayelana nobuningi be-underflow kanye nezici zombhede wodaka, okungabonisa ukugcwala ngokweqile noma ukubopha kokuqala.
Amamodeli okufunda komshini acubungula idatha yokudlidliza bukhoma kanye nokusebenza ukuze abonise i-torque engajwayelekile ye-rake kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokwehluleka—kuze kube yimizuzu embalwa kusengaphambili. Abasebenzi bangaphendula ngokulungisa imithamo ye-polyelectrolyte, ukulinganisa kabusha izimo zokudla, noma ukwenza ukulungiswa kokuvimbela. Izinhlelo zokulawula ezenzakalelayo ezihlanganisa ukulinganiswa kobuningi obuphakathi nokuqapha i-torque ziye zafakazelwa ukuthi zinciphisa ukuvalwa okuphuthumayo futhi zigweme izimo zengozi zokubopha i-rake ekwenzeni ngcono isitshalo sokucubungula amaminerali.
Amashejuli Okunakekela kanye Nezinqubo Zokusebenza
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwehluleka kwemishini nokwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-thickener, amashejuli okulungisa kumele agxile ekuhlolweni njalo kwezingalo ze-rake, izitimela zokushayela, kanye nemishini yokulinganisa i-torque. Ukugcina irekhodi lohambo lwe-torque olubonwe, imijikelezo yokugcoba, kanye nokulinganiswa kwamamitha obuningi embonini yezimayini kubalulekile.
Izinqubo zokusebenza kufanele ziqinisekise:
- Ukuhlolwa kwesampula ye-slurry okuhleliwe kanye nokuqapha ukuhlushwa kwezinto eziqinile.
- Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezinga le-interface kanye nodaka ukuze kulawulwe ukuminyana kwamanzi ngesikhathi esifanele.
- Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kanye nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zamamitha okuminyana okuqondile njengeLonnmeter.
Ukunamathela emikhubeni emihle yokugcinwa kwe-thickener—kufaka phakathi ukubhalwa okuningiliziwe kwezenzo zokuvimbela kanye nokusabela okusheshayo ezixwayisweni zokuqapha—kuphawula ukuthuthuka okukhulu kumamodeli okulungisa asabelayo agxile ezenzakalweni zokuwohloka. Lezi zinyathelo zisekela ngqo izinyathelo zokuphepha ze-thickener futhi zinciphisa ingozi yokubanjwa kwe-rake ebizayo.
Izinzuzo Zokulawula Okusebenzayo
Ukulawula okusebenzayo kumasekethe okujiya kuvimbela ukubanjwa yi-rake okuyingozi futhi kukhuthaza ukucutshungulwa kwamaminerali okuphephile ngokuthuthukisa njalo amapharamitha okusebenza. Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela—ikakhulukazi uma ihambisana nezinhlelo zokulawula zochwepheshe—igcina izinto ezibalulekile ezifana ne-rake torque, ukugcwala kwamanzi angaphansi, kanye nezinga lodaka ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile.
Izibonelo ezivela ekuhlolweni kwezinqubo zamaminerali kanye nezinhlelo zokuzenzakalela ze-thickener zembula:
- Ukuncipha okukhulu kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlaka zokulawula ochwepheshe.
- Ukuqina kwenqubo okuthuthukisiwe ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuhlushwa kwezinto eziqinile kanye nokulungiswa okunamandla komthamo we-flocculant kanye ne-polyelectrolyte.
- Amazinga aphansi okuguguleka kwemishini kanye nokulayisha ngokweqile, okusekela izikhawu zesevisi ezinde kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza kwe-thickener okuthuthukisiwe.
Ekugcineni, izindlela zokuqapha—ezisukela ezenzakalelayo ezihlanganisiwe kuya kumashejuli okulungisa okubikezelayo—zinikeza ukuvikelwa okuqinile kokusebenzisa i-rake ngokweqile ngenkathi zigcina ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha kwemboni kanye nokusebenza.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinqubo Zamaminerali kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Okuqinile
Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yezimbiwa okuhlelekile ezimayini ze-polymetallic lead kanye ne-zinc kugxile ekuhlolweni okuphelele kokusebenza kwe-thickener yezimboni, kugcizelelwa ikhwalithi yokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokusebenza kwe-rake. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile kwamapharamitha e-hydraulic—njengokugeleza kokudla, izinga lokukhuphuka, kanye nokujula kombhede—ngenkathi kubekwa phambili izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile (ama-KPI) njengobuningi bokugeleza kwamanzi, ukuhlushwa kwama-solids, i-rake torque, kanye namaphrofayili e-force. Ukulawula ngokuqinile lezi ziguquguquko kubalulekile ekugwemeni ukuqhekeka kombhede wodaka, ukuvinjelwa, kanye nokwehluleka kwemishini okuhlanganisa ukubopha kwe-rake noma ukubanjwa kwe-rake.
Ukuhlolwa Okuhlelekile: Ukugxila Kwe-Hydraulic kanye Ne-Mechanical
Ukuhlolwa kwezimali ngokuvamile kuhilela ukubonwa okuhleliwe:
- Ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic kuhlolwa ngokulinganisela ukugeleza, ukuqapha ukucaca kokuchichima, kanye nokulandelela amazinga okusatshalaliswa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-rake thickener kuhlaziya ama-torque curve, amaphethini okucindezeleka komshini, kanye namaphrofayili okuguguleka, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amamodeli athuthukisiwe njenge-Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) simulations ukubikezela ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo nokukhomba izindawo eziyingozi zokuvikelwa kokulayishwa ngokweqile kwe-rake kanye nezingozi zokubopha.
- Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokugeleza kwamanzi kuncike ekulinganisweni kobuningi obungaphakathi komugqa ngamamitha okujiya ezimbonini njengeLonnmeter, okuvumela ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sangempela. Ukulinganiswa kwamamitha okujiya kwamazinga ezimboni zezimayini kuqinisekisa ukufundwa okuthembekile kwezinto eziqinile zokugeleza kwamanzi, okusekela ukulawulwa kokujiya kokujiya kwamanzi.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwenqubo Kokulinganisa Ukusebenza kanye Nokutholwa Kwezinkinga
Ukuhlaziywa kwenqubo okuqhutshwa idatha sekuyisisekelo sokusebenza kahle kwe-thickener yokulinganisa ezindaweni zokumba ze-polymetallic.
- Imifudlana yedatha yenqubo eqhubekayo iyahlaziywa ukuze kutholakale izitayela zokugcwala okungaphansi kwamanzi, ukubalwa komthamo we-flocculant, ukuphuma kwephampu, kanye nemithwalo yemishini.
- Ukulinganisa kufaka phakathi ukuqinisekisa amamodeli e-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) ngokumelene namazinga okuxazulula abonwe kanye nemiphumela yokukhipha amanzi, ukuhlonza izithiyo ezifana nokuguquguquka kobuningi bokudla noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-reagent.
- Izindlela zokumba izinqubo zihlela imikhawulo yokusebenza, ziqaphe amazinga okukhipha, futhi zihlobanise izinkinga zokukhishwa kokugeleza kwamanzi nokuguquguquka kwe-ore ephezulu.
Izibonelo zamacala zifakazela ukuthi ngemva kokuhlolwa kwenqubo okuqondiwe, izitshalo zibone:
- Ukuzinza kokuhlushwa kwezinto eziqinile naphezu kokuguquguquka kokudla.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-flocculant okuncishisiwe—ukwehla okungaphezu kuka-16% ekuhlolweni okuningi.
- Kwehliswe isilinganiso se-torque ye-rake ngaphezu kuka-18%, okwaholela ekucinyweni okuncane kokulungiswa kanye nokwanda kwesikhathi sokusebenza.
Amasu Okuthuthukisa Okuqhubekayo: Ukulungisa Isilinganiso, Ukukhipha, kanye Nezindlela Zokushelela
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ephindaphindayo kubalulekile ezindleleni zokuphepha ze-thickener kanye nokusebenza kahle:
- Ukulinganisa i-Flocculant kwenziwa ngcono ngokuhlolwa kwe-laboratory batch kanye nokuhlolwa kwensimu, kulinganiswa ijubane lokusatshalaliswa kwenhlabathi kanye nokuxinana kwe-floc ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa komthamo we-polyelectrolyte okuhambisana nenqubo yokuzuza i-lead zinc ore.
- Amazinga okukhipha amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aguqulwa ngokuguquguqukayo kusetshenziswa abaguquli bemvamisa yepompo kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezisekelwe kumodeli. I-PID noma i-model predictive logic ihlanganisa impendulo yezinzwa—njengedatha yobuningi besikhathi sangempela se-Lonnmeter—ukugcina ubuningi obuphezulu bokugeleza kwamanzi.
- Izindlela zokushelela zilungiswa ngezilawuli eziguquguqukayo ezisebenzisa impendulo etholakala ezinzwa. Isibonelo, umhlahlandlela wokulungisa amamodeli we-FSI kanye ne-CFD-FEA kanye nokuthuthukiswa komklamo wokushelela kweshelela. Lokhu kuvimbela ukugcwala kweshelela nokubopha, okusekela ukusebenza okuqinile kwesikhathi eside.
Izinhlaka zokuthuthukisa eziqhubekayo nazo zihlanganisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokulungisa i-thickener njalo:
- Ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe kwezingxenye zemishini nezinhlelo zokulawula.
- Ukulinganiswa kwezinsimbi ezingaphakathi kanye namamitha obuningi ukuqinisekisa ukuqapha okunembile kokuhlushwa kwezinto eziqinile.
- Buyekeza futhi ubuyekeze izinhlelo zokuzenzakalela ze-thickener, uvumelanise idatha yenzwa ne-logic yokusebenza ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi.
Indlela ehlanganisiwe—ukuhlola, ukuhlaziya, kanye nokulawula okuphindaphindiwe—ivumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwesitshalo sokucubungula amaminerali, ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kokusebenza kwe-thickener, futhi inciphise izingozi ezibizayo. Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuhlelekile kusekela ukubuyiswa kwemithombo kanye nokongiwa kwamanzi, ukubhekana nezinselele ezihlukile zezimayini ze-polymetallic lead kanye ne-zinc.
Ukukhulisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokususa Amanzi kanye Nokusebenza Komnotho
Ukulinganisela ukugcwala kokugeleza okungaphansi kwe-thickener namandla kanye nezindleko ze-reagent kubalulekile emasu okususa amanzi emayini. Ezimayini ze-polymetallic lead kanye ne-zinc, ukubeka imigomo efanele yokugcwala kwe-underflow solids kubalulekile ngoba kunquma ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okupompa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-flocculant. Ukucindezela ukugcwala okuphezulu kakhulu kwandisa i-slurry viscosity kanye nokucindezeleka kwesivuno, kuphakamisa izidingo zamandla ephampu kanye nokuguguleka komshini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukugcwala okungaphansi kokusebenza kahle kuholela ekuphathweni kwamanzi ngokweqile, kudinga amazinga aphezulu okupompa kanye nokulinganisa okwengeziwe kwe-reagent ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza kokuqina kanye nenqubo. Indlela eqhutshwa idatha, ehlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okuqondene nesitshalo kanye namamodeli okwenza ngcono, ivumela ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwemigomo efanelana kahle nemingcele yezokuthutha kanye nemishini ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko eziphelele.
Imikhuba yokusebenza kuma-thickeners ezimboni kumele iqhube ukubuyiswa kwamanzi ngamandla, ilinganise ukuphepha, ukuphuma, kanye nemikhuba emihle yokugcinwa kwe-thickener. Kwaba-thickeners abanamandla kakhulu noma abanamathelayo, ukulawula ngokucophelela ukubalwa komthamo we-flocculant kanye nokwenza ngcono i-polyelectrolyte kubalulekile. Ukulinganisa i-reagent, okuhambisana ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kondliwe ukuguquguquka, kuqinisekisa ukwakheka kwe-floc okuqinile ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngokweqile futhi ngaleyo ndlela kugwema izindleko zokusebenza ezengeziwe noma ukusebenza okungekuhle kokukhipha amanzi. Imisebenzi yanamuhla ithembele ezinhlelweni ezithuthukisiwe zokuzenzakalela kwe-thickener—kusetshenziswa ukulinganisa kobuningi obungaphakathi (ngamadivayisi athembekile afana ne-Imitha yobuningi bezimboni yaseLonnmeter) kanye nokulinganiswa kwemitha yobuningi obuqhubekayo ezimweni zemboni yezimayini. Lokhu kulawulwa kwenqubo okuqinile kuqhuba ukuqina kokuqina kokuqina kokuqina futhi kwenza kube lula ukuphendula ngokushesha ekuphazamisekeni kwenqubo, kunciphisa kakhulu izingozi zokugcwala ngokweqile kwe-rake, ingozi yokubopha i-rake, kanye nokubanjwa kwe-rake. Ukwakhiwa kwe-rake ye-thickener kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini okusebenzayo kuyadingeka futhi ukuze kugwenywe ukumiswa kanye nezehlakalo zokuphepha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisebenzisa kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zobuningi zokulawulwa kwe-thickener okwenziwe ngcono zibalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono izitshalo zokucubungula amaminerali kanye nenqubo yokuzuza i-lead zinc ore. Izifundo ezifakazelwe kuzo zonke izihlanganisi eziningana ze-zinc-lead zibonisa ukuthi ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuhlushwa kwe-solids kanye nokulawulwa kokuxinana kwe-thickener okuqondisiwe kufeza ukuzinza kokugeleza ngaphakathi kuka-2-3% womklamo, ngokulondolozwa kwe-flocculant okungu-10-20% kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kufika ku-15% kokupompa i-tailings. Ukuqina kwenqubo okuthuthukisiwe kwenza kube nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwesitshalo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha noma izinhloso zokubuyisa amanzi. Ukulinganisa ukuxinana okuqondile kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ochwepheshe kuveza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela yokwenza ngcono umthamo we-flocculant ezimayini, kusekela ukuphathwa kwe-reagent okuqinile kanye nokuphazamiseka kwenqubo okumbalwa. Ukwanda kokubuyiselwa kwamanzi kunegalelo ngqo ekunciphiseni ukungenisa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nezinyathelo ezincane ze-tailings, kuthuthukisa ukuthobela imithetho kanye nokusimama kwemvelo.
Ukuqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-thickener solids okulungiselelwe akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza eziphelele, kukhulisa inzuzo yendawo. Ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushintshashintsha kobuningi kuyancishiswa—okuholela emazingeni okukhishwa azinzile, ukulinganisa okuncane, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha okukhulu kwamanzi enqubo. Lezi zinzuzo zidlulela kumandla, i-reagent, kanye nezindleko zamanzi, okuqinisa ngqo ukusebenza komnotho kwe-thickeners yezimboni ezindaweni zemayini ye-polymetallic lead-zinc.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko wesithambisi sezimboni emgodini we-polymetallic lead kanye ne-zinc?
Isithambisi sezimboni emayini ye-polymetallic lead-zinc sihlukanisa amanzi nezinto eziqinile ezitsheni zokucubungula amaminerali. Umsebenzi waso oyinhloko ukukhulisa ukubuyiswa kwamanzi nokugxila ezintweni eziqinile ngokudonswa kwamandla adonsela phansi. Ukugeleza okujiyile kuya ekulahleni kwemisele noma ekuzuzeni okwengeziwe, kuyilapho ukugcwala okucacisiwe kusetshenziswa kabusha njengamanzi enqubo. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemithombo futhi kusiza ukuhambisana nemikhawulo yokukhishwa kwemvelo.
Ukulawulwa kwe-thickener kokugcwala kwamanzi kukuvimbela kanjani izingozi zokubopha ireki?
Ukubopha i-thickener rake kwenzeka lapho ukugcwala kwe-solids kuphakama kakhulu, okwandisa ukumelana ne-torque endleleni ye-rake. Ukulawulwa kwesikhathi sangempela kokugcwala kwe-underflow - kusetshenziswa amamitha okuxinana aku-inthanethi kanye nezinhlelo zokuzenzakalela - kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-solids ayiqongeleli ngokweqile, okugcina i-torque ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwemishini, ukubanjwa kwe-rake, kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza esibizayo. Izinhlelo zokulawula, njengezilawuli ze-PID kanye nabaguquli bemvamisa, zilungisa ngenkuthalo izinga lokupompa kwe-underflow ukuze zilondoloze ukuxinana okuhle futhi zigweme ukuvaleka ngokomzimba.
Yiziphi izici ezithinta ukubalwa kwemithamo ye-flocculant kuma-thickeners e-rake?
Umthamo we-Flocculant uthonywa yiziguquguquko eziningana zenqubo:
- Izici zokudla: Okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile kanye nokwakheka kwamaminerali kunquma ukuthi ingakanani i-flocculant edingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinhlayiya ngempumelelo.
- Izinga lokugeleza kodaka: Ukugeleza okuphezulu kungadinga i-flocculant eyengeziwe ukuze kusheshiswe ukusatshalaliswa.
- Ukugcwala okufiswayo: Ubuningi bezinto eziqondiwe buthinta amandla okuhlanganisa kanye namazinga okuxazulula inkinga.
- Uhlobo lwensimbi kanye nengxube: Ama-ore e-polymetallic (izingxube ze-lead-zinc) aziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ekudleni kwe-single mineral.
- Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela: Izilawuli ezithuthukisiwe zisebenzisa ukulinganisa ubuningi obungaphakathi ukuze zilungise umthamo njengoba izimo zokudla zishintsha.
Ukwenza ngcono kuvimbela ukumunca ngokweqile, okunganciphisa ukuminyana kokugeleza kwamanzi futhi kwandise izindleko zamakhemikhali. Ukubalwa komthamo okuthembekile kudinga ukuqapha ukugeleza nokuminyana okunembile, njengemitha yobukhulu obubili noma izinhlelo ze-FBRM.
Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yezimbiwa futhi kusiza kanjani ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-thickener?
Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yamaminerali kubuyekeza ngokuhlelekile ukusebenza kwe-thickener—ukuhlola ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic, ukuziphatha kwe-rake mechanism, kanye nokuthembeka kwethuluzi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwasendaweni kanye namathuluzi okuhlaziya (isb., i-XRF, i-XRD) ukuthola ukungasebenzi kahle, ukulawula okubi, noma izinkinga zemishini. Imiphumela ikhomba ukuthuthuka okusebenzayo: ubuningi bokugeleza kwamanzi obuthuthukisiwe, amazinga angcono okususa amanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-flocculant okuncishisiwe, kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe (ukunciphisa ubungozi bokubopha i-rake). Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuqinisekisa nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zomthetho futhi kusekela amasu okuthuthukisa isitshalo sokucubungula amaminerali ahlanganisiwe.
Kungani ukulinganisa ubuningi obuphakathi kubalulekile ekulawuleni i-polymetallic thickener?
Ukulinganisa ubuningi obuqondile kunikeza ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokunembile kokuhlushwa kwe-slurry solids ezindaweni ezibalulekile ku-thickener. Amamitha obuningi azenzakalelayo, njengamamodeli "e-Lonnmeter", ondla idatha ebukhoma ukuze kucutshungulwe izinhlelo zokulawula. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwamazinga epompo kanye nemithamo ye-flocculant, kugcina ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nezinhloso zokuchichima. Izinhlelo eziqondile zinikeza impendulo esheshayo ekushintsheni kwezakhiwo zokudla, zivimbele ukugcwala ngokweqile kwereki futhi zinciphise ukuguguleka komshini. Umphumela uba ukusebenza okuphephile, ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokubuyiselwa kwamanzi okuthembekile, ikakhulukazi ezimayini ze-polymetallic lead-zinc lapho ukuhlukahluka kokudla kuvame khona.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-25-2025
