I-phosphate slurry iyinhlanganisela ebanzi yedwala le-phosphate eligayiwe kahle elilenga emanzini. Ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimayini kanye nomanyolo, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela emayini ziye ezitshalweni zokucubungula kanye nasekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid. Ngenxa yenani layo lezomnotho kanye nelemvelo, ukuthuthwa kwe-phosphate slurry okusebenzayo kusekela uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhakha emikhulu yezolimo kanye neyezimboni.
Ukuthuthwa kwe-phosphate slurry kuvame ukwenzeka ngamapayipi, lapho ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokuvumelana komkhiqizo kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo ezihlukile ze-rheological ze-phosphate slurry ziletha izinselele ezibalulekile. Ukuziphatha kwayo okungeyona i-Newtonian, ukwehlisa ukugunda kusho ukuthi i-viscosity kanye nezici zokugeleza ziyashintsha ngokuguquguqukayo, kuye ngokuthi kugxilwe kangakanani, usayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Imithwalo ephezulu eqinile ingaphakamisa i-viscosity kanye nokucindezeleka kokukhiqiza, okwenza ukuthuthwa kwepayipi kube sengozini yokwanda kwesidingo samandla, ukugeleza okungalindelekile, kanye nengozi yokuvaleka noma ukuhlala phansi.
Izisekelo Zokuziphatha Kwe-Phosphate Slurry
Ukwakheka kanye Nezakhiwo Ezibonakalayo
I-phosphate slurry yakhiwe yi-phosphate ore ehlukaniswe kahle elenga oketshezini oluthwalayo, ngokuvamile emanzini. Ingxube ivame ukufaka izithasiselo zamakhemikhali ezifana nama-reagents okuntanta, ama-pH modifiers, noma amanye amakhemikhali enqubo aklanyelwe izidingo zokuzuza. Izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko—izinhlayiya ezilengayo, uketshezi oluthwalayo, kanye nezithasiselo—zilawula ukusebenzisana kwe-slurry ngokomzimba nangokwekhemikhali.
Ukucubungula Amadwala e-Phosphate
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Usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kubalulekile. Izinhlayiya ezincane zandisa indawo engaphezulu, ziqinisa ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuthambekela kokudaka. Lapho ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi kuncipha (okungukuthi, izinhlayiya ziba zifana kakhulu), ukuthambekela kukhuphuka kakhulu, kwenze ukugeleza kube nzima futhi kukhuphule ingozi yokuhlala kwamapayipi. Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi (okusabalala nge-polydisperse), uma kwenziwa, kunganciphisa ukuthambekela okubonakalayo ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokupakisha nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinhlayiya. Isibonelo, ukuthambekela kokudaka kuyagaywa ngokwemodeli ye-Rosin-Rammler-Benne noma kuhlaziywe yi-fractal geometry kubonisa umehluko kokubili ezimpahleni ze-rheological kanye nokumelana nokuthuthwa.
Ukugxila okuqinile kunquma ukuthi izinhlayiya zigcwele kangakanani. Ukugxila okuphezulu kuphakamisa kokubili ukujiya okubonakalayo kanye nokucindezeleka kokukhiqiza, kushintsha ukuziphatha kokugeleza kusuka ku-pseudoplastic (ukugxila okumaphakathi) kuya ku-Bingham plastic noma ngisho ne-dilatant non-Newtonian regimes ngokwedlulele. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokugxila kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya buyisisekelo sokwenza ngcono ukuthuthwa kwe-slurry—ukulawula lezi zici ezimbili kwenza ukuhamba kwepayipi okuphumelelayo kwe-slurry, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuguguleka kwemishini.
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ezifana ne-viscosity kanye nobuningi zibeka imingcele yokusebenza eyisisekelo yokusebenza kahle kokuthutha kwepayipi. I-viscosity ye-slurry inquma ukumelana nokugeleza, okuthinta ngqo izidingo zokupompa. I-slurry density, ethonywe ukuhlushwa okuqinile kanye nezakhiwo zezinhlayiya, ibumba iphrofayili yokucindezela kwe-hydrostatic futhi ilawula amathuba okuvaleka kwepayipi kanye nemicimbi yokuzinza. Amamitha e-viscosity aku-inthanethi, amamitha e-liquid density aku-inthanethi, kanye nezindlela eziqondile zokulinganisa i-slurry viscosity ziyadingeka ukuze kuqashwe ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo, kusekela kokubili izindlela zokuvimbela ukuvaleka kwepayipi kanye nokuvimbela ukuvaleka.
Umthelela we-Slurry Rheology ekucutshungulweni
Ama-slurries e-phosphate ngokuvamile abonisa ukuziphatha okungeyona i-Newtonian. I-viscosity yawo ayiguquguquki; kuncike esilinganisweni sokusika okusetshenzisiwe. Iningi libonisa izici ze-yield-pseudoplastic (ukusika okunokucindezeleka kwe-yield) noma ze-Bingham plastic. Ngokwesimo esingokoqobo, ukugeleza kuqala kuphela lapho ukucindezeleka komkhawulo (i-yield) kudluliwe; ngale kwalokhu, i-viscosity yehla ngokushesha ngamazinga aphezulu okusika.
Isimo esingeyona i-Newtonian sinemiphumela eqondile yohlelo lokugeleza kanye nomklamo wesistimu:
- Ukwehla Kwengcindezi:Ukuchacha okuphezulu kanye nokucindezeleka kwesivuno kwandisa ukwehla kwengcindezi okudingekayo kwesilinganiso esithile sokuthutha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kudingeka amandla engeziwe ukuze kulondolozwe ukugeleza, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esiphansi noma ngokugxila okuphezulu okuqinile. Amamodeli ezibalo afana nomthetho weHerschel-Bulkley, Bingham, noma i-Ostwald-Power avame ukusetshenziswa ukubikezela lokhu kuziphatha nokwazisa usayizi wesistimu.
- Ukusebenza Kombhobho:Lapho ukujiya kanye nokucindezeleka kwesivuno kukhuphuka ngaphezu kwemingcele ethile (ngenxa yezinguquko kusayizi wezinhlayiya noma ukujiya), ingozi yokuma kokugeleza, ukuvaleka kwepayipi, noma ukwehla okukhulu kuyanda. Ukulawulwa okuphumelelayo kosayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nokujiya, kanye nokuqapha ukujiya kanye nokuminyana ngesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezivelaabakhiqizi bemitha yobuningi be-inthanethinjengeLonnmeter, zibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekile.
- Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezokuthutha:Ukuziphatha kokunciphisa ukugunda (pseudoplastic) kusiza ukupompa ngoba i-viscosity yehla ngesivinini esiphezulu sokugunda. Lesi sici senza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kube kuncane ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwepayipi elizinzile, uma nje amazinga okugunda okusebenza ehambisana kahle nezici zokungcola.
- Umklamo we-Reactor:Ekususeni i-sulfurization kanye ne-dephosphorization, i-rheology engeyona i-Newtonian ithinta ukuxubana kwe-reactor, ukudluliselwa kwesisindo, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesikhathi sokuhlala. I-viscosity ebonakalayo kanye nokucindezeleka kwesivuno kulawula kokubili amandla okuxuba adingekayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusabela kwamakhemikhali okuqinile-okuwuketshezi ku-reactor.
Imiphumela ewusizo incike ekuchazeni okunembile kwe-rheological. Amathuluzi afana ne-rheometry ejikelezayo, ama-viscometer ajikelezayo, namamodeli e-CFD athuthukile asetshenziselwa ukwakha amamodeli okugeleza anembile. Ukuhlolwa kwepayipi lelebhu nelezimboni eziningi kuqinisekisa ukuziphatha, kuqondise izindlela zokusebenza zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuguguleka komshini. Izixazululo zokulinganisa zesikhathi sangempela, njengemitha ye-viscosity eku-inthanethi kanye nokulinganisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, zisekela amasu okulawula aguqukayo—okusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nokulungiswa kwe-slurry kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuthuthwa kwe-slurry kumapayipi ezimboni.
Ngamafuphi, izici ze-phosphate slurry—ikakhulukazi lezo ezilawulwa ngokusebenzisana kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, ukuhlushwa, izithasiselo, kanye nesigaba soketshezi—zichaza kokubili ukusebenza kokuthutha kanye nokuphila kwenqubo. Ukulawula izinhlayiya ezimisiwe ku-slurry, ukuqapha ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nokuphatha ukuhlushwa kwezinto eziqinile kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwepayipi, ukuvimbela ukuzinza, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuthuthwa kwe-slurry kwezinqubo zokuzuza i-phosphate yezimboni.
Ukususa i-sulfurization kanye ne-Dephosphorization nge-Phosphate Slurry
Izimiso Zenqubo
Ukususwa kwesibabulekanye nezinqubo zokususa i-phosphorus ezisebenzisa i-phosphate slurry zisebenza ngezimiso zokusabela kokumuncwa kwesigaba segesi-uketshezi-okuqinile kuma-reactor amanzi.I-Sulphur dioxide (SO₂)Ku-flue yezimboni, igesi iqala ukuncibilika ibe yisigaba soketshezi se-phosphate slurry. Lapho, isabela ngokushesha ngama-ion e-phosphate namanzi, yakha i-phosphoric acid kanye nemikhiqizo eqinile, kuyilapho futhi ivumela ukubuyiselwa kwe-phosphorus. Izindlela zokumunca zibonakala ngokuguqulwa okuhamba kancane: i-gas-phase SO₂ iyasakazeka ezindaweni zamaconsi, ingena ku-slurry, bese ihlukaniswa ngamakhemikhali. Ukudonswa kwe-magnesium kusuka ku-slurry kungenzeka, kuye ngendawo ethile yamakhemikhali kanye namazinga okudluliselwa kwesisindo. Ukulawula okuyinhloko izinga lokumunca kwenziwa ukumelana nefilimu yegesi endaweni ehlanganayo, okwenza ukuxokozela nokuxubana kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle okukhulu.
Ukuxhumana kwezinqubo ezibonakalayo ngaphakathi kwe-reactor kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni inqubo. Amaconsi e-slurry alengiswe emsinga wegesi akhulisa indawo yokuxhumana kwe-SO₂ kanye nokumuncwa, kanye namazinga okudlulisa isisindo segesi-uketshezi alawulwa usayizi wamaconsi, ijubane lokushelela, amazinga okuphazamiseka, kanye nokushisa. Ukudluliselwa kwesisindo okuphumelelayo kuncike kokubili ekusakazweni ngokomzimba kwamaconsi kanye ne-kinetics yokusabela kwawo ne-SO₂. Ukusebenzisana kwe-droplet-gas okuthuthukisiwe akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukususwa kwe-SO₂ kodwa futhi kusekela ukubuyiselwa kwe-phosphate okusebenzayo, okubalulekile ekulawulweni kokungcola okuhlanganisiwe kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezinsiza.
Izici Ezithinta Ukusebenza Kahle Kokusabela
I-geometry ye-reactor iyisici esiyinhloko sokusebenza kahle kokumuncwa. Imininingwane efana ne-angle yokungena kanye nobubanzi ilawula ukuthi igesi kanye ne-slurry kungena kanjani futhi kuhlangana kanjani ngaphakathi kwe-reactor. Isibonelo, ama-engeli amancane okungena kanye nobubanzi bukhuthaza i-turbulence ephezulu kanye nokusabalala okungcono kwamaconsi, okwandisa ukudluliselwa kwesisindo kanye nokwandisa ukubanjwa kwe-SO₂. Ama-diameter amakhulu avame ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle ngokunciphisa i-turbulence kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuxhumana phakathi kwamaconsi egesi kanye ne-slurry. Ngokuphambene nokuqonda, ukwengeza ama-baffle angaphakathi kunomthelela olinganiselwe emazingeni okususa i-sulfurization uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphumela ebalulekile yokwakheka kwe-inlet kanye ne-geometry iyonke.
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-phosphate slurry ngokwayo—ikakhulukazi i-viscosity, i-density, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya—zithinta kakhulu i-reaction dynamics. I-slurry viscosity ephezulu inciphisa ukunyakaza kwamaconsi, okuvimbela kokubili ukuxubana kanye nenqubo yokumunca. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-viscosity ephansi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokugeleza kodwa ingandisa ukuhlala kwezinhlayiya kanye nengozi yokukhula kwendawo. Ukwehluka kobuningi kuthinta ukuqina kokumiswa kwamaconsi kanye nokuthambekela kokuhlala; ama-slurry anamaphrofayili obuningi afanele anikeza ukumelana okungcono kokuhlala, agcina ukuxhumana okuhle kokumunca.
Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya nakho kunomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kokumunca. Izinhlayiya ezincane zinikeza indawo enkulu ebusweni, zikhulisa ukudluliselwa kwesisindo se-SO₂, kuyilapho izinhlayiya eziqinile noma ezingasatshalaliswanga kahle zikhuthaza ukuqina okusheshayo, ukukala kwendawo, kanye nokuvaleka. Ukumiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlayiya kubalulekile ukugwema izinkinga ezinjalo. Ukulinganisa nokulawula lezi zakhiwo—ukusebenzisaamamitha e-viscosity e-slurry aku-inthanethi, amamitha okuminyana koketshezi aku-inthanethi, kanye namadivayisi avela kubakhiqizi abakhethekile bemitha yobuningi ku-inthanethi—kuyimikhuba ejwayelekile yezitshalo zanamuhla.
Ukumiswa okuphumelelayo kanye nokuhlakazeka kwezinhlayiya eziqinile ngaphakathi kwe-slurry kuvimbela ukuthambekela kokukala kwendawo kanye nokungcola kwe-reactor. Ukugcina i-turbulence eyanele ukugcina izinhlayiya zimile, ngenkathi kuqapha futhi kulungisa i-viscosity, kusiza ukuvimbela ukufakwa kwezinto eziqinile ngaphakathi kwe-reactor nasemapayipini. Ubuchwepheshe obufana namamitha e-inthanethi e-Lonnmeter buwusizo ekulinganisweni kwe-viscosity kanye nobuningi besikhathi sangempela, okuvumela ukuphathwa okusebenzayo kwezakhiwo ze-slurry kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwe-desulfurization kanye nokusebenza kwe-dephosphorization.
Ukunciphisa Izingozi Zokukhula Nokuvinjelwa
Ukuvimbela ukukala kanye nokuvaleka kwe-phosphate slurry reactors kuncike kokubili ezimweni ezinhle kakhulu ze-slurry kanye nomklamo we-reactor oklanywe ngokucophelela. Ukusebenza nge-viscosity elawulwayo kanye nokugcina ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya okulungile kunciphisa amathuba okuhlala kwezinhlayiya futhi kwenza kube lula ukumiswa okufanayo. Ama-geometri e-reactor aklanyelwe i-turbulence ephezulu—ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokungena zegesi kanye ne-slurry—akhuthaza ukusabalala okuqhubekayo kwezinhlayiya, okuvimbela izindawo zokugeleza okuphansi lapho ukuhlangana kanye nokwakheka kwezinga kungase kwenzeke khona.
Amasu asebenzayo atholakala ezifundweni zakamuva zezimboni kanye nocwaningo lokulingisa abonisa ukuthi ukulungisa ama-inlets e-reactor ukuze kube nokuxokozela okuqinile, okufanayo kanye nokusebenzisa ukugxila kwe-slurry ngaphakathi kwamafasitela anconywayo kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokukhulisa. Ukugwema amazinga aphezulu e-viscosity nokuvimbela imithwalo eqinile ngokweqile kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukuvalwa kwamapayipi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuthuthwa kwe-slurry. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa imijikelezo ye-slurry ebandayo kungathuthukisa ukubanjwa kwezinhlayiya ezincane, kunciphise ukungcola ngokukhulisa ukugcwala komoya kanye nokukhuthaza ukususwa kwezinhlayiya ze-submicrometer.
Ukulawulwa kokulinganisa kusekelwa kakhulu ngamasu amakhemikhali: ukukala okunembile kwama-antiscalants—ikakhulukazi amafomula aqondiswe ezinhlelweni ze-high-phosphate—kunciphisa ukufakwa kwesikali se-calcium phosphate ngaphandle kokudinga ukukala okunamandla kwe-acid noma ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwesistimu. Ukukhetha nokulungiswa kwala ma-ejenti kuncike ekuqaphelweni kwe-inthanethi kwamanzi kanye ne-slurry chemistry, okuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo esikalini ezimweni zokusebenza zangempela.
Ukwenza ngcono lezi zilawuli zomzimba nezamakhemikhali kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuthuthwa kwamapayipi, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokugeleza kodaka emapayipini, futhi kusekela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwe-reactor yesikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokusebenza okubangelwa ukuvaleka nokulungiswa. Ukulinganisa okunembile kwe-slurry viscosity, ubuningi, kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya ezimisiwe—okusekelwa amamitha aku-inthanethi asezingeni eliphezulu—kuyisisekelo ekufinyeleleni le miphumela kanye nokugcina izinqubo zokususa i-sulfurization kanye ne-dephosphorization ezikhiqiza kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphatha i-phosphate slurry.
Ukwandisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuhamba Kwepayipi Kwe-Phosphate Slurry
Ukuguquguquka Kokugeleza Kokuthutha Kwepayipi
Ukusebenza kahle kokuthuthwa kwe-phosphate slurry kuncike ezintweni ezine eziyinhloko: ijubane, i-viscosity, ubuningi, kanye nezici zezinhlayiya ezilengayo. Ijubane le-slurry linquma ngqo ingozi yokuminyana—ijubane eliphakeme ligcina izinto eziqinile zilenga futhi linciphisa izingozi zokuvaleka, kodwa futhi landisa izidingo zamandla kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Kukhona umkhawulo wejubane obalulekile ngaphansi kwawo izinhlayiya ziqala ukuhlala, okusongela ukugeleza okusebenzayo kanye nempilo yamapayipi.
Ukuqina, okuhlobene kakhulu nokuhlushwa koketshezi kanye nokushisa, kuthonya ukuthi uketshezi luziphatha njenge-plug noma lulandela ukugeleza okuguquguqukayo. Ama-slurries e-phosphate avame ukubonisa izakhiwo zepulasitiki ezingezona eze-Newtonian, i-pseudoplastic, noma i-Bingham, kanye ne-viscosity ekhuphuka njengoba okuqukethwe okuqinile kukhuphuka. Ukulinganiswa okunembile kwe-slurry viscosity kusetshenziswa amamitha e-viscosity aku-inthanethi noma izinhlelo ezinikezelwe emgqeni, njengemitha ye-viscosity eku-inthanethi engcono kakhulu ye-slurry, kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuthuthwa okuzinzile nokulindela ukulungiswa kokusebenza.
Ubuningi bodaka, umsebenzi wokuhlushwa kwezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe, kuguqula ukwehla kwengcindezi epayipini, kuthinte kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuzinza kwezokuthutha. Ukuguquguquka kobuningi, uma kungaqashelwa, kungabangela ukushintsha kwesimiso sokugeleza futhi kwandise ingozi yokufakwa. Amamitha obuningi boketshezi aku-inthanethi, kufaka phakathi lawo abakhiqizi abaphambili bamamitha obuningi aku-inthanethi, ahlinzeka ngemininingwane yobuningi besikhathi sangempela, okusiza ukugcina ibhalansi yesistimu.
Usayizi wezinhlayiya ezilengayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu noma ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezibanzi kuphakamisa ingozi yokuzinza, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezinejubane eliphansi noma izinguquko zobubanzi bepayipi. Izinhlelo zokulinganisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ezilengayo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kuhlala ngaphakathi kwebanga lokusebenza eliphephile, kusekela ukulawula okuphumelelayo kwezinhlayiya ezilengayo ku-slurry kanye nokunciphisa izingozi zokubekwa.
Amapharamitha okuklama iphayiphi—ububanzi, ubulukhuni bangaphakathi, kanye nomzila jikelele—athinta ukuzinza kokugeleza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha. Ukwandisa ububanzi bephayiphi kunciphisa ijubane ngesivinini esithile sokugeleza, kwandisa ingozi yokuzinza ngaphandle kokuthi kunxeshezelwe ngesivinini esiphezulu sokupompa. Ubulukhuni bangaphakathi obukhulu noma ukugoba okubukhali kukhuthaza ukuphazamiseka, okungasiza ekumisweni kabusha endaweni kodwa futhi kungakhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-eddy kanye nokuhlala endaweni, kukhuphule isidingo samandla nezidingo zokugcinwa.
Ukuvimbela Ukuhlaliswa Kwamadaka Nokuvinjelwa Kwepayipi
Ukuhlaliswa kodaka kanye nokuvaleka kwamapayipi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi lapho ijubane loketshezi lehla ngaphansi komkhawulo wokumiswa kwezinto eziqinile ezibalulekile. Lokhu kuphumela ekuhlalisweni kwamandla adonsela phansi kwezinto eziqinile phansi kwepayipi, kwakheka imibhede emile noma ama-slugs avimba noma avimbele ukugeleza. Ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya—lapho izinto eziqinile ezincane zihlangana khona ngenxa yokusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic noma kwamakhemikhali—kungasheshisa ukuhlaliswa, ikakhulukazi lapho kunezithasiselo zamakhemikhali noma okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-dolomite.
Izindlela zokuhlanganisa kanye nokuxazulula azithonywa nje yijubane, kodwa futhi nangosayizi wezinhlayiya, ukuma, kanye nobuningi. Izinhlayiya ezigcwele ubumba noma ezincane zisengozini enkulu yokuqongelela “okufana nejeli”, kanti izinhlayiya ezinezinhlayiya ezixubile noma ezinkulu zingase zihlale ngokungalingani, zakhe imigqa eceleni kwepayipi. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwendawo nakho kungandisa ukuthambekela kokungcola, kukhuthaze ukuxhuma, ikakhulukazi ekugobeni kwamapayipi noma amavalvu.
Ukuhlaziywa kokuzwela kwakamuva kusetshenziswa i-generalized polynomial chaos kubonisa ukuthi ijubane kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya yizona zinto eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuhlala kanye nokusebenza kwezokuthutha. Lezi zici kufanele ziqashwe njalo futhi zilawulwe ngokuguquguqukayo ukuze kusebenze kahle iphayiphi. Amathuluzi angaphakathi—njengamamitha e-viscosity aku-inthanethi kanye nabahlaziyi bosayizi wezinhlayiya ezingaphakathi—anikeza idatha esebenzisekayo yokulungiswa kokusebenza, njengokwandisa isivinini sephampu noma ama-dosing dispersant agents lapho kutholwa izitayela ezimbi.
Kuthuthukiswe izinto ezintsha ezihlanganisa ukugqoka amapayipi okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukunamathelana nokunciphisa imingcele lapho izinhlayiya zingahlala khona, okuqinisa amasu okuvimbela ukuvaleka kwamapayipi. Ukuhlelwa kwamapayipi kanye namashejuli okusebenza kumele futhi kubhekele izikhathi zokugeleza okuncishisiwe, njengoba ngisho nezikhawu ezimfushane ezingaphansi kwemingcele yejubane elibalulekile zingaqala ukwakheka kombhede okusheshayo.
Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Ikhompyutha Nokuhlaziya Zokuthuthukisa Ukugeleza
Ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwe-phosphate slurry kudinga ukuqonda okunembile kanye nokuphathwa kwamapharamitha amaningi, ancikene ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela ezingaqinisekile. Ukuhlaziywa kokuzwela komhlaba wonke (i-GSA) kusetshenziswa ukwanda kwe-polynomial chaos (i-PCE) kuvele njengendlela ehamba phambili yokulinganisa ukuthi ukungaqiniseki eziguqukweni zokufaka—njenge-ore mineralogy, usayizi wezinhlayiya, noma izakhiwo ze-slurry zesizini—kuthinta kanjani izilinganiso zokuthutha ezibalulekile njengokwehla kwengcindezi, ijubane, kanye nengozi yokuzinza.
I-GSA yembula ukuthi, kuzo zonke izinhlobo eziningi ze-phosphate slurry compositions kanye nokuhlelwa kwenqubo, ijubane kanye nokuguquguquka kosayizi wezinhlayiya kunethonya elikhulu; ngakho-ke, ukugxila kokusebenza kufanele kubeke phambili ukuhlolwa nokulawula kwabo. Ubuningi kanye ne-viscosity kusalokhu kubalulekile ekubalweni kwemingcele, kusiza abaqhubi ukuthi bamise amafasitela okusebenza ukuze kugeleze ngokuphephile nangokuphumelelayo.
Ukumodela kwekhompyutha, ikakhulukazi ngokubola kwe-orthogonal efanele kanye nokumodela kwe-surrogate okusekelwe ku-PCE, kwenza kube lula ukulingisa isimo kanye nokwenza ngcono. Lawa mamodeli e-deduction-order aphinda izici ezibalulekile zokulingisa kwe-CFD okunesinqumo esiphezulu ngokushintsha okufushane, okusekela ukwenza izinqumo okusheshayo zokuguqulwa kwenqubo kanye nomklamo wamapayipi.
Lezi zindlela zokuhlaziya ziqinisekiswa ngokuqhathanisa nedatha yangempela: izilinganiso ezisekelwe endaweni zesilinganiso sokugeleza, ukulahlekelwa ikhanda, kanye nemicimbi yokubeka izinto zihlanganiswe emijikelezweni yokulinganisa imodeli kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Ngokuhlanganisa izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe (njenge-Lonnmeter online viscosity kanye ne-density analyzers) ngemodeli enamandla, opharetha bangasebenzisa amasu okwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwe-slurry asabela ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo ebangeni le-ore, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nezimo zemvelo.
Amasu Okulinganisa Nokuqapha Okuthuthukisiwe
Ukubaluleka Kokuqapha Impahla Ye-Slurry Yesikhathi Sangempela
Kunembile,ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kobuningifuthiukujiyakuyisisekelo sokuthuthwa kwe-phosphate slurry okuphumelelayo kanye nokususwa kwe-sulfurization kanye ne-dephosphorization. Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwenza ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwamapharamitha enqubo ngokuphendula ezicini ze-slurry ezishintshayo. Lokhu kulawulwa kwenqubo okusebenzayo kunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe esibangelwa ukuhlala phansi kanye nokuvaleka kwamapayipi—izinkinga ezivamile kumapayipi e-phosphate slurry.
Idatha eqhubekayo mayelana nobuningi be-slurry kanye ne-viscosity isiza abaqhubi ukuthi babone ngokushesha ukuphambuka okubonisa ingozi eyengeziwe yokuzinza kwezinhlayiya noma ukuvaleka. Isibonelo, uma kutholwa ukwanda kwe-viscosity noma i-density, amazinga okugeleza angalungiswa, noma kulinganiswe amakhemikhali ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuthuthwa kwepayipi okusebenzayo. Ukuqapha njalo kusekela namasu okuvimbela ukuhlaliswa kwe-slurry, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi bangenelele ngaphambi kokuba izinto eziqinile ziqale ukuqongelela futhi zakhe amadiphozithi.
Ukugcina i-slurry viscosity efanele kanye nokumiswa kwezinhlayiya kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungasebenzi kahle kokugeleza. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ku-inthanethi kuholela ngqo ekuthuthukisweni kokugeleza kwamapayipi, ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha okuphezulu, kanye nezindleko zokulungisa ezincishisiwe.
Amamitha Obuningi Boketshezi Ku-inthanethi kanye Namamitha Okugoba
Izimiso Zokusebenza Zamamitha Obuningi Boketshezi Ku-inthanethi
Amamitha okuminyana koketshezi ku-inthanethi, njenge ithubhu elidlidlizayo lamamitha e-Coriolis, ziyindinganiso yemboni yokulinganisa ubuningi obuqhubekayo kumapayipi e-slurry. Lawa madivayisi asebenza ngokudlulisa i-slurry ngepayipi elidlidlizayo; izinguquko esigabeni sokudlidliza noma imvamisa, ezibangelwa ukugeleza kobuningi be-slurry, ziyatholwa futhi zicutshungulwe ukuze ziveze ukufundwa kobuningi besikhathi sangempela. Amamitha anamuhla asebenzisa i-electromagnetic actuation noma i-piezo excitation ukuze asekele ukugeleza kwepayipi.
Amaphuzu abalulekile okufakwa afaka phakathi izikhundla eziqondile ngaphakathi kwemigqa emikhulu yokuthutha udaka kanye nama-valve noma ama-gons abalulekile—izindawo ezisengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka kokuhlaliswa noma kokugeleza. Ukuze kusebenze kahle, izinzwa kumele zicwiliswe ngokuphelele ekugelezeni futhi ziqondiswe ekuhloleni izindawo zodaka ezixubile kahle, kuncishiswe amaphutha avela ekusakazweni kwezinhlayiya ezingafani.
Imingcele ebalulekile yokukhetha imitha ifaka:
- Izilinganiso zokushisa nokucindezela,
- Ukumelana nokuguguleka kwezingxenye ezimanzi,
- Amandla okusingatha ukugxila okuphezulu kwezinto eziqinile,
- Ukuthambekela okuncane kokungcola noma ukumbozwa yizinhlayiya ezilengayo.
Izici kanye Nezindlela Zokukhetha Amamitha Okuqina Oku-inthanethi Aqinile
Ukuqina kubalulekile kwinsizakalo ye-phosphate slurry. Khetha amamodeli, njenge-Lonnmeter, afaka amashubhu ezinzwa angagugi, ukwakhiwa okuqinisiwe, kanye nokucubungula isignali okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kulungiswe ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya eziguquguqukayo. Bheka imiklamo yezingxenye ezingashukumi ukuze unciphise ukuguguleka, kanye namakhanda ezinzwa akhiwe ngezinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali noma i-ceramics.
Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Izikhathi zokuphendula okusheshayo (kunconywa i-sub-second),
- Ukufinyelela okulula kokulinganisa,
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwedijithali nezinhlelo zezitshalo ze-SCADA noma ze-PLC,
- Ukungena kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela.
Amamitha akhethwayo angafakwa ngezindlela eziningi, anikeza ukwehla okuncane kwengcindezi, futhi abonisa ukumelana nokulinganisa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokulinganisa ezingezona ezenuzi njengemitha yobuningi be-ultrasonic noma ye-electromagnetic kuyathandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuphepha kokusebenza nokulawula.
Izidingo Zokulinganisa Ukuhlolwa Kokunamathela Kwe-Slurry Endizeni
Ukulinganiswa kwe-slurry viscosityngesikhathi sangempela kuyinselele ngenxa yemvelo engeyona i-Newtonian, engafani ye-phosphate slurries. Amamitha e-viscosity aku-inthanethi kumele amelane nezimo ezihudulayo futhi avimbele ukwakheka noma ukuvinjelwa. Ama-viscometer ajikelezayo noma adlidlizayo angaphakathi, afakwe ngqo epayipini, anikeza impendulo ebukhoma ngoshintsho lwe-viscosity njengoba izimo zokusebenza zishintsha.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi—lapho amasampula ekhishwa ngesandla futhi alinganiswa khona kuma-rheometer elabhorethri—amamitha e-viscosity aku-inthanethi anikeza ukuqapha okungaphazanyiswa futhi asekela ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo okuqhubekayo. Leli khono libalulekile ekulungiseni amazinga okugeleza, izithasiselo zamakhemikhali, kanye nokushukunyiswa komshini ukuze kulondolozwe ukuthuthwa kwe-slurry okulawulwayo nokunciphisa ukuvinjelwa.
Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokulinganisa i-slurry viscosity zidinga:
- Izinto zenzwa ezingagugi kakhulu,
- Ukwakhiwa okugwema izindawo ezifile noma amakamelo okuhlala,
- Izinqubo zokulinganisa ezibangela ukushintsha kokuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile kanye nezindlela zokugeleza.
Ukukhetha amamitha okulinganisa ubuningi kanye ne-viscosity afanele ku-inthanethi—kanye nomkhiqizi ofanele—kuthinta ngqo ikhono lokulawula izici ze-phosphate slurry, ukunciphisa ukuvaleka kwamapayipi, ukusekela ukwenziwa ngcono kokuthutha i-slurry, kanye nokuletha ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yamapayipi.
Ukumbiwa kwe-Phosphate
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Amasu Okuthuthukisa Inqubo Yokuphathwa Kwe-Slurry
Ukuhlanganisa Idatha Yokulinganisa Ekulawuleni Inqubo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yokulinganisa ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono izinhlelo zokuphatha udaka.Amamitha okuminyana aku-inthanethifuthiamamitha e-viscosity aku-inthanethi—njengalezo ezinikezwa yiLonnmeter—zinikeza ukufundwa okungaphazanyiswa, okuvame kakhulu kobuningi be-slurry, i-viscosity, kanye ne-particle dynamics ngqo ezinhlelweni zamapayipi. Ngokufaka lezi zinzwa emigqeni yenqubo, izikhungo zigcina ukwakheka kwe-slurry okuhle kakhulu futhi zisabela ekushintsheni ngokushesha.
Ama-loop empendulo azenzakalelayo axhuma lawa mamitha aku-inthanethi nezinhlelo zokulawula izinqubo. Uma kutholakala ukuphambuka—isibonelo, ukwanda kwe-slurry viscosity noma ukwehla kobuningi okubonisa ukuncishiswa ngokweqile—i-loop yempendulo ibangela ngokuzenzakalelayo izenzo zokulungisa. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukulungisa amanzi noma ukudla okuqinile, ukwandisa ukushukuma, noma ukushintsha umthamo wamakhemikhali. Le ndlela inciphisa ukuthembela ekuthathweni kwesampula ngesandla kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile, okuvame ukuphuthelwa ukushintshashintsha kwenqubo okusheshayo.
Amamitha aku-inthanethi avimbela ukuvaleka kwamapayipi kanye nengozi yokufakwa kwawo ngokuvumela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ukugcina ijubane elincane lokudaka kubalulekile; izinzwa zingabonisa amaphampu ukuze kwandiswe ukugeleza uma ijubane liwela ngaphansi kwemingcele ebeka engcupheni yokuxazulula. Amamodeli ekhompyutha aqinisekisiwe ekuthuthweni kwe-phosphate slurry enkulu abonisa ukuthi impendulo yesikhathi sangempela esekelwe kumapharamitha alinganisiwe, njengosayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nejubane lokudaka, yenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi ivimbele ukuvaleka. Lokhu kulawula okuqhutshwa idatha kunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto, kuvimbela ukuvalwa kwamapayipi, futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokusebenzisa amandla amaningi njengezindawo zokucubungula i-phosphate kanye namapayipi okuthutha amaminerali.
Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokulungiselela Nokuphatha Udaka
Ukulawulwa kokuhlushwa kwe-slurry, ukuhlakazeka kwezinhlayiya, kanye nokuqina kokumiswa kuqala esigabeni sokulungiselela. Ukuze kugcinwe ukulingana nokuvimbela ukuqina ngaphambi kwesikhathi, imikhuba emihle embonini ihlanganisa:
- Ukulinganisa okunembile nokuhlakazeka kwezinto eziqinile kusetshenziswa iziphakeli zevolumu noma ze-gravimetric kuhlanganiswe nokuxuba kokuqala okune-high-shear.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlakaza zamakhemikhali noma ama-anti-settlement agents. Iziqinisi ze-polymer ezifakwe ku-nano-grafted, njenge-acrylamide-SiO₂ copolymers, zinikeza ukumiswa kwezinhlayiya okuthuthukisiwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nobude besikhathi sokusebenza obude.
Ukushukuma okuqhubekayo kubalulekile—amathangi aqondile anama-impeller okugeleza kwe-axial, asekelwa ama-baffle angaphakathi, aqinisekisa ukuxubana okuphelele futhi anciphise izindawo ezifile lapho izinhlayiya zingahlala khona. Ijubane lokushukuma kanye nosayizi we-impeller kukhethwa ukuze kuhambisane nokubonakala kwe-slurry kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya; ukushukuma ngokweqile kuyingozi yokushisa ngokweqile, ngakho-ke izinhlelo zivame ukusebenzisa ukuxubana okuthambile ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokubamba.
Izinhlelo zezimboni zokulwa nokuhlaliswa zingase zengeze ukushukuma komshini ngezihibe zokujikeleza kwegazi noma amashejuli okuphindaphinda angahlelwa. Ukuze kube nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside, izikhungo zingase zihlanganise ukuzinza kwe-steric noma kwe-electrostatic, kusetshenziswa ama-polymer noma ama-surfactant ukudala izithiyo ezizungeze izinhlayiya. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuhlangana futhi kuthuthukise izici zokugeleza, kuphakamisa ukusebenza kahle kokuthuthwa kwepayipi kanye nokuvumelana komkhiqizo oqediwe.
Ukulinganiswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezilengisiwe ngamadivayisi aku-inthanethi kuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya—okuyisihluthulelo ekulawuleni ukujiya, ukuguguleka, kanye nengozi yokuhlaliswa. Ukufundwa kwe-inthanethi kuqondisa ukulungiswa kwengxube ukuze kulondolozwe izinhlayiya ezilengisiwe zisebenza, kuvinjelwe kokubili ukuhlaliswa okuncane kanye nokuvinjelwa kwamapayipi.
Isibonelo: Ekuthuthweni kwe-phosphate slurry, ukuhlanganiswa kokushukunyiswa okuqhubekayo, izithasiselo zamakhemikhali eziqondiwe, kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kuye kunciphisa kakhulu imicimbi yokuhlala kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamandla epayipi, kuyilapho kuqinisekiswa izici ze-slurry ezifiselekayo kusukela esitshalweni kuya endaweni yokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ukunaka lawa maqhinga—ukuhlanganisa ukulinganisa kwesikhathi sangempela, impendulo ezenzakalelayo, ukushukunyiswa okunembile, kanye nokuzinza—kuthuthukisa ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokugeleza kodaka, kunciphisa izinselele zokuthutha udaka lwezimboni, kanye nokuvikela ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo.
Isiphetho
Ukuphathwa kahle kwe-phosphate slurry kubalulekile empumelelweni yezinqubo ze-desulfurization kanye ne-dephosphorization kanye nokuthuthwa kwepayipi okuphumelelayo. Ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezakhiwo zomzimba ze-slurry—njengokuthambekela, ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, kanye nokuziphatha kwe-rheological—kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo kusho ukuthi ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane kungathinta kakhulu amazinga okususwa kokungcola kanye nokugeleza kwezinto. Isibonelo, ukuthambekela okuphezulu kwe-slurry ngenxa yobukhulu bezinhlayiyana ezincane noma ukugcwala okwandisiwe kwezinto eziqinile kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-SO₂ noma ukukhishwa kwe-phosphorus ngokuvimbela ukusebenzisana kwe-reagent kanye nokudluliselwa kwesisindo, kuyilapho futhi kuphakamisa amathuba okuvaleka kwepayipi nezinkinga zokuxazulula.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Iyini indima yobukhulu bezinhlayiya ekuthuthweni kwe-phosphate slurry?
Usayizi wezinhlayiya uwukulawula okuyinhloko kwezici ze-phosphate slurry ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwepayipi. Izinhlayiya ezincane zisiza ukudala ukumiswa okuzinzile, ukunciphisa ingozi yokuhlala kanye nokusekela ukugeleza okuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinhlayiya ziba zincane, i-slurry viscosity iyanda; lokhu kungabangela izidingo zamandla aphezulu zokupompa kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuvinjelwa.
Izinhlayiya ezinkulu ngokuvamile ziholela ekuzinzeni okusheshayo kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokungqubuzana, okuphakamisa amathuba okuvaleka kwamapayipi kanye nokuguguleka ngokweqile. Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya okwenziwa kahle (i-PSD)—okuvame ukufezwa ngokuxuba izingxenyana ezincane nezinkulu—kushaya ibhalansi ngokunciphisa kokubili i-viscosity kanye nokucindezeleka kwesivuno. Lokhu kunciphisa izidingo zamandla epayipi kanye nengozi yokuvinjelwa, kuyilapho kusiza ukugcina izinto eziqinile zisekumisweni isikhathi eside, okuyisihluthulelo sokusebenza kahle kokugeleza kwe-slurry emapayipini kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuthuthwa kwe-slurry iyonke.
Ukulinganisa ngokucophelela nokulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya ezilengisiwe, ngokuvamile ngobuchwepheshe obuku-inthanethi noma obuku-inthanethi, kusekela ukusebenza okuhlala njalo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuthutha kwepayipi okuthembekile. Izifundo zokulingisa kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu kokubili kuqinisekisa: ukugcina i-PSD ngaphakathi kwamabanga okuqondiwe kuvimbela izinkinga zokusebenza futhi kugcina izindleko zilawuleka.
Amamitha obuningi boketshezi aku-inthanethi anikela kanjani ekusebenzeni kahle kwamapayipi?
Amamitha obuningi boketshezi aku-inthanethi, njengalawo athuthukiswe yiLonnmeter, ahlinzeka ngezilinganiso zobuningi eziqhubekayo ngqo endleleni. Lokhu kufundwa kwesikhathi sangempela kuvumela opharetha ukuthi balungise ngokushesha amazinga okugeleza, okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile, noma ukulinganisa amanzi ukuze balondoloze izimo ezifanele zokuthuthwa kwe-slurry.
Ukulungiswa ngesikhathi esifanele—okuqondiswa idatha enembile yobuningi—kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaliswa kwamapayipi, kusize ekufinyeleleni amazinga okuhlosiwe, futhi kuvimbele ukuguguleka okungadingekile noma ukuvinjelwa. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kusetshenziswa imitha yobuningi boketshezi eku-inthanethi ethembekile kuvumela ukulungiswa kahle kwenqubo, okunciphisa ukulungiswa okungahleliwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokugeleza kodaka emapayipini. Izinzwa ezingangenisi amanzi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenzisa izimiso ezisekelwe ku-ultrasonic noma ku-accelerometer, zinikeza ukusebenza okuqinile kwesikhathi eside ngisho nasezinhlelweni ze-phosphate slurry eziyinselele, ezihlukumezayo.
Yiziphi izici ezingaholela ekuvalekeni kwamapayipi ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwe-phosphate slurry?
Izinguquko eziningana zinegalelo ekuvalekeni kwamapayipi:
- Ukuthamba okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-slurry, okuvimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi.
- Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya okungalungile, okuholela ekuxazululeni ngokushesha kwezinhlayiya.
- Ijubane elanele, okuvumela izinto eziqinile ukuthi ziqoqeke futhi ziqine.
- Ukuxubana okunganele noma ukushukuma, okuvumela izinhlayiya ezixineneyo ukuthi ziphume ekumisweni.
Ukuze kuncishiswe noma kuvinjelwe ukuvaleka, ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kuhlanganiswe nokulawula okusheshayo kwejubane lokudaka, i-viscosity, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya kubalulekile. Amathuluzi namasu athuthukile—njengokusebenzisa imitha yobuningi boketshezi eku-inthanethi ukuze kuqondwe ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulungiswa kwenqubo okuzenzakalelayo—kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokugcinwa okuhambisana nokuvaleka.
Ukulinganiswa kwe-slurry viscosity kusiza kanjani ukuvimbela ukuhlaliswa?
Ukulinganiswa kwe-slurry viscosity okuzinzile kunikeza impendulo esheshayo ekuziphatheni kokugeleza kwe-slurry. I-viscosity ephezulu ingabonisa ukuthi izinto eziqinile ezigcwele ngokweqile noma ukuxubana okungaphansi kokufanele, kokubili okwandisa ingozi yokuxazulula inkinga. I-viscosity ephansi ingabonisa ukuncishiswa ngokweqile, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.
Amamitha e-viscosity aku-inthanethi angcono kakhulu e-slurry anikeza ukufundwa okuqhubekayo, okuqhutshwayo, ukuze opharetha bakwazi ukungenelela ngokushesha—ukulungisa umthwalo wezinto eziqinile, amazinga okuxuba, noma ukungezwa kwamanzi. Ukugcina i-viscosity efanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-slurry ihlala ikwazi ukumpompa futhi kunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi oluqinile. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuhlala phansi kanye nokufeza amaphethini okulawula usayizi wezinhlayiya ezimisiwe ahambisana nezinhloso zokusebenza.
Yini okufanele umuntu ayibheke kubakhiqizi bemitha yobuningi be-inthanethi yezicelo ze-phosphate slurry?
Ukuze kube nodaka lwe-phosphate, ukuthembeka kwemitha kanye nokuqina kubalulekile. Lapho kuhlolwa abakhiqizi bemitha yobuningi ku-inthanethi, kufanele kunikezwe kuqala:
- Izinzwa ezimelana nokuguguleka: I-phosphate slurry inamandla; amamitha kufanele amelane nokuchayeka okuqhubekayo.
- Ukwakhiwa okuqinile: Amathuluzi kumele aphathe izindawo eziqinile, ezigeleza kakhulu, futhi ezivame ukugqwala.
- Ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa: Izindlela ezingahlaseli, ezingezona ezenuzi (ezisekelwe ku-ultrasonic, ezisekelwe ku-accelerometer) ziyathandwa ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha nokugcinwa kwazo.
- Ukusekelwa okuqinisekisiwe: Ukulinganiswa okuthembekile kanye nosizo lobuchwepheshe olusheshayo kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho isikhathi sokuphumula sibiza khona.
- Irekhodi: Khetha abathengisi abanekhono elibonakalayo lokudaka okunolaka, njengeLonnmeter, egxile ezindaweni zezimboni ezifaka izinto eziqinile ezilengayo futhi inikeza ukwesekwa okubanzi kwezicelo zodaka.
Kungani i-desulfurization kanye ne-dephosphorization kubalulekile ekucubungulweni kwe-phosphate slurry?
Ukususa i-sulfurization kanye ne-dephosphorization kuyizinqubo ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokucubungula i-phosphate slurry. Kususa amakhemikhali e-sulfur kanye ne-phosphorus amaningi angalimaza ikhwalithi yokugcina yomkhiqizo noma adale izikweletu zemvelo.
Ukususwa kahle kwesibabule ne-phosphate kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ophumayo uhlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi zomanyolo noma ezinye izindlela zokusetshenziswa kwezimboni futhi kuhambisana nemithethonqubo yokuthobela imvelo. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukugqwala, ukungcola, kanye nomthelela wemvelo ovela emifuleni engcolile. Ukulawulwa kwalokhu kungcola kubalulekile kokubili ekuzinzeni kokusebenza kanye nokuvunyelwa komthetho ekuvunyweni kwe-phosphate kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-28-2025
