Ukubuyiselwa Kwezinsika kanyeGob Area Pukujikelezakwezezimayini
I. Ukubaluleka Kokubuyiselwa Kwezinsika kanyeGob Area Pukujikeleza
Ezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukubuyiswa kwezinsika kanye nokucubungula indawo ye-gob kuyizinqubo ezibalulekile nezixhumene eduze ezishiya imiphumela ejulile ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwezimayini. Izinsika ziyizinto ezibalulekile zokwakha ukusekela izindawo ezicabangelayo. Ukubuyiswa ngempumelelo kwalezi zinsika kuthinta ngqo izinga lokubuyiswa kwezinsizakusebenza ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi kunquma izinzuzo zomnotho zemayini. Inani elikhulu lensimbi lizoshiywa ngemuva uma lingenakutholakala ngesikhathi esifanele, okuholela ekuchithekeni okukhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu enzuzweni iyonke ekumayini.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukucutshungulwa okungafanele kwendawo ye-gob kungaholela ochungechungeni lwezinkinga zokuphepha. Ukucindezela komhlabathi kuyanqwabelana ngokwanda kwezindawo ze-gob, okwandisa izingozi zokuguqulwa kwezinsika kanye nokwehluleka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu. Lokhu kungabangela ukuwa kophahla olukhulu, ukunyakaza kwamadwala, ukwehla kobuso, ukuqhekeka, kanye nokuwa, okubangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu kubasebenzi kanye nemishini engaphansi komhlaba.
Ukulungiswa kwezinsika okungekuhle kanye nokucubungula indawo ye-gob kungaholela ezinkingeni zemvelo njengokuphazamiseka kwamazinga angaphansi komhlaba, izimila zomhlaba ezilimele, kanye nokungalingani kwemvelo yendawo. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuselelwa kwezinsika okungokwesayensi nokusebenza kahle kanye nokucubungula indawo kubalulekile ekukhiqizweni okuphephile, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kusebenza kahle, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Lezi zinqubo zidinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kobudlelwano bazo obuhlangene ezinhlelweni zezimayini.
II. Ukubuyiselwa Kwezinsika
(1) Izindlela Ezivamile
Izindlela zokubuyisa izinsika zifaka phakathi ukumisa okuvulekile, ukugcwalisa emuva, kanye nokugoba, ngayinye ifanele izimo ezithile ezihambisanayo.
I-Open Stoping iyindlela efanelekile yamatshe aqinile nezindawo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo. Inezinqubo ezilula zokumba kanye nezindleko eziphansi kodwa ishiya izinsika eziningi ezisele. Ukuhlehliswa okulibazisekile noma okungafanele kungaholela ekucindezelekeni okujulile, okubeka izingozi ezingaba khona ekuhlolweni okuqhubekayo.
I-Backfill ifanelekela amatshe ayigugu noma izimayini ezinenani eliphezulu ezinezidingo eziqinile zokuncipha komhlaba. Kuhilela ukusebenzisa izinto zokugcwalisa ukuze kuqiniswe idwala elizungezile, kuthuthukiswe amazinga okubuyisa i-ore, futhi kuncishiswe ukuguquka komhlaba. Amathuluzi athuthukisiwe, njengeamamitha obuningi be-slurry aku-inthanethi, kusiza ukuqapha amandla ezinto ezigcwalisiwe ngokulinganisa ubuningi besikhathi sangempela.I-Lonnmeterinikeza amathuluzi ahlakaniphile ezixazululo zokumba ezenzakalelayo.Xhumana nathiukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngamamitha obuningi be-slurry aku-inthanethi. Kodwa-ke, ukugcwalisa emuva kubangela izindleko eziphakeme kanye nobunzima.
Ukugebha kusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho izinkinga zemihume yamadwala ezungezile ngokwemvelo noma endaweni engcolile zingaxazululwa khona ngokugebha ngenkani. Kuvimbela ukugxilisa ingqondo kodwa kungandisa ukugeleza kwe-ore futhi kuthinte imigudu eseduze.
(2) Ucwaningo Lwecala
Thatha indlela yegumbi nensika njengesibonelo ukuze ubonise inqubo yokubuyisa ngokuningiliziwe. Imayini isebenzise ukubhoboza okuqondile, okufana nokwefeni ezingxenyeni eziphakathi kwezinsika, ukubhoboza okuvundlile kwezinsika zophahla, kanye nokubhoboza okuphakathi nendawo kwezinsika zophahla. Uchungechunge lokuqhuma lwahlelwa ngokucophelela ukuphatha ukuqondiswa kokuwa kwetshe le-ore kanye nobubanzi balo. Izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya zaqinisekisa ukuthi umoya omusha ungena emizileni ye-scraper ngemizila engezansi; umoya ongcolile ukhishwa ngomthombo wokungenisa umoya ophezulu ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomoya. Bese izinsimbi ezigobile zikhuhlwa ngokuvundlile bese zidonswa yimoto yemayini engezansi kahle.
(3) Amaphuzu Abalulekile Ekululameni
Kubalulekile ukukhetha izindlela zokubuyisa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezithile zezinsika eziguquguqukayo ngesikhathi sokubuyisa izinsika. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela ekhethiwe ivumela kokubili ukubuyisa okusebenzayo kwezinsimbi kanye nokuphepha okusebenzayo ngemuva kokulinganisa zonke izici ezifana nosayizi, ukuma, ukuqina kwedwala lensimbi, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo kwezinsimbi ezizungezile, njll. Ukucindezeleka kanye nokuguquka kwezinsika kufanele kuqashwe ngesikhathi sangempela ngokwesaba noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle.
Ukuvikela ukuzinza kwezinsika kubalulekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokutakula. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokutakula se-stop, imingcele yokumba kumele ilawulwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo omkhulu ezinsikeni. Ngesikhathi sokutakula, izimo zokucindezeleka kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinsika kufanele ziqashwe ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma kutholakala noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka, isu lokutakula kufanele lilungiswe ngokushesha. Lokhu kungafezwa ngokufaka imishini efana nezinzwa zokucindezeleka kanye neziqaphi zokufuduka ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa okunembile kwezimo zezinsika.
Umklamo wokuqala wokumba uyisisekelo sokubuyiselwa kwezinsika ngempumelelo. Ukuhlelwa okunengqondo emgwaqweni nasegumbini, kanye nezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zokungenisa umoya, ezokuthutha kanye nezokukhipha amanzi konke kunikeza izinzuzo emisebenzini elandelayo yokumba, ukuqhuma, kanye nokukhipha i-ore. Isibonelo, ukwakheka okunembile kwe-gradient kanye nobude be-mucking drifts kuqinisekisa ukuthuthwa kwe-ore okubushelelezi.
Imisebenzi yokuqhuma kanye nokukhipha insimbi kufanele ihlelwe ngokufanele. Amapharamitha okuqhuma kufanele anqunywe ngokwesayensi ngokusekelwe esakhiweni sezinsika kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma ukuthi kungabangeli umthelela omkhulu ezinsikeni nasedwaleni elizungezile. Inqubo yokukhipha insimbi kumele ihlelwe ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze kugwenywe ukuqongelela insimbi, okungaphazamisa imisebenzi elandelayo futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ukwenza ngcono isikhala semigodi yokuqhuma kanye nenani lamacala okuqhuma ngokusekelwe ekujikeni nasekuqineni kwezinsika ezahlukene kungafeza ukuqhekeka kwensimbi okuphumelelayo kanye nokululama okuphephile.
III.Gi-obArea Pukujikeleza
(1) Inhloso
Umgomo oyinhloko wokucubungula indawo ye-gob ukusabalalisa kabusha ukucindezeleka okugxilile, kufezwe ukulingana okusha ekucindezelekeni kwamadwala ukuze kusebenze imisebenzi yokumba ephephile futhi ezinzile. Uma kungaxazululwa, ukugxila ekucindezelekeni ezindaweni ze-gob kungaholela ekuweni kophahla, ekususweni kwamadwala, nakwezinye izingozi.
(2) Izindlela Ezivamile
Ukugoba Amatshe: Iziqhumane zigoba amatshe azungezile ukuze zigcwalise izindawo ezigobile, zinciphise ukucindezeleka futhi zakhe ungqimba lwe-buffer. Ukujula kwezinto ezigobile kufanele kudlule amamitha ayi-15-20 ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Amasu okuqhuma athuthukisiwe, njengokuqhuma kwemigodi ejulile, enza ngcono ukusebenza kahle.
Ukugcwalisa i-backfill: Kufanelekela ukumbiwa kwe-ore okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezindawo ezinezidingo eziqinile zokuqina komhlaba. Izinto zokwakha zifaka idwala elingcolile, isihlabathi, imisele, kanye nokhonkolo. Ukulawula ngokuqinile ubuningi kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-backfill kukhulisa amandla okusekela.
Ukuvala: Ukwakha izindonga ezibanzi zokuhlukanisa emihubheni yokufinyelela ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqhuma. Lena indlela yesibili, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezincane ze-gob.
IV. Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kokubuyiselwa Kwezinsika Nokucubungula Indawo Ye-Gob
Lezi zinqubo zincike komunye nomunye. Ukuvuselelwa kwezinsika kuthinta ukuzinza kwendawo ye-gob, njengoba ukususa izinsika kusabalalisa kabusha ukucindezeleka, okungase kuholele ekuweni kophahla kanye nezinye izingozi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukucubungula indawo ye-gob kuthinta ukuphepha kanye nokwenzeka kokuvuselelwa kwezinsika. Izindawo ze-gob eziphethwe kahle zinciphisa ukucindezeleka ezinsikeni ezisele, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza okuphephile.
I-oda lokusebenzisa lincike ezintweni ezifana nomsebenzi wokucindezeleka, izimo zomuntu ngamunye, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kudinga ukucutshungulwa kwendawo ye-gob kuqala, kuyilapho idwala elibuthakathaka lingadinga ukubuyiselwa kwensika kanyekanye nokwelashwa kwendawo ye-gob.
V. Izifundo Ezifundiwe
Yenza ngezifiso izinhlelo ngokusekelwe ezimweni ze-geological, usebenzisa amadivayisi okuqapha athuthukile ukuze uthole ukucindezeleka kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulandelela ukufuduka.
Qhathanisa futhi uthuthukise amasu ahlukahlukene okucubungula indawo yokutakula kanye ne-gob ngesofthiwe yokulingisa ukubikezela imiphumela, ukunciphisa izingozi kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukubuyiswa kwezinsika okuhlelekile kanye nokucutshungulwa kwendawo ye-gob, kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezimayini, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokusimama.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-22-2025
