Ukuqapha ukugcwala kwe-ore slurry kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo yokugcwala kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ores. Inqubo yokugcwala incike ekumisweni kwezinhlayiya ezincane ze-ore emanzini, futhi isilinganiso esiqondile—ukugcwala kwe-slurry—sithinta ngqo ukusebenza kwenqubo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Indima Ekugelezeni Kwe-Ore ye-Tungsten-Molybdenum Ephumelelayo
Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuflotha i-tungsten-molybdenum ore zincike ekugcineni i-slurry ngaphakathi kwamazinga okuhlushwa afanele. Ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kuphakamisa i-viscosity futhi kuthinta kabi ukusebenzisana kwama-bubble-particle okubalulekile ekuhlukaniseni amaminerali, kuyilapho ukuhlushwa okuphansi kakhulu kungabangela ukubuyiselwa okunganele kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwama-reagent. Izinhlelo zokuqapha zesikhathi sangempela nezinembile, njengalezo ezisebenzisai-ultrasoundizinzwa, nikeza impendulo eqhubekayo, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi balungise amapharamitha enqubo ngokushesha. Lokhu kusekela kokubili ukukhulisa ukubuyiswa kwamaminerali abalulekile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezinqubo ezingezansi njengokususa amanzi nokuncibilikisa.
Ukulawulwa okunembile kokuhlushwa kwe-slurry kuthinta imihlahlandlela yokulinganisa yenqubo ye-molybdenum flotation reagents, okuthonya ngqo ukukhetha kokuhlukaniswa kanye nokuqina kwegwebu. Isibonelo, amamitha obuningi be-inthanethi e-Lonnmeter-brand asetshenziswa ezitshalweni eziningi ze-flotation ukuze kuvunyelwe impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ehambisanayo, esekela impendulo esheshayo ezinguqukweni zokusebenza kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-ore.
Ukuntanta Kwe-Ore ye-Tungsten-Molybdenum
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Umthelela Ekuthuthukisweni Kwenqubo Yokuntanta kanye Nemisebenzi Ephansi
Ukugcina ukuhlushwa kwe-slurry okulungile kubalulekile emasu okwenza ngcono inqubo yokuntanta. Ukuhlushwa kwe-slurry okuhambisanayo kuzinzisa igwebu lokuntanta, kuthuthukisa ukubuyiswa kwamaminerali, futhi kuvumela ukulungiswa okunembile kwesilinganiso se-reagent yokucubungula amaminerali. Lokhu, nakho, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kuizintambofuthi kuthuthukisa amazinga okugxila—izinkomba ezibalulekile zokusebenza kahle kokuntanta.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcwala kwe-slurry okuzinzile kwenza kube lula ukwakheka kwezinhlelo zamapayipi ezithwala ukugxila kanye nokukhethwa kwezixazululo zokuthutha ezigxile ezisebenzayo. Isibonelo, amapayipi athwala i-slurry ye-ore aklanywa ngokusekelwe ekugcwaleni okulindelekile ukuze kugwenywe ukuvinjelwa kanye nokuguguleka ngokweqile. Ukulungiswa kwe-buffer tank outlet nakho kungenzeka lapho ukugcwala kwe-inlet kubhekwa futhi kulawulwa ngokuthembekile, kunciphisa imiphumela yokukhuphuka kwe-surge ephazamisa ibhalansi yokugeleza kwezitshalo.
Ngaphansi, kuyasebenza kahleudaka lwe-oreIzindlela zokuhlunga zincike ekugxilweni kokudla okubikezelwayo. Ukuguquguquka kwenza kube nzima ukusebenza kwesihlungi, kuthinta ukuphuma, umswakama wekhekhe, kanye nokukhiqiza kwezitshalo jikelele. Ukunamathela emikhubeni emihle kakhulu ekuhlungeni i-ore slurry kulula ngokulawula okuqinile kokugxilwa kokudla okungaphezulu.
Ukubhekana Nezinga Eliphezulu Lokumbiwa Kwamaminerali kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Okuyinkimbinkimbi
Ama-ore e-tungsten-molybdenum avame ukubonakala ngezinga eliphezulu lokumbiwa kwamaminerali kanye ne-mineralogy eyinkimbinkimbi—kufaka phakathi ubumba, ama-silicates, nama-sulfide. Ukumbiwa kwamaminerali aphezulu kuletha izingxenyana eziphakeme ze-solids, okwandisa izinselele ekuthuthweni kwe-slurry kanye nokusebenza kwe-flotation. Ukuba khona kwamaminerali e-kaolinite kanye nobumba obuhle kuphakamisa ngokukhethekile i-slurry viscosity, kuvimbela ukuxubana, kunciphisa ukukhetha kwe-flotation, futhi kudinga ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo komthamo we-flotation reagent.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuhlukahluka, izinhlelo zokuqapha kumele zibhekele ukushintsha okusheshayo kwezici ze-slurry. Ukulinganiswa okuvamile kanye nokulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kuyadingeka ekusebenzeni kokucubungula ama-ore anezinhlanganisela zamaminerali ezahlukahlukene. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kosayizi wezinhlayiya, uhlobo lwamaminerali, kanye nokuhlushwa kusho ukuthi ukuqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela akuyona nje ithuluzi lokulawula ikhwalithi kodwa futhi kuyisidingo sokusebenza sokwenza ngcono amapharamitha emishini, njengejubane le-rotor kanye nesikhathi sokuhlala kweseli, kanye nokuqondisa ukungenelela kwamakhemikhali njengokulinganisa ama-dispersants (isb., i-sodium silicate) ukuze kulwiswane nama-viscosity spikes.
Lezi zinkimbinkimbi ziqinisa indima ebalulekile yezinhlelo zesikhathi sangempela ezithuthukisiwe ekulondolozeni ukubuyiswa okuphezulu kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kuzo zonke izigaba zesekethe yokuntanta kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ore.
Izisekelo ze-Tungsten-Molybdenum Flotation
Inqubo yokuntanta kwe-molybdenum igxile ekubuyiselweni okukhethiwe kwe-molybdenite (MoS₂) kusuka kuma-matrices e-ore ayinkimbinkimbi njenge-copper-molybdenum sulfides. Kumasu okuntanta kwe-molybdenum froth, ukuhlukaniswa kutholakala ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zomphezulu eziphikisanayo. Abaqoqi abafana ne-thionocarbamates, i-butyl xanthate, kanye ne-Reaflot bangezwa ukuze benze i-molybdenite ingabi manzi, okwenza kube lula ukunamathela kwayo kuma-bubble omoya akhuphukayo. Ama-frother (njenge-sodium dodecyl sulfate) aqinisekisa ukwakheka kwama-bubble okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina kwama-froth, kuyilapho ama-depressants kanye nama-modifiers ecindezela amaminerali angafuneki futhi athuthukise ukukhetha kwenqubo.
Ukuntanta okukhethayo kuhilela izinqubo ezihleliwe. Okokuqala, kukhiqizwa ama-concentrate e-copper-molybdenum bulk, bese i-molybdenum flotation ithuthukisa i-concentrate ngokuntanta i-molybdenite kude ne-chalcopyrite. Izinyathelo ze-hydrometallurgical, njenge-atmospheric nitric acid leaching, ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganiswa ngemva kokuntanta ukuze kukhishwe i-molybdenum ngendlela ephumelelayo, kutholakale imikhiqizo yezinga lokuhweba ngobumsulwa obuphezulu.
Ukuziphatha kwamaminerali e-molybdenite kanye ne-tungsten lapho entanta kunqunywa yi-chemistry yawo engaphezulu kanye nokusabela ezindleleni zokulawula ama-reagent. I-Molybdenite inesakhiwo sengqimba yemvelo esinika ukungoniwa kwamanzi ngaphakathi, okuthuthukiswa kakhulu yi-collector adsorption. Amaminerali e-Tungsten—scheelite (CaWO₄) kanye ne-wolframite ((Fe,Mn)WO₄)—abonisa ukungoniwa kwamanzi okuncane ebusweni, avame ukudinga ama-reagent okusebenza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuntanta. Ama-fatty acid (oleic acid, sodium oleate) ahlala engabaqoqi abayinhloko be-scheelite, kodwa ukukhetha kuyaphikiswa ngenxa yesakhiwo esifanayo sekristalu namaminerali e-gangue njenge-calcite ne-fluorite. Ama-activator e-metal ion (njenge-sodium silicate kanye ne-sodium sulfide) asetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-mineral surface charge, okukhuthaza ukungoniwa kwamanzi. Ama-depressants, kufaka phakathi ama-inorganic compounds (sodium silicate, sodium carbonate) kanye nama-polymers (carboxymethyl cellulose), afinyelela ekucindezelweni okukhethayo kwama-gangue ancintisanayo.
Ukubuyiselwa kwezinhlayiya ezincane kuyinselele ebalulekile ngaphakathi kokuntanta kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ore. Izinhlayiya ezingaphansi kwama-20 μm zibonisa amathuba aphansi okushayisana nokunamathela kuma-bubbles, zihlushwa ukuhlukana okusheshayo kuma-froth ashubile. Ukusebenza kahle kokubuyiselwa kokubili amaminerali e-molybdenite kanye ne-tungsten kwehla ngokushesha kuma-fraction acwebezelayo. Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, amasu okwenza ngcono inqubo agxile kumapharamitha okusebenza—njengokwenza ngcono umthamo we-reagent ekuntanta, ukugcina ubuningi be-pulp obufanele, kanye nokuhlanza ukuhamba komoya kanye namazinga okushukuma. Izinto ezintsha ze-reagent ezifana ne-combined collector emulsions ziveza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokuntanta kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-ore.
Ubunzima ekuhlukaniseni buvela ekufaneni phakathi kwamaminerali e-tungsten kanye nezigaba ze-gangue. I-Scheelite ne-calcite, noma i-fluorite, zabelana ngezakhiwo zekristalu ezifanayo kanye nezici zobuso, okwenza kube nzima ukuntanta okukhethayo. Imikhuba emihle kakhulu ekulungisweni komthamo we-reagent yokucubungula amaminerali ifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezintsha kanye nezidakamizwa ze-dual-function ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhetha. Izifundo zibonisa izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka ze-polymeric (isb., i-carboxymethyl cellulose) ezithuthukisa ukululama ngenkathi zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.
Ngamafuphi, izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuflotha i-tungsten-molybdenum ore zidinga ukulawulwa okunembile kwe-reagent chemistry, ukuminyana kwe-pulp, kanye nomklamo womshini. Ukungafani kwezakhiwo zamaminerali, ukusebenzisana kwabaqoqi kanye nabadambisa ukucindezeleka, kanye nezinselele zezinhlayiya ezincane kwakha isisekelo sokwenza ngcono inqubo. Ukulungiswa ngokucophelela kweziqondiso zokulinganisa i-flotation reagent, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zokuhlunga i-ore slurry eziqinile, kanye nokunaka ukwakheka kwepayipi elihambisa ukugxila kubalulekile ekugcineni izinga eliphezulu lokumbiwa kwamaminerali kanye nokubhekana nezinselele ekusebenzeni kahle kokuflotha.
Izinguquko Zokulawula Inqubo Ezithonya Ukugxila
Ithonya Lokulungiswa Kwesilinganiso Se-Reagent Ekusebenzeni Kokuntanta kanye Nokukhethwa Kwamaminerali
Inqubo yokuntanta kwe-molybdenum kanye nezindlela zokuntanta kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ore zincike ekulungisweni okunembile kwesilinganiso se-reagent ukuze kufezwe ukukhetha okuqondiwe kanye namazinga okubuyisa. Abaqoqi abavamile, njenge-xanthates yama-molybdenum kanye nama-fatty acid compounds amaminerali e-tungsten, badinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela. Abaqoqi abasebenzisa imithamo ngokweqile kunciphisa ukukhetha—okuvumela amaminerali e-gangue angafuneki ukuthi antante futhi angcolise i-concentrate. Izinto zokunciphisa umthamo, njenge-sodium sulfide noma i-sodium cyanide, ziyehluleka ukucindezela ithusi kanye nezinye izimbiwa eziphazamisayo, okuthinta ngqo ukukhetha kwe-molybdenum kumasekethe okuhlukaniswa kwe-copper-molybdenum. Ama-chelating agents afana nama-hydroxamic acid asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhetheni okulungisiwe kahle, ikakhulukazi ekuntanta kwe-scheelite, kodwa izindleko zawo kanye nobunzima bokusebenza zidinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kokulinganisa. Abaqoqi be-metal-organic complex babonise ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza lapho ama-reagents avamile ehluleka khona, ikakhulukazi kuma-ore ane-gangue matrices eyinkimbinkimbi noma ecebile nge-calcium. Izinqubo zokulinganisa ezivumelana nezimo—ezixhunywe ekuqapheni kokudla kwe-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela—zivumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kokuhlukahluka kwe-ore, zenza ngcono ukubuyiselwa kwamaminerali kanye nezinga lokugxila ngeqoqo ngalinye. Izifundo ziqokomisa ukuthuthuka okubonakalayo ekuvuneni lapho iziqondiso zokulinganisa i-reagent ziphathwa ngendlela enamandla ngokuphendula ukuguquguquka kokudla kanye noshintsho lwamakhemikhali wamanzi enqubo. Izigaba zokuntanta ezilandelanayo, ezihlanganiswe namasu okwenza ngcono umthamo kanye ne-pH enembile kanye nokukhetha i-frother, zithuthukisa njalo ukusebenza kahle kwesekethe iyonke.
Umphumela Wezinga Eliphezulu Lokumbiwa Kwamaminerali Ezimpahleni Zodaka, Ukuzinza Kwegwebu, kanye Nokubuyiselwa Kokuntanta
Izinga eliphezulu lokumbiwa kwamaminerali libhekisela kuma-slurries anokuqukethwe okuphezulu okuqinile kanye nokuhlushwa kwezinhlayiya ezincane. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu i-viscosity, kushintsha isimo se-rheological se-slurry. I-viscosity eyengeziwe ikhuthaza ukubuyiselwa kwensimbi ngokugcina izinhlayiya ezincane zamaminerali zimisiwe, kodwa futhi kuphakamisa ingozi yokufakwa kwe-gangue, kwehlisa ubumsulwa bokugxila. Ukuqina kwe-froth kuwumsebenzi oqondile we-slurry rheology—i-slurry eqine kakhulu ikhuthaza ama-froth aqhubekayo, nakuba ngokuvamile ilahlekelwa ukukhetha, njengoba amaminerali amaningi angewona aqondiwe ethwalwa ungqimba lwe-froth. Amaminerali afana ne-kaolinite noma ezinye izingxenyana zobumba andisa i-viscosity ngokwakha izakhiwo ezincane ezihlangene, okwenza ukuntanta kungasebenzi kahle. Izinto ezihlukanisayo ezifana ne-sodium hexametaphosphate kanye ne-sodium silicate zifakwa njalo ukuze kuncishiswe i-viscosity, kuthuthukiswe ukuhlakazeka, futhi kubuyiselwe ibhalansi phakathi kokubuyiselwa kwezinhlayiya ezikhethiwe kanye nekhwalithi ye-froth. Ukulawulwa kwe-rheological kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-outlet yethangi le-buffer kanye nomklamo wepayipi elihambisa i-concentrate, ukuqinisekisa izixazululo zokuthutha ezigxile kahle ezimweni eziphezulu ze-mineralization. Ukugcina izici zokugeleza kwe-slurry ezifanele kakhulu kuyimfuneko yokugcina amazinga okuntanta, kusiza ekuzinzeni kwenqubo kanye nokunciphisa izidingo zamandla. Ukuhlunga i-vaccum kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha ye-thickener kusekela kakhulu ukuphatha ubuningi kanye nomswakama ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele lokuphathwa kwe-downstream.
Imiphumela Yekhwalithi Yokuhlunga I-Ore Slurry Ekuhlanzekeni Nokuphathwa Kokugxila
Ikhwalithi yokuhlunga ye-ore slurry iyisici esibalulekile sokuhlanzeka kokugxila ekujuleni kwe-tungsten-molybdenum. Umswakama ophansi ngemva kokuhlunga kunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi, kuphakamisa ngqo ukuhlanzeka kokugxila ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ze-pelletizing noma zokuncibilikisa. I-pH ye-slurry efanele - etholakala iseduze no-6.8 ezinhlelweni ezicebile ngensimbi kodwa izimiso ezifanayo ezisetshenziswa kuma-ore e-tungsten-molybdenum - yehlisa umswakama wekhekhe futhi ithuthukise izici zokuphatha. Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nokucindezela kokuhlunga, isikhathi somjikelezo, kanye nephesenti lama-feed solids zilungiswa ngokuhlelekile kusetshenziswa imikhuba emihle kakhulu ekuhlungeni i-ore slurry. Intuthuko ekulinganisweni komswakama omncane kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo (ingxenye engenalutho, ubuningi bekhekhe) isetshenziselwa ukulawula ikhwalithi okunembile, kunciphisa ingozi yamanzi asele aphazamisa ukucutshungulwa kokugxila okulandelayo. Ukuhlunga okubi kuphakamisa izindleko zokuhamba, kwandisa izingozi zemvelo ngenxa yokuphathwa kwamanzi, futhi kungaphazamisa amapayipi okugxila noma ukusebenza kwethangi le-buffer. Ukuhlunga okusebenzayo kwe-slurry akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo obuthembekile, kodwa futhi kusekela nomthamo wokukhipha, kuthuthukisa ukubuyiswa kwamanzi, futhi kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza okuhlobene namakhekhe okuhlunga angazinzile.
Imizamo yokwenza ngcono iziguquguquko zokulawula inqubo yokuntanta zihlanganisa ukulungiswa komthamo we-reagent yokucubungula amaminerali, ukwakheka kwepayipi elidlulisela ukugxila, kanye nokwenza ngcono i-buffer tank outlet. Ukuhlanganisa ukuqapha okuthuthukisiwe—njengezinhlelo zenzwa ye-Lonnmeter—kunika amandla ukuphathwa okuzivumelanisa nezimo kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuqinisekisa ukugxila kanye nobumsulwa obuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuntanta kanye nokuphathwa.
Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okuqapha Ukugxila Kwe-Slurry
Ukuqapha okuphumelelayo kokuhlushwa kwe-ore slurry kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo yokuntanta kwe-tungsten-molybdenum. Ukulawula ezindaweni eziqakathekile—kusukela kumapayipi okuhambisa i-concentrate kuya endaweni yokukhipha ithangi le-buffer kanye namayunithi okuhlunga—kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwenqubo, ukulinganisa okusebenzayo kwe-reagent, kanye nokubuyiselwa kwamaminerali okuphezulu. Ngezansi kunezindawo ezibalulekile okugxilwe kuzo kanye namasu azo angcono kakhulu.
Imisebenzi Yokuhambisa Amapayipi Ngokugxilisa Ukugxila
Ukuzinza kokuthuthwa kwe-slurry kumapayipi agxilile kubalulekile ekucutshungulweni okuqhubekayo komfula. Ukuguquguquka kokuhlushwa kwe-slurry kungabangela ukuvinjelwa kwamapayipi, ukuguguleka ngokweqile, noma ukupompa okungasebenzi kahle. Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, izitshalo zokucubungula zanamuhla zisebenzisa ukuqapha ukuminyana kwe-slurry okuqondile—ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa izinzwa ze-Lonnmeter. Lezi zilinganiso zobuningi besikhathi sangempela zivumela opharetha ukuthi:
- Lungisa isivinini sephampu kanye namazinga okugeleza kwamapayipi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze ugcine amaphesenti ezinto eziqinile eziqondiwe.
- Thola ngokushesha ukuphambuka okungase kubonise ukuqina, ukusantiwa, noma ukushisa ngokweqile ngaphakathi kwepayipi.
- Sekela ukusatshalaliswa kwe-reagent okuhle kakhulu ngokuxhumanisa idatha yobuningi nezinhlelo zokulinganisa ezizenzakalelayo.
Ukuthuthwa kokugxila okuzinzile ngamapayipi aqashwe kahle kubalulekile ekuphathweni kokugxila okuphumelelayo futhi kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwesekethe ebanzi yokuntanta, ekugcineni kukhulisa amazinga okubuyisa i-tungsten ne-molybdenum.
Ukuqapha Nokulungisa I-Buffer Tank Outlet
Amathangi e-buffer asebenza njengezigaba ezibalulekile zokulinganisa, enza kube bushelelezi ukuguquguquka kokudla futhi adale ukuphakelwa kwe-slurry okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokuntanta kwe-molybdenum. Izindlela ezibalulekile zokulawula endaweni yokukhipha ithangi le-buffer zifaka:
- Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo okuqondile kokuhlushwa kwe-slurry kanye nobuningi (futhi, ngokuvamile ngezinzwa ze-Lonnmeter).
- Ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwama-valve okukhipha noma amaphampu ngokusekelwe ekufundweni kwesikhathi sangempela ukuze kulondolozwe ukugxila kokudla okuzinzile.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-agitator asebenza ngesivinini esithuthukisiwe, okuqinisekisa ukumiswa okufanayo kwezinto eziqinile ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa noma ukuphakama kokuhlushwa okungalindelekile.
Ukuphathwa kwethangi le-buffer okuphumelelayo kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa iziqondiso zokulinganisa i-flotation reagent ngokunembile. Ngokuhlanganisa imiphumela yenzwa nezihibe zokulawula eziguquguqukayo, opharetha bavimbela kokubili ukungalingani kanye nokweqisa—izimo ezinganciphisa ukukhetha noma ukululama ezindleleni zokulinganisa i-tungsten-molybdenum ore.
Isibonelo, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukwenza ngokuzenzakalela impendulo phakathi kwezinzwa zethangi le-buffer kanye namayunithi okulinganisa ama-reagent kuholela ekuzinzeni okuthuthukisiwe kwe-flotation kanye nokufana kwebanga lokugxila, kunciphisa ukungenelela ngesandla kanye nephutha.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kokuhlolwa Kwesimo Sokuhlunga
Izinqubo zokuhlunga ngemva kokuntanta kumele zihlanganiswe eduze nezindlela zokuqapha ukugcwala kwe-slurry. Ukuhlunga okusebenzayo kunquma izinga lokugcina lomswakama kanye nezinga lokumbiwa kwamaminerali, okuthinta ngqo ukucutshungulwa kwe-downstream kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Imikhuba emihle kakhulu ekuhlungeni i-slurry ye-ore ifaka:
- Ukulandelela kwesikhathi sangempela kokuphakelayo kanye nobuningi bokuhlunga ngamathuluzi angaphakathi.
- Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kokusebenza kahle kokuhlunga ukuze kuqalwe isenzo sokulungisa (isb., ukulungisa ubude bomjikelezo we-vacuum noma wokuhlunga).
- Ukuxhumanisa izinhlelo zokulawula ukuhlunga nokuqapha ukungcola okuphezulu, okuvumela ukulungiswa kokubikezela ukuze kusingathwe ukuguquguquka kwezimo zokudla.
Ukuhlolwa okuhlanganisiwe kusiza ukubhekana nezinselele eziphezulu zezinga lokusatshalaliswa kwamaminerali ekuntanteni, kuthuthukisa ukususwa kwamanzi ngenkathi kulondolozwa ikhwalithi yokugxila. Izindlela ezithuthukisiwe—njengokukhishwa kwe-microbubble flotation—zibonisa ukuthi ukugcina ukugxila kwe-slurry okuqondiwe kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-hydrophobic complex, okuholela ekubuyiselweni okuphezulu kwe-molybdenum kanye nokulahlekelwa okuncane kwe-tungsten.
Isibonelo Sokugeleza Komsebenzi
- I-ore slurry iphuma kumaseli okuntanta bese ingena emathangini okugcina amanzi.
- Izinzwa zeLonnmeter zihlala ziqapha ukuminyana kwe-slurry endaweni yokukhipha ithangi le-buffer.
- Ukulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokushukuma kusabela ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kugcinwe amazinga aqinile ezinto eziqinile.
- I-slurry ezinzile idlula ngepayipi lokugxila, kanye nedatha yobuningi besikhathi sangempela evumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo.
- Ezigabeni zokuhlunga, ukuqapha okuqondile kusekela ukuhlonza ngokushesha ukuphambuka kwenqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kwamanzi okuphumelelayo.
Ngokufaka ukuqapha okuphelele kulezi zindawo ezibalulekile, izitshalo zinciphisa ngokuhlelekile ukushintshashintsha kwenqubo, zithuthukise amasu okwenza ngcono inqubo yokuntanta, futhi ziqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo kulo lonke isekethe lokuntanta le-tungsten-molybdenum.
Imishini Yokucubungula I-Molybdenum Flotation
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Amasu Namathuluzi Okulinganisa Ukugxila Okunembile
Ukuqapha ngokunembile ukugcwala kwe-ore slurry ekujuleni kwe-tungsten-molybdenum kuyitshe elibalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono kokubili ukusebenza kahle kwe-flotation kanye namazinga okubuyisa. Ukukhetha kanye nokusebenza kwezinsimbi ezifanele, izindlela zokulungiselela amasampula, kanye namasu okuhlanganisa kubalulekile ekulawuleni inqubo okuthembekile.
Izinketho Zokusebenzisa Izinsimbi Nezinzwa Eziku-inthanethi
Ubuchwepheshe obuningana bunikeza isilinganiso sesikhathi sangempela sokuhlushwa kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ore slurry:
Ama-flowmeter e-Coriolisaletha izilinganiso eziqondile nezinembile zokugeleza kwesisindo kanye nobuningi be-slurry. Njengoba i-slurry idlula emapayipini ayo adlidlizayo, ukushintsha kwesigaba kuhunyushwa kube idatha yobuningi besikhathi sangempela. Lawa mamitha aqinile ngokumelene nezinguquko ekushiseni kanye nomthwalo wezinhlayiya, abalulekile kuma-matrices aguquguqukayo ezinqubo ze-molybdenum flotation. Inzuzo eyinhloko ukunemba kwawo, ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokumbiwa kwamaminerali, okubalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi ye-flotation ezinzile kanye nokulungisa umthamo we-reagent ngokunembile. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zawo zokufakwa nokugcinwa zingaba phezulu kunezinye izindlela.
Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonichlinzeka ngokuqapha okuqinile, okungangenisi ukungcola ngokulinganisa isikhathi esithathwa amagagasi e-ultrasonic ukudlula ku-slurry, kunqunywe ukugeleza kwevolumu kanye nobuningi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukuvaleka nokuhuzuka kuyizinkinga zenqubo noma lapho isikhathi sokungasebenzi njalo sokulungisa singamukeleki. Nakuba kungaqondile ekugelezeni okukhulu njengemitha ye-Coriolis, izinzwa ze-ultrasonic zingafaneleka lapho impendulo esheshayo kanye nokugcinwa okuphansi kubekwa phambili.
I-LonnmeterIzinzwa Zokuhlushwa Okuludakasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-ultrasonic ukuze ulandelele ubuningi obungaphakathi. Lezi zinzwa zihlangana nezinhlelo zokulawula izinqubo ukuze kutholakale impendulo esheshayo, okuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono okuqhubekayo kwamapharamitha okuntanta, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kokuphuma kwethangi le-buffer kanye namazinga okugeleza kwephayiphi eligxilile. Ubufakazi basensimini bubonisa ukuthi ukufundwa okunembile okuvela kuzinzwa ze-Lonnmeter kusekela ngqo amasu okwenza ngcono inqubo yokuntanta, kuthuthukisa izixazululo zokuthutha ezigxilile, futhi kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kokuvumelana kwe-slurry.
Izindlela Ezinhle Zokuhlanganiswa Nokuthuthukiswa Kokugeleza Kwe-Flotation
Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kokuqapha ukuhlushwa kumasekethe okuntanta kuthuthukisa ukusebenza:
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinzwa Nokulawulwa Kwenqubo:Izinzwa eziqondile, njengalezo ezivela eLonnmeter, kufanele zixhunywe ngqo ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezisatshalaliswa (i-DCS) noma kubalawuli be-logic abahlelekayo (ama-PLC). Lokhu kuvumela idatha yokuhlushwa kwesikhathi sangempela ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo iziqondiso zokulinganisa i-flotation reagent, izinhloso ze-pH, amazinga omoya, kanye neminye imingcele ebalulekile—okwakha ukulawulwa kwe-closed-loop ukuze kuphendulwe ngokushesha kwenqubo. Abasebenzi kufanele basebenzise amamodeli ezinzwa ezithambile, njengenethiwekhi ye-LSTM neural, njengezingqimba zokuqapha ezingakhethwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokwengeziwe ezimweni zezitshalo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezishintsha ngokushesha.
Izinqubo Zokuthatha Amasampula:Izinqubo zokuqoqa nokuphatha amasampula ezihambisanayo kumele zisungulwe futhi ziqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yezinzwa eziku-inthanethi kanye nemiphumela yelabhorethri iyahambisana. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwephayiphi lokuhambisa ukugxila ukuze kuncishiswe izindawo ezifile futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuxubana okumelelayo, kanye nokwenza ngcono indawo yokukhipha ithangi le-buffer ukuze kuqiniswe ukugeleza kokuhlaziywa okungezansi komfula.
Ukulinganisa Nokulungisa:Ukulinganisa njalo ngezindlela zelebhu ezithembekile, kanye nokuqapha ukukhukhuleka, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuvumelana. Imikhuba yokulungisa kumele ivumelane nemishini ekhethiwe—amamitha e-Coriolis adinga ukuhlanzwa njalo, kuyilapho izinzwa ze-ultrasonic kanye nemigqa ye-Lonnmeter zithola ukuqinisekiswa kwesignali okuvamile kanye nokuhlolwa kokungcola.
Impendulo Yedatha Yokuthuthukisa Ama-Reagent:Zonke izinhlelo zokulinganisa zesikhathi sangempela kufanele zifake ngqo kuma-algorithms noma eziqondisweni zomsebenzisi zokwenza ngcono umthamo we-reagent eku-flotation. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kokubili ukukhetha kwenqubo yoku-flotation ye-molybdenum kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko kanye nomthelela emvelweni.
Ngokusebenzisa ngokuhlelekile la mathuluzi namasu okuqapha, abaprosesa bamaminerali bangabhekana nezinselele eziphakeme zokuncibilika kwamaminerali ekuntanteni futhi balondoloze ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo ezimweni zokudla ezahlukahlukene kanye nokwakheka komzimba we-ore.
Amasu Okuthuthukisa Inqubo Yokuntanta
Ukulungisa umthamo we-reagent kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo yokuntanta kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ores. Ukuguquguquka kwezici ze-ore—njengezinga lokuntanta, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlamvu, kanye nokuba khona kwamaminerali e-gangue—kudinga iziqondiso zokulinganisa i-reagent eziguquguqukayo, eziqhutshwa idatha. Izindlela ezifakazelwe zifaka phakathi ukusampula okuqhubekayo kanye nokulungiswa komthamo okuphindaphindiwe okusekelwe kuzilinganiso zokuhlushwa kwe-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nezinzwa ze-Lonnmeter eziletha impendulo esheshayo. Isibonelo, lapho ukuntanta kwe-ore kukhuphuka, izilinganiso zokuqoqa ezikhethiwe zivame ukudinga ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo ukuze kulungiswe ukukhululwa okunciphile nokugcina ukuzinza kwe-froth. Amamodeli endlela yokuphendula asetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukusebenzisana kwe-reagent nokubikezela isivuno sokukhipha, ukuqinisekisa ukuzivumelanisa nenqubo yokuntanta kwe-molybdenum okuphumelelayo.
Amasu okulawula athuthukisiwe asebenzisa idatha yenqubo ye-multivariate, esebenzisa izinzwa ze-Lonnmeter eziku-inthanethi ukuze kuphendulwe inqubo eguquguqukayo. Kuma-ore anezinga eliphezulu lokumbiwa phansi, ukulinganiswa kabusha komthamo oqhutshwa yinzwa okuvamile kubala i-pH eguquguqukayo kanye nezilinganiso eziqinile kuya koketshezi, kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamaminerali abalulekile. Ngesikhathi sobuchwepheshe be-froth flotation be-molybdenum, ukufanisa uhlobo lomqoqi kanye nohlelo lokucindezeleka ekucubungulweni kwe-mineralogy—okusekelwa ukuqapha okusemgqeni—kuthinta ngqo amazinga ebanga kanye nokubuyiselwa. Isibonelo esisebenzayo ukusetshenziswa okuqondiwe kwama-synergistic modifier, njenge-mixed bio-based depressants, asetshenziswa ngokukhetha lapho amaminerali e-gangue afana ne-fluorite ekhuphuka, ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kocwaningo lwaphezulu.
Ukuthuthukisa ukubuyiswa kwezinhlayiya ezincane kusalokhu kugxilwe kakhulu ezindleleni zokuflotha kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ore. Ukuflotha okuvamile kuvame ukunganele kwezinhlayiya ze-tungsten ezincane nezincane kakhulu kanye ne-molybdenite. Ukuflotha kwe-oil agglomerate (OAF) kunikeza ikhambi elithuthukisiwe, kusetshenziswa ukulinganisa kwamafutha okulawulwayo kanye nokunyakaza ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinhlawulo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuntanta kwazo. Izifundo zibonisa ukubaluleka kokwenza ngcono amapharamitha okusebenza e-OAF—ivolumu yamafutha, ububanzi bosayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nokuqina kokunyakaza—ukuze kufezwe ukululama okuphezulu kusuka ezinsaleleni zezimboni kanye ne-feedstock. Isibonelo, i-OAF yandise amazinga okubuyiselwa kwe-molybdenite kusuka ezinsaleleni ezincane ngokulungisa izakhiwo zamafutha kanye ne-slurry kanye nokusebenzisa ukwengeza kwe-reagent okulawulwa yinqubo, okwenza kube ngcono ukuflotha okujwayelekile kwensimbi-organic complex kwalolu hlelo losayizi wezinhlayiya.
Izilawuli zokusebenza kumele zihlanganise ukuqapha okuqinile nokungenelela okuqondiwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahlekelwa kokugxila futhi kwandiswe izinga. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokugxila ngesikhathi sangempela ngezinzwa zeLonnmeter kuma-circuit node abalulekile, njengezindawo zokubeka amathangi e-buffer kanye nezindawo zokuxhumanisa amapayipi ezihlanganisa ukugxila, kuvumela ukulungiswa komthamo we-reagent okusheshayo kanye nokulungiswa kokugeleza. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziqinile okuphawulwe epayipini kungabangela izinguquko ezizenzakalelayo emazingeni okuphakelwa kokuntanta, ukuqina kokunyakaza komshini, noma ukujikeleza komqoqi/ukucindezeleka. Izixazululo zokuthutha ukugxila ezisebenza kahle, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kohlelo lwamapayipi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthuthwa kokungcola kanye nokwenza ngcono ijubane lokungcola, kuthuthukiswe futhi ukudluliselwa kokugxila okuphansi, okuphansi.
Izindlela zokuhlunga i-ore slurry zihlanganisiwe ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenqubo kanye nekhwalithi yokugxila engezansi. Imikhuba emihle kakhulu ekuhlungeni i-ore slurry igcizelela ukukhethwa kwemidiya yokuhlunga eguquguqukayo eyenzelwe ukwakheka kwe-slurry, ukuqina kokudla, kanye nokuqukethwe komswakama okufiselekayo. Ukuhlunga okufanele akugcini nje ngokubeka ukudla esimeni sokuntanta nokudlulisa, kodwa futhi kusekela nokulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwe-reagent futhi kuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo ngenxa yemithwalo eqinile eguquguqukayo.
Ukuhlanganisa ukunqunywa kwe-reagent okulungiselelwe, ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuthuthukisiwe—kufaka phakathi ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela okusekelwe eLonnmeter—kanye nokulungiswa kokusebenza okuqondiwe kuletha ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kwesekethe ye-tungsten-molybdenum flotation. Ama-reagent akhethwe ngokuhambisanayo kanye nezinqubo zokulawula ndawonye kwandisa amazinga okubuyisa, kuphakamisa amazinga okugxila, futhi kunciphise umthelela wemvelo kanye nezindleko zama-reagent kuzo zonke izifuyo ze-ore eziguquguqukayo.
Ukuthuthukisa Imisebenzi Engaphansi Komfula: Ukudlulisa Nokuhlunga
Ukudlulisa nokuhlunga okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo yokuntanta kwe-molybdenum. Ukuklama nokusebenza kahle kwamapayipi okugxila kunciphisa ukuvinjelwa futhi kugcine ukudlula okuhambisanayo. Imikhuba ebalulekile ifaka phakathi ukusebenzisa izinto ezingamelani nokuguguleka ezingxenyeni ezigugile kakhulu kanye nokulinganisa amapayipi ukuze kuhambisane nokugcwala kwe-slurry solids kanye namazinga okugeleza, ukuvimbela ukuqina nokwakheka kwama-plug. Ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nemikhuba yokuhlanza kusiza ekutholeni nasekususeni izithiyo, kuyilapho ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokwehluka kwengcindezi kuzo zonke izingxenye zamapayipi kunikeza isixwayiso kusenesikhathi samadiphozithi noma ukwakheka, kusekela ukuthuthwa okungaphazanyiswa.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-buffer tank outlet kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni ukulethwa kwe-ore slurry ezinhlelweni zokuhlunga. Amathangi kumele afake izindlela zokumiswa, njengezi-agitator ezibekwe ngendlela efanele ezinezilungiselelo zamandla ezilungisekayo, ukugcina izinhlayiya zisatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo, noma amazinga ethangi eshintsha ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukubekwa kahle kwe-outlet kuncike ekugcineni "isivinini sokumiswa nje" kanye nokuphakama kwamafu, ukunciphisa ukuqina kwezinhlayiya kanye nokugwema amazinga okuphakela angaguquki. Ama-baffle angaphakathi kanye ne-contours yokugeleza okubushelelezi kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-slurry iphuma ngendlela elawulwayo, ezinzile, inciphisa i-turbulence futhi isekele ukuzinza kwenqubo engezansi. Imiklamo kufanele icabangele ukuziphatha okungeyona i-Newtonian kwe-slurry ene-mineralization ephezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamabhokisi okusabalalisa anokuzimela kwe-hydraulic kokugeleza okuningi kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka.
Uma i-ore slurry ifinyelela ekuhlungeni, ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yokugxila kanye nokulawulwa komswakama. Izindlela zokuhlunga ingcindezi—njengokucindezela kwepuleti nohlaka kanye nepuleti le-membrane plate—zihamba phambili ekufinyeleleni okuqukethwe okuphansi komswakama. Kulezi zinhlelo, i-slurry iphoqelelwa ngokusebenzisa imidiya yokuhlunga ngokucindezela okusetshenzisiwe, okwenza ikhekhe. Ipuleti le-membrane lesizukulwane esilandelayo licindezela i-membrane ukuze licindezelwe okwesibili, likhiphe amanzi amaningi futhi likhiqize i-concentrate eyomile, esezingeni eliphezulu, efanelekela izindlela ze-tungsten-molybdenum flotation. Lezi zingcindezi zibonisa ukunciphisa isikhathi somjikelezo, ukuphuma okukhulu, kanye nokuwasha okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuphathwa kwamapuleti ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka kanye nokugcinwa okuncishisiwe.
Ukuhlunga i-vacuum, okusetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yobulula bayo, kusebenzisa i-vacuum ukususa uketshezi ku-slurry, okuveza umkhiqizo onomswakama osele ophezulu. Nakuba kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa okungadingi kakhulu noma lapho kungadingeki khona imingcele eqinile yomswakama, izinhlelo ze-vacuum ngokuvamile zidinga izinyathelo zokomisa ngemva kokuhlunga. Emisebenzini ethuthukisiwe, izindlela zezigaba eziningi zivamile—ukususa amanzi kokuqala nge-vacuum, kulandelwe ukuhlunga ingcindezi noma ukomisa ngokushisa—ukulinganisela umthamo wokusebenzisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nezindinganiso zobumsulwa obugxilile.
Ukuqapha okuzenzakalelayo kunegalelo emasu okuthuthukisa inqubo yokuntanta, ikakhulukazi ekulawuleni umswakama kanye nokuvumelana kokuphuma kwawo. Izinhlelo zenzwa zesikhathi sangempela ezifana neLonnmeter zilinganisa ukugcwala kwe-slurry kanye nokugeleza, zihlanganiswa nezilawuli zenqubo yokuhlunga ukuze zilungise ngokuguquguqukayo ukuminyana kwe-underflow kanye nokulinganisa i-reagent. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zibonise ukuthembeka kwemishini okuthuthukisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent okuncishisiwe, kanye nokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo okungahleliwe ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali kanye nezimayini ze-lead-zinc. Ukuqapha okuzenzakalelayo kusekela izixazululo zokuthutha ezigxile kahle kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphuma kwethangi le-buffer, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo ezingezansi zigcina amazinga okusebenza afanele.
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlunga zidinga ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga obuhambisana nezici zokugxila kanye nezidingo ezisezansi. Kuma-concentrate e-tungsten ne-molybdenum, imishini yokucindezela i-membrane plate ecindezela kakhulu inikeza okuqukethwe komswakama okuphansi kakhulu okufinyelelekayo kanye nezikhathi zomjikelezo ezisheshayo, okusekela izidingo zokuthutha kanye nokucubungula okwengeziwe. Ukuzenzakalela kanye nezingxenye zokuhlunga ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezingagugi kusiza ukukhulisa isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokukhiqiza kokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa njalo komklamo wethangi lamapayipi kanye ne-buffer, kanye nokuqapha kokuhlushwa okuzenzakalelayo, kusekela ngqo izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlunga i-ore slurry kanye nokulungiswa komthamo we-reagent yokucubungula amaminerali, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle okusezansi.
Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Ngezemvelo Nokusebenza
Izinga eliphezulu lokumbiwa kwamaminerali kumasekethe okuntanta liletha izinselele ezihlukile zokuzinza kwenqubo, ikakhulukazi ekuntanta kwe-molybdenum. Amandla aphezulu e-ionic emanzini enqubo ashintsha izakhiwo zamaminerali futhi athinta ukusebenza kahle kwabaqoqi kanye nabadambisa ukucindezeleka. Isibonelo, i-sodium metabisulfite icindezela ngokukhetha i-chalcocite ngenkathi ithuthukisa ukubuyiselwa kwe-molybdenite, noma ngabe ukuqongelela kwe-ion kusongela ukukhetha kwe-reagent kanye nokuqina kwenqubo iyonke. Ukuhlanganisa i-sodium metabisulfite nabaqoqi be-thionocarbamate kuvame ukuveza ukukhetha okuphezulu kanye nokubuyiselwa kwe-molybdenum ezindleleni eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation, uma nje i-chemistry yamanzi ilawulwa ngokuqinile.
Ukulawulwa kwemvelo ngaphansi kokumbiwa kwamaminerali okunamandla kugxile ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi kanye nokuncibilika kwensimbi esindayo ezicutshini. Izinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi ezifana nokufaka umoya kanye nokuxiliswa kwe-Fenton kunciphisa ngempumelelo isidingo se-oxygen yamakhemikhali (i-COD), kusekela ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo yemvelo kanye nokunciphisa izingozi zokudonswa kwensimbi esindayo. Naphezu kokusebenza kahle kwazo, lezi zinqubo ze-oxidation ezithuthukisiwe azivamile kakhulu ezimbonini ngenxa yezindleko kanye nobunzima bokusebenza.
Ukuphatha ibhalansi yamanzi kuyisithiyo esiqhubekayo sokusebenza kumasekethe okuntanta. Ukuphinda usebenzise amanzi njalo, okudingekayo ukuze kuqhubeke ukuzinza ezindaweni ezingenamanzi amaningi, kuholela ekuqongeleleni kwama-ion nama-reagent asele—lokhu kuthinta kabi ukuzinza kwegwebu kanye nomsebenzi wokucindezeleka. Imikhuba emihle yokusebenza ifaka phakathi ukuqapha ukuguquguquka kwesizini kanye nokwezindawo emanzini enqubo kanye nokuqala izindlela zokuhlunga eziguquguqukayo, njengokucaciswa kwe-physicochemical kanye nokufakwa kwe-sedimentation. Ukulungiswa kwe-buffer tank outlet kubalulekile ukuze kuqiniswe izikhathi zokuhlala kwe-hydraulic, kuncishiswe imiphumela yokuqhuma, futhi kugcinwe ukusabalala kwe-reagent okuhambisanayo kanye nezakhiwo ze-slurry.
Ukuthuthukisa umthamo we-reagent eku-flotation kubalulekile lapho kusingathwa ama-slurry anamaminerali amaningi. Umthamo oqondile wama-depressants, abaqoqi, kanye nama-pH modifiers uqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo kwamaminerali futhi kunciphisa ukukala emapayipini nasemathangini e-buffer. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-BK511 njengesidambisi kubonise ukwanda kwe-molybdenum concentrate grade kanye nokululama uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sodium hydrosulfide yendabuko, kuyilapho kunciphisa ingozi yokukala kanye nokuvinjelwa kwamapayipi. Izixazululo zokuthutha ama-concentrate ezisebenza kahle, ngamapayipi ahambisa ama-concentrate aklanywe ngokuqinile, asekela ukugeleza okuqhubekayo futhi enze lula ukugcinwa.
Ukuphathwa kwe-slurry kumele kubhekane nokujiya, ukuklwebheka, kanye nokugcwala kwezinto eziqinile okubangelwa ukuncishiswa kwamaminerali amaningi. Izindlela zokuhlunga i-slurry ore—njengokuhlunga ingcindezi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-fine mesh—zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kusayizi wezinhlayiya, okuqukethwe kwamaminerali, kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi ye-filtrate. Imikhuba emihle kakhulu ekuhlungeni i-slurry ore ihilela ukuhlunga okuhleliwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukululama nokunciphisa ukungcola kwe-filtrate, kuvikelwe ukusebenza kwe-flotation engezansi kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi.
Iziqondiso zokulinganisa ama-reagent zincoma ukulinganiswa nokulungiswa njalo ngokusekelwe ezicini ze-ore kanye nedatha yesikhathi sangempela. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kusetshenziswa amathuluzi anembile njenge-Lonnmeter kwenza ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi komthamo we-reagent wokucubungula amaminerali, kusiza ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa nokusekela ukusimama kwemvelo. Izibonelo ezivela ezitshalweni ze-Cu-Ni flotation eziphakathi nendawo zibonisa ukuthi i-reagent esebenzayo kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi, okwenzelwe izinselele zokumbiwa kwamaminerali ezithile endaweni ethile, kuthuthukisa njalo imiphumela yenqubo ye-molybdenum flotation futhi kunciphisa imiphumela yemvelo.
Iziqondiso Ezisebenzayo Zabasebenzi Bezitshalo Nonjiniyela Bezinqubo
Uhlu Lokuhlola Lwesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Lokuqapha Amaphuzu Okulawula Abalulekile
Izitshalo ezintantayo ezicubungula i-tungsten-molybdenum ore zithembele ekulawuleni okuqhubekayo ezindaweni eziqondiwe. Sebenzisa lolu hlu lokuhlola ukuze uqaphe ngokuhlelekile amapayipi, amathangi e-buffer, kanye nezigaba zokuhlunga:
Amaphuzu Okulawula Amapayipi
- Qinisekisa izindawo zokuphakela, izindawo zokukhipha amanzi, kanye nokugoba kokunyakaza kwe-slurry okungavinjelwe.
- Hlola ubuningi, ijubane, kanye nephesenti lezinto eziqinile ngezinzwa ezingaphakathi. Qinisekisa ukufundwa kwethuluzi le-Lonnmeter ukuze uthole ukuvumelana.
- Hlola ukwehla kwengcindezi okungavamile, okubonisa ukuvinjelwa okungenzeka noma ukuguguleka ngokweqile.
- Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa kokuguguleka kwamapayipi okuvamile futhi ugcine amarekhodi okusebenza kwephampu nevalvu.
Amaphuzu Okulawula Ithangi Lebhafa
- Qinisekisa isivinini se-agitator kanye nesimo se-impeller ukuze uqhubeke nokumiswa kanye nokulingana.
- Linganisa izinzwa zezinga; gcina amavolumu e-slurry ngaphakathi kwemingcele enconywayo encane/ephezulu ukuze uvimbele ukugcwala nokugcwala.
- Njalo thatha isampula bese uhlaziya udaka ukuze uthole ukugcwala kwezinto eziqinile. Sebenzisa ama-probe e-Lonnmeter ukuze uthole ukufundwa kobuningi ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Hlola isikhathi sokuhlala ngokuqinisekisa amazinga okugeleza kokuphuma kanye namazinga okusebenza.
Amaphuzu Okulawula Isigaba Sokuhlunga
- Buyekeza ukuhambisana kokungena kodaka nesihlungi; lungiselela i-buffering ephezulu ukuze unciphise ukuguquguquka.
- Hlola ubuqotho bemidiya yokuhlunga kanye nengcindezi yokwehluka kuzo zonke izihlungi.
- Qinisekisa ukukhishwa kwekhekhe lesihlungi kanye nokucaca kwesihlungi; lungisa izindawo zokusebenza uma kutholakala ukungaboni kahle noma umswakama owedlulele.
- Hlela ukulungiswa kokuvimbela kwamayunithi okuhlunga futhi ulungise ngokushesha ukwehluleka kwesivalo noma ukuvalwa kwekhekhe.
Izinqubo Zokuxazulula Izinkinga Zokugxilisa Udaka
Impendulo efanele inciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi futhi ivikele ukusebenza kwe-flotation:
Ukuncibilika Okudlulele
- Hlola izindawo zokwengeza amanzi; nciphisa ukungena uma ubuningi be-slurry bungaphansi kwemingcele eqondiwe ebekelwe ukusebenza kahle kokuntanta.
- Hlola ukulinganiswa kwenzwa (ikakhulukazi i-Lonnmeter) bese uqinisekisa ngokusebenzisa amasampula asetshenziswa ngesandla.
- Lungisa ukushukuma kwethangi le-buffer ukuze unciphise izindawo zokuxuba ezibangela ukuhlushwa okungalingani.
Ukungalingani kwe-Reagent
- Hlola imishini yokulinganisa bese uqhathanisa ukwengeza kwangempela kwe-reagent ngokumelene nama-setpoints asungulwe ngokuthuthukisa umthamo we-reagent ekujuleni.
- Qapha izici zegwebu kanye namazinga okululama usebenzisa amasu okuflotha igwebu le-molybdenum; ukungalingani kuvame ukubonakala njengokukhetha okubi.
- Lungisa ukugeleza kwe-reagent kanye ne-modifier ngesikhathi sangempela lapho impendulo eku-inthanethi ivuma khona; bhala phansi izenzo zokulungisa.
Ukuvala Izihlungi
- Hlola ukulungiswa kwe-slurry engenhla usebenzisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlunga i-slurry ye-ore. Izinhlawulo eziningi noma izinga eliphezulu lokumbiwa kwamaminerali kungabangela ukuvaleka.
- Izihlungi ze-backflush ngezikhathi ezimfushane; hlola ukungcola noma ukushaqeka kwamakhemikhali.
- Shintsha izinga lokuphakelwa noma ulungise umthamo we-flocculant/frother ukuze uvimbele ukufiphala okusheshayo.
Ukushintsha Ukulungiswa Kwenqubo Yokuntanta Kuzimo Ezishintshayo
Izinhlobo ze-ore eziguqukayo kanye nezimo zokudla zidinga ukulungiswa kwenqubo esebenzayo:
- Landela njalo usayizi wezinhlayiya zokudla kanye nobuningi; buyekeza izibalo ze-hydraulic kanye nezilungiselelo zokuthutha ngamapayipi ukuze uthole izixazululo zokuthutha eziqinile ezisebenzayo njengoba kwethulwa imizimba emisha ye-ore.
- Lungisa amasu okwenza ngcono ukuphuma kwethangi le-buffer ngokulungisa kahle isivinini sokuvuselela kanye nomthamo wethangi njengoba izinga lokushintsha kwamaminerali lishintsha.
- Gada izimo zamaseli okuntanta ukuze uthole izimpawu zezinselele eziphezulu zezinga lokumbiwa phansi; nciphisa umthamo noma ushintshe ingxube ye-reagent ukuze uvumelane nezici ze-ore slurry eqinile.
- Sebenzisa iziqondiso zokulinganisa i-reagent ezihleliwe kanye nokulawula impendulo, ushintshe amazinga okulinganisa ngokuphendula ekushintsheni kokudla ukuze kusebenze kahle ukuntanta.
- Bambisana nonjiniyela bezitshalo ukuze ulungise kabusha imingcele yokuklama ipayipi elihambisa ukugxila noma nini lapho izinguquko ku-rheology ye-slurry zisongela izindlela zokugeleza noma imikhawulo yejubane.
- Qopha yonke imisebenzi yokwenza ngcono, uhlobanise izinguquko zenqubo nomkhiqizo we-flotation, ukululama, kanye nokuzinza kokusebenza ukuze kuthuthukiswe njalo.
Zonke izincomo kufanele zihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokuqapha izinqubo ezibanzi futhi zisebenzise amakhono amathuluzi afana neLonnmeter ukuze kuhlaziywe i-slurry enembile, ngesikhathi sangempela. Le ndlela ehlelekile isekela kokubili ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha kanye namasu okuthuthukisa inqubo ye-flotation eqhubekayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Kuyini ukuntanta kwe-molybdenum futhi kuhluke kanjani kwezinye izinqubo zokuntanta kwe-froth?
Inqubo yokuntanta kwe-molybdenum iyindlela yokuhlukanisa amaminerali ekhethiwe egxile ekuhlukaniseni i-molybdenite (MoS₂) kwamanye amaminerali. Ukungathandi amanzi kwemvelo kwe-molybdenite kusho ukuthi inamathela kalula kuma-bubble omoya, kodwa ukuhlukana kwayo nama-sulfide ethusi ahlobene kanye ne-gangue kudinga amasu ahlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nokuntanta kwe-froth okuvamile.
Umehluko obalulekile uhlanganisa:
- Ukucaciswa kwe-reagent:Ukuntanta kwe-molybdenum kusebenzisa ama-reagent aklanyelwe wena—abaqoqi abasekelwe ku-oyela, ama-depressant akhethekile, kanye nama-pH modifier akhethwe ngokucophelela—ukuthuthukisa ukuntanta kwe-molybdenite nokucindezela amaminerali ethusi noma e-gangue. Ukuntanta okuvamile kuvame ukusebenzisa amakilasi ama-reagent abanzi angenawo ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okuningi.
- Ukugxila kwezakhiwo eziphezu komhlaba:Le nqubo idinga ukunakwa kakhulu kwe-mineralology ye-molybdenite, ukumanzi, kanye nekhono le-electrochemical. Le mininingwane idlala indima enkulu kunezindlela ezijwayelekile ze-sulfide flotation.
- Ukucindezeleka kwe-Copper:Izinto eziphilayo noma ezingaphili zisetshenziselwa ukucindezela amaminerali ethusi, okunciphisa ukuba khona kwawo kuma-concentrate e-molybdenite—inselele engavelele kakhulu ekusethweni okuyisisekelo kwe-flotation.
- Ukulawulwa kweshidi lokugeleza kwenqubo:Ukuntanta kwe-molybdenum kusebenza ngezigaba eziningi—njengokugoqa, ukuhlanza, kanye nokususa—ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa kahle. Isigaba ngasinye sihlose kokubili ukululama okuphezulu kanye nezinga lokugxila, okudinga ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso okukhulu kunokugeleza kokuntanta kwendabuko.
- Ukuphathwa kosayizi wezinhlayiya:Ukugaya ngokweqile kuyagwenywa ukuze kuncishiswe izinhlawulo ezenza kube nzima ukuhlukana, okudinga amasu okugaya akhethekile kanye nokuhlola.
- Ukulungiswa kwesekethe kanye nemishini:Izinyathelo ezifana nokuhlukaniswa kwamagnetic kanye nokulawulwa kwensimbi okuningiliziwe ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganiswe ukuze kulondolozwe ukukhululeka kwe-molybdenite kanye nokungaguquguquki kokuntanta.
Izibonelo: Empeleni, isitshalo sokuntanta i-tungsten-molybdenum ore singahlanganisa abaqoqi, ama-surfactant, kanye nama-depressant akhethiwe, silungise i-pH kanye nemithwalo ejikelezayo sisebenzisa izilinganiso zesikhathi sangempela ukuze sithuthukise ukubuyiselwa kwe-molybdenum kanye nobumsulwa. Lezi zindlela ezilungisiwe kahle zidlula lokho okujwayelekile kumasekethe okuntanta i-sulfide ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi lapho ukukhetha okuphezulu kanye nebanga kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kungani ukulungiswa komthamo we-reagent kubaluleke kangaka ekujuleni kwe-tungsten-molybdenum ore?
Ukuthuthukisa umthamo we-reagent ekuntanteni kunquma ukuthi amaminerali ayigugu njenge-tungsten ne-molybdenum atholakala futhi ahlukaniswe kanjani ne-gangue. Umthamo ofanele ulinganisela ukusebenza kwamaminerali kanye nokucindezeleka, usekela ukukhetha kwenqubo kanye nokululama.
- Ukulawula ukukhetha:Umthamo ofanele wabaqoqi, izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka, kanye nezindlela zokushintsha uqinisekisa ukugeleza okukhethekile kwamaminerali aqondiwe ngenkathi kucindezela amanye—okuyinto edingekayo ngenxa yokufana kwamakhemikhali kwamaminerali ahlobene (isb., i-scheelite vs. i-calcite).
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokululama:Ukufakwa ngaphansi komthamo kunciphisa ukubuyiswa kwamaminerali; ukufakwa ngokweqile kwandisa ukuntanta kwe-gangue okungafuneki kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-reagent, okukhulisa izindleko futhi kwenze izinqubo zokuhlunga i-ore slurry zibe nzima.
- Ukukhathazeka ngezemvelo kanye nezindleko:Ama-reagent amaningi awagcini nje ngokukhulisa izindleko zokusebenza kodwa angaholela ekukhishweni okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali ezindaweni ezisele noma emanzini angcolile, okuphonsela inselelo ukuhambisana nemvelo. Ukulawula ngokucophelela kusekela ngqo imikhuba emihle kakhulu ekuhlungweni kwe-ore slurry kanye nokucubungula okunobungani nemvelo.
- Imiphumela yokusebenzisana kanye nobunzima benqubo:Izinhlanganisela ezithile ze-reagent kanye nemithamo yazo kungabangela ukusabela okuzuzisayo noma okungekuhle (isb., ukwakheka kwe-nickel tungstate, ukuvimbela ukubuyiselwa kwe-tungsten). Ngakho-ke, iziqondiso zokulinganisa i-reagent ye-flotation ethuthukisiwe—evame ukuthuthukiswa ngendlela yokuphendula noma amanye amasu okuthuthukisa inqubo—zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezitshalo.
Izibonelo: Ukulungiswa okunembile kwemithamo yokuqoqa kanye neyokudambisa kungase kushintshe ibhalansi phakathi kokubuyiselwa kwe-molybdenum kanye ne-tungsten ngamaphesenti amaningana, okuthinta imiphumela yezitshalo zansuku zonke kanye nemali engenayo.
Ipayipi elithwala ukugxila lithinta kanjani ukusebenza kwesitshalo sokuntanta?
Umklamo wepayipi elihambisa ukugxila osebenza kahle uqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ohlungiwe ovela ekuntanteni uthuthwa ngokuthembekile nangokuqhubekayo uye endaweni yokugcina noma ekucutshungulweni okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kuthinta ukusebenza kwesitshalo ngezindlela eziningana ezibalulekile:
- Ukuthembeka kokugeleza:Amapayipi aphethwe kahle anciphisa ukuvinjelwa futhi ahlinzeka ngokulethwa okuqhubekayo, okubalulekile ekuzinzeni kwezitshalo kanye nokuhlanganiswa okubushelelezi nezindlela zokuhlunga i-ore slurry.
- Ukunakekelwa okuncishisiwe:Ubunjiniyela obufanele bunciphisa ukuguguleka, ukuklwebheka, kanye nokwehluleka kwemishini, kunciphisa imvamisa yokuvalwa kanye nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini.
- Ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa:Amapayipi alawulwayo anciphisa ingozi yokuchitheka okugxilile, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezinto zokwakha kanye nezindleko zokuhlanza ezengeziwe.
- Ukuguquguquka kokusebenza:Umklamo ohlakaniphile uvumela ukuzivumelanisa okusheshayo namazinga okukhiqiza ahlukahlukene, okusekela amasu okwenza ngcono inqubo yokuntanta kwezitshalo zonke.
Isibonelo: Ezitshalweni zanamuhla, izinhlelo zamapayipi zingase zifake izinzwa zeLonnmeter zokuqapha ukugeleza, zixwayise opharetha ngokungahambisani kanye nokunikeza idatha yokuthuthukisa izixazululo zokuthutha ezigxilile, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela ze-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation.
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-buffer tank outlet ekuphatheni udaka lwe-ore?
Indawo yokukhipha ithangi le-buffer iyindawo ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwe-ore slurry, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenamthungo ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali.
- Ukulawulwa kokugeleza:Igcina ukukhishwa kwe-slurry okuzinzile ezinqubweni ezingezansi komfula, imunca ukuguquguquka kwesikhashana okuvela kumasekethe aphezulu komfula.
- Ukuqhubeka kokusebenza:Isebenza njengesivikelo sokuvikela ngesikhathi sokwehluleka kwemishini (isb., ukungasebenzi kwesihlungi noma kokuqina), kunciphisa ukumiswa okungahleliwe.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Homogenization:Ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-slurry okuhambisanayo kanye nokumiswa kwe-solids, okubalulekile ekondleni ngokulinganayo ezindleleni zokuhlunga i-slurry kanye nezigaba ezilandelayo zokuntanta.
- Ukuthuthukisa inqubo:Ivumela ukusebenza okuzinzile futhi isekela ukusebenza okuphansi, ivimbela ukuvaleka kwamapayipi kanye nokwanda okungaphazamisa iziqondiso zokulinganisa i-flotation reagent noma ukugeleza kwenqubo.
Isibonelo: Ezitshalweni ze-tungsten-molybdenum ore flotation ezinamandla aphezulu, izindawo zokubeka amathangi ezihlanganisiwe eziklanyelwe ukushukunyiswa okufanele kanye nokugcinwa okuphilayo zisiza ukugcina umkhiqizo wesitshalo kanye nekhwalithi yokugxila, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushintshashintsha kwesilinganiso se-ore noma ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo.
Izinga eliphezulu lokumbiwa kwamaminerali likuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kahle kwe-molybdenum froth flotation?
Izinga eliphezulu lokumbiwa kwamaminerali—elibonakala ngokugcwala okuphezulu kwama-ion ancibilikisiwe—lithinta kakhulu igwebu le-molybdenumamasu okuntanta.
- Ukuqiniswa kwegwebu:Amandla e-ionic akhuphukile angaphazamisa igwebu lokuntanta, anciphise ukukhetha kokuntanta kanye nokubuyiselwa kokugxila.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent okuthuthukisiwe:Kudingeka ama-reagent engeziwe ukuze kulawulwe ubunzima obukhulu besisombululo, kukhushulwe izindleko zokusebenza kanye nengozi yokusabela kwamakhemikhali okungafuneki.
- Ubunzima bokuhlukaniswa:Ukukhetha kuyehla njengoba ama-ion ethusi, i-calcium, noma i-sulfate encibilikisiwe ephazamisa ukuntanta kwe-molybdenite kanye ne-scheelite. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuhlukaniswa, kudinga ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo komthamo we-reagent yokucubungula amaminerali.
- Ukuqapha inqubo:Ukumbiwa kwamaminerali amaningi kudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile nokuqapha—njengokulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwe-pH noma ukuhanjiswa kwamandla—ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kwe-flotation nokuphatha ukulinganisa kwe-reagent ngempumelelo.
Isibonelo: Izitshalo ezicubungula ama-slurries ane-mineralization ephezulu zivame ukusebenzisa ama-Lonnmeter inline analyzers ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amazinga okuphakelwa kwabaqoqi kanye nabacindezelayo, ukunciphisa ukungazinzi kwegwebu kanye nokusekela amasu okwenza ngcono inqubo yokuntanta.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-27-2025
