Ama-transmitter okucindezela angaphakathibona ukucindezela kokucindezela emishinini yokucubungula igesi, okuvumela ukusabela okusheshayo ngabaqhubi lapho kuvela izimo zenqubo ezingazinzile. Izexwayiso zakuqala ezivela ekulinganisweni okuqondile zisiza ukuvimbela ukuphambuka okubangela ukungalingani kwesistimu noma ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo.
Isibonelo, ukwakheka kombhoshongo wokumunca kuncike ekucindezelweni kokusebenza okuzinzile. Ama-inline pressure transmitters aqapha izimo zombhoshongo ukuze alondoloze ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yeyunithi yokususa igesi ye-asidi. Ukuguquguquka kokucindezela kombhoshongo kungathinta amasu okususa igesi ye-asidi ekucubungulweni kwegesi yemvelo ngokushintsha amazinga okudlulisa isisindo noma ukubangela uketshezi oludlulayo, okudinga isinyathelo sokulungisa ngokushesha ukuvikela amayunithi angaphansi komfula.
Ukuhlanzwa kwe-Ethane
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Izidingo Zokuthobela Imithetho, Ukuphepha, kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwempahla
Izinhlelo zokususa igesi ye-asidi yegesi yemvelo zisengozini enkulu yokugqwala okubangelwa amakhemikhali e-asidi kanye nomswakama.Ukulinganisa ingcindezi eqondileIvumela ukutholakala okusheshayo kokwehla kwengcindezi okungavamile, ibeke uphawu lokuvuza okungenzeka kanye nokugqwala ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwehluleka. Abaqhubi basebenzisa idatha yengcindezi yesikhathi sangempela ukuqala ukuvimbela ukugqwala ezitshalweni zegesi, ukunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokulahlekelwa kokukhiqiza. Idatha yokudlulisela emugqeni iphinde ivumele ukuphathwa kusenesikhathi kokuvinjelwa kwe-condensate emapayipini, okungase kuvimbele ukugeleza futhi kuholele ekungcoleni kwezinhlayiya kumayunithi okucubungula igesi.
Ukuguquguquka kwesignali kuma-transmitter enqubo kuvame ukukhombisa ukungazinzile kokugeleza noma ukuqongelela kwe-condensate. Ukuqapha izitayela zokucindezela kusiza ekuxazululeni ukuguquguquka kwesignali nokulindela izimo eziphazamisekile, okwenza kube lula ukulawula ngokushesha. Le ndlela isekela ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zokusebenza kanye namasu obuqotho bempahla abalulekile ezindaweni zokucubungula igesi.
Ukukhulisa Isivuno Sempahla Nokusebenza Kahle Kwamandla
Ukulinganisa ingcindezi eqondile ngaphakathi komugqa kuthuthukisa ngqo ukulungiswa kwesibopho sokushisa se-reboiler, kusekela ukubalwa kwesibopho sokushisa se-reboiler kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ekuhluzweni nasekusebenzeni kombhoshongo wokuvuselela. Emibhoshongweni yokumunca ekucutshungulweni kwegesi, idatha yengcindezi iqondisa ukubalwa kwesilinganiso se-reflux sokucubungula igesi, okuthonya ukusebenza kwenqubo yokuhlanzwa kwe-ethane kanye nezindlela zokubuyisa igesi ezihlobene.
Ukuhlanganiswa nezinsimbi ezingaphakathi ezifana nemitha yokuhlushwa engaphakathi, imitha yobuningi be-Lonnmeter, imitha ye-viscosity engaphakathi, i-transmitter yezinga elingaphakathi, kanye ne-transmitter yokushisa engaphakathi inikeza ukuqapha okuphelele kwempahla. Lolu hlaka lwedatha oluphelele lukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwegesi okuhlobene kahle emasimini kawoyela negesi, ukuqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon okuphumelelayo. Ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi okunembile kusekela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kokuguquguquka kwenqubo, ukunciphisa imfucuza kanye nokukhulisa imbuyiselo ezitshalweni ezilawula ukubuyiselwa kwe-ethane kanye nokuhlanzwa ezinhlelweni zegesi yemvelo.
Ukubuka Konke Kwegesi Ene-Acid, kanye Nokucutshungulwa Kwegesi Okuhlobene
Izinqubo zeyunithi yokususa igesi ene-asidi ekuphathweni kwegesi zincike ekususeni i-CO₂ kanye ne-H₂S ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezimfuneko zemakethe kanye nezemvelo. Isimiso esivame kakhulu ukumuncwa kwamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi izinhlelo ezisekelwe kuma-amine. Umklamo nomsebenzi wombhoshongo wokumuncwa kubaluleke kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ukuxhumana okuseduze phakathi kwegesi yemvelo egeleza phezulu kanye ne-amine ewuketshezi egeleza phansi. Le nqubo ibamba amagesi e-asidi esixazululweni se-amine.
Imibhoshongo yokumunca ekucutshungulweni kwegesi idinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwamapharamitha okusebenza njengesikhathi sokuxhumana, izinga lokushisa, kanye nengcindezi, njengoba lokhu kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokususa kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Ngemva kokumunca, i-amine ecebile igeleza iye embhoshongweni wokuvuselela. Lapha, ukushisa kukhulula amagesi e-asidi amuncwayo, kubuyisele i-amine ukuze isetshenziswe kabusha. Lo mjikelezo ophindwe kabili—ukumunca kanye nokusebenza kombhoshongo wokuvuselela—ubalulekile enkambisweni.
Inqubo yokuvuselela ekuphathweni kwegesi ihilela ukubalwa komsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufakwa kwamandla okushisa, ukulinganisela ukusebenza kahle kokususa igesi ye-asidi kanye nezingozi zokubola kwama-amine. Izinhlelo zesimanje zisebenzisa amasu athuthukisiwe njengenqubo ye-Sulfinol-X, ehlanganisa ukumuncwa kwamakhemikhali nokomzimba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu, ikakhulukazi emifudlaneni yegesi eyinselele. Ubuchwepheshe obusha kumasu okususa igesi ye-asidi ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yemvelo buvumela amazinga aphansi okujikeleza kwe-solvent kanye nezidingo zamandla.
Ingozi yokugqwala ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yemvelo, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni zegesi ene-asidi, idinga ukukhethwa kwensimbi kanye nokuvimbela ukugqwala ezitshalweni zegesi, ukusebenzisa ukuhlunga ama-amine, ukulawula izinga lokushisa okunembile, kanye nokugcinwa njalo.
Izindlela Zokubuyisa Igesi Ezihlobene kanye Nenzuzo
Igesi ehlobene, evame ukukhiqizwa kanye namafutha angahluziwe, iqukethe ama-hydrocarbon abalulekile. Izindlela zokubuyisa igesi ehlobene ezisebenza kahle zibalulekile ngezizathu zomnotho nezemvelo. Ukubuyisa kungafaka phakathi ukufakelwa kabusha, ukuthengiswa okuqondile, ukuguqulwa kube yi-LNG noma i-NGL, noma ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Indlela ngayinye isekela ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ehlobene kumafutha negesi, ukwandisa inani lemithombo kanye nokunciphisa ukuvutha okuvamile.
Ukuqapha okuqondile—njengokugqama okuqondile kanye namamitha okuqina avela eLonnmeter—kudlala indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokululama, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kanye nokutholakala kusenesikhathi kwezinkinga ezifana nokushintshashintsha kwesignali kuizinqubo zokudluliselaUkubekwa kwe-inline pressure transmitter okuhlala njalo ezindaweni ezibucayi kusiza ekuboneni nasekunciphiseni izimbangela zokushaya kwengcindezi, okuvumela ukusebenza kwesitshalo okuphephile nokuthembekile.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwesitshalo sokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon, igesi ehlobene etholakele iyahlukaniswa, ihlanzwe, futhi ihanjiswe ezimakethe ezifanele noma kubuchwepheshe bokuguqula. Ukulinganisa okuqondile kuvumela onjiniyela ukuxazulula ngokushesha ukuguquguquka kwesignali futhi kuvumela impendulo esheshayo ezinkingeni zokuvaleka kwe-condensation, ukungcola kwezinhlayiya, noma izinsongo zokugqwala ezivelayo.
Ukuguqulwa kwemifudlana yegesi ibe imikhiqizo ewusizo kudinga ukwakheka okusebenzayo okuhlukahlukene: isilinganiso se-reflux esilungiselelwe kahle ekuhluzweni, umsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler obaliwe, ukulawulwa okuqinile kokungcola kwezinhlayiya, kanye nokugcinwa okusebenzayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuqhuba inzuzo, kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqapha ingcindezi kanye nekhwalithi kulo lonke uchungechunge lokucubungula oluphelele.
Izigaba Zenqubo Ezibalulekile Ekwelashweni Kwegesi Ene-Acid kanye Negesi Ye-Hydrocarbon
Imibhoshongo Yokumunca Ekucubungulweni Kwegesi
Imibhoshongo yokumunca iyingxenye eyinhloko yezinhlelo zokususa igesi ye-asidi yegesi yemvelo. Ukwakheka kwayo kumele kusekele ukususwa kwegesi ye-asidi okuqhubekayo, kugcinwe ukuphepha kanye nekhwalithi yegesi. Ukulinganiswa okuqhubekayo nokuthembekile kwamazinga okucindezela kanye noketshezi ngaphakathi kombhoshongo wokumunca kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwamasu okususa igesi ye-asidi ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yemvelo. Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ivumela opharetha ukuthi balungise amazinga okugeleza kwe-solvent, baqinisekise ukuthi indawo yokumunca ihlala isesimweni esihle kakhulu sokubamba i-CO₂ kanye ne-H₂S.
Ukugcinwa kwesilinganiso se-reflux esifanele ekuhluzweni kubalulekile ukuze kuhlukaniswe ama-hydrocarbon namagesi e-asidi, ikakhulukazi enkambisweni yokuhlanzwa kwe-ethane. Ukuze kubalwe isilinganiso se-reflux esithembekile ekucutshungulweni kwegesi, ama-pressure transmitters azinikele ahlinzeka ngedatha ebukhoma kokubili ngaphezulu nangaphansi kwama-distillation trays. Le datha ivumela izinhlelo zokulawula ukubala isilinganiso se-reflux ngokunemba futhi zilungise ngokushesha ukugeleza, ziqinise ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo kanye namazinga okutakula. Ezindleleni ezithuthukisiwe ezihambisanayo zokubuyisa igesi, impendulo yokudlulisela ibalulekile kokubili ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kanye nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokuqala kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemibhoshongo yokumunca ekucutshungulweni kwegesi.
Inqubo Yokusebenza Nokuvuselela Umbhoshongo Wokuvuselela Ekwelapheni Igesi
Ukusebenza kombhoshongo wokuvuselela kubalulekile ekubuyiseleni umthamo we-solvent ezinqubweni zokususa igesi ene-asidi. Ibhalansi enembile yokushisa kanye neye-hydraulic incike ekulinganisweni kwengcindezi yesikhathi sangempela ezindaweni ezibalulekile zombhoshongo. Lezi zilinganiso zibona ukuphambuka ekucindezelweni kwekholomu okubangelwa ukukhukhula, ukukhala, noma ukusatshalaliswa kabi, okungonakalisa ukusebenza kahle kokuvuselelwa kwe-solvent.
Idatha yokucindezela, ehlanganiswe nolwazi lokushisa nokugeleza, ifakwa ngqo ekubalweni komsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler, okuyipharamitha ebalulekile yokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwesitshalo sokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon. Ama-transmitter angaphakathi ahlinzeka ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezimbangela zokucindezela, ezingase zivele ngenxa yokudlidliza kwephampu, ukuxoxa kwe-valve yokulawula, noma ukungazinzi kokugeleza komphunga. Ngokubona lokhu kuphazamiseka kusenesikhathi, abaqhubi bangenza ukunciphisa ukucindezela kokucindezela, balungise umsebenzi we-reboiler, futhi balondoloze ukuvuselelwa kwe-solvent ngaphakathi kwemininingwane yomklamo wabo. Lokhu kusekela ngqo ukulungiswa komsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza okuphelele ekwelashweni kwegesi.
Ukuphathwa Kokubola kanye Nokunciphisa Ingozi Yokugqwala
Ukuvaleka kwe-condensate emapayipini nasemishinini yokucubungula kuyingozi ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokugqwala. Ama-inline pressure transmitters aveza izinguquko ezisheshayo ekwehleni kwengcindezi, okubonisa ukunqwabelana kwe-condensate okungenzeka. Lezi zixwayiso ezisheshayo zivumela abaqhubi ukuthi bathathe isinyathelo ngaphambi kokuba ukuvaleka kukhuphuke, okunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nezidingo zokulungisa. Imishini efanayo yokucindezela ixwayisa ngokungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya kumayunithi okucubungula igesi, okubonisa ukufakwa kwesihlungi sesigaba sokuqala noma amadiphozithi ethreyi.
Ukusekela ukuvimbela ukugqwala ezitshalweni zegesi, ukuqinisekiswa kobuqotho bengcindezi yesistimu okuqhubekayo kuthola ukuvuza, ukwehluleka kokuvala, noma ukuhamba kwengcindezi okungavamile—izimo ezingakhuthaza ukuhlaselwa yi-asidi noma zisheshise ukulahleka kwensimbi. Ukuhlolwa kwedatha okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokugqwala ezisunguliwe. Ekusetshenzisweni kwegesi okuhlobene ku-oyili negesi, ukuqapha ingcindezi okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo yesikhathi eside kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza.
Ukunciphisa Ukungcola Kwezinhlayiya Nokushintshashintsha Kwesignali
Ukulinganisa okuqondile kuvumela ukutholakala kokungcola kwezinhlayiya ngokusebenzisa izinguquko ekucindezelweni okuhlukile kuzo zonke izihlungi, amathreyi, noma izingxenye zokupakisha. Ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi izitayela zokucindezela kuvumela abasebenzi basefektri ukuthi basebenzise izindlela zokulawula ukungcola kwezinhlayiya njengokushintsha kwezihlungi, imikhuba yokugeza, noma ukulungiswa kwenqubo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele imingcele ebalulekile.
Ukushintshashintsha kwesignali kuma-transmitter enqubo kudala inselele ekunembile kwedatha kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon. Ukuxazulula izinkinga kugxile ekutholeni izinkinga zezintambo, izihibe zomhlabathi, kanye nemithombo yokudlidliza engabangela ukufundwa okungajwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa kokulinganisa nokufakwa njalo kunciphisa ukukhukhuleka, ukugcina ukusebenza kwe-transmitter kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Ukusebenza kwe-transmitter okuzinzile kubalulekile ukuze kube nesilinganiso esinembile se-reflux, umsebenzi wokushisa, kanye nokubala kokugeleza, konke okusekela imisebenzi yokususa igesi ye-asidi enembile nephephile.
Ukwenziwa Kwezinsimbi Zokusebenza Kahle: Ama-Inline Pressure Transmitters kanye Nezinzwa Ezithuthukisiwe
Izicelo kanye nokulinganisa kwe-Rosemount Differential Pressure Transmitter 3051
Ukubekwa ngendlela ehlelekile kwe-Rosemount 3051 differential pressure transmitter ezinhlelweni zokususa igesi ye-asidi yegesi yemvelo kuthuthukisa ukunemba kokulawula ngesikhathi semisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuhlafuna igesi emuncu kanye nokumuncwa kwama-amine. Kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon, lawa ma-transmitter avumela ukuqapha okuzinzile kuyo yonke imibhoshongo yokumunca kanye nokuvuselela, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokususa igesi ye-asidi kanye nokusekela inqubo yokuhlanza i-ethane ephumelelayo ngokuletha ukufundwa kwengcindezi okuthembekile kokubalwa kwesilinganiso se-reflux kanye nokwenza ngcono umsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler.
Inqubo yokulinganisa i-Rosemount 3051 iqondiswa yizinqubo zomkhiqizi, egcizelela ukubaluleka kokulungiswa kwe-zero trim kanye ne-span ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza. Ukuze kuklanywe futhi kusebenze umbhoshongo wokumunca, ukulinganisa i-transmitter ngokumelene nobubanzi bengcindezi yenqubo elindelekile kugwema ukuxazulula ukuguquguquka kwesignali eduze kwamathreyi ekholomu kanye nangesikhathi sokucindezela kwengcindezi emishinini yokucubungula igesi. Ukulinganisa kunciphisa futhi ukukhukhuleka kokulinganisa okubangelwa izinkinga nezixazululo zokuvinjelwa kwe-condensate, ingozi yokugqwala ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yemvelo, noma ukungcola kwezinhlayiya kumayunithi okucubungula igesi—ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho besignali ezindleleni zokubuyisa igesi ezihambisanayo kanye nokwenza ngcono isitshalo sokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon.
Izici ze-Rosemount 2088 Pressure Transmitter kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwensimu
I-Rosemount 2088 pressure transmitter yenzelwe ukuqina ezindaweni ezigqwalisayo nezinomfutho ophezulu ezivamile kumayunithi okucubungula igesi. Indlu yayo eqinile, ukuvala okuthuthukisiwe, nezinto ezingamelana namakhemikhali zivikela ingozi yokugqwala kanye nezindlela zokulawula ukungcola kwezinhlayiya, okwenza ifanelekele ukugeleza kwenqubo kumasu okususa igesi ene-asidi ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yemvelo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kuhilela ukunamathela eziqondisweni zokufakwa nokugcinwa kweRosemount 2088. Ukufakwa kwensimu kufanele kukhawulele ukuchayeka ngqo ezimbangini zokudlidliza kanye nokucindezela kanye nokunciphisa, ngokuxhumeka okuqinisiwe ngokwezincazelo ze-torque ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuza kanye nokuguquguquka kwesignali. Ochwepheshe bavame ukukhetha i-2088 yokuqapha amakholomu okubuyisa ama-hydrocarbon, ukusebenza kombhoshongo wokuvuselela, kanye nemigqa ye-condensate ebalulekile lapho ukuvinjelwa kwe-condensate emapayipini kuyinkinga. Ukuqinisekiswa kwenzwa ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokulungiswa kabusha, ngokunaka kakhulu izinguquko zemvelo kanye nemijikelezo yokubala umsebenzi wokushisa kabusha, kugcina ukuthembeka kohlelo kokusetshenziswa kwegesi okuhlobene ku-oyili negesi.
Indima Yezinzwa Ezingaphakathi Ezikhululekile Ezitshalweni Zegesi
Ukwengezwa kwezinzwa zamahhala ezingaphakathi, njenge-imitha yobuningi emugqeni or imitha ye-viscosity eqondileekhiqizwe yiLonnmeter, yandisa ubuhlakani obusebenzayo ngale kokuqapha ingcindezi. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa imitha yokuhlushwa emugqeni eceleni komthumeli wokucindezela embhoshongweni wokumunca kwenza kube lula ukulandelela ngasikhathi sinye izitayela zokulayisha igesi ye-asidi futhi kunikeze isixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokungcoliswa noma ukuvaleka. Amamitha obuningi obumugqeni athuthukisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo ngokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yegesi kanye nokwakheka kwayo, okubalulekile ekubuyiselweni kwe-ethane kanye nokuhlanzwa kwegesi yemvelo kanye nokwenza ngcono isilinganiso se-reflux ekuhluzweni.
Amamitha e-viscosity angaphakathi anegalelo ekutholeni nasekuvimbeleni ukungcola kwezinhlayiya, futhi avumela ukuhlolwa okungcono kohlelo lokugeleza emifudlaneni yegesi ye-hydrocarbon. Ama-transmitter angaphakathi ahlanganiswe namayunithi okucindezela aqinisekisa ukuqapha okunembile kwezindawo zokuxhuma uketshezi kuma-absorber kanye namakholomu okuvuselela, avimbele izimo zokuchichima futhi asekele inqubo yokuvuselela ekwelashweni kwegesi. Ama-transmitter okushisa angaphakathi aqinisekisa amazinga okushisa enqubo, agcwalisa idatha yokucindezela yokulawula i-reboiler eqinile kanye ne-heater, okubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono umsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler.
Ukufakwa okuphumelelayo kudinga izinhlobo zezinzwa ezifanayo kanye namaphuzu okufakwa ukuze kucutshungulwe izinselelo ezifana nokushintshashintsha kwesignali, ukuvimbela ukugqwala ezitshalweni zegesi, kanye nokunciphisa ukuvaleka kwe-condensate. Ngokusebenzisa ama-transmitter okucindezela anamamitha okuqina kanye ne-viscosity kaLonnmeter, abaqhubi bathola ukubonakala okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwenqubo, ukuphathwa kwengozi yokugqwala, kanye nokwenza ngcono isitshalo sokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinhlelo Zokulawula
Ukuze wandise ukubuya okuvela ezilinganisweni eziqondile, hlanganisa imiphumela yokudlulisela ohlelweni lokulawula olusatshalaliswayo lwesitshalo (i-DCS) noma endaweni yokulawula nokuthola idatha (i-SCADA). Amasignali e-analog angu-4–20 mA ahlala ejwayelekile ukuze kuhambisane kahle embonini yonke. Lapho etholakala khona, sebenzisa amaphrothokholi okuxhumana kwedijithali (isb., i-HART, i-Foundation Fieldbus) ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokudluliselwa kwamapharamitha ahlukahlukene.
Izinhlelo zokuxhuma zivame ukuhambisa okukhiphayo kokudlulisela kumabhodi okugcina okufakayo emakamelweni okulawula aphakathi. Sebenzisa izintambo ezivikelwe ukuze unciphise ukuphazamiseka kukagesi futhi ugweme ukuhambisa okuhambisana nemigqa ye-voltage ephezulu, okubangela ukuguquguquka kwesignali kuma-transmitter enqubo. Kumaqoqo okudlulisela ezigabeni ezibalulekile—njengalezo ezansi kombhoshongo wokuvuselela noma ngaphesheya kokuhlolwa komsebenzi we-reflux kanye ne-reboiler—nika iziteshi zokufaka ezizinikele ngaphakathi kwe-DCS ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kwe-trending okungaphazamiseki kanye ne-alamu.
Setha ukulandelana kwe-logic ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokulawula ukuze wenze ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-alamu kanye nama-interlocks. Isibonelo, xhumanisa umkhiqizo wokudlulisa ezindaweni eziphansi zamapayipi kuma-valve azenzakalelayo noma izithiyo zokukhipha amanzi ukuze uxazulule ukuvinjelwa kwe-condensate kumapayipi ngokushesha nje lapho kutholwa ukwehla kwengcindezi. Kudingeka ukungenelela okumbalwa komqhubi, okunciphisa ukuqapha ngesandla kanye nomthwalo womqhubi ngesikhathi sokucubungula okuqhubekayo kwegesi ye-hydrocarbon.
Zonke izinyathelo zokuhlanganisa kumele zihambisane nokuhlukaniswa kukagesi, ukuphepha kwangaphakathi, kanye nemikhuba yokumisa ehambisana nezindawo zezitshalo zegesi, ukunciphisa ingozi yokugqwala, ukungcola kwezinhlayiya, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenqubo yonke. Ukufakwa okunesu kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu yama-pressure transmitters ngaleyo ndlela kwenza kube lula ukuqapha okusebenzayo kubalulekile ezindleleni zokubuyisa igesi ezihambisana nokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo zokususa igesi yemvelo.
Izinzuzo ze-Advanced InlineIngcindeziUkulinganisa
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo Ye-OPEX Ephansi kanye Nomphumela Ophakeme
Izixazululo zokulinganisa ezithuthukisiwe eziqondile njengezinzwa zokucindezela, amamitha obuningi, kanye namamitha okulinganisa kusiza ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwesitshalo sokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon. Idatha yokucindezela yesikhathi sangempela, kanye nokufakwa okuvela kuzinzwa ezengeziwe ezifana namamitha okulinganisa ngokwemvelo e-Lonnmeter, kuvumela amasu okulawula aqondile kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokucindezela kanye nobuningi ezindaweni ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwemibhoshongo yokumunca kanye nemibhoshongo yokuvuselela kuvumela ukulungiswa kahle kwamapharamitha afana nesilinganiso se-reflux kanye nomsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler.
Ukubalwa komsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler olungiselelwe kahle—okusekelwe kumpendulo yenzwa enembile—kunciphisa ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezindleko zokusebenza (OPEX). Ngokuzinzisa okokufaka ukushisa nokulungisa ukuphambuka, izitshalo zingandisa ukuphuma ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo. Ekubuyiselweni nasekuhlanzweni kwe-ethane emifudlaneni yegesi yemvelo, izilinganiso eziqondile eziqondile zisekela ukusebenza okuzinzile kwezingxenye zombhoshongo wokumunca futhi zinciphise isidingo samandla kokubili izinqubo zokuvuselela kanye ne-reflux. Lokhu kungenelela kunegalelo enzuzweni ethuthukisiwe, okwenza izinsimbi ezithuthukisiwe eziqondile zibe yinto ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuncintisana kwezomnotho ezindleleni zokubuyisa igesi ezihlobene.
Ukunciphisa Ingozi Nokuphila Isikhathi Eside Kwempahla
Izinzwa eziqondile zinikeza isivikelo esisebenzayo ezingozini ezibalulekile ekucutshungulweni kwegesi. Ukuqapha ingcindezi okuqhubekayo kuthola ukushaya kwengcindezi—imbangela evamile yokukhathala komshini kanye nokwehluleka kwemishini okungenzeka kumayunithi okucubungula igesi. Izimpawu zokuqala zokushaya kwenhliziyo zivumela opharetha ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ezivalweni, kuma-gasket, nakwangaphakathi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izenzakalo zokulahlekelwa noma i-capex engahleliwe. Ubuningi kanye nokufundwa kwe-viscosity okuvelaI-Lonnmeteramadivayisi anikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ngokuba khona kokungcola kwezinhlayiya. Ukuphambuka kubonisa ukuqala kokwakheka kwezinhlayiya ezingavimba amapayipi noma amathreyi ombhoshongo wokumunca, okuvumela ukulungiswa ngesikhathi esifanele futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibizayo.
Ingozi yokugqwala ingenye inkinga ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zokususa igesi ye-asidi yegesi yemvelo. Ukulinganisa okuqondile kukhomba ukwehla kwengcindezi okungavamile noma ukushintsha kobuningi okubonisa ukuvaleka kwe-condensate, ukungena kwamanzi, noma ukugqashuka kwegesi ye-asidi. Ukutholwa okusheshayo kusekela ukungenelela kokuvimbela okwandisa isikhathi eside sempahla. Uma kuhlanganiswa, lawa makhono asiza ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuphephile ngenkathi kuvikelwa ingqalasizinda yesitshalo.
Ukusekelwa Kwemisebenzi Yesimanje Yokubuyisa Igesi Ehlanganisiwe kanye Nokususwa Kwegesi Ene-asidi
Ukusetshenziswa kwegesi okuhlobene nesimanje ku-oyela negesi kudinga ukusebenzisana okungenamthungo phakathi kokuhlukaniswa kwegesi, amasu okususa igesi ye-asidi, kanye nokucubungula okungezansi. Izixazululo zokulinganisa eziqondile zibalulekile ezinqubweni zeyunithi yokususa igesi ye-asidi, lapho idatha yokucindezela enembile, ubuningi, kanye ne-viscosity iqondisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi sangempela kwemibhoshongo yokumunca, imibhoshongo yokuvuselela, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha i-condensate.
Ngesikhathi sokususwa kwegesi ene-asidi, izinzwa ezingaphakathi ziqinisa iziguquguquko zenqubo ezinquma ukusebenza kahle kokuhlafuna i-CO₂ kanye ne-H₂S. Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakheka kombhoshongo wokumunca kanye nomsebenzi kungavumelana nokushintsha kwezakhi zegesi yokuphakelayo ngenkathi kugcinwa izindawo zokudlulisa isisindo ezifanele. Ukufundwa kobuningi obungaphakathi kunegalelo ekusebenzeni kombhoshongo wokuvuselela, okuqinisekisa ubumsulwa be-solvent kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuvuselela. Izinsimbi ezinjalo zibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuguquguquka kwesignali ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvuselela ekwelashweni kwegesi, kulondolozwe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuthembeka kohlelo.
Kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon, okuhlanganisa nokugeleza kwenqubo yokuhlanza i-ethane, ukusebenzisana kwezinzwa eziqondile kwenza kube lula ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha kanye nokulawula okuguquguqukayo. Abasebenzi bangalinganisa kahle izimo zokudlulisa isisindo, balungise umsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler, futhi baphathe ukubalwa kwesilinganiso se-reflux sokucubungula igesi ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha kwesignali noma ukungazinzi kwenqubo. Umphumela uba ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokubuyisa igesi okuhlobene, izinkinga nezixazululo ezincishisiwe zokuvinjelwa kwe-condensate, kanye nokuvimbela ukugqwala okuqinile ezitshalweni zegesi, konke kusekelwe yimpendulo ephelele yezinzwa.
Ama-Transmitter Okucindezela Okungaphakathi Kwe-Lonnmeter
Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter angaphakathi aklanyelwe ukuthembeka ezindaweni ezibucayi ezivame kakhulu ezinqubweni zeyunithi yokususa igesi ene-asidi kanye nezindlela zokubuyisa igesi ezihlobene. Emisebenzini yase-oyili, lawa ma-transmitter achayeka kumagesi ane-asidi egqwalisayo, umswakama ophezulu, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuvamile. Izindawo eziqinile zezinzwa nezinto ezimanzi ziqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside ngisho nasemifudlaneni yegesi ene-asidi kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
Inqubo yabo elula yokuyiqalisa—equkethe ukuxhumeka kwe-plug-and-play kanye nokuqashelwa kwenzwa okuzenzakalelayo—inciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi ngesikhathi sokufakwa kanye nokushintsha. Lokhu kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa noma ukulungiswa kwezinhlelo zokwelashwa kwegesi lapho ukunciphisa ukungasebenzi kuthinta ngqo ukwenziwa ngcono kwezitshalo zokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon.
Izinqubo zokuxhumana zedijithali zijwayelekile kuwo wonke ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokulawula ezisatshalalisiwe kanye nokuxilongwa okuthuthukile. Lawa ma-transmitter ahlala eziqapha ngokwawo izinkinga ezifana nokushintshashintsha kwesignali, ukuzulazula kwesisekelo, kanye nengozi yokuvaleka kwe-condensate. Izexwayiso zokuzixilonga kusenesikhathi zisiza abaqhubi ukuthi babambe izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba ziholele ezenzakalweni eziyingozi noma ukuvalwa okungalindelekile.
Yakhelwe izidingo zamasu okususa igesi ene-asidi kanye nezinqubo zokuhlanza i-ethane engqondweni, ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter amelana nokucindezela kokushaya kanye nokungcola kwezinhlayiya. Lokhu kuthuthukisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokucubungula igesi ezifaka imibhoshongo yokumunca kanye nemibhoshongo yokuvuselela, lapho ukulinganisa ingcindezi okuzinzile kubalulekile khona ekubalweni okunembile kwesilinganiso se-reflux kanye nokwenza ngcono umsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler.
Ngokungafani nama-transmitter avamile, amayunithi angaphakathi e-Lonnmeter ane-electronics ezivalekile ezinciphisa ingozi yokugqwala futhi zivumele ukusetshenziswa emifudlaneni yokucubungula igesi emanzi noma engcolile. Ziyahambisana nezinqubo eziningi zokulungisa igesi ye-hydrocarbon, ziqeda ukulinganisa kabusha njalo noma ukwehluleka kwezinzwa ngenxa yokungcola. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuqapha okuthembekile kokuphepha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuhambisana nezinhlelo zokususa igesi ye-asidi yegesi yemvelo.
Imijikelezo yokulungisa ejwayelekile ayivamile ngenxa yokuxilonga okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kohlelo. Lokhu kushintsha kusuka ekulungiseni okusebenzayo kuya ekulungiseni okubikezelayo kusiza ukuphathwa kwesikhungo okuphephile futhi kunciphisa izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Ngenxa yalokho, abaphathi bezitshalo kanye nonjiniyela bezinsimbi bangagcina umkhiqizo ophezulu futhi basebenze ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokukhishwa komoya, okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwegesi okuhlobene ku-oyili negesi nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
Indlela Yokubandakanya: Cela Isilinganiso noma Ukubonisana Ngobuchwepheshe
Abaphathi bezimboni, onjiniyela bezinsimbi, kanye nabaqhubi bezikhungo zegesi bangaqala inqubo yokuxhumana neLonnmeter ngezinyathelo ezintathu ezilula. Okokuqala, ukuxhumana nokuthengisa ngobuchwepheshe ngqo kwenza kube nokubuyekezwa okujulile kwezimo ezithile zezitshalo—njengezinkinga ezihlukile zokuvaleka kwe-condensate noma isidingo sokuxazulula inkinga yokuguquguquka kwesignali. Lokhu kungenziwa nge-imeyili, ucingo, noma ifomu lokubuza eliku-inthanethi.
Okwesibili, ngesikhathi sokubonisana ngobuchwepheshe, ithimba le-Lonnmeter lizoqoqa amapharamitha athile okusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwegesi yenqubo, ukucindezela kombhoshongo wokumuncwa okuqondiwe, kanye nezimbangela zokushaya kwengcindezi okulindelekile kanye nemikhawulo yokunciphisa. Le ndlela elungiselelwe iqinisekisa ukuthi umthumeli ngamunye uhambisana kahle nendawo yokusebenza.
Okwesithathu, ngemva kokubuyekezwa kwesicelo, amakhasimende athola isilinganiso esiningiliziwe nesilungiselelwe ngokwezifiso. Uma kudingeka ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe, amayunithi okubonisa angahlelwa endaweni, asekele ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo ezimweni zangempela zenqubo. Le ndlela elandelanayo ivumela ababambiqhaza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters agcwalisa zonke izidingo zokusebenza kanye nokuhambisana nemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokucubungula igesi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa okugcwele.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Ama-inline pressure transmitter asiza kanjani ukuvimbela ukuvaleka kwe-condensate emapayipini?
Ama-inline pressure transmitter adlala indima ebalulekile ezindleleni zokubuyisa igesi ezihambisanayo kanye nokwenza ngcono isitshalo sokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon. Lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka ngedatha yokucindezela okuqhubekayo, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi babone ukwehla okungazelelwe noma amaphrofayili okucindezela angajwayelekile—uphawu oluvamile lokuqongelela kwe-condensate ngaphakathi kwamapayipi. Ukuqaphela lezi zindlela ngesikhathi sangempela kwenza kube lula ukungenelela okusheshayo, njengokulungisa amapharamitha okusebenza noma ukuqala imikhuba yokuhlanganisa, okunciphisa ingozi yokuvaleka kwe-condensate. Le ndlela yokuvimbela isiza ukugwema ukuvalwa okungahleliwe futhi igcina ukuphuma okuqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokusetshenziswa kwegesi okuhlobene ezindaweni zikawoyela negesi.
Iyini indima yezinzwa eziqondile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kombhoshongo wokumunca?
Izinzwa eziqondile—kufaka phakathi lezo zokulinganisa ingcindezi, izinga, ukuhlushwa, kanye nokushisa—zibalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kombhoshongo wokumunca okuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni zeyunithi yokususa igesi ene-asidi. Lezi zinzwa zinikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela esekela ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemibhoshongo yokumunca ekucutshungulweni kwegesi. Ama-pressure transmitters, isibonelo, asiza ukugcina ingcindezi eqondiwe ebalulekile kumasu okususa igesi ene-asidi ekucutshungulweni kwegesi yemvelo. Idatha enembile evela kuzinzwa eziqondile ibalulekile ekubalweni kwesilinganiso se-reflux esinembile sokucubungula igesi, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle ekuhlukaniseni amagesi ene-asidi futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza okuphelele kwezinhlelo zokususa igesi ene-asidi ene-gesi yemvelo.
Amadivayisi okulinganisa ingcindezi akusekela kanjani ukulungiswa kwesibopho sokushisa kwe-reboiler?
Ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi okunembile esigabeni se-reboiler kuvumela ukulawulwa okuqinile kwengcindezi yokusebenza, okuyisisekelo sokwenza ngcono umsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler enqubweni yokuvuselelwa kokwelashwa kwegesi. Abasebenzi bathembele kulezi zibalo ukuze bathuthukise ukufakwa kokushisa, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwe-reboiler. Ingcindezi elawulwa kahle isekela ukubalwa okuhle kakhulu komsebenzi wokushisa we-reboiler, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukususwa kwegesi ye-asidi kuhlala kusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla okungadingekile. Ukuqapha ingcindezi njalo kunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nokushaya kwengcindezi emishinini yokucubungula igesi, okuthi uma kungabhekwa, kungaphazamisa umsebenzi wokushisa nokuhlukaniswa.
Kungani ukulawula ukungcola kwezinhlayiya kubalulekile kumayunithi okususa igesi ene-asidi?
Kumayunithi okususa igesi ene-asidi, ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya kungaholela ekukhuphukeni okuqhubekayo kokwehla kwengcindezi kuyo yonke imishini efana nezinciphisi kanye nezivuseleli. Lokhu kumelana okwandisiwe akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo kodwa kuphakamisa ingozi yokwehluleka kwemishini. Ukulinganisa ingcindezi okuqondile kuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi babone ngokushesha ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi okungavamile, okungase kubonise ukungcoliswa kwesigaba sokuqala. Ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi kuvumela ukungenelela ngesikhathi esifanele—ukuhlanza noma ukushintsha izimo zokusebenza—futhi kusekela izindlela zokulawula ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya ezivikela ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula igesi ye-hydrocarbon ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza okuqhubekayo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-pressure transmitter e-Rosemount 3051 kanye ne-2088 asetshenziswayo?
I-differential pressure transmitter 3051 ikhethwa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukulinganisa okunembe kakhulu, njengokulawula isilinganiso se-reflux kumakholomu okuhluza noma ukuqapha ukwehla kwengcindezi kuma-reboilers. Ukunemba kwayo kuyenza ivumelane kahle lapho ukuhlukaniswa kwengcindezi okunezincazelo ezithile kuqhuba khona amasu okususa igesi ye-asidi esebenza kahle. Imodeli ka-2088, ngokuphambene nalokho, yenzelwe i-gauge eqondile noma ukuqapha ingcindezi ngokuphelele, efanelekile ezimweni zesevisi ezinzima lapho ukuthembeka kubalulekile khona. Ngenkathi womabili amamodeli engasekelwa ngeziqondiso zokufaka ezinemininingwane kanye nokulinganisa, ukukhetha kuncike emfunweni yenqubo—ukulawula okuhlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nokufundwa kwengcindezi okuqinile, kwephuzu elilodwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-13-2026
