Ukuhlaziywa kwezizathu zobunzima bokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nge-gypsum
1 Ukudla uwoyela webhoyila kanye nokusha okuzinzile
Ama-boiler akhiqiza amandla asebenzisa amalahle adinga ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu likawoyela kaphethiloli ukusiza ekushiseni ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, ukuvala, ukushisa okuzinzile komthwalo ophansi kanye nokulawulwa okujulile kwesiqongo ngenxa yomklamo kanye nokushiswa kwamalahle. Ngenxa yokusebenza okungazinzile kanye nokushiswa kwebhoyila okunganele, inani elikhulu likawoyela ongashisiwe noma ingxube kawoyela impuphu izongena ku-absorber slurry negesi yomoya. Ngaphansi kokuphazamiseka okukhulu ku-absorber, kulula kakhulu ukwakha i-foam encane futhi iqoqeke ebusweni be-slurry. Lokhu ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwe-foam ebusweni be-absorber slurry yesitshalo samandla.
Ngesikhathi uwoyela uqoqana phezu kodaka, ingxenye yawo isakazeka ngokushesha kudaka lokumunca ngaphansi kokuxhumana kokuxubha nokufutha, bese kwakheka ifilimu elincane lamafutha phezu kodaka, i-calcium sulfite nezinye izinhlayiya kudaka, eligoqa i-limestone nezinye izinhlayiya, livimbela ukuncibilika kwe-limestone kanye nokushiswa kwe-calcium sulfite, ngaleyo ndlela lithinte ukusebenza kahle kwe-desulfurization kanye nokwakheka kwe-gypsum. I-slurry equkethe uwoyela yokumunca ingena ohlelweni lokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni ngepompo yokukhipha i-gypsum. Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamafutha kanye nemikhiqizo ye-sulfurous acid engashiswanga ngokuphelele, kulula ukubangela ukuthi igebe lendwangu yesihlungi sebhande le-vacuum conveyor livalwe, okuholela ebunzimeni ekuphusheni amanzi emzimbeni nge-gypsum.
2.Ukugxila Kwentuthu Ekungeneni
Umbhoshongo wokumunca i-desulfurization omanzi unomphumela othile wokususa uthuli oluhambisanayo, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwawo kokususa uthuli kungafinyelela cishe ku-70%. Isitshalo samandla senzelwe ukuba sibe nokuhlushwa kothuli okungu-20mg/m3 endaweni yokuqoqela uthuli (i-desulfurization inlet). Ukuze kongiwe amandla futhi kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kukagesi wesitshalo, ukuhlushwa kothuli lwangempela endaweni yokuqoqela uthuli kulawulwa cishe ku-30mg/m3. Uthuli oluningi lungena embhoshongweni wokumunca futhi lususwa umphumela wokususa uthuli oluhambisanayo wohlelo lokudambisa uthuli. Iningi lezinhlayiya zothuli ezingena embhoshongweni wokumunca ngemuva kokuhlanzwa kothuli olusebenzisa ugesi zingaphansi kuka-10μm, noma ngaphansi kuka-2.5μm, okuyinto encane kakhulu kunosayizi wezinhlayiya ze-gypsum slurry. Ngemva kokuba uthuli lungene kwi-vacuum belt conveyor ene-gypsum slurry, luvimba nendwangu yokuhlunga, okuholela ekungeneni komoya okungekuhle kwendwangu yokuhlunga kanye nobunzima bokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kwe-gypsum.
2. Ithonya lekhwalithi ye-gypsum slurry
1 Ubuningi be-slurry
Ubukhulu bobuningi bodaka bubonisa ubuningi bodaka embhoshongweni wokumunca. Uma ubuningi bubuncane kakhulu, kusho ukuthi okuqukethwe yi-CaSO4 embhoshongweni kuphansi kanti okuqukethwe yi-CaCO3 kuphezulu, okubangela ngqo ukuchithwa kwe-CaCO3. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezinhlayiya ezincane ze-CaCO3, kulula ukubangela ubunzima bokudakwa kwe-gypsum; uma ubuningi bodaka bukhulu kakhulu, kusho ukuthi okuqukethwe yi-CaSO4 embhoshongweni kuphezulu. I-CaSO4 ephezulu izovimbela ukuqedwa kwe-CaCO3 futhi ivimbele ukumuncwa kwe-SO2. I-CaCO3 ingena ohlelweni lokukhipha amanzi nge-gypsum slurry futhi ithinta nomphumela wokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum. Ukuze kunikezwe ngokugcwele izinzuzo zesistimu yokujikeleza kabili yemibhoshongo emibili yokususa i-flue gas emanzi, inani le-pH lombhoshongo wesigaba sokuqala kufanele lilawulwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obungu-5.0±0.2, futhi ubuningi bodaka kufanele bulawulwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obungu-1100±20kg/m3. Ekusebenzeni kwangempela, ubuningi bodaka lombhoshongo wesigaba sokuqala salesi sitshalo bungaba ngu-1200kg/m3, futhi bufinyelela ngisho naku-1300kg/m3 ngezikhathi eziphakeme, okuhlala kulawulwa ezingeni eliphezulu.
2. Izinga lokuphoqwa kwe-oxidation kwe-slurry
Ukuphoqwa kwe-slurry ukuze kungeniswe umoya owanele ku-slurry ukuze kuqedwe ukuphoqwa kwe-calcium sulfite kuya ku-calcium sulfate, futhi izinga lokuphoqwa kwe-oxidation liphakeme kunama-95%, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ze-gypsum ezanele ku-slurry ukuze kukhule ikristalu. Uma ukuphoqwa kwe-oxidation kunganele, kuzokhiqizwa amakristalu axubile e-calcium sulfite ne-calcium sulfate, okubangela ukukala. Izinga lokuphoqwa kwe-slurry lincike ezintweni ezifana nenani lomoya we-oxidation, isikhathi sokuhlala kwe-slurry, kanye nomphumela wokushukumisa we-slurry. Umoya wokumisa onganele, isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokuhlala kwe-slurry, ukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwe-slurry, kanye nomphumela omubi wokushukumisa konke kuzokwenza ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-CaSO3·1/2H2O embhoshongweni kube phezulu kakhulu. Kungabonakala ukuthi ngenxa yokunganele kwe-oxidation yendawo, okuqukethwe kwe-CaSO3·1/2H2O ku-slurry kuphakeme kakhulu, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kwe-gypsum kanye nokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphezulu.
3. Okuqukethwe kokungcola ku-slurry Ukungcola ku-slurry ikakhulukazi kuvela kugesi we-flue kanye ne-limestone. Lokhu kungcola kwakha ama-ion okungcola ku-slurry, okuthinta isakhiwo se-lattice se-gypsum. Izinsimbi ezisindayo ezincibilikiswa njalo emsini zizovimbela ukusabela kwe-Ca2+ kanye ne-HSO3-. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-F- kanye ne-Al3+ ku-slurry kuphezulu, kuzokhiqizwa i-fluorine-aluminium complex AlFn, emboze ubuso bezinhlayiya ze-limestone, okubangela ubuthi be-slurry, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-desulfurization, kanye nezinhlayiya ze-limestone ezinhle zixutshwa kumakristalu e-gypsum angaphendulwanga ngokuphelele, okwenza kube nzima ukumunca i-gypsum. I-Cl-slurry ikakhulukazi ivela ku-HCl kugesi we-flue kanye namanzi enqubo. Okuqukethwe kwe-Cl- emanzini enqubo kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-Cl-slurry ikakhulukazi ivela kugesi we-flue. Uma kunenqwaba ye-Cl-in slurry, i-Cl- izosongwa ngamakristalu futhi ihlanganiswe nenani elithile le-Ca2+ ku-slurry ukuze kwakheke i-CaCl2 ezinzile, kushiye inani elithile lamanzi kumakristalu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani elithile le-CaCl2 ku-slurry lizosala phakathi kwamakristalu e-gypsum, livimbe umzila wamanzi akhululekile phakathi kwamakristalu, okubangela ukuthi okuqukethwe kwamanzi kwe-gypsum kwande.
3. Ithonya lesimo sokusebenza kwemishini
1. Uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi emzimbeni lwe-Gypsum I-Gypsum slurry ipompelwa kwi-gypsum cyclone ukuze iphuze amanzi emzimbeni ngepompo yokukhipha i-gypsum. Uma i-slurry yokugeleza engezansi igxilile ibe okuqukethwe okuqinile okungaba ngu-50%, igeleza iye kwi-vacuum belt conveyor ukuze iphuze amanzi emzimbeni okwesibili. Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta umphumela wokuhlukaniswa kwe-gypsum cyclone yingcindezi yokungena kwe-cyclone kanye nosayizi we-sand setting nozzle. Uma ingcindezi yokungena kwe-cyclone iphansi kakhulu, umphumela wokuhlukaniswa kwe-solid-liquid uzoba mubi, i-slurry yokugeleza engezansi izoba nokuqukethwe okuqinile okuncane, okuzothinta umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum futhi kwandise okuqukethwe kwamanzi; uma ingcindezi yokungena kwe-cyclone iphakeme kakhulu, umphumela wokuhlukaniswa uzoba ngcono, kodwa kuzothinta ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kwe-cyclone futhi kubangele ukuguguleka okukhulu emishinini. Uma usayizi we-sand setting nozzle mkhulu kakhulu, kuzophinde kubangele ukuthi i-sand flow slurry ibe nokuqukethwe okuqinile okuncane kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane, okuzothinta umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni we-vacuum belt conveyor.
I-vacuum ephezulu kakhulu noma ephansi kakhulu izothinta umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum. Uma i-vacuum iphansi kakhulu, ikhono lokukhipha umswakama ku-gypsum lizoncishiswa, futhi umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum uzoba mubi kakhulu; uma i-vacuum iphakeme kakhulu, izikhala endwangu yokuhlunga zingavinjwa noma ibhande lingaphambuka, okuzoholela nasemphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokusebenza, lapho ukungena komoya kwendwangu yokuhlunga kungcono, kulapho umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum uba ngcono; uma ukungena komoya kwendwangu yokuhlunga kukubi futhi isiteshi sokuhlunga sivinjiwe, umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum uzoba mubi kakhulu. Ubukhulu bekhekhe lokuhlunga buphinde bube nomthelela omkhulu ekuphelelweni kwamanzi emzimbeni kwe-gypsum. Lapho ijubane lokuhambisa ibhande lehla, ukujiya kwekhekhe lokuhlunga kuyanda, futhi ikhono lephampu yokukhipha ungqimba olungaphezulu lwekhekhe lokuhlunga liyancishiswa, okuholela ekwandeni kokuqukethwe komswakama we-gypsum; lapho ijubane lokuhambisa ibhande lenyuka, ukujiya kwekhekhe lokuhlunga kuyancipha, okulula ukubangela ukuvuza kwekhekhe lokuhlunga lendawo, kubhubhise i-vacuum, futhi kubangele ukwanda kokuqukethwe komswakama we-gypsum.
2. Ukusebenza okungavamile kohlelo lokwelapha amanzi amdaka olusebenzisa i-desulfurization noma umthamo omncane wokwelapha amanzi amdaka kuzothinta ukukhishwa okuvamile kwamanzi amdaka asebenzisa i-desulfurization. Ngaphansi kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, ukungcola okufana nentuthu nothuli kuzoqhubeka nokungena ku-slurry, kanti izinsimbi ezisindayo, i-Cl-, i-F-, i-Al-, njll. ku-slurry kuzoqhubeka nokuceba, okuholela ekuwohlokeni okuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi ye-slurry, okuthinta inqubekela phambili evamile yokusabela kwe-desulfurization, ukwakheka kwe-gypsum kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Uma sithatha i-Cl-in slurry njengesibonelo, okuqukethwe kwe-Cl- ku-slurry yombhoshongo wokumunca wezinga lokuqala wesitshalo samandla kuphakeme njengo-22000mg/L, kanti okuqukethwe kwe-Cl- ku-gypsum kufinyelela ku-0.37%. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-Cl- ku-slurry kucishe kube ngu-4300mg/L, umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum uba ngcono. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-chloride ion kwanda, umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum uyawohloka kancane kancane.
Izinyathelo zokulawula
1. Qinisa ukulungiswa kokushiswa kokusebenza kwebhoyila, nciphisa umthelela wokujova uwoyela kanye nokushiswa okuzinzile ohlelweni lokususa i-sulfur ngesikhathi sokuqala nokuvala kwebhoyila noma ukusebenza komthwalo ophansi, lawula inani lamaphampu okujikeleza kwe-slurry asetshenziswayo, futhi unciphise ukungcola kwengxube yempuphu kawoyela engashiswanga ku-slurry.
2. Uma ucabangela ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kanye nomnotho jikelele wesistimu yokususa i-sulfur, qinisa ukulungiswa kokusebenza komqoqi wothuli, usebenzise ukusebenza okuphezulu kwamapharamitha, futhi ulawule ukugcwala kothuli endaweni yokuphuma yomqoqi wothuli (indawo yokungena ye-desulfurization) ngaphakathi kwenani lomklamo.
3. Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kobuningi be-slurry (imitha yobuningi be-slurry), ivolumu yomoya we-oxidation, izinga loketshezi lombhoshongo wokumunca (imitha yezinga lerada), idivayisi yokuxuba uthuli, njll. ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusabela kokususa i-sulfurization kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
4. Qinisa ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kwe-gypsum cyclone kanye ne-vacuum belt conveyor, lawula ingcindezi yokungena ye-gypsum cyclone kanye nezinga le-vacuum le-belt conveyor ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele, futhi uhlole njalo i-cyclone, i-sand setting nozzle kanye nendwangu yokuhlunga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini isebenza esimweni esihle kakhulu.
5. Qinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo lokwelapha amanzi amdaka olususa i-sulfurization, uchithe njalo amanzi amdaka asusa i-sulfurization, futhi unciphise okuqukethwe kokungcola ku-slurry yombhoshongo wokumunca.
Isiphetho
Ubunzima bokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum buyinkinga evamile emishinini yokuxosha amanzi. Kunezici eziningi ezithonyayo, ezidinga ukuhlaziywa okuphelele nokulungiswa okuvela ezicini eziningi njengemidiya yangaphandle, izimo zokusabela kanye nesimo sokusebenza kwemishini. Kuphela ngokuqonda ngokujulile indlela yokusabela kokuxosha amanzi emzimbeni kanye nezici zokusebenza kwemishini nokulawula ngokunengqondo imingcele yokusebenza eyinhloko yesistimu lapho umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni we-gypsum exosha amanzi emzimbeni ungaqinisekiswa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-06-2025
