Ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha ye-viscose, ukugcina ukulawulwa okunembile kwengcindezi yokugaya kuyinto ebalulekile kuzo zonke izigaba zenqubo, kusukela ezindleleni zokupheka i-cellulose ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa kwe-alkaline cellulose. Ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi yesikhathi sangempela kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokusebenza ngokuthonya ngqo ukusebenza kwemishini yokugaya.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwe-cellulose alkalization kanye nokuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-NaOH se-viscose, lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka ngemithombo yedatha engaphazanyiswa. Ukucindezela ngokweqile noma okunganele kungashintsha ukuhlushwa kwe-NaOH, okuholela ekufakweni kwekristalu okuvimba imigqa yokugaya futhi kumise ukukhiqizwa. Ngokunikeza ukufundwa kwengcindezi okusheshayo, ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter angaphakathi kwe-inline asiza opharetha ukubona ukuphambuka kusenesikhathi, kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibizayo futhi kusekele ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yokugaya okuvikela isikhathi eside semishini.
Isitshalo Sefayibha Yamakhemikhali
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Ukubuka Konke Kokukhiqizwa Kwe-Viscose Fiber: Amaphuzu Okugeleza Kwenqubo Nokulawula
Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-viscose fiber inezinyathelo eziningana ezilandelanayo, kusukela ezindleleni zokupheka i-cellulose. Ekuqaleni, i-cellulose pulp—evame ukutholakala ngokhuni noma ngekotini—ifakwa esixazululweni se-sodium hydroxide. Lesi sigaba, esaziwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-alkaline cellulose, yilapho i-cellulose isabela khona ne-NaOH ukuze yakhe i-alkali cellulose.ukuhlushwa kwe-NaOHIsixazululo sokukhiqizwa kwe-viscose sibalulekile; imithamo enganembile iholela ekushintsheni kokusebenza kanye nokufana kwamandla e-fiber. Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium hydroxide kuphambuka ebangeni elidingekayo, i-cellulose alkalization iba yinto engaguquki, okuholela kuma-fiber anezakhiwo zokudonsa ezahlukahlukene.
Ngemva kokwenziwa kwe-alkalization, inqubo iqhubekela ekugezeni—ukususa i-alkali eningi—bese kuba yi-xanthate, lapho i-alkali cellulose isabela khona ne-carbon disulfide ukuze yenze i-cellulose xanthate. Lokhu okuphakathi kuncibilikiswa ku-sodium hydroxide encibilikisiwe, okukhiqiza i-viscose dope, isisombululo sokuphotha okumele sihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi. Phakathi nalezi zinyathelo zokukhiqiza i-viscose fiber, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yokugaya kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukucindezela okuqhubekayo kuzinzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali futhi kugcina ukuphepha kwenqubo. Ukulawulwa kokufakwa kwe-steam kudlala indima ebalulekile—ukulethwa kwe-steam okunganele kunciphisa ukusabela kuyilapho i-steam eningi ingaphula izivalo, inciphise ukuqina kwe-fiber, futhi iphakamise izindleko zokusebenza.
Ukuqapha ukuhambisana kwesixazululo akuhileli nje kuphela ukulawula ukuhlushwa kwe-NaOH kwe-viscose, kodwa futhi nokubhekana nezingozi zokwakheka kwekristalu kanye nokuvinjelwa okuvamile ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha. Ukwakheka kwekristalu kungenzeka uma amazinga okushisa, ukuhlushwa, noma ukugeleza engaphathwa kahle, okuvimbela amapayipi noma izinto zangaphakathi zokugaya. Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwama-inline pressure transmitters kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi yokugaya ilandelwa njalo. Amamitha okuqina kwe-inline kanye namamitha e-viscosity, njengalawo akhiqizwe yi-Lonnmeter, aletha idatha yesikhathi sangempela kumapharamitha esisombululo—okusiza ukwenza ngcono izimo zokuxuba, ukuncibilika, kanye nokujikeleza.
Ama-transmitter asezingeni kanye nama-transmitter okushisa agcwalisa le suite yezinsimbi, ethola ukuphambuka okungase kubonise ukuvinjelwa okuseduze ekucutshungulweni kwe-viscose noma izinsongo zokukhululwa kwemvelo. Imisebenzi yezitshalo igxila nasekuvaleni izixazululo zokuvimbela ukuguga kanye nokuvuza kokuvala. Ama-Spaul abonakala ezixazululweni ze-caustic ayawohloka, okufaka engcupheni ukuvuza okulimaza kokubili ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nokuhambisana nemvelo. Amashejuli okuhlola njalo, izinqubo zokufaka esikhundleni ngesikhathi, kanye nezinzwa zokuthola ukuvuza ziyasetshenziswa ukuze kuvikelwe ubuqotho benqubo.
Ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwala maphuzu okulawula kanye nezinsimbi eziqondile kulo lonke ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha kuqinisekisa ukuthi isigaba ngasinye—kusukela ekuphekeni kwe-pulp kuya ekuphotheni ifayibha—sisebenza ngokwethembeka. Le ndlela ivimbela ukuwohloka okubizayo, ikhuthaza ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamakristalu, futhi isekela ukufana okudingekayo ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha ye-viscose esezingeni eliphezulu.
Umdwebo Wenqubo Ye-Chloralkali
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Izinselele Eziyinhloko Zenqubo Ezixazululwe Yizixazululo Zokulinganisa Ukucindezela Okuqondile
Ukuqapha nokulawula ingcindezi kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwefayibha ye-viscose kubalulekile ekufinyeleleni ikhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza okuphumelelayo. Ukwelashwa kwe-sodium hydroxide ekwenzeni i-viscose, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-cellulose alkalization, kuncike ekulawulweni kwengcindezi okunembile ukuze kulondolozwe ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-NaOH okuhle kakhulu. Ama-inline pressure transmitters anikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela, okwenza onjiniyela bezinqubo basebenze ngokushesha nje lapho kutholakala ukuphambuka. Lokhu kusabela okusheshayo kubalulekile ekugwemeni amaphutha afana nokungahambisani kwefayibha, ukunciphisa isivuno, noma amandla efayibha anciphile angabangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza ifayibha ye-viscose.
Ama-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters abhekana nezinselele eziningana zokusebenza ezivamile. Idatha yawo yesikhathi sangempela inika amandla ukulawulwa okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokupheka i-cellulose, lapho ukungena okufanayo kwe-NaOH ku-pulp ye-cellulose kubalulekile. Noma yikuphi ukubambezeleka ekutholeni ukushintsha kwengcindezi kungabangela izinguquko zokuhlushwa kwendawo, okuholela ekwelashweni kwe-alkaline cellulose okungalingani. Isibonelo, uma ingcindezi yehla ngokungalindelekile ngesikhathi sokugaya, ukusetshenziswa okunganele kwe-sodium hydroxide ekukhiqizweni kwe-fiber kungabangela ukwakheka kwe-fiber okubuthakathaka kanye nokuvinjelwa okuvela ekuphenduleni okungaphelele.
Ukuvimbela ukuvaleka kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukwakheka kwekristalu kungakheka emigudwini yenqubo lapho amazinga e-NaOH endawo ekhuphuka, noma ingcindezi iwela ngaphandle kwemingcele ebekiwe. Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter aqhubeka nokulandelela indawo yokugaya, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi bangenelele ngaphambi kokuba ukwakheka kwekristalu kuholele ekuvinjweni okukhulu. Ngokufanayo, ngokunika amandla ukulawulwa okuqondile kokufakwa komusi ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha, asekela ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa okuhle, izici ezihlobene eduze nokugcina ingcindezi efanele yokugaya kanye nokufana kwamandla efayibha.
Ukuguga nokuvuza kwesivalo kuyizingozi eziqhubekayo ezindaweni zokwelapha i-alkaline cellulose, lapho amakhemikhali anolaka asheshisa ukuwohloka kwezingxenye. Idatha yokucindezela evela kumadivayisi e-Lonnmeter inikeza isixwayiso kusenesikhathi mayelana nemikhuba yokucindezela engavamile, okubonisa izinkinga ezivela zesivalo. Ukurekhoda ngisho nokuvuza okuncane kusiza ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza, ukulahlekelwa umkhiqizo, kanye nokugcinwa okungahleliwe, kunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi eside kanye nokuvikela ukuphepha komqhubi.
Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter aklanyelwe ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlelo ezikhona zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nokulawula. Lokhu kuhambisana kwenza kube lula ukugeleza kwedatha ukuze kwenziwe izinqumo ezihlelekile. Uma kusetshenziswa kanye namamitha okuhlushwa angaphakathi, amamitha okuxinana, amamitha okunonga, ama-transmitter asezingeni, kanye nama-transmitter okushisa, asekela ukubhekwa kwenqubo okuphelele. Abaphathi bezitshalo bangenza ngcono ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-NaOH ukuze kulawulwe ingcindezi ye-viscose kanye ne-digester, baqinisekise ukuhambisana komkhiqizo, futhi baphathe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngendlela ephumelelayo—konke lokhu kuyizici ezibalulekile zokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa nokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwefayibha ye-viscose okusimeme.
Amaphuzu Okufaka Afanele kanye Nezinzuzo Zokusebenza Kahle
Ukubeka ama-inline pressure transmitters endaweni yokungena kanye neyokuphuma kwe-NaOH digester kunikeza isithombe esiphelele, sangempela sesikhathi sokuguquguquka kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sezigaba ezibalulekile zokupheka kwe-cellulose. Ukufundwa kwengcindezi okunembile kulezi zindawo kuvumela ukulawula okuqinile kokuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-NaOH se-viscose, okuthinta ngqo ukwelashwa kwe-alkaline cellulose kanye nenqubo ye-cellulose alkalization. Ukubeka ama-transmitter eduze kwama-valve okulawula kusiza ukulandelela ukulawulwa kokufakwa kwe-steam, okuyisihluthulelo sokwenza ngcono amaphrofayili okushisa nokugcina ukuvumelana kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokukhiqiza i-viscose fiber.
Ukufakwa emigqeni yokufaka umusi kanye nezindawo ezaziwa ngokubumba noma ukuvaleka kunikeza isixwayiso kusenesikhathi mayelana nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka. Ukuqapha lezi zindawo kunciphisa ingozi yokuvuza kwesivalo futhi kusekela amasu okuvimbela ukuguga kwesivalo. Le ndlela yokuqapha ilwa nezinkinga ezivamile njengokuvaleka ekucutshungulweni kwe-viscose noma ukusatshalaliswa kwe-NaOH okungalingani.
Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela evela kuma-pressure transmitter isekela ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yokugaya okuzinzile. Izingcindezi zokusebenza ezizinzile zivimbela ukuqhuma noma ukwehla okungazelelwe okungabangela ukumiswa okungahleliwe. Ziphinde zithuthukise ukufana kwamandla e-fiber ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-sodium hydroxide ekwenzeni i-viscose kuhlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele eqondiwe.
Idatha yokucindezela eqhubekayo nethembekile inciphisa ukungasebenzi kahle okuvela ekuvuthweni kwe-seal, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sodium hydroxide okushintshashintshayo ezinseleleni zokukhiqizwa kwe-fiber kanye nokugcinwa kwayo. Ukuqapha ingcindezi okusebenzayo kusekela ukusimama kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-viscose fiber ngokusika imfucuza yamakhemikhali kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Njengoba kunjalo, amathuluzi okulinganisa asezingeni eliphezulu abalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-viscose fiber okungabizi kakhulu, okuseqophelweni eliphezulu, kanye nokungangcolisi imvelo. Ukunemba okulethwa ngabathumeli bengcindezi kuholela ngqo ekusebenzeni kahle okuthuthukisiwe, izindleko zokulungisa ezincishisiwe, kanye nokufana komkhiqizo okuphezulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Q1: Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi yokugaya ngesikhathi sangempela kuyithuthukisa kanjani inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwefayibha ye-viscose?
Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi ye-digester yesikhathi sangempela kugcina ukwelashwa kwe-sodium hydroxide kanye nokupheka kwe-cellulose ngaphakathi kwemingcele elawulwa kahle. Lokhu kunemba kuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo ye-cellulose alkalization isebenza njalo, kunciphisa ukuguquguquka okungalimaza ukufana kwe-fiber. Lapho ingcindezi ihlala izinzile, i-cellulose batch ngayinye ithola ukuchayeka okulinganayo ku-NaOH, okuholela emandleni e-fiber abikezelwayo futhi aqinile. Umkhiqizo wokugcina uletha ikhwalithi ethuthukisiwe ngenxa yalezi zimo ezilawulwayo.
Umbuzo 2: Iyiphi indima edlalwa ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-NaOH ezinyathelweni zokukhiqiza i-viscose fiber?
Ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-NaOH se-viscose kuyisici esinqumayo empumelelweni yokwelashwa kwe-alkaline cellulose. I-cellulose kumele ivezwe ekuhlushweni kwe-NaOH okuthile ukuze iguqulwe ngempumelelo; okuncane kakhulu kuholela ekuphenduleni okungaphelele, okushiya imicu ibuthakathaka futhi ingalingani. Ukuhlushwa ngokweqile kungalimaza i-cellulose, kubangele ukuqhekeka kwe-fiber. Ukulawulwa kokugxila okunembile kuyisisekelo sokugcina ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokukhiqizwa kwe-viscose fiber, kusukela ekwelashweni kokuqala kuya ekuphothweni kokugcina.
Umbuzo 3: Yiziphi izinkinga ezivamile ezingasiza ama-inline pressure transmitters ekuvimbeleni ukukhiqizwa kwefayibha ye-viscose?
Ama-inline pressure transmitters abalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwe-crystallization ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha. Ukucindezela okuzinzile kunciphisa ingozi yokwakheka kwe-NaOH, okungavimba amapayipi futhi kubangele ukuvinjelwa okubizayo ekucutshungulweni kwe-viscose. Aphinde avumele ukuvalwa kokuguga ngokuvimba ukwehla kwengcindezi okungavamile, okungase kubonise ukuvuza kwe-seal. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezixazululo zokuvuza kwe-seal kungenzeka ngokuqapha lokhu kushintshashintsha, ukunciphisa ukuvalwa okungahleliwe nokugwema ukungcola komkhiqizo.
UMBUZO 4: Kungani ukulawulwa kokufakwa komusi kubalulekile ukuze kube nokufana kwamandla e-viscose fiber?
Ukulawulwa kokufakwa komusi kulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-digester, kokubili okubalulekile ezindleleni zokupheka ze-cellulose. Uma ukulethwa komusi kuntengantenga, izinga lokushisa kanye nengcindezi kungashintshashintsha, okubangela ukungahambisani ekuvuvukeni kwe-cellulose kanye nokwakheka kwe-fiber. Amathuluzi okuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela aqinisekisa ukuthi ama-fiber batches afinyelela isakhiwo kanye namandla afanayo, asekela imiphumela yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo futhi anciphise ukumosheka ngenxa yemininingwane ehlulekile.
Q5: Ingabe ezinye izinsimbi zenqubo ezingaphakathi komugqa zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela ingcindezi ezitshalweni ze-viscose fiber?
Ezinye izinsimbi zenqubo eziqondile zidlala indima ehambisanayo ekuqapheni nasekulawuleni ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium hydroxide ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha. Ukuhlanganisa amamitha okuqina aqondile, amamitha e-viscosity yi-Lonnmeter, amamitha okuhlushwa, ama-transmitter ezingeni, kanye nama-transmitter okushisa kudala isithombe esiphelele sempilo yenqubo. Isibonelo, amamitha okuqina aqinisekisa ukuhlushwa kwezixazululo ze-NaOH ngesikhathi se-cellulose alkalization, kuyilapho amamitha e-viscosity ehlola izakhiwo zokugeleza ezidingekayo ukuze kuphothwe kahle. Lezi zinsimbi ziqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ipharamitha iyavumelaniswa, kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yefayibha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-15-2026
