Isidingo somhlaba wonke sekhwalithi ephezuluukukhiqizwa kukasawoti wezimbonikudinga izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezisebenzayo, eziqhubekayo, nezithembekile. Inselele enkulu ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba, ikakhulukazi ekuhlukanisweni kwe-sodium chloride (NaCl) eqinile esixazululweni sayo, ukuphathwa okunembile kobuningi besisombululo ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamakristalu okungafunwa, okungakafiki isikhathi.Ukuqapha Ubuningi Besikhathi Sangempelakuvela njengobuchwepheshe be-linchpin bokunciphisa le ngozi ebalulekile yokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza okungaphazanyiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuhle kwezinhlelo zokuhwamuka okukhulu.
Inhloso Yokuqapha Ubuningi Besikhathi Sangempela Ekukhiqizweni Kosawoti Wezimboni
Umgomo oyisisekelo weUkuqapha Ubuningi Besikhathi Sangempelakuzosebenza njengesivikelo esisheshayo emiphumeleni emibi ye-ukwakheka kwekristalu okugcweleokwenzeka endaweni engafanele noma ngesikhathi esingafanele ngaphakathi komugqa wokulungiselela usawoti. Ngokulinganisa njalo amandla adonsela phansi noma ubuningi besisombululo se-sodium chloride, opharetha bathola ukubona kusengaphambili okudingekayo ukulungisa amapharamitha enqubo.ngaphambiUbuningi besisombululo budlula umkhawulo wokuncibilika emishinini ephezulu njengomhwamuko. Lesi senzo sokuvimbela sibalulekile ekukhuliseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kokulungisa.
Ukunquma Inqubo Yokulungiselela Usawoti
Isisekelo sesimanjeukukhiqizwa kukasawoti wezimboniukuhlukaniswa kokushisa kwe-NaCl eqinile kusuka ku-usawoti owuketshezi ongahluziweekhishwe emithonjeni efana namachibi anosawoti, izimayini zikasawoti ezingaphansi komhlaba, noma amanzi olwandle. Lokhu kuguqulwa okungokoqobo, okubizwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuthi "ukuhwamuka kanye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni - ukwakheka kwamakristalu," kulandelana ngamabomu, lapho isigaba ngasinye sinquma ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina kanye nephrofayili yamandla yenqubo.
Isinyathelo 1: Ukuhwamuka Nokuhlushwa (Uketshezi → Uketshezi Olugcwele Kakhulu)
Isigaba sokuqala sihilela ukugxilisa isixazululo se-sodium chloride esingahluziwe esinezinga eliphansi lokugxilisa. Lo manzi acwebezelayo, ogcwele amanzi amaningi, ungena kumayunithi amakhulu okuhwamuka—ngokuvamile ama-Multi-Effect Evaporators (MEE) noma amasistimu e-Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR). Ngokusebenzisa ukushisa noma ukuhwamuka ngaphansi kwengcindezi encishisiwe, kususwa amanzi amaningi. Ukugxilisa kwesisombululo kuyanda kancane kancane.Ukuqapha ukuminyana kwabantu ku-inthanethiKubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sigaba ukulandelela amazinga okuhlushwa akhuphukayo ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuqapha kuhloselwe ngqo ukuvimbelaukugcwala kwamanzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokwakheka kwamakristalu ngaphakathiama-heat exchanger kanye nemizimba ye-evaporator, isimo esingaholela ngokushesha ekungcoleni nasekuvalekeni. Umphumela ofiselekayo weSigaba 1 ukudalwa kwe-isisombululo se-sodium chloride esigcwalisiwe—uketshezi olunamathelayo lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-solute kudlula khona umkhawulo wokuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa lokusebenza, okulungele isigaba esilandelayo.
Isinyathelo 2: Ukwakheka Kwekristalu Nokuhlukaniswa (Uketshezi Olugcwele Kakhulu → Amakristalu Aqinile)
Isixazululo esigxilile, esigcwele kakhulu sibe sesidluliselwa ku-crystallizer ezinikele (okungaba umphumela wokugcina wesistimu ye-MEE noma i-crystallizer ekhethekile yokupholisa). Ukuhwamuka okwengeziwe kwamanzi noma ukunciphisa amazinga okushisa ngamabomu, okulawulwayo kunikeza amandla okushayela adingekayo—izinga lokugcwala kakhulu—okuphoqa i-sodium chloride solute ukuthi ivuthe. Ama-molecule e-NaCl aphuma esigabeni sesisombululo, akha amakristalu e-NaCl aqinile. Lawa makristalu, manje angumkhiqizo oqondiwe, abe esehlukaniswa noketshezi olusele (utshwala obungumama) kusetshenziswa izindlela zemishini ezifana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal noma ukuhlunga. Izigaba zokugcina zihilela ukomisa (ukususwa komswakama) kanye nokuvinjelwa (ukulinganiswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya) ukuze kutholakale uketshezi oluqinile, oluthengiswayo.umkhiqizo kasawoti wezimboni.
Ukukhiqizwa Kosawoti
Inqubo yokwakheka kwekristalu yokuhwamuka kokukhiqizwa kosawoti wemfucuza yezimboni
Izingozi Ezithile Zokugcwala Kwekristalu Okukhulu
Okungalawulwa noma ngaphambi kwesikhathiukwakheka kwekristalu okugcwelengaphakathi kwesitimela sokuhwamuka akuyona nje inkinga; imelela inqwaba yezingozi ezinkulu zokusebenza kanye nezomnotho:
Ukungcola kanye nokukhula:Umphumela osheshayo kakhulu ukwakheka okuzenzakalelayo kwesikali se-NaCl ezindaweni zokudlulisa ukushisa (amashubhu, amapuleti, izindonga) zama-evaporator. Lokhu kwakheka kwekristalu kusebenza njengesivikelo esisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukuvinjelwa kanye nokunciphisa ukuphuma kwamandla:Ukwakheka kwesikali okuqhubekayo kunciphisa ngokushesha ububanzi obusebenzayo bamapayipi, amavalvu, namapayipi okushintshanisa ukushisa, okuholela ekuvinjweni okukhulu. Lokhu kudinga ukuvalwa okuphelele nokubizayo kokuhlanza ngomshini noma ngamakhemikhali, okuthinta kakhulu umkhiqizo.
Ukulahlekelwa Amandla kanye Nezindleko Zokusebenza Ezikhuphukile:Ukungcola kunciphisa kakhulu i-coefficient yokudlulisa ukushisa iyonke (U). Ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokuhwamuka okuqondiwe, opharetha baphoqeleka ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lesifuba somusi (ΔT), okwandisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa.ukusetshenziswa kwamandla—izindleko eziguquguqukayo ezinkulu kakhulu ku-MEE kanye ne-MVRukukhiqizwa kukasawoti wezimboni.
Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Ekulawuleni Ubuningi: Ukuphathwa Okubikezelayo Nokusebenza Kahle
Indlela eya ekukhiqizweni kukasawoti okungcono ilele ekufudukeni kusuka ekulungisweni okusabelayo kuyaukulawula okusebenzayo, ngokuyisisekelo kunikwe amandla ngokunemba okuphezulu,idatha ye-densimeter ye-inthanethi yesikhathi sangempela.
Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kusekelwe ekusebenziseni le datha yobuningi obuqhubekayo—i-proxy eqondile yokuhlushwa kwesisombululo, futhi, ngokujulile,izinga lokugcwala ngokweqile—ukondlaamamodeli ahlakaniphile okubikezela ingozi yokugcwala ngokweqileLawa mamodeli ahlaziya izinga lokushintsha kobuningi, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye namazinga okugeleza ukuze kubikezelwe amathuba okuba khona kwezikhathi zokwakheka kwamakristalu ezizenzakalelayo neziyingozi ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.
Lokhu kuqhutshwa kwamandla okubikezelaama-algorithm okulawula athuthukisiweokuvumela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwamapharamitha e-evaporator eyinhloko ye-MVR/imiphumela eminingi:
Ukugcwalisa/Ukukhipha Amanzi:Ukulungiswa komzuzu nomzuzu kokungena kwamanzi ahlanzekile noma ukuphuma kwamanzi ane-brine egxilile kunganciphisa ngokushesha ukugcwala kwesisombululo.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinga Lokushisa/Ukucindezela:Izinguquko ezincane, ezibaliwe ekucindezelweni kokusebenza (futhi ngaleyo ndlela izinga lokubila kanye nokushisa kokugcwala) ngaphakathi kwemiphumela zinganciphisa kancane izinga lokugcwala okuphezulu, kuvimbele ukuvela kwe-nucleation okuzenzakalelayo kwesikali esiyingozi.
Amamitha Obuningi Obungaphakathi beLonnmeter
Indlela Yokuvimbela: Ukulawula Ukwakheka Kwamakristalu
Ukusebenza kahle kweukulawulwa kobuningi obuqondileilele ethonyeni layo eliqondile ezicini eziyisisekelo ze-crystallization physics:ukwakheka kwe-nucleation, i-kinetics yokukhula, futhiisimo semvelo.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinto Zenuzi:Ngokugcina ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo kungaphansi nje komkhawulo wokuhlushwa okubalulekileokuzenzakalelayo(okufanayo), uhlelo lokulawula ubuningi luqinisekisa ukuthi amakristalu akheka kuphela endaweni oyifunayo (i-crystallizer) futhi ikakhulukazi kumakristalu embewu akhona (i-nucleation engafani). Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka okubanzi kwama-"fines" noma ama-nuclei akha isikali ku-evaporator.
I-Growth Kinetics kanye ne-Mofology:Ukugcina njalookuphansi kodwa okuhleIzinga lokugcwala kwe-supersaturation liqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezikhona zekristalu ziyizindawo ezikhethwayo zokufakwa kwe-NaCl. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukulawulwaukukhula kwekristalukunokuba kube yi-nucleation engalawuleki, ezenzakalelayo. Umphumela uba amakristalu kasawoti amakhulu, akheke kangcono kanye nekhono lokukala elincishisiwe kakhulu.
Ngokusebenza njenge-imitha yobuningi emugqeningamakhono okugcwala ngokweqile,ukuqapha ukuminyana kwesikhathi sangempelaiguqula inqubo yokwenza amakristalu isuke ekusebenzeni okuyingozi, okubucayi ibe umsebenzi wobunjiniyela olawulwayo nobikezelwayo. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kubalulekile kunoma yisiphi isikhungo esihlose ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali okuncane kokusebenza endaweni yokuncintisana ye-ukukhiqizwa kukasawoti wezimboni.
XhumanaI-Lonnmeterukucela ikhotheshini nokuhlanganisa lobu buchwepheshe bokulawula obubalulekile emgqeni wakho wokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-30-2025
