Ukuqapha ukuvutshelwa kanye nokulawula inqubo kusho ukudala indawo ephelele yokukhula kanye nokuvutshelwa kwamagciwane, bese kugcina ukusebenza kahle okuzinzile, isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo. Amapharamitha abalulekile njenge-pH, i-oxygen encibilikisiwe, izinga lokushisa, amazinga e-substrate, i-viscosity yizo zonke izici ezinquma ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle ezimbonini zemithi, lapho izidingo eziqinile zibekwa khona emgqeni wenqubo.
Izidingo Zokuvubela Umhluzi Ukuqiniswa Nokuqapha Ukuhlushwa
Kokubili ukuhlushwa kanye nokuthamba kusebenza njengesibonakaliso esiguquguqukayo sokukhula kwamagciwane, ukuminyana kwamangqamuzana, kanye nokwakheka komhluzi, okuthonya kakhulu izici ezibalulekile njengokudluliselwa kwesisindo, ukutholakala komoya-mpilo, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezakhamzimba. Ngaphandle kokuqapha ngokucophelela ukuvutshelwa kanye nokulawula inqubo, ukuguquguquka kokuhlushwa kanye nokuthamba kungaphazamisa ibhalansi ebucayi yendawo yokuvutshelwa, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo engaguquki, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle okubizayo.
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokubilisa ku-inthanethi kunikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela, okunika amandla opharetha ukwenza izinguquko ezisheshayo nezinembile kumapharamitha afana namazinga okuphakelwa kwezakhamzimba kanye namazinga omoya. Susa imiphumela emibi ebangelwa ukubambezeleka nokuthatha isikhathi ukusampula ngesandla.
Ukubuka konke kwenqubo yokuvutshelwa kwe-Penicillium
Ukubiliswa kwemithi kuyiphrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-microbiology kanye nobunjiniyela, lapho ama-microorganism akhuliswe ngokucophelela, njengebhaktheriya noma isikhunta, akhiqiza imikhiqizo ebalulekile ye-bio efana nama-antibiotic, imijovo, nama-enzyme.
Inqubo yokubilisa i-Penicillium iqala ngokulungiswa kwe-inoculum ematangini embewu. Bese ishintshela ekubiliseni okudliwe nge-feed-batch ezindaweni ezicebile ngezakhamzimba ngaphakathi kwama-fermentors amakhulu ethangi elijulile, kufaka phakathi imishini engezansi yokubuyisa nokuhlanza. Ukuhlushwa komhluzi wokubilisa kanye ne-viscosity kubhekwa njalo futhi kulawulwa kusetshenziswa izinzwa zenqubo eziqondile, abalawuli bangaphakathi bemodeli, kanye nezinhlelo ezenzakalelayo zokuthuthukisa isivuno nokuvimbela ukungcola.
Izakhiwo ze-Penicillium Chrysogenum ekuvuthweni kwe-Batch ukuze kukhiqizwe i-Penicillin
I-Penicillium chrysogenum, isikhunta esinefilament, iyi-microorganism ekhethwayo ekukhiqizweni kwe-penicillin ezimbonini. Indlela eziphatha ngayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokubilisa iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kanye nomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukuqonda izakhiwo zayo kubalulekile ekulawuleni inqubo okuphumelelayo.
Ngesikhathi sokubilisa, i-viscosity kanye nokuhlushwa kuhlobene kakhulu, futhi izinguquko kwenye zithinta ngqo enye. Lobu budlelwano buyisici esibalulekile sokulawula inqubo, njengoba buthinta yonke into kusukela ekukhuleni kwamagciwane kuya ekuvuneni komkhiqizo.
Izinguquko Zokubonakala
Ukuqina komhluzi wokubilisa kuyisilinganiso sokumelana kwawo nokugeleza. Akuhlali njalo futhi kuvame ukushintsha phakathi nomjikelezo wokubilisa ngenxa yezici eziningana:
Ukuhlushwa kwamagciwane kuyanda ngokukhula kwawo futhi kwande ekukhuleni kwe-biomass. Ukuba khona nje okubonakalayo kudala inethiwekhi yamaseli ehlanganisiwe, ehlanganisiwe, okuphakamisa kakhulu ukujiya komhluzi wokubilisa.
Ukubola kweseli kwenzeka ekupheleni kokubilisa. Ama-microbes angase aqhekeke uma amaseli ecindezelekile, akhiphe izingxenye zangaphakathi kweseli njenge-DNA namaprotheni. Lawa ma-molecule amakhulu angakhulisa kakhulu ukujiya komhluzi.
Izinguquko Zokugxilisa Umqondo
Ukuhlushwa kuyashintshashintsha njengoba amabhaktheriya ephindaphindeka njengoba ukuminyana kwamaseli kubangela umhluzi ogcwele kanye nokusebenzisana okuvamile phakathi kwamaseli. Yiqiniso, ukuhlushwa kokuqala kwama-substrate njengoshukela nezakhamzimba kunomthelela osobala ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo kwama-microbial.
Iphrotheni ekhishwayo kanye ne-polysaccharide kuyaqoqana ekuvuthweni okuqhubekayo, okufaka isandla ekwandeni kokuhlushwa kwezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe noma ezilengisiwe.
Umphumela Wobudlelwano
Ubuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kwe-viscosity kanye nokuhlushwa kunemiphumela emikhulu enqubweni yokubilisa. Ukwenyuka kwe-viscosity ngenxa yokuhlushwa okwandisiwe kungenza okulandelayo:
Ukuvimbela Ukudluliselwa Kwesisindo: Ukuchacha okuphezulu kwenza kube nzima ukudlulisa amagesi abalulekile njengomoya-mpilo ovela emabhamuzeni omoya uye emhluzweni, okunciphisa ikhono lamagciwane lokukhula.
Nciphisa Ukusebenza Kokuxuba: Umhluzi ojiyile udinga amandla engeziwe ukuze uxube kahle. Lokhu kungaholela ezindaweni ezimile lapho izakhamzimba ziphela khona futhi imfucuza iqoqana, okudala indawo engalingani ethinta kabi umkhiqizo.
Ukucubungula Okuphansi: Imihluzi eqine kakhulu kunzima ukuyihlunga, ukuyivula, nokuyihlanza ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa komkhiqizo, okwenza yonke inqubo ingasebenzi kahle futhi ibize kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha ukujiya kanye nokuhlushwa ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ekugcineni izimo ezifanele, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo, kanye nokukhulisa isivuno.
Izicelo Zokuqapha Ukuthambekela Okungaphakathi
Amandla okuguqula ukuqapha okuku-inthanethi enkambisweni yokubilisa abonakala kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwama-antibiotic, njenge-penicillin. Ukulandelela i-viscosity ngesikhathi sangempela kuvumela opharetha ukuthi balinganise ukukhula kwamagciwane kanye nokuvumelana komhluzi, okwenza kube nokulungiswa okunembile kwamasu okudla, umoya, kanye nokushukunyiswa.
Ubuchwepheshe bezinqubo ezizenzakalelayo busebenza njengesixwayiso ngaphambi kokuphazamiseka okungenzeka, ukungcola, ukwakheka kwegwebu ukuvimbela izingozi zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenza kube lula ukukhulisa kusukela elabhorethri kuya kuma-bioreactor ezimboni.
Izixazululo Zokulinganisa Ukuthambekela Okungaphakathi Kwe-Lonnmeter
Imisebenzi Eyinhloko kanye Nemininingwane Yobuchwepheshe
I-inline sanitary viscometer kanyeimitha yobuningi bemithizenzelwe ukuqapha ukubiliswa kanye nokulawula izinqubo ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi. Ukwakheka kwazo okukhethekile kwemishini kunciphisa amathuba okwakheka kwamagciwane, ukulungiswa njalo kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni sazo.
Lokhuamathuluzi okwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela asemgqeniihlinzeka ngezilinganiso ze-viscosity kanye nobuningi besikhathi sangempela, iqinisekisa izimo zomhluzi ezihambisanayo kuma-bioreactors. I-viscometer ye-inline sanitary inebanga le-viscosity eliyi-10–10000,000 cP. Ukubekezelela kwayo izinga lokushisa kufinyelela ku-350°C.
Njengoba zihlonyiswe ngezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe ezisekelwe ekudlidlizeni noma ekuphenduleni, lezi zinsimbi zinikeza ukufundwa okunembile ezimweni eziguquguqukayo futhi zihlangana kalula nezinhlelo ze-PLC ne-DCS zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, okwenza zibe zilungele inqubo yokubilisa ye-penicillin.
Izinzuzo Kunezindlela Zendabuko Zokungaxhunyiwe Ku-inthanethi
Amathuluzi okulinganisa i-viscosity e-Lonnmeter agqamile kunezindlela zendabuko ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi. Amathuluzi athuthukisiwe okwenza ngokuzenzakalela inqubo avumela ukulungiswa kwenqubo okusheshayo, asuse amaphutha okusampula.
Ukunemba kwabo ekuphatheni imihluzi engeyona eye-Newtonian kudlula amathuluzi angaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, avame ukunganaki ngoketshezi oluyinkimbinkimbi. Ukwakheka kwenhlanzeko kunciphisa izingozi zokungcola, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zemithi, kuyilapho ukuqoqwa kwedatha okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa amaphutha abantu, okuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokuqapha inqubo yokubilisa ku-inthanethi.
Izinzuzo Zokuzenzakalela Kwenqubo Yokuvubela
Izixazululo zeLonnmeter ziguqula ukuzenzekela ekuvuthweni okuqhubekayo kwe-penicillin, ziletha izinzuzo ezingenakuqhathaniswa. Ziqinisekisa ukujiya komhluzi wokuvutshelwa okuqhubekayo, okuholela ekukhiqizeni okufanayo kwe-penicillin kanye nobumsulwa obuphezulu.
Ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa imfucuza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi, okuqhuba ukonga okukhulu kwezindleko. Idatha yesikhathi sangempela ivumela ukulungiswa kahle kwamazinga okuphakelayo, umoya, kanye nokushukuma, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo.
Ukubaluleka okubalulekile kokuqapha i-inline viscosity ekuvuthweni kwemithi, ikakhulukazi enkambisweni yokuvutshelwa kwe-penicillin, akunakuphikiswa. Thuthukisa inqubo yakho yokuvutshelwa uye ezingeni elilandelayo—xhumana ne-Lonnmeter namuhla ukuze ucele ikhotheshini eyenzelwe wena yezixazululo zethu zokulinganisa i-viscosity ezithuthukisiwe futhi uvule ukunemba kokukhiqiza okungenakuqhathaniswa!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-14-2025
