Ama-inline pressure transmitters abalulekile ekukhiqizweni komanyolo we-phosphate ophephile futhi osebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ze-phosphoric acid ezisebenza emanzini. Aletha idatha yengcindezi ethembekile, yesikhathi sangempela emapayipini e-sulfuric acid ancibilikisiwe aqothulayo, amelana nokugqwala, izinto eziqinile, kanye nokuxokozela ngemiklamo eqinile, engadingi ukulungiswa okuningi. Ukuqapha okunembile kuvimbela izimo zengcindezi ezingaphephile, kubangela ama-alamu noma ukuvala ukuze kulawulwe amagesi ayingozi, futhi kugwema ukukhuphuka okungalimaza imishini noma kubangele ukukhishwa. Ukuhlunga okuthuthukisiwe kuqinisekisa ukufundwa okuzinzile naphezu komsindo wenqubo, kusekela ukugeleza kwe-asidi okuqhubekayo kanye nomkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu.
Ukubuka Konke Kwezinqubo Ezibalulekile Zezimboni Ezitshalweni Zomanyolo We-Phosphate
Izitshalo zomanyolo we-phosphate zisebenzisa kakhulu indlela yokukhiqiza i-phosphoric acid enenqubo emanzi. Kule nqubo, i-phosphate ore egayiwe kahle ixutshwa ne-sulfuric acid encibilikisiwe. Le nqubo ye-acidolysis ikhipha i-phosphoric acid ngenkathi yakha i-calcium sulfate dihydrate (i-gypsum) njengomkhiqizo oyinhloko. Ukusabela kuyaqhubeka njengoba i-sulfuric acid ihlasela amaminerali e-phosphate, ikhulula i-phosphoric acid esigabeni soketshezi. Ngaphezu kwama-95% edwala le-phosphate e-United States lidla le ndlela, kugcizelela indima yalo njengomgogodla wemboni wokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ebalulekile efana ne-monoammonium phosphate kanye nomanyolo we-calcium superphosphate.
Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid ezimbonini kuncike kumasu okucubungula i-phosphate ore aqinile. Ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile noketshezi okulungiselelwe kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale isivuno esikhulu se-P2O5 (i-phosphorus pentoxide). Amapharamitha enqubo njengokuqina kwe-ore, izinga lokushisa lokusabela, kanye nokulinganisa kwe-sulfuric acid elawulwayo kumele kugcinwe ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okuncane ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa ngenkathi kuncishiswa ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo eseceleni engafuneki. Ukuvumelana kulezi zinyathelo kuthinta ngqo izinqubo ezingezansi.
Ukuphathwa kwe-Sulfuric Acid kanye nokuphathwa kwemikhiqizo elandelanayo
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-sulfuric acid ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid kumele kulawulwe ngokunembile. Ukulinganisa okunembile kanye nokusatshalaliswa okulinganayo kuthuthukisa isivuno se-phosphoric acid futhi kunciphise i-ore engaphenduliwe. Uma kulawulwa ngempumelelo, ukugeleza kwe-sulfuric acid encibilikisiwe kusiza nokulawula izinga lokuna kwe-gypsum. Ukuxokozela ngokweqile noma ukwengeza i-asidi engalingani kungaholela ekugcwaleni okukhulu kwendawo, okubangela ukukhula okusheshayo kwekristalu kanye nokuvinjelwa okungenzeka emapayipini noma emishinini.
Ukuqapha ukuhamba okubalulekile ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungcola okuvalekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid. Izinhlelo zokulinganisa nokulawula ezithuthukisiwe zisiza ukubhekana nemiphumela yokuphazamiseka kokuxokozela emisebenzini yokucubungula amakhemikhali, okuholela ekuphathweni okungcono komkhiqizo olandelanayo. Isibonelo, izinqubo ezilawulwa kahle zikhuthaza ukwakheka kwamakristalu e-gypsum ahlungiwe, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile futhi kunciphise ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Lokhu kunakwa ekuphathweni komkhiqizo olandelanayo kubalulekile ekusekeleni ukukhiqizwa nokugcina ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo yemfucuza.
Izindlela Zokukhiqiza Umanyolo
Ngemva kokususwa kwe-acid kanye nokuhlunga kokuqala, i-phosphoric acid isebenza njengesisekelo sokukhiqiza umanyolo ezitshalweni zomanyolo we-phosphate. Ukukhiqizwa komanyolo we-Monoammonium phosphate kanye ne-calcium superphosphate kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwama-reactant. Kwi-monoammonium phosphate, i-phosphoric acid esetshenziswa emanzi isabela ne-ammonia ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Enqubweni ye-calcium superphosphate, i-sulfuric acid kanye ne-phosphate rock kuyahlanganiswa ukuze kutholakale ingxube yomanyolo ene-phosphorus encibilikayo ephezulu.
Ukuphathwa kahle kwalezi zindlela zokusabela kudinga ukuqapha okunembile kokugeleza kwe-asidi kanye nezilinganiso zoketshezi oluqinile. Ukulawulwa okunjalo kunciphisa ukusabela okungekuhle futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomanyolo. Ukuphathwa okufanele komkhiqizo olandelanayo we-calcium sulfate dihydrate (i-gypsum) kusabalulekile; ukuqongelela noma ukuhlukaniswa okungafanele kungabangela izinkinga zokusebenza kuso sonke isitshalo. Ngokwenza ngcono isigaba ngasinye—kusukela emasu okuqala okucubungula i-phosphate ore kuya ekuphathweni komkhiqizo olandelanayo—izitshalo zikhulisa umkhiqizo, zinciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi, futhi zisekele ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kwemishini yazo.
Amasu okunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa njalo kanye nokuhlanza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuzinza kokulinganisa ezinqubweni zezimboni, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukulungiswa kwemvamisa yokulungisa. Lezi zindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenza kwezitshalo zomanyolo we-phosphate zisiza ukuvimbela izinkinga eziphindaphindayo futhi zigcine ukuphathwa okuphephile kwamagesi enqubo kanye ne-asidi kuyo yonke indawo.
Ukubhekana Nezinselele Zokusebenza Ekulinganisweni Kwengcindezi Eqondile
Ukuvaleka Kokungcola Nokuphazamiseka Kwezinxushunxushu
Enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid enenqubo emanzi, amapayipi athwala i-sulfuric acid encibilikisiwe kanye ne-phosphate slurry abhekene nezinselele ezinkulu ngenxa yokwakheka kokungcola. Amasu okucubungula i-phosphate ore avame ukwethula izinhlayiya ezinganyibiliki, eziqoqana futhi ziholele ekuvinjweni kwepayipi okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa yilokhu kungcola kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-acid kanye ne-slurry kwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi, okuholela ekufundweni okungazinzile kanye nokumiswa kokukhiqizwa okungahleliwe.
Ama-transmitter okucindezela aqondile kakhulu athola ngisho nokuphazamiseka okuncane kwengcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela, okwenza opharetha bakwazi ukubona ukungcola okuvalekile ezigabeni zokuqala. Lokhu kutholwa okusheshayo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungcola okuvalekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuphazamiseka kwenqubo. Ukuhlanganisa ama-transmitter athuthukile kusekela ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nemiphumela yokuphazamiseka kwe-turbulence ekucutshungulweni kwamakhemikhali, kugcina ubuqotho bokulinganisa naphezu kwezimo ezinzima zokugeleza.
Umanyolo we-Phosphate
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Ukulungiswa Kwemvamisa Yokulungisa Nokwenza Kahle Ukuhlanza
Izindawo zamakhemikhali ezinzima—njengalezo ezitholakala ekukhiqizweni komanyolo we-monoammonium phosphate noma ekukhiqizweni komanyolo we-calcium superphosphate—zisheshisa ukuguguleka kwezinzwa kanye nehadiwe yokuxhuma. Lokhu kuholela ekuqaqeni nasekuhlanzeni njalo, okwandisa imvamisa yokulungisa kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Ukungenelela ngesandla ekusesheni noma ekulinganiseni imishini nakho kuveza abasebenzi ezindaweni zamakhemikhali eziyingozi.
Ama-inline pressure transmitters, aklanyelwe ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye nokuvala okuqinile, anikeza izixazululo zokulungisa isikhathi eside zemishini yokukhiqiza i-phosphoric acid. Idatha yengcindezi ethembekile, yesikhathi sangempela inciphisa isidingo sokuhlukaniswa njalo. Abasebenzi bangagxila ekuhlanzeni ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zokuxilonga, ngokuvumelana namasu okunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa njalo kanye nokuhlanza. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kulungiswa kusiza ukulawula imvamisa yokulungisa futhi kusekele imikhuba emihle nengabizi kakhulu yokusebenza kwesitshalo sikamanyolo we-phosphate.
Ukuqina Kokulinganisa kanye Nokusebenza Kahle Kwenqubo
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid ngezinga lezimboni kuncike ekusebenzeni kwezinzwa okuhambisanayo. Ukulinganisa ingcindezi okuzinzile nokunembile kubalulekile ekulawulweni kwenqubo ye-acidolysis okuphumelelayo ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid. Uma kuhlanganiswa nokuhlushwa okuqondile, ubuningi, i-viscosity, izinga, kanye namamitha okushisa—njengalawo e-Lonnmeter—ama-pressure transmitter avumela opharetha ukuthi baqaphe zonke izici zoketshezi lwenqubo.
Lokhu kusetshenziswa okubanzi kunikeza ukuxilongwa okuwusizo kokusebenza kahle kwenqubo ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid. Isibonelo, ukuhlukahluka kokucindezela okuhlobene nedatha yokuhlushwa noma yobuningi kungaveza izimpawu zokuqala zokwakheka kwesikali noma ukuvaleka okungaphelele, okubangela ukungenelela okuqondiwe. Izinhlelo ezinjalo ezihlanganisiwe zandisa ngqo isivuno, zigcina ukuphathwa okufanele kwemikhiqizo ye-gypsum ye-calcium sulfate dihydrate, futhi zithuthukise imisebenzi yokukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid yenqubo emanzi.
Ukuqinisekisa Ukuphepha Ngokuphatha Izinto Eziyingozi
Ukuphepha kuyinto eza kuqala kuzo zonke izigaba zokusebenza kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali ngenxa yokuphathwa kwamagesi avuthayo naqhumayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezinyathelo zokudlulisa i-asidi. Ukwanda kwengcindezi okungalawulwa kungabangela ukwehluleka kwamapayipi, ukukhishwa kwegesi eyingozi, noma ngisho nokuqhuma. Izinzwa ezingaphakathi, ikakhulukazi ama-transmitter engcindezi angaphakathi e-Lonnmeter, akha umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela kulezi zingozi.
Njengoba zihlonyiswe ngekhono lokuthola ngokushesha kanye nemisebenzi yokuvala ethembekile ebangelwa yi-alamu, lawa ma-transmitter adlulisela ngokushesha ukungalingani kwengcindezi. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kusebenze izinqubo zokuvala ngokushesha, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphathwa ngokuphepha kwamagesi avuthayo naqhumayo ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali. Ukusebenzisa ukuqapha okuqinile nesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ekuvikeleni kokubili ingqalasizinda yabasebenzi kanye nezitshalo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitshalo somanyolo we-phosphate.
Ama-Lonnmeter Inline Pressure Transmitters: Izinzuzo Zomkhiqizo Nezixazululo
Ama-transmitter okucindezela angaphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter akhiwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid yezimboni, amelana nezimo ezinzima ezitholakala ezitshalweni zomanyolo we-phosphate. Ukwakhiwa kwawo okuqinile kwe-diaphragm kanye nezinto ezimanzi kuklanyelwe ngqo ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-sulfuric acid encibilikisayo, i-reagent evamile enqubweni yokukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid, kanye nokubekezelela ukuguquguquka kwenqubo okuvamile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuzinza kokulinganisa.
Ngezici ezihlanganisiwe zokuzihlola, laba bathumeli baqapha impilo yabo njalo, behlinzeka ngokukhishwa kwedijithali ngesikhathi sangempela. Leli khono libalulekile ekubhekaneni nezimo zokuvimba ukungcola okuthuthukile okuvame kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid yenqubo emanzi, lapho izinhlayiya ze-phosphate ore kanye nemikhiqizo efana ne-calcium sulfate dihydrate (i-gypsum) zivame ukuqongelela khona. Ukutholwa okusheshayo kwezehlakalo ezinjalo zokuvimba kusiza ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo, okubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yonke kanye nokugcina imikhuba emihle yokusebenza kwesitshalo somanyolo we-phosphate.
Laba bathumeli banikeza izilinganiso ezinembile, ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho bephatha uketshezi olubolayo noma olunamandla, njengoba kutholakala ngesikhathi senqubo ye-acidolysis kumasu okucubungula i-phosphate ore. Izinto zabo zokwakha ezithuthukisiwe zivumela ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kwemishini ebalulekile, kunciphisa isidingo sokuhlukaniswa nokuhlanza njalo—indawo evamile yobuhlungu ehlotshaniswa nemiphumela yokuphazamiseka kwe-turbulence ekucutshungulweni kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungenelela ngesandla kusekela ngqo ukulungiswa kwemvamisa yokulungisa izitshalo zomanyolo futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.
Ukuhlanganisa ama-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters namathuluzi asekelayo—njengokuhlushwa okuphakathi, ubuningi, i-viscosity, izinga, kanye nezinzwa zokushisa—kudala uhlelo lokuqapha oluhlangene, oluqhutshwa idatha. Le nethiwekhi yokusebenzisana ivumela ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kwezimo zenqubo ezingavamile, njengokwanda kwengcindezi noma izinguquko zokwakheka, okungaholela ezingozini zokuphepha noma ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okungasebenzi kahle. Le ndlela ithuthukisa ukuvimbela ukungcola ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid, ithuthukisa ukwabiwa kwezinsiza, futhi ivumela ukuphathwa okunembile kwemikhiqizo efana ne-gypsum, isekela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo ekukhiqizweni komanyolo we-calcium superphosphate kanye ne-monoammonium phosphate.
Ngokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga okuhlanganisiwe, ama-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters abhekana nezinselele ezihlukile zokusetshenziswa kwe-sulfuric acid encibilikisiwe ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid. Ukufakwa kwawo kukhuthaza ukuphathwa okuphephile kwamagesi avuthayo naqhumayo atholakala ngesikhathi sokucubungula i-phosphate ore, kunikeza ukuqonda okusebenzayo, futhi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kokulinganisa ngisho nasezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu inqubo emanzi.
Izindawo Zokufaka Ezinconyiwe kanye Nezinzuzo Zokusebenza
Ama-inline pressure transmitters kufanele afakwe ngendlela efanele ezindaweni ezibalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza i-phosphoric acid. Ezitshalweni zomanyolo we-phosphate, lezi zindawo ezibalulekile ziwumugqa wokudla we-sulfuric acid oncibilikisiwe, i-reaction mixer, kanye nezindawo zokukhishwa kwe-gypsum. Indawo ngayinye ihlangabezana nokuguquguquka kwenqubo okuhlukile—kusukela ekulethweni kokudla okuzinzile kuya ekuphenduleni okusheshayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-slurry okuyinkimbinkimbi—okudinga ukuqapha kwengcindezi okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuqashwe ukukhiqizwa okuthembekile.
Ukuphindaphinda kubalulekile ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu. Izindawo ezivame ukuqongelela ukungcola—njengezindawo zokugoba, izixubi, kanye nezingxenye zamapayipi amancane—ziyizindawo ezivame ukuvaleka, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid enenqubo emanzi kanye nokukhiqizwa komanyolo we-calcium superphosphate. Ngokufaka izinzwa ezihambisanayo kulezi zindawo, amaqembu asebenzayo angathola ukungahambisani ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwendawo noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-turbulence, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuzinza kokulinganisa ngisho nalapho izimo zenqubo zishintshashintsha noma izinto eziqinile ziqala ukuhlala.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kwenqubo, kunconywa ukuthunyelwa eduze kwezinsimbi ezisekelayo. Ama-transmitter angaphakathi kokugxila, ubuningi (kufaka phakathi amadivayisi e-Lonnmeter), i-viscosity, izinga loketshezi, kanye nokushisa kufanele kuxhunywe ngaphakathi kwesekethe efanayo yamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwenza kube nokuqinisekiswa kwamapharamitha amaningi. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi senqubo ye-acidolysis ekukhiqizweni komanyolo we-monoammonium phosphate, ingcindezi yokubhekisela ehambisanayo enokugxila kanye nokufundwa kobuningi kusiza ukukhomba izimpawu zokuqala zokuphazamiseka kwenqubo noma ukwakheka kokungcola ngaphambi kokuba i-gypsum precipitation iqinise i-slurry noma ivale ukugeleza.
Ukwenza ngcono lolu hlaka lokuqapha kuveza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokusebenza. Ukubekwa kahle kanye nokuphindaphindeka kubhekana ngqo nokuvimbela ukungcola ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid, kunciphisa ukwehluleka okubangelwa yi-turbulence, futhi kunciphise isidingo sokuhlukaniswa nokuhlanza njalo. Imvamisa yokulungisa iyehla, okusiza ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo okubizayo futhi kwandise isikhathi sokuphila kwemishini ebalulekile. Ukuqinisekiswa okuhlanganisiwe kuzo zonke izithumeli zokucindezela, ubuningi, kanye nokushisa kwenza ukuxazulula inkinga okuthuthukisiwe kokungcola kube ngcono kakhulu, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha—ikakhulukazi lapho kuhileleke khona i-sulfuric acid encibilikisiwe kanye namagesi aqhumayo. Izitshalo zithola izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi ngokulinganisela futhi zifeze imikhuba emihle kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezitshalo zomanyolo we-phosphate. Ukubonakala kwenqubo okuthuthukisiwe kusekela ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kulo lonke ukuphathwa komkhiqizo we-calcium sulfate dihydrate gypsum kanye nazo zonke izigaba zokukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid yezimboni.
Isiphetho: Ukukhulisa Ukusebenza Kahle Nokuphepha Ekukhiqizweni Kwe-Phosphoric Acid
Ukuqapha ingcindezi yesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ezitshalweni zomanyolo we-phosphate okuhloswe ngazo ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile ngaphakathi kwenqubo yokukhiqiza i-phosphoric acid. Ukufaka ama-transmitter okucindezela athuthukile—kufaka phakathi lawo aklanywe futhi akhiqizwa yi-Lonnmeter—kuvumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha okuqhubekayo kulo lonke ukukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid yenqubo emanzi kanye nezinqubo ezihlobene njengokukhiqizwa komanyolo we-monoammonium phosphate kanye nokukhiqizwa komanyolo we-calcium superphosphate. Ukufundwa kwengcindezi okunembile nokuzinzile kuvumela amaqembu okulawula inqubo ukuthi aphendule ngokushesha ezimweni ezingavamile, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-sulfuric acid encibilikisiwe ekuhlanzeni i-acid noma lapho kuphathwa amagesi avuthayo naqhumayo.
Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter angaphakathi adlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono imvamisa yokulungisa kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Ngokuletha idatha enesinqumo esiphezulu nethembekile, la ma-transmitter asekela amasu anciphisa isidingo sokuhlukaniswa nokuhlanza njalo, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezisengozini yokuvaleka kokungcola, ukuphazamiseka kwe-turbulence, kanye nokukhula okuvela kumikhiqizo ye-gypsum ye-calcium sulfate dihydrate. Ukuzinza kokulinganisa kuyo yonke indawo yokukhiqiza i-phosphoric acid yezimboni kunegalelo ekuthuthukiseni isikhathi eside nokusebenza kwemishini.
Ukuhlanganisa izinzwa zokucindezela zesikhathi sangempela ngqo ngaphakathi kwamaphuzu abalulekile epayipi kuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi bagcine ukuhambisana okuphezulu nezindinganiso zokuphepha kanye nezidingo zomthetho. Izisebenzi zesikhungo zivikelwa ngamakhono okuthola nokuphendula afanele—okubalulekile lapho besebenza ngezinto eziyingozi noma ezibolile kakhulu. Ukunamathela emikhubeni emihle ngesikhathi sokucubungula i-phosphate ore kanye nokuqapha izinqubo akugcini nje ngokwenza kube lula ukusebenza kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa nokuhlela ukulungiswa kwesikhathi eside kwemishini ebalulekile.
Ekugcineni, ukusebenzisa ama-transmitter okucindezela angaphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter athuthukile kuyo yonke inqubo ye-acidolysis kunika amandla opharetha ukuxazulula inkinga yokuvalwa kokungcola ngendlela efanele. Kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ukuphazamiseka, kusekela ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqhubekayo, futhi kuvumela izitshalo zomanyolo we-phosphate ukuthi zikhulise umkhiqizo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuphepha noma ubuqotho benqubo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Ukuqapha ingcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela kuthuthukisa kanjani ukuvimbela ukungcola kokuvaleka ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid?
Ukuqapha ingcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela kunikeza umbono osheshayo wezimo zengcindezi ngaphakathi kwamapayipi e-sulfuric acid ancibilikisiwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-phosphoric acid emanzi. Ukukhuphuka noma ukwehla kwengcindezi okungavamile kubonisa ukuqongelela kwasekuqaleni kokungcola okufana nodaka lwe-phosphate noma amakristalu e-gypsum, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-turbulence futhi kuyizinto ezivame ukuvimba. Ngokubukeza idatha yengcindezi eqhubekayo, abaqhubi bangathola lezi zimo ezingavamile esigabeni sokuqala, bangenelele ngokushesha ukuze bahlanze noma baphathe izingxenye ezithintekile ngamakhemikhali. Le ndlela eqondiwe ivimbela ukuvinjelwa okukhulu, inciphisa ingozi yokuvalwa kwezitshalo okuphoqelelwe, futhi yenza kube lula ukuphathwa kokungcola uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngesandla okungaphenduli kahle, okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Isibonelo, ukunyuka kwengcindezi okungazelelwe phezulu kwe-valve yokulawula kuvame ukusho ukuthi kukhona idiphozithi evelayo, okubangela isenzo sokusebenza ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kwe-calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum).
2. Kungani ukuzinza kokudlulisela ingcindezi okuqondile kubalulekile emipayipini ye-sulfuric acid encibilikisiwe?
Ukufundwa kwengcindezi okuzinzile okuqondile kubalulekile ekulinganisweni kwe-asidi okunembile kanye nokulawulwa kwesilinganiso sokusabela ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid yezimboni. Ukungazinzi ekulinganisweni kwengcindezi kungabangela ukondliwa kwe-asidi okunganele noma ngokweqile, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwe-asidi, ukucutshungulwa kwe-phosphate ore okungasebenzi kahle, noma isivuno sikamanyolo we-monoammonium phosphate kanye ne-calcium superphosphate ongekho ku-spec. Ukungazinzi nakho kungalimaza ukuphepha kwenqubo; ukushintshashintsha kungase kungabonakali kuze kube yilapho kuvusa ukuvuza noma ukukhathala kwemishini. Ngakho-ke ukugcina isilinganiso sengcindezi esizinzile kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenza kahle kwenqubo, ukuncipha kokuguguleka kwamakhemikhali, isikhathi eside semishini, kanye nokuphathwa ngokuphephile kwamagesi avuthayo naqhumayo ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali.
3. Ingabe ukulinganisa ingcindezi eqondile kunganciphisa imvamisa yokugcinwa kwezitshalo zomanyolo we-phosphate?
Ama-inline pressure transmitter anembile futhi athembekile asekela ukulungiswa kwemvamisa yokugcinwa ngokunciphisa ukuthembela ekuhlukaniseni njalo kanye nemikhuba yokuhlanza. Avumela amasu okulungisa okubikezelayo asekelwe kudatha yokusebenza yangempela kunezinhlelo ezihleliwe. Isibonelo, lapho ukufundwa kwengcindezi kuhlala ngaphakathi kwamazinga ajwayelekile, abaqhubi bangahlehlisa ukuhlolwa okuphazamisayo, banciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokuchayeka okungadingekile ezindaweni eziyingozi ze-asidi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni zomanyolo we-phosphate ezifuna ukulungiswa kwesikhathi eside kwemishini yokukhiqiza i-phosphoric acid, njengoba kunciphisa kokubili izindleko kanye nokuphazamiseka ekuhlanzweni okuvamile ngesandla.
4. Kufanele kufakwe kuphi ama-inline pressure transmitter kumapayipi e-sulfuric acid?
Izindawo zokufaka ama-inline pressure transmitter kufanele zikhethwe ngokugxila ekubalulekeni kwenqubo kanye nengozi yokuvaleka. Izindawo ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi izindawo zokudla zamapayipi kanye nezindawo zokukhipha amanzi—lapho kulindeleke khona ukushintsha kokuhlushwa—kanye nezindawo eziseduze ne-turbulence zokucindezela okukhulu ezisheshisa imvula yokungcola. Ukubeka ama-transmitter ngaphambi nangemva kwama-valve okulawula abalulekile kuvumela ukuqapha umehluko wokucindezela, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola izindawo ezivinjiwe noma ukuthola ukugeleza okungavamile okubangelwa ukwakheka kwe-gypsum esigabeni sokuqala. Lezi zindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenza kwesitshalo somanyolo we-phosphate zisiza ukugcina ukugadwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kahle kwenqubo kanye nokuphepha.
5. Yiziphi ezinye izinsimbi ezingaphakathi okufanele zihambisane nama-pressure transmitter ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid esetshenziswa emanzini?
Indlela ebanzi yokusebenzisa amathuluzi ihlanganisa ama-pressure transmitter kanye nokuhlushwa okuqondile, ubuningi, i-viscosity, izinga, kanye nezinzwa zokushisa. Lokhu kusethwa kwamapharamitha amaningi kuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo, okuvumela ukulungiswa okunembile kuzo zonke izigaba—njengokulawulwa okuqinile ngesikhathi sokulinganisa i-acid noma ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ukuphathwa komkhiqizo we-calcium sulfate dihydrate. Isibonelo, amamitha e-inline density kanye ne-viscosity e-Lonnmeter ahlinzeka ngedatha ebalulekile ngokuhambisana kwe-slurry, okuhambisana nezitayela zokucindezela zokuxazulula inkinga ethuthukisiwe yokuvalwa kokungcola. Uma zisetshenziswa ndawonye, lawa mathuluzi adala uhlelo oluphelele olukhulisa ukuthembeka kwenqubo, ukuphepha kokusebenza, kanye nokukhiqizwa komanyolo we-monoammonium phosphate okhiqiza kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-14-2026
