I-polyethylene polymerization iyindlela yokusabela exotic kakhulu ebeka engcupheni ukukhishwa kokushisa okungalawuleki, ukucindezela okukhulu okungazelelwe, kanye nokuqhuma kwe-polymerization okubalekayo uma kungalawulwa ngokuqinile; izingozi ezibalulekile zivela ekudleni ngokweqile kwe-catalyst, ukungena kwe-oxygen okungahlosiwe, kanye nokungcola kokusebenza, lapho ngisho nokwehluleka okuncane kungasunduza ukusabela ngale kwemingcele ephephile. Ukugcina ingcindezi ezinzile, encane enhle ku-reactor kubalulekile kokubili ekuphepheni nasekulawuleni inqubo: lolu hlelo lokucindezela luvimbela ukungena komoya, luqeda izingozi ezihlobene ne-oxygen, lugcina umoya ongenawo umoya, luthuthukisa ukumbozwa kwe-nitrogen, lunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlanza ngokweqile, futhi lunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngenkathi kunciphisa izingozi zokushaqeka kwengcindezi.
Isitshalo se-Polyethylene (PE)
*
Izimbangela Nokuvimbela Ukupholisha Okubalekayo
I-polymerization engalawulwa ibangelwa lapho i-catalyst dosing idlula izindawo ezibekiwe, lapho i-oxygen ingena emkhunjini wenqubo, noma lapho izinhlelo zokuvimbela zihluleka. Amaphutha okulinganisa i-Catalyst angenzeka ngenxa yokulawula ukugeleza okungalungile noma amaphampu okuphakelayo angasebenzi kahle, okuvumela izinga lokuphendula ukuthi lidlule umthamo wokususa ukushisa. Ukungena kwe-oxygen, okuvame ukubangelwa yizivalo ezinephutha, ukumboza i-nitrogen okungekuhle, noma ukuvuza kwe-vacuum, kungenisa i-oxidant enamandla engasheshisa ukusabela kwe-free-radical polymerization okungaphezu kokulawulwa. Ukuvinjelwa okunganele—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yokuhlushwa okuphansi kwe-inhibitor noma i-dosing engaguquki—kususa esinye sezithiyo ezibalulekile zokubaleka.
Ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo njengokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa noma ukwehluleka kokushukuma kungaphazamisa amazinga okusabela, okuvame ukuholela ekukhuphukeni kwengcindezi okuyingozi. Amasu okuvimbela adinga izinqubo zokuphepha ezihlanganisiwe. Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezithibi zokusabela kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukusabalala kwe-free-radical. Ukuqapha okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen ngezinzwa zokuphendula okusheshayo kuvimbela ukweqiwa kokuqukethwe kwe-oxygen ezinqubweni ze-polymerization; uma imingcele iwela, izinqubo zokuvala eziphuthumayo ezenzakalelayo zingahlukanisa futhi zinciphise i-reactor.
Izilungiselelo zokuwa kwama-valve okuphepha kumele zilungiselelwe ngokusekelwe ekucindezelweni okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kokusebenza ukuze kuqedwe izingozi zokuvalwa kwesitshalo ngamakhemikhali. Ama-valve kufanele aqale ukungenisa umoya ngokushesha lapho izindawo ezibekiwe ziphulwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi ayidluli imikhawulo yokusebenza ephephile. Ukungena kwe-nitrogen, okuhlukile ekugqokeni kwe-nitrogen okuyisisekelo, kuhilela ukugcwala i-nitrogen endaweni yekhanda le-reactor ukuze kukhishwe yonke iminonjana yomoya nomoya-mpilo. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuqhuma, njengoba inikeza isivikelo esengeziwe emithonjeni yokushisa. Ukungena kwe-nitrogen okusebenzayo kusiza ama-reactor amakhemikhali ngokugcina ungqimba oluhlala lungasebenzi kahle ngenkathi kulawulwa ingcindezi encane enhle, evimbela ukungena kwe-oxygen futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha okuphelele.
Izinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile zama-reactors e-polymerization zibeka phambili ukulawulwa kwengcindezi okuthembekile, izilungiselelo zokuhamba eziqinile, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwamasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen. Kuzo zonke izimo, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo kuqala ngokususa imithombo ye-oxygen kanye nokunamathela ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwezinqubo zokuphepha ze-reactors e-polymerization ezisunguliwe.
Ukulawula Ukucindezela Okuncane Okuhle Kuma-Reactors
Ukugcina ingcindezi encane enhle nge-nitrogen kubalulekile kuma-reactor e-polymerization. Lokhu kucindezela—okugcinwe ngaphezu nje komoya—kusebenza njengesivikelo esibonakalayo sokungena komoya. Lapho ingcindezi yehla ngaphansi kwaleli phuzu elibekiwe, umoya-mpilo ungangena ku-reactor, okwandisa ingozi ye-polymerization ebalekayo noma ukungcola komkhiqizo. Ukunikezwa kwe-nitrogen okulawulwa njalo kuvikela lokhu.
Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi kuvikela nemishini yokuphepha. Ukwehla kwengcindezi okungahlosiwe kungakhuba ama-valve okuphepha, okuholela ekukhishweni okungahleliwe, ukucindezeleka kwe-reactor, kanye nokuvalwa okungenzeka. Ukuphathwa kwengcindezi okuhle ngamasu kunciphisa amathuba okukhuba ama-valve okuphepha, kusekele ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuvikela abasebenzi.
Izinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile zama-reactor e-polymerization zihlanganisa i-nitrogen blanketing nokulawula ingcindezi okunembile. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zisebenzisa umehlukoama-pressure transmitter, njenge-3051, yokuqapha nokulungisa ngesikhathi sangempela. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi ihlala ngaphakathi kwefasitela elincane nelifanele, okwandisa ukuphepha nokuthembeka kokusebenza.
Ukuphathwa kwengcindezi efanele—kanye nokumboza—kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-polymer okuzinzile, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen, futhi kunciphisa amathuba okudlula kokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo. Lezi zinyathelo zakha umgogodla wezindlela zokuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-polymer okusebenzayo futhi zisekela ukususwa kwezingozi zokuvalwa kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali. Ukulawula ingcindezi encane enhle kuma-reactor kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha, ukuthuthukisa izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo ekukhiqizweni kwe-polymer, kanye nokuhambisana nezinqubo zokuphepha ze-reactor ezisunguliwe ze-polymerization.
Ukulinganisa Ukucindezela Okuqondile Nokulawulwa Kwenqubo Okuthuthukisiwe
Ukulinganisa ingcindezi okuqhubekayo okuqondile kubalulekile ekugcineni ingcindezi encane enhle ngaphakathi kwe-reactors ye-polyethylene polymerization. Le ndlela isekela kokubili ukuvimbela i-polymerization ebalekayo kanye nokuqeda izingozi zokuvalwa kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali. Ukuqapha ingcindezi okunembile, kwesikhathi sangempela kuthuthukisa ukumbozwa kwe-nitrogen, okuvumela ukulawula okuphephile kanye nokuvumelana ezimweni zokusabela. Lokhu kusiza ukugwema ukweqiwa kokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo—okuyimbangela eyinhloko yezimbangela zokuqhuma kwe-polymerization ebalekayo—futhi kusekela ukuhamba kwama-valve okuphepha, okuyizinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile uma kwenzeka ukucindezeleka kudlula.
Ama-inline pressure transmitter, njenge-3051 differential pressure transmitter, ahlinzeka ngedatha ethembekile nesheshayo yokucubungula izinhlelo zokulawula. Agcina umkhawulo wokucindezela odingekayo ovimbela ukungena komoya, okwenza kube lula ukungena kwe-nitrogen okuphumelelayo ekuvimbeleni ukuqhuma, ngenkathi futhi esekela amasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen. Uma esetshenziswa ekuqapheni okuqhubekayo, la ma-transmitter aletha impendulo ethembekile yokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo, ngaleyo ndlela enikela kokubili kumaphrothokholi okuphepha kwe-reactor polymerization kanye nokulawula ukucindezela okuzinzile.
Ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi angaphakathi kwakha isethi ephelele yokulawula inqubo ethuthukisiwe kuma-reactor e-polymerization. Imitha yokuhlushwa engaphakathi ilandelela amazinga e-monomer, yazise opharetha ngokwakheka kwesikhathi sangempela futhi isebenza njengesivikelo sangaphambili ekuphambukeni okungaphephile. I-Lonnmeterimitha yobuningi emugqeniilawula ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-polymer, ihlinzeka ngokuqonda okusheshayo ngekhwalithi yokukhiqiza kanye nokuvumelana kokusabela—okuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo ekukhiqizweni kwe-polymer.imitha ye-viscosity eqondileinezela ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuqinisekisa ngokuthola ukushintsha phakathi kwezigaba zokusabela; idatha yayo ibalulekile ekulungiseni izimo ezingavamile ezingase zikhuphuke ziye ezimweni ezingaphephile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-inline level transmitter inikeza ukubonakala kwesikhathi sangempela ku-reactant inventory. Le datha isekela izinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile zama-polymerization reactors ngokuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile noma ukuntuleka okungalindelekile okungaphazamisa ingcindezi noma izinga lokushisa.umthumeli wokushisa oqondileivumela ukuqapha okuqondile kwama-exotherms, okungaba yindawo yokuqala yezimo eziphuthumayo uma kungalawulwa kahle. Ngokunikeza idatha yokushisa eqondile neqhubekayo, inikeza abaqhubi ulwazi abaludingayo ukuze bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha nangokunembile ngaphambi kokuba ukuphazamiseka okuncane kube yizingozi ezinkulu.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa ngokubambisana kwezilinganiso eziqondile kuphumela ekuthembekeni kwenqubo kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ngokufinyelela okusheshayo emifudlaneni yedatha exhunyiwe—kusukela ekucindezelweni kuya ekushiseni,izinga, ukuhlushwa, ubuningi, kanye ne-viscosity—izinhlelo zokulawula zenza ukungenelela okuthuthukisiwe ngokushesha. Le ndlela ephelele ayigcini nje ngokugcina ingcindezi encane enhle ehlosiwe kodwa futhi isekela zonke izici zezinzuzo zokuvala i-nitrogen kuma-reactor amakhemikhali, ibeka indinganiso yokusebenza kwe-polymerization eqinile, ephephile, nephumelelayo.
Ama-Transmitter Okucindezela Okungaphakathi Kwe-Lonnmeter
Ama-transmitter okucindezela angaphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter aletha izilinganiso zesikhathi sangempela, ezinembile kakhulu ezenzelwe izidingo ze-nitrogen blanketing kuma-reactor e-polymerization. Aklanyelwe izindawo ze-nitrogen ezihlanzekile kakhulu nezigqwalisayo, lawa ma-transmitter asebenzisa izinto zokuzwa ezivimbela ukungcola futhi amelane nemijikelezo yokuhlanza enamandla. Lokhu kwakhiwa okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukufundwa okuqhubekayo, okungenamanzi, okubalulekile ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka okuncane okuhle kanye nokusebenzisa amasu okuvimbela i-polymerization athembekile.
Ukufakwa okuqondile kwama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter ezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhulu—kufaka phakathi imigqa yokuphakelwa kwegesi ye-reactor, imigqa yokubuyisa ingubo, ama-header e-valve yokuphepha kwengcindezi, kanye nama-isolation points—kuvumela ukulawula okuqinile ingcindezi yengubo. Ukuqapha okunembile kule migqa kunciphisa kakhulu ukuhamba kwe-valve yokuphepha, imbangela evamile yezingozi zokuvala kanye nokungazinzi kohlelo ezitshalweni ze-polyethylene. Isibonelo, i-transmitter ebekwe phezulu komfula isuka ku-valve yokuphepha ingabonisa izinguquko zokucindezela ezicashile, ivimbele ukweqiwa kokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo futhi inciphise izingozi ezihlobene nezimbangela zokuqhuma kwe-polymerization ezibalekayo.
Ngokulondoloza ingcindezi efanele kanye nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka, abaqhubi bathola ukunciphisa okukhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen. Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi okuqinile kunciphisa amazinga okuphakelwa kwe-nitrogen amaningi futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvala i-nitrogen uma kuqhathaniswa namasu okufaka i-nitrogen. Izindawo zokucindezela ezihambisanayo nazo zilula ukuhambisana nezinqubo zokuphepha ze-polymerization reactor, kunciphisa ingozi yokuthi umkhiqizo ongacacisiwe uzodinga ukulungiswa kabusha noma ukulahlwa. Izitshalo ziyazuza emazingeni athuthukisiwe okufaneleka komkhiqizo, njengoba izimo ze-reactor ezizinzile zisekela izinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile kanye nezakhiwo ze-polymer ezifanayo.
Ukonga izindleko kutholakala ngezindlela eziningana. Ukuqeda isidingo sokuvalwa okuphuthumayo kuholela ekuphazamisekeni okuncane ekukhiqizeni, okuthinta ngqo isikhathi sokusebenza kwesitshalo. Ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenqubo kunciphisa izindleko ngokugcina ukuhambisana kweqembu kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka okuqinile kwama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter kunciphisa izidingo zokulungisa, kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esihlobene nokulungiswa kabusha kwenzwa noma ukushintshwa.
Ukufakwa kwama-transmitter okucindezela ngaphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi njengengxenye yokulawula ingcindezi okuhle noma kuhlanganiswe nezinqubo zokuphatha ingcindezi ye-reactor ezikhona, kusiza ukuqinisekisa inqubo yokwenza i-polymerization iphephe, esebenza kahle, futhi engabizi kakhulu.
Bi-enefi-of AccurukudlaNgaphambiqinisekisa UMsombulukoi-itoring in Ezitshalweni ze-Polyethylene (PE)
Amasu okusebenza anembile abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwama-reactor e-polymerization, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwe-polyethylene (PE) lapho kusetshenziswa khona i-nitrogen blanketing ukuvimbela ukungena komoya-mpilo nokunciphisa izimbangela zokuqhuma kwe-polymerization. Izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zigxila ekulawuleni ingcindezi encane enhle kuma-reactor kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen.
Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-nitrogen
Ukulawulwa okunembile kokuhlinzekwa kwe-nitrogen kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile ngenkathi kugcinwa izimo zokusebenza eziphephile. Ukusebenzisa ama-transmitter athuthukile, njengeAma-transmitter okucindezela okuhlukile angu-3051, abaqhubi bangafinyelela umthethonqubo osekelwe ekudingweni—ukuletha i-nitrogen ngokuqinile ngokwezidingo zenqubo. Lokhu kunciphisa ukumosheka futhi kusekela ngqo amasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen.
Imiklamo yesistimu ehlanganisa izihibe zokujikeleza kabusha kanye nokuxhumeka okuvuza kancane kunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwe-nitrogen. Lezi zindlela zigcina imimoya engasebenzi kahle ene-nitrogen ephansi, okuthuthukisa ukungena kwe-nitrogen ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma. Ubuqotho besistimu bugwema ukuphuma kwe-nitrogen ngokweqile, okwenza i-nitrogen imboze kangcono futhi ihlale isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nokungena kwe-nitrogen okuvamile.
Ukuqeda Izingozi Zokuvala Imoto Nokugcina Ikhwalithi Yomkhiqizo
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngama-transmitter angaphakathi athembekile kubalulekile ezimisweni zokuphepha ze-reactor ye-polymerization. Amathuluzi angaphakathi, njenge-density kanye ne-viscosity metres ye-Lonnmeter, alandelela kude amapharamitha enqubo ebalulekile ngesikhathi sangempela, ethola ukuphambuka okuthandwayo ngaphambi kokuba kukhuphuke. Leli khono liqinisekisa ukuthi ukushintsha kwengcindezi noma ukwakheka kwe-reactor kutholakala kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuhamba kwe-valve yokuphepha okuvamile kuma-reactor e-polymerization.
Izinzwa zokucindezela kanye nokweqisa komoya-mpilo zikhiqiza izixwayiso kusenesikhathi lapho imingcele isondela emazingeni angaphephile. Impendulo esheshayo ivumela izenzo zokulungisa ngesikhathi esifanele—njengokulungisa ukudla kwe-nitrogen, ukuqala ukungenisa umoya, noma ukubambezela ukwengeza i-reactant—ukuvimbela izimo ezibangela izingozi zokuvala kanye nokulahlekelwa umkhiqizo. Lezi zindlela zokulawula ukucindezela kwe-reactor zibalulekile ekugcineni izimo ezifanele, ukuvimbela ukweqisa kokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo ezinqubweni ze-polymerization, kanye nokuthuthukisa izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo.
Ngokuhlanganisa lawa masu, izitshalo ze-PE zingagcina izinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile zama-reactors e-polymerization futhi zifinyelele ubuqotho bomkhiqizo obuphezulu. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlelekile kwama-transmitter athuthukile kanye nokuqapha okuqondile kuletha ukuthembeka kokusebenza, kunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene ne-polymerization ebalekayo, futhi kusebenzisa izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokugqoka i-nitrogen kuma-reactors amakhemikhali.
Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi Yegesi kanye Nokuqapha Inqubo Ehlanganisiwe
Ukuhlolwa kwengozi okuhlelekile kwakha isisekelo sezinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile zama-reactors e-polymerization. Abaqhubi basebenzisa amathuluzi ahlelekile ukuhlonza nokuhlaziya izingozi zokuqhuma, begxila ezimbangela eziyinhloko ezihlobene ne-polymerization e-runaway kanye nokungena komoya okungalawulwa. Izimbangela ezivamile zokuqhuma kwe-polymerization e-runaway zifaka phakathi ukungeniswa komoya ngengozi, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-valve yokuphepha, kanye nokuphathwa kabi kwengcindezi encane enhle ngaphakathi kwe-reactor. Besebenzisa la mathuluzi, izikhungo zihlela izimo ezingaba khona, njengokweqiwa kokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo noma ukwanda kwengcindezi, okungase kubangele ukusabela okungaphandle komoya kanye nezehlakalo ezilandelayo zokucindezela ngokweqile. Le nqubo isekela amasu okugxilisa i-nitrogen aqondiwe kanye nokuvala, okuvimbela ukusha futhi kunciphise ingozi yezingozi zokuvala i-reactor ye-polymerization.
Ukusebenza kahle kwalezi zinqubo kuyaqina uma kuhlanganiswa nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. Ukuhlanganisa ama-inline transmitters—njengama-differential pressure transmitters kanye nama-Lonnmeter density kanye nama-viscosity metres—kunikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela ebalulekile ekulawuleni ingcindezi encane enhle kuma-reactors. Lawa ma-transmitter azisa abaqhubi ngokuphambuka ekucindezelweni, ekuxineni, noma ekuxineni, okungabonisa i-polymerization kinetics engaphephile noma ukungena kwe-oxygen. Ukusakazwa kwedatha okuqhubekayo okuthuthukisiwe yi-process analytics kuvumela ukutholwa okusheshayo kanye nesenzo sokulungisa, kukhuphule izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo futhi kunciphise ama-off-spec batches.
Abaqhubi basebenzisa idatha yenqubo evela kuma-transmitter angaphakathi ukuze bathuthukise amasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen. Ukuhlaziya okusekelwe emiphumeleni yokudlulisela kuqondisa amazinga okumboza i-nitrogen kanye nokungangeni, okuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kakhulu okudingekayo ekuvimbeleni ukuqhuma ngenkathi kugcinwa isithiyo segesi esingasabeli. Lo mzamo awugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa amaphrothokholi okuvikela kodwa futhi usekela ukusebenza okungabizi kakhulu ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwe-reactor.
Ngokuhlanganisa amathuluzi okuhlola ubungozi kanye nokuqapha inqubo eqondile—kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwama-transmitter angu-3051 ahlukene kuma-reactor—izikhungo zithuthukisa ikhono lazo lokuvimbela izingozi, zinciphise ukuvalwa kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali, futhi zilondoloze indawo elawulwayo. Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe iqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zokuvala i-nitrogen ziyakhuliswa futhi isekela isiko lokuphepha elisebenzayo ngaphakathi kokukhiqizwa kwe-polymer.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Iyini indima yokugqoka i-nitrogen ekuvimbeleni ukuqhuma kwe-polymerization okubalekayo ezitshalweni ze-PE?
Ukumboza i-nitrogen kusebenza njengendlela eyinhloko yokuvimbela i-runaway polymerization ngokususa i-oxygen emoyeni we-reactor. I-oxygen iyi-reactant ebalulekile ekuphenduleni okuningi kwe-polymerization okuyingozi. Ngokugcina ingcindezi encane enhle nge-nitrogen, i-reactor ivikelwe ekungeneni komoya womoya, obekungangenisa i-oxygen. Leli cebo lisusa enye yezimbangela ezibalulekile zokuqhuma kwe-runaway polymerization futhi linikeza izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile ngokwenza i-oxidation engalawulwa kanye nokusabela okusheshayo kwe-chain kungenzeki.
Ama-inline pressure transmitter, njenge-Lonnmeter noma i-3051 differential pressure transmitter, afaka kanjani isandla ekuphepheni kwe-polymerization reactor?
Ama-inline pressure transmitters ahlinzeka njalo ngokufundwa kwengcindezi okunembile ohlelweni lokulawula lwe-reactor, okubalulekile ekusebenziseni izinqubo zokuphepha zesimanje ze-polymerization reactor. Ukutholwa okusheshayo kwezinguquko zengcindezi kwenza uhlelo lokulawula lukwazi ukulungisa amazinga okuphakelwa kwe-nitrogen ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingcindezi ihlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile. Lapho ingcindezi ibonisa izinkinga ezifana nokubaleka kwe-catalyst noma ukuvuza komoya-mpilo, la ma-transmitter axwayisa opharetha ngaphambi kokuba izimo zibangele ukuhamba kwe-valve yokuphepha—okuyinto evame ukuholela ezingozini zokuvala izitshalo. Impendulo yabo esheshayo isekela izinqubo zokusebenza eziphephile zama-polymerization reactors, ukuthola nokubhekana nezimpawu ngaphambi kokuba ukusabela kwe-runaway kukhuphuke.
Yiziphi ezinye izinsimbi ezingaphakathi okufanele zihlanganiswe enqubweni ye-polymerization reactor?
Uhlelo oluphelele lwezinsimbi ze-reactor ludlula ukulinganisa ingcindezi. Amamitha okuhlushwa angaphakathi aqapha amazinga e-monomer, aqinisekisa ukuphakelwa okunembile kwe-reactant. Amamitha obuningi, njengalawo akhiqizwe yi-Lonnmeter, alandelela izakhiwo zomzimba ze-slurries, esiza ekuboneni ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba okuhlobene nokuphambuka kwenqubo. Amamitha e-viscosity angaphakathi ahlinzeka ngedatha ngokuhambisana kwe-polymer ngokushintsha kwesigaba, okuyisihluthulelo sokuphatha ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ama-transmitter asezingeni agcina ukuhlanganiswa okulungile futhi avimbele ukugcwala. Ama-transmitter okushisa abonisa amaphrofayili angavamile e-exothermic, angandulela izimo ezibalekayo. Lawa mathuluzi ndawonye, nama-transmitter okucindezela, asebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ingcindezi ye-reactor ye-polymerization enezinhlangothi eziningi. Ukusebenzisana kwawo kunikeza ukwengamela kwesikhathi sangempela kwazo zonke izilinganiso ezibalulekile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen kungancishiswa kanjani ngesikhathi se-polymerization kuma-reactor e-PE?
Amasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-nitrogen asebenzayo ancike ekunembeni kwama-transmitter okucindezela angaphakathi. Ngokulawula njalo ingcindezi encane enhle kuma-reactor, uhlelo lugwema ukudla kwe-nitrogen okweqile okungenzeka ngamadivayisi anganembile kangako. Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela yomthumeli isekela ukulawulwa okusekelwe ekudingweni, igcina ngokuqinile ukugeleza kwe-nitrogen ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile encane. Ukutholwa kokuguquguquka kanye nezihibe zempendulo esheshayo kuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi baphendule ngokushesha ekwehleni kwengcindezi, basuse imfucuza futhi baqinisekise ukungena kwe-nitrogen ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma kokubili kuyavikela futhi kuyasebenza.
Ukulawula ingcindezi encane enhle kuthuthukisa kanjani izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo ekukhiqizweni kwe-polymer?
Ukugcina ingcindezi encane enhle kugcina amazinga e-oxygen engaphansi kwemingcele ebalulekile, kuvimbela ukudlula kokuqukethwe kwe-oxygen ezinqubweni ze-polymerization. Lokhu kuzinzisa izimo zokusabela, kunciphisa amaphutha e-polymer abangelwa yi-oxygen—njengokuphela kweketanga noma ukushintsha kombala—okuholela ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa ezingacacisiwe. Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi okuthembekile kunciphisa nethuba lokuphazamiseka kwenqubo noma ukuvalwa okuphuthumayo. Umphumela uba yindawo yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo esekela izinga lokufaneleka komkhiqizo ekukhiqizweni kwe-polymer, ekugcineni kwandise isivuno futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kabusha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-13-2026
