Ukulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-inline sulfuric acid kubalulekile ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi ye-sulfuric acid ngesikhathi sangempela ezimboninii-asidi ye-sulfuricukukhiqiza. Idatha yokuhlushwa eqhubekayo emugqeni iletha0.1Ukuphambuka kwe-% ekulawuleni ubumsulwa be-asidi, kusekela ukulawulwa okuqinile kwenqubo ye-sulfuric acid kuzo zonke izindlela zokukhiqiza i-sulfuric acid. Ukufundwa okuqondile okuqondile kususa izindawo ezingaboni kahle ekuthathweni kwesampula ngesandla futhi kwandise amazinga okubuyisa ithusi ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-7 ku-hydrometallurgy ye-copper ore.
Ukuthembeka kwenqubo kuyathuthuka njengoba ukukala kwe-asidi kushintsha ngokushesha ukugeleza noma ukushintsha kokudla, kugwema ukukala okungaphansi noma ngokweqile ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha i-ore yethusi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza ye-asidi ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-12 futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ezihlobene nokuphathwa nokulahla amakhemikhali. Ukuqapha okuqondile kuvimbela ukungcola kwemishini futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuvuza okuhlobene ne-asidi, okuvikela ukuphepha kwabasebenzi futhi kuqinisekise ukulandelwa kwemithetho.
Ukulinganisa okunembile kokuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid okuqondile kuthuthukisa ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kumasu okukhipha i-ore yethusi, kunciphisa okokufaka ngenkathi kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokusabela kanye nokukhiqizwa kwethusi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sulfuric acid yezimboni njengomanyolo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwebhethri kudinga ubumsulwa be-asidi obungu-98%+, obugcinwa ngesikhathi sangempela ngamamitha angaphakathi. Ngayinye yalezi zinzuzo iqhuba ukukhiqizwa kwe-sulfuric acid okusebenzayo, okuphephile, nokuqhubekayo kanye nokusebenza kwe-leaching yethusi.
Ukukhuculula Insimbi Ethusi
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Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Sulfuric Acid kanye nokuSuswa kwe-Copper Ore
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric yezimboni zanamuhla kusebenzisa inqubo yokuxhumana, eyakhelwe ukusebenza kahle kanye nobumsulwa. I-sulfur iyashiswa emoyeni owomile, ikhiqiza i-SO₂. Le gesi iyahlanzwa futhi i-oxidized nge-catalytically phezu kwe-vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) ku-400–600 °C ukuze ikhiqize i-SO₃. I-SO₃ iyancibilika ku-asidi ye-sulfuric egxilile, ikhiqize i-oleum, encibilikiswa ukuze kufezwe amandla e-asidi aqondisiwe. Ukuguqulwa kudlula u-97%, kanti ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo budlula u-98% H₂SO₄.
Amasu okukhipha i-ore yethusi ancike ku-sulfuric acid njenge-ejenti yamakhemikhali eyinhloko. Enqubweni yokukhipha i-ore yethusi, amazinga e-asidi ngokuvamile asukela ku-0.5–2.0 M, kanti i-pH ibanjwe ku-1.5–2.0. Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kubalulekile, kusethwe phakathi kuka-25–55 °C ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuncibilika kwethusi futhi kuncishiswe ukungcola. Amamitha okugcwala e-sulfuric acid alinganiswe kahle asekela ukulawulwa kwenqubo, aqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-hydrometallurgy ye-ore yethusi kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza. Amazinga okubuyisa ithusi afinyelelekayo afinyelela ku-90–93% wezinto eziphansi kwe-carbonate, esizwa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo kanye nokulinganiswa okuqhubekayo kokugcwala kwe-sulfuric acid.
Izinselele Zokulinganisa Ukuhlushwa Kwe-Inline Sulfuric Acid
Izindawo zenqubo yokukhiqiza i-sulfuric acid yezimboni zingcolisa kakhulu. Izingxenye ezimanziswe yi-sensor ziwohloka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ngaphezu kwe-70% ye-sulfuric acid kanye nasezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme. Ngisho ne-alloys ezifana ne-titanium noma i-PTFE coating zibhekene nokuqhekeka nokuqhekeka ngenxa yokungcola, kudingeka ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa njalo. Ukulinganiswa okuqondile okuqondile kubhekene nezinkinga ezengeziwe ngesikhathi sokushintsha okusheshayo kokuhlushwa—okuvamile emasu okukhipha i-ore yethusi—lapho ubuningi be-acid kanye ne-refractive index kushintsha ngokungaqondile, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-90–97% w/w. Ukukhukhuleka kwe-sensor kanye nokulibaziseka kwengozi yokwehluleka kwenqubo.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okukhipha i-iron sulfate, i-silica, noma i-copper ore kubangela ukukala noma ukungcola kuma-probe angaphakathi, kunciphisa ukunemba kwesignali. Ukungcola okuvamile ezindaweni zezinzwa kukhulisa izikhathi zokuhlanza futhi kunciphisa umkhiqizo ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi ye-sulfuric acid.
Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi ekukhiqizweni kwe-sulfuric acid yezimboni nomai-hydrometallurgy ye-ore yethusikuthinta ngqo ukuzinza kokulinganisa. Ubuningi be-asidi ye-sulfuric, i-viscosity, kanye ne-refractive index konke kuncike ekushiseni. Amamitha okuhlushwa kwe-asidi ye-sulfuric athembekile adinga ukulinganiswa okunembile ukuze kunxeshezelwe izinga lokushisa kuzo zonke izimo zenqubo eguquguqukayo. Ukusampula ngesandla kokulawulwa kwenqubo ye-asidi ye-sulfuric kwandisa ingozi yokuchayeka komqhubi futhi kulibazise ukulungiswa kwenqubo ebalulekile.
Ukuhlanzwa Kwenqwaba Yethusi
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Izinzuzo Zamamitha Okuhlushwa Angaphakathi E-Lonnmeter
Amamitha okuhlushwa angaphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter aletha imiphumela yesikhathi sangempela yokulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid, okwenza kube lula ukulawula inqubo ye-sulfuric acid ngokushesha ekukhiqizeni i-sulfuric acid yezimboni kanye namasu okukhipha i-ore yethusi. Ukunemba kufinyelela ku-±0.1% ekuhlushweni, kususa ukusampula ngesandla kanye nokuxhumana ngqo nomqhubi nama-asidi ayingozi. Lokhu kunciphisa izingozi zokuchayeka futhi kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile zokusetshenziswa kwe-sulfuric acid yezimboni.
Insimbi eqinile, engagqwali—njenge-PTFE lining kanye nezingxenye ze-Hastelloy—iqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuphila isikhathi eside kwensiza, ngisho noma kunamakhemikhali akhipha i-copper ore futhi ethintana nemifudlana ye-asidi egxilile. Ukufakwa kwe-inline kunciphisa izikhawu zokugcinwa ngaphezu kuka-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwelebhu okwenziwa njalo, kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwenqubo kanye nezingozi zokukhula.
Amamitha e-Lonnmeter avumela ukukala kwe-sulfuric acid okuhle kakhulu kwe-hydrometallurgy ye-copper ore, okuqinisa amazinga okuhlushwa nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwenqubo. Ukuqapha okuzenzakalelayo, okungenamanzi kusekela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-asidi okuqhubekayo, ukuhwamuka okulawulwayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ye-sulfuric acid enembile enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwe-sulfuric acid. Idatha yesikhathi sangempela ehambisanayo yenza kube lula i-sulfuricimitha yokuhlushwa kwe-asidiimijikelezo yokulinganisa yezindlela zokukhiqiza i-sulfuric acid ezithembekile neziphindaphindwayo.
Izicelo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezimboni
Ukulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-inline sulfuric acid kusekela ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuqhubekayo ekukhiqizweni kwe-sulfuric acid yezimboni zezimboni zezimboni zomanyolo, ibhethri, kanye nemikhakha yamakhemikhali. Ekukhiqizweni komanyolo, ngaphezu kwama-60% okukhishwa kwe-sulfuric acid yomhlaba wonke kuqhuba ukwenziwa kwe-phosphoric acid kanye nokukhiqizwa komanyolo we-phosphate. Amamitha okuhlushwa kwe-inline aqinisekisa ubumsulwa be-asidi obuyi-≥98%, ukuvikela ukusebenza kahle kokusabela kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo engezansi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri e-lead-acid kudinga ububanzi obuqinile bokuxinana kwe-sulfuric acid (1.285–1.300 g/cm³); amamitha okuqina angaphakathi aqinisekisa ukucaciswa kwe-electrolyte futhi asheshise ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ye-sulfuric acid. Izinqubo zokuvuselela amabhethri kanye nokubuyisa insimbi zincike ekulinganisweni okunembile kokuxinana okungaphakathi komugqa ukuze kukhishwe insimbi ngempumelelo kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamakhemikhali.
Amasu okukhipha i-ore yethusi e-hydrometallurgy asebenzisa amamitha okuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid ngaphakathi ukuze alawule ukulinganisa kwe-asidi—okuvumela ukukhishwa kwe-ore yethusi okunembile, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi, nokugcina isivuno sethusi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenqubo okuzenzakalelayo nama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter ngaphakathi, ubuningi, kanye nokushisa kuzinzisa izindlela zokukhiqiza i-sulfuric acid, izindleko zokusika kanye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza okuqhubekayo.
Amasekethe e-hydrometallurgy okubuyisa ithusi asebenzisa amamitha e-Lonnmeter ukuqapha amakhemikhali okukhipha, ukunciphisa isampula ngesandla kanye nengozi yomqhubi. Ukulinganiswa njalo kwemitha yokuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokulinganisa kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-sulfuric acid zezimboni.
Cela Isilinganiso/Isigaba Sokuxhumana
Finyelela ukulinganisa okunembile kokuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid ekukhiqizeni i-sulfuric acid yezimboni kanye namasu okukhipha i-ore yethusi usebenzisa amathuluzi angaphakathi e-Lonnmeter. Cacisa amapharamitha akho enqubo yokukhiqiza i-sulfuric acid, izimo zenqubo yokukhipha i-ore yethusi, kanye nobubanzi bokulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-sulfuric acid okuqondiwe. Xhumana ne-Lonnmeter ukuze uthole ukubonisana ngobuchwepheshe futhi uthole isilinganiso esenziwe ngokwezifiso esifanelana nezidingo zakho zokulawula inqubo ye-sulfuric acid kanye nokukhipha i-ore yethusi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-22-2026
