Ukulinganiswa kobuningi be-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile enkambisweni yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene, okusekela ukukhiqizwa okulungiselelwe, ukuphepha, kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile. Ukuqapha okunembile kobuningi be-slurry kuqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili i-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu (i-HDPE) kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-polyethylene kukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwa ngokuqinile, okuthonya ngqo imigomo yokusebenza ebalulekile kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza.
Isingeniso Sezindlela Zokukhiqiza I-Polyethylene
I-Polyethylene, ikakhulukazi i-polyethylene enobuningi obukhulu (i-HDPE), ibalulekile kwingqalasizinda yesimanje, ukupakisha, izimoto, kanye nezimboni zokwakha. Isilinganiso sayo samandla aphezulu kuya kobuningi, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo kuholele ekwamukelweni kabanzi kwezicelo ezibalulekile, ngamapayipi e-HDPE, izitsha, namafilimu atholakala kukho konke kusukela ezinhlelweni zamanzi okuphuza kuya ekupakisheni kokudla.
I-HDPE ikhiqizwa kakhulu yimizila emithathu ye-polymerization yezimboni: inqubo ye-slurry, inqubo yesigaba segesi, kanye nenqubo yesisombululo. Ngayinye yakha izakhiwo zokugcina ze-polymer, ithinta ukuphepha kokusebenza, futhi inquma ukusebenza kwemvelo. Inqubo ye-slurry, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi inqubo yokumiswa, isebenzisa i-hydrocarbon solvent njengendlela lapho ama-ethylene monomers e-polymerize khona, yakha izinhlayiya ze-HDPE eziqinile ezimisiwe. Izinqubo zesigaba segesi zisebenza ngaphandle kwezinyibilikisi, zisebenzisa ama-reaktha ebhedini ancibilikisiwe ukuze zenze i-ethylene ibe yi-catalyst particles ezimisiwe endaweni yegesi. Izinqubo zesixazululo zincibilikisa i-polymer ku-hydrocarbon solvent emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, zikhiqize i-HDPE enephrofayili ethile yesakhiwo, yize le ndlela ibona ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile ngenxa yobunzima bokusebenza.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Polyethylene
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Phakathi kwalokhu, inqubo yokudonsa amanzi iyindlela ekhethwayo endaweni yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene, ikakhulukazi kuma-HDPE ajwayelekile nakhethekile njenge-PE80 ne-PE100 ekusetshenzisweni kwamapayipi. Le nqubo iyakwazi ukumelana nezimo, iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, futhi ivumela ukulawula okunembile kokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecular e-HDPE—okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okudinga amandla omshini kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka. Ukulula kwayo kokuhlukaniswa kwe-solvent kanye nekhono lokusingatha ububanzi obuhlukahlukene bama-HDPE grades kwenza kube yinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo enezindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile, njengepayipi eliqinile kanye nezitsha zezimboni ezicindezela kakhulu. I-polymerization ye-slurry eyenziwe kahle ibeke uphawu lokuthembeka, ukuhambisana okukhulu, kanye nokuguquguquka kokukhiqiza enkambisweni yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene yomhlaba wonke. Yingakho izinyathelo zokuqapha nokulawula ngokucophelela, okuhlanganisa ukulinganisa ubuningi be-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa amadivayisi afana ne-slurry density meter kanye ne-ultrasonic slurry density meter, kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ekukhiqizweni kwe-slurry process polyethylene.
Inqubo Yokudaka Kokukhiqizwa Kwe-Polyethylene
Inqubo yokudonsa amanzi iyinqubo eyisisekelo yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene, ikakhulukazi i-polyethylene enesisindo esikhulu (i-HDPE). Okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo yi-reactor ye-loop lapho i-ethylene i-polymerizes ekumisweni ngaphakathi kwe-hydrocarbon solvent, ngokuvamile i-isobutane noma i-hexane. I-ethylene monomer, ama-comonomers (uma esetshenziswa), kanye ne-catalyst kunikezwa njalo ku-reactor. Izinhlayiya ze-polymer zakha futhi zihlale zilenga, zidala i-slurry ende ejikeleza ngaphansi kwesenzo samaphampu e-reactor. Ukushukuma okuphumelelayo kubalulekile—ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto eziqinile zihlala zilenga futhi kwandisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-monomer ne-catalyst.
Kulesi simiso, izinyibilikisi ze-hydrocarbon zisebenza njengendawo yokusabela kunokuba zibe yizisabela zangempela. Zikhipha ukushisa, zisize ekuthuthweni kwezinhlayiya, futhi zisize ukuhlukanisa i-polymer ekhulayo ebusweni be-catalyst. Imiklamo ye-reactor ifaka ama-coil okupholisa angaphakathi kanye nokuhlelwa kwephampu okulungiselelwe ukuphatha imithwalo yokushisa exothermic nokunciphisa ingozi yokungcola, inselele evamile njengoba izinhlayiya ze-polymer zivuvukala futhi zihlangana ngesikhathi sokukhula. Izisabela ze-loop ezithuthukisiwe zifaka izinhlelo zephampu ezimbili kanye nemisebenzi ye-cyclic ukuphatha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ephampu nokunciphisa amathuba okuvinjelwa okubangelwa ukwanda kwe-viscosity noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya ze-polymer. Amamodeli okulingisa aveza ukuthi uma ukuvuvukala kungalawulwa, i-viscosity iyanda, ukugeleza kuyaphazamiseka, kanye nokungcola noma ngisho nokuvalwa kwe-reactor kungenzeka. Ukungenelela kokuklama, njengokulungisa ukubekwa kwephampu noma ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokugeleza kwe-cyclic, kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuthuthukisa ukuqhubeka kwenqubo nokuphepha.
I-Catalysis iyisisekelo sobuchwepheshe senqubo ye-slurry polyethylene. Amakilasi amabili ama-catalyst abusa: ama-catalyst e-Ziegler-Natta kanye nama-catalyst asekelwe ku-chromium (Phillips). Ama-catalyst e-Ziegler-Natta avame ukusebenzisa izisekelo ze-magnesium dichloride kanye nama-actives asekelwe ku-titanium, okunikeza ukulawula okunembile kokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecule e-HDPE, ubuningi, kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile. Izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe zivumela izakhiwo zama-molecule ze-bimodal: ingxenye enesisindo sama-molecule amaningi yamandla omshini kanye nengxenyana enesisindo sama-molecule aphansi ukuze kucutshungulwe. I-polymerization kinetics ingalungiswa ngokushintsha ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrogen, okulawula amazinga okuqedwa kweketanga, isivuno, kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya. Ngakho-ke ama-catalyst e-Ziegler-Natta avumela ukulungiswa ngokwezifiso kwezimfanelo ezibalulekile ze-HDPE, ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwesakhiwo njengezigaba zamapayipi ezidinga ukuqina okungavamile kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka.
Ama-catalyst e-Phillips (chromium oxide) asebenza ngendlela ehlukile, lapho ama-alkyl e-chromium esebenza njengezikhungo eziyinhloko ze-polymerization. Lawa ma-catalyst aqinile, ayasebenziseka kalula, futhi ayakwazi ukukhiqiza i-HDPE enobukhulu obuphakathi kuya kobukhulu kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, uhlu lwezakhiwo ze-polymer ezingafinyeleleka lulinganiselwe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ze-Ziegler-Natta, ezinokulawula okuncane okuqondile kokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecule. Izinguquko zenqubo—ikakhulukazi izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen—zisasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ububanzi bamamaki e-HDPE, yize kunezimo eziguquguqukayo ezahlukene zemishini.
Izimo zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-slurry reactor—izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, kanye nokushukuma—zibumba ngqo izici zezinhlayiya. Amazinga okushisa ajwayelekile aqala ku-85°C kuya ku-110°C, kuyilapho ingcindezi igcinwa phakathi kwamabha angu-5 kuya ku-40 ukuze kugcinwe i-solvent esigabeni soketshezi futhi kuqhutshwe ukuncibilika kwe-ethylene. Ukuqina kokushukuma kuthinta usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nokufana, kuvimbele ukuhlangana nokuhlangana. Ukulungisa kahle lezi zimo kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya ze-polymer, kuqinisekiswe ubuningi obuhambisanayo, isimo, kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba. Ukulawula amazinga e-hydrogen kulungisa ukusatshalaliswa kobude beketanga kanye nokuqina kwe-resin kanye nenkomba yokugeleza kokuncibilika. Izifundo zakamuva ezisebenzisa ukulingiswa kwama-molecular dynamics kanye nokuhlaziywa kokushisa ziqinisekisa izindima ezibalulekile zalezi zimingcele ekulungiseni isimo se-crystalline, ukuguqula izakhiwo ze-lamellar, futhi ngaleyo ndlela zilawule ukusebenza kwemishini.
Inqubo yodaka isalokhu iyinqubo ekhethwayo yokukhiqizwa kwe-HDPE enamandla aphezulu. Ayigcini nje ngokuvumela ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kodwa futhi nokulawula ikhwalithi eqinile ngokulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kwezinguquko zenqubo kanye nokwakheka kwe-catalyst. Amaphrofayili emishini angaklanywa ngokunembile, okwenza i-HDPE ephumayo ifaneleke kumapayipi okucindezela (PE80, PE100), amathangi kaphethiloli, kanye nezitsha ezibunjiwe. Ukuguquguquka okungokwemvelo kobuchwepheshe ekuhleleni ukwakheka kwama-molecule kukhuthaza amazinga ezinto ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zokulawula kanye nokusebenza. Kuhlanganiswe nentuthuko ekubumbeni inqubo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinsimbi zokulinganisa zesikhathi sangempela—njengamamitha obuningi bodaka angokwezifiso e-Lonnmeter—abakhiqizi bathola ikhwalithi ye-resin ehambisanayo kanye nokusebenza kahle, okubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kusukela ekufakweni kwamapayipi kamasipala kuya ekupakishweni kwabathengi.
Izifinyezo zezithombe zokulungiswa kwenqubo kwakamuva, ukusebenza kwe-catalyst, kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinguquko zenqubo kanye nezakhiwo ze-HDPE kushicilelwa kabanzi kumajenali abuyekezwa ontanga. Lezi zinsiza zigcizelela ukuqina kwenqubo ye-slurry, ukuguquguquka kwayo, kanye nekhono elimangalisayo lokukhiqiza amazinga e-HDPE ahola phambili embonini ngezinga elikhulu, okubonisa ukubuswa kwayo okuqhubekayo ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-polyethylene ezithuthukisiwe.
Indima Ebalulekile Yokulinganisa Ubuningi Be-Slurry Yesikhathi Sangempela Ezitshalweni Ze-Polyethylene
Ukulinganiswa kobuningi be-slurry kubalulekile ekulinganisweni ngokunembile kwe-monomer, i-catalyst, kanye ne-co-monomer streams kuyo yonke inqubo ye-slurry. Ukuguquguquka kobuningi kungabonisa ukuphambuka ekugxilweni kwezinto eziqinile, okuphazamisa i-polymerization kinetics futhi kuholele ekungazinzini kwenqubo. Ukugcina ubuningi obuqondiwe kuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwamazinga okugeleza kwe-monomer kanye nemithamo ye-catalyst, okuholela ekufaneni okuphezulu komkhiqizo kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Ubuningi be-slurry buthinta ukuphepha kwemishini kanye nokuqina kwenqubo. Ubuningi bezinto eziqinile buphakamisa i-slurry viscosity, kwandise imithwalo yepompo futhi kukhuphule ingozi yokungcola noma ukuvinjelwa kwe-reactor. Izinguquko zobuningi ezingalawulwa zingabangela izindawo ezishisayo, ukudluliselwa kokushisa okungalingani, futhi ekugcineni, izingozi zokusebenza. Ngokusebenzisa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kobuningi—ukusebenzisa amathuluzi angaphakathi njenge-ultrasonic slurry density metres eyenzelwe izindawo zezimboni njengalezo ezivela eLonnmeter—izitshalo zithola izexwayiso zakuqala ezivumela ukungenelela ngaphambi kokuba kuphulwe imingcele ebalulekile. Lokhu kuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwedatha yobuningi kanye nokuvikelwa kwenqubo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile, okungaphazanyiswa ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-polyethylene.
Ukulinganiswa kobuningi be-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela nakho kubumba ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ubuningi obuhambisanayo buqinisekisa ukulawulwa okunembile kwenkomba yokugeleza kokuncibilika, usayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nezinye izimfanelo ze-polymer ezibalulekile ekucacisweni kwamakhasimende. Ukulinganiswa komugqa kuthatha indawo yokusampula nokuhlola okunzima kakhulu, kuhlinzeka ngempendulo esheshayo yezigaba zokuxuba nokuqeda. Lokhu kusheshisa imijikelezo yokukhululwa, kunciphisa ukwenqatshwa, futhi kunciphisa imfucuza, konke okunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza zezikhungo ezikhiqiza i-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu kanye namabanga ahlobene. Ukuphambuka kobuningi be-slurry, lapho kubanjwa kusenesikhathi ngamamitha e-inline enziwe ngokwezifiso, kungalungiswa ngaphambi kokuthinta amaqoqo omkhiqizo wokugcina, kuvikele kokubili isivuno senqubo kanye nekhwalithi.
Ukunemba ekulinganiseni nasekulawuleni ubuningi be-slurry kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene manje sekufezwa ngezixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ezifana namamitha obuningi be-slurry e-ultrasonic. Lawa mathuluzi ayashesha, awahlaseli, futhi afanele izimo ezinzima nezibuhlungu ezitholakala ekukhiqizweni kwe-HDPE. Amamitha obuningi be-inline yesimanje—njengalawo athuthukiswe yi-Lonnmeter—anikeza idatha ethembekile, eqhubekayo ngaphandle kwemithombo ye-radioactive, enciphisa imithwalo yokulungisa futhi ehambisana nemigomo yezempilo nokuphepha.
Ukulawulwa kobuningi be-slurry okuphumelelayo akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kodwa futhi kuphakamisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo ze-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe eziqinile. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemfucuza namandla, kuzinzisa umkhiqizo, futhi kuthuthukisa inzuzo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Ukwamukelwa kwamasu okulinganisa ubuningi be-slurry asebenza ngesikhathi sangempela, angaphakathi kuyisici esinqumayo sokuncintisana kanye nokusimama kwezitshalo zokukhiqiza ze-polyethylene zanamuhla.
Ubuchwepheshe Bokulinganisa Ubuningi Be-Slurry: Ukuhlangabezana Nezidingo Zokukhiqiza I-Polyethylene Yanamuhla
Izitshalo zokukhiqiza i-polyethylene zithembele ekulinganisweni okunembile kobuningi be-slurry ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo nokugcina ukusebenza okusebenzayo nokuphephile. Kuvele izindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zokubhekana nezidingo ezihlukile zenqubo ye-slurry ku-polyethylene, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe bokuqapha ubuningi besikhathi sangempela.
Izindlela zokulinganisa ubuningi be-slurry ezivamile, njengokuthatha amasampula ngesandla kanye ne-nuclear densitometry, ziveza izinkinga ezinkulu. Ukuthatha amasampula ngesandla kunenkinga yokubambezeleka kwempendulo kanye nokuguquguquka ngenxa yokungenelela komqhubi; amasu enuzi abeka izingozi zempilo nokuphepha, adinga ukubhekwa okuqinile kokulawula, futhi awakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezisheshayo zenqubo. Le mikhawulo iqhuba ukwamukelwa kwezixazululo ezingangenisi, ezenzakalelayo eziletha idatha yesikhathi sangempela esebenzisekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezidingayo zokukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene enobuningi obukhulu.
Imitha Yobuningi Be-Slurry Ye-Ultrasonic: Intuthuko Nezinzuzo
Imitha yobuningi be-slurry ye-ultrasonic iwubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili kuma-reactor anamuhla. Isebenzisa isimiso sesikhathi sokundiza, amagagasi e-ultrasonic adluliselwa nge-slurry futhi isikhathi sokuhamba sihlotshaniswa ngqo nobuningi. Le ndlela inikeza amandla amaningana amakhulu enqubo yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene:
- Ukusebenza okungahlaseli:Izinzwa zigwema ukuthintana ngqo nodaka, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuguguleka komshini, ingozi yokungcola, kanye nesikhathi sokungasebenzi sokulungisa.
- Ukunemba Nokuthembeka:Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela kanye nokwakhiwa kwezinzwa okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukuphakama okuphezului-acci-uracy 0.001g/ml, ngisho nasezimweni ezirhabaxa noma ezicebile ngezinhlayiya lapho izinhlelo zendabuko zisebenza khonal.
- Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Ezinzima:Izinzwa ze-Ultrasonic zimelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, kanye nokuguguleka komshini okuvamile kuma-reactor e-polymerization.
- Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo Okuqhubekayo:Ubuchwepheshe busekela ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo nokuguquguquka kwamapharamitha enqubo, okwenza kube lula ukusebenza kwe-reactor okuzinzile kanye nekhwalithi efanayo ye-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Ultrasonic kuthuthukisa kakhulu lawa mamitha; ukwakheka kwe-cavitation kanye namandla okusika anamandla aphezulu ngaphakathi kwenqubo kuqinisekisa ukuhlakazeka kwezinhlayiya eziphakeme kanye nokufana, okuthuthukisa kokubili ukuthembeka kokulinganisa kanye nokusebenza kwe-polymerization. Emisebenzini engokoqobo, amamitha obuningi be-ultrasonic abona kalula ukuguquka kwesigaba kanye nokushintsha okucashile ekuthuthukisweni kwenethiwekhi ye-polymer, okuvumela isenzo sokulungisa ngokushesha sokwenza umkhiqizo kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo.
Izixazululo Zokulinganisa Ubuningi Ezenziwe Ngokwezifiso Zezindawo Eziyinselele Ze-Reactor
Akuzona zonke izindawo zokukhiqiza i-polyethylene ezifanayo. Ama-reactor avame ukudinga amamitha obuningi be-slurry aklanyelwe wena ukuze abhekane nokwakheka kwezinto ngokushesha, ukudlidliza okunamandla, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okukhulu. Abakhiqizi bamamitha obuningi be-slurry aklanyelwe wena baphendule ngezinto ezintsha ezifana namadivayisi okulinganisa ubuningi be-bypass ahlanganisa izindlela zokuzilungisa kabusha besebenzisa amanzi njengereferensi. Lo mklamo uvimbela ukungcola futhi uqinisekisa ukunemba okuqhubekayo phakathi kokusebenza kwenqubo ngaphandle kokuhlanza okubanzi.
Ezinye izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezintsha zisebenzisa izimiso zokulinganisa okungekona ukuthintana, njenge-magnetic induction tomography, esebenzisa ama-electrode annular kanye nama-coil amaningi ukuzwa ukugxila kwezinto eziqinile kuma-slurries ayinkimbinkimbi. Le ndlela inikeza ukulinganisa okuqinile, okunembile kakhulu (okuqinisekiswe ngezifundo zokuhlola) futhi yenzelwe ukufakelwa kabusha ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-polyethylene ezindala ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwenqubo noma izinguquko ezinkulu zengqalasizinda.
Amamitha obuningi be-slurry enziwe ngokwezifiso avela ezinkampanini ezikhethekile nawo abhekana nemiphumela yokudlidliza kwephampu kanye nokushukuma kwe-reactor. Izici ezifana nokufakwa kwe-modular sensor kanye nokucubungula isignali okuthuthukisiwe kuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokulinganisa, kwandise impilo yesevisi yemishini, futhi kube lula ukulungiswa okuvamile.
Ukuhlanganisa Ubuchwepheshe Bobuningi Be-Slurry Nokulawulwa Kwenqubo Okuthuthukisiwe
Ezitshalweni zanamuhla, amamitha obuningi be-slurry asezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi amayunithi e-ultrasonic, asebenza kakhulu njengezingxenye ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwezinhlelo zokulawula inqubo ethuthukisiwe (i-APC). Ukuxhumanisa idatha yobuningi be-slurry yesikhathi sangempela ngqo kumapulatifomu ezenzakalelayo kuveza izinzuzo eziningi:
- Ukuqina Kwenqubo Okuthuthukisiwe:Ukulungiswa kwamapharamitha okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa ukungenelela ngesandla, kuvimbela izinguquko zobuningi obungazelelwe kanye nokuzinzisa ukusebenza kwe-reactor.
- Ukufana Komkhiqizo Okuthuthukisiwe:Ama-loop empendulo asekelwe ekufundweni kobuningi obunembile, okuqhubekayo asiza ekugcineni izakhiwo ze-resin eziqondiwe kuwo wonke amaqoqo.
- Imisebenzi Ephephile Neluhlaza Kakhulu:Izixazululo ze-Ultrasonic zisusa imithombo yemisebe, zihambisana nezindinganiso zesimanje zemvelo, ukuphepha, kanye nokusimama.
- Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko Nokulungisa:Njengoba kunemijikelezo embalwa yokulinganisa kanye nokuncipha kokungcoliswa, amamitha okuxinana kwanamuhla anciphisa izindleko zokusebenza futhi agwema isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe.
Amakhono okuhlanganisa isofthiwe, izici zokulinganisa ezihlakaniphile, kanye nokuxhumeka kwenzwa ye-modular—okuvamile eminikelweni yamanje yemitha yobuningi be-slurry evela eLonnmeter kanye nabanye abakhiqizi abagxile ngokwezifiso—okulula ukuhlanganisa nokukhulisa. Lezi zici zobuchwepheshe ziqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlelo zokulawula ezisatshalaliswa, zisekela ukwenziwa ngcono okuqhutshwa idatha kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene.
Engeza kulokhu ukuqina kwezinto zokuzwa kanye nokuqina kokudluliselwa kwesignali ngaphansi kwezimo zenqubo ezimbi kakhulu, kanye nobuchwepheshe bamanje bokulinganisa ubuningi be-slurry bugcwalisa ngempumelelo zonke izidingo zesimanje zesikhathi sangempela, ikhwalithi yesitshalo sonke kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo ekusebenzeni kwe-polyethylene enobuningi obukhulu.
Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso Nokukhethwa Kwamamitha Obuningi Be-Slurry: Ukubhekana Nezinselele Eziqondene Nezitshalo
Ukulinganiswa kobuningi be-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela kuyisisekelo sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqhubekayo enkambisweni yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene. Ukusebenza kwemitha yobuningi be-slurry kubumba ngqo ukulawulwa kwenqubo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nezincazelo zomkhiqizo wokugcina esitshalweni sokukhiqiza i-polyethylene. Kodwa-ke, izimo eziguquguqukayo ku-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE) kanye nezinye izinhlelo ze-reactor ze-polyethylene zidinga amamitha avumelaniswe namaqiniso okusebenza kwesitshalo ngasinye.
Kungani Amapharamitha Okusebenza Edinga Izixazululo Ezingokwezifiso
Izinguquko ezibalulekile zenqubo—ukudlula kwe-monomer, uhlobo kanye nezinga lokuphakelwa kwe-catalyst, kanye nesilinganiso se-reactor—kushintsha kakhulu ukuziphatha kwe-slurry. Ukudlula kwe-monomer ephezulu kungaqinisa ukulayisha okuqinile, ukushintsha kwezindlela zokugeleza, futhi kuthinte ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-catalyst eziqinile, ama-monomer, kanye namaketanga e-polymer akhulayo. Lokhu kushintsha kokwakheka kwe-slurry kubonakala ezinguqukweni zobuningi besikhathi sangempela ezingabanjwa yimitha yobuningi elungiselelwe kahle kuphela.
Ukukhethwa kwe-Catalyst kanye nesimo se-concentration drive agglomerate morphology. Isibonelo, ama-catalyst asekelwe ku-silica akhiqiza ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezahlukene kanye nokuhlanganiswa kunalawo asekelwe kwezinye izisekelo. Ukwehluka okunjalo kungadala ama-slurry anokuhlushwa okuhlukile kakhulu kobunzima, ukuziphatha kokugeleza, kanye nokuthambekela kokungcoliswa kwezinzwa. Uma ukulinganiswa kwemitha noma ubuchwepheshe bungabali lokhu, amaphutha amakhulu okulinganisa ubuningi angenzeka, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni komkhiqizo ongekho ku-spec noma ngisho nokusebenza.
Isikali se-Reactor sethula ezinye izinkinga. Ama-reactor amakhulu ajwayelekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-HDPE afaka ukugeleza okungeyona i-Newtonian, okuvame ukungafani. Ukuxhuma, ukuhlanganisa, kanye nokwehluka kwendawo ekusabalalisweni kwe-solid-liquid kudinga kokubili izinzwa zamamitha eziqinile kanye nezindlela zokulinganisa eziguquguqukayo. Ithuluzi elijwayelekile, "elingekho eshalofini" livame ukusebenza kabi kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, okwenza isidingo semitha yobuningi be-slurry eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile izidingo ze-polyethylene yenqubo ye-slurry eyingqayizivele yesitshalo.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokuklama Amamitha Angokwezifiso
Imitha yobuningi be-slurry eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ivame ukusebenzisa izinzwa ezingaphazamisi, ezingavimbeli ukuguguleka—ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic buvame kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinzima. Lapho okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile kanye nohlelo lokugeleza kuhlukahluka kakhulu, njengakwi-HDPE noma kwezinye iziphehli ze-polyethylene, amamitha esimanje ahlanganisa izingxenye ezifakwe nge-bypass ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola kanye nokuzihlanza ngezikhathi ezithile kube lula.
Amamitha kumele alinganiswe kahle ukuze athole isimo sezinhlayiya, amazinga okuhlushwa kwesisindo esiqinile alindelekile, kanye nokushisa kwenqubo. Ukufaka ukulinganisa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, njengasezinhlelweni zokubhekisela emanzini, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuthembeka kwedatha. Lezi zici zivumela imitha ukuthi izivumelanise nezinguquko zenqubo zesikhashana neziqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukufundwa okuhambisanayo nokunembile ngisho noma izakhiwo zomzimba ze-slurry zishintsha.
Ukufakwa kwemitha kubaluleke kakhulu; indawo efanele iqinisekisa ukubandakanyeka kokugeleza okubonisayo, ukugwema izindawo zokugeleza okufile noma ukuxokozela ngokweqile. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene yangempela kuzuza ngokubeka amamitha ezindaweni ezinokunyakaza okuphezulu nokufanayo kwe-slurry, okunciphisa ukubambezeleka kokulinganisa kanye nephutha ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwendawo.
Ukukhetha Umkhiqizi Wemitha Yobuningi Be-Slurry Eyenziwe Ngokwezifiso
Ukukhetha umenzi wemitha yobuningi be-slurry efanele ngokwezifiso kubaluleke njengokukhetha umklamo ofanele. Izinqubo ezine ezibalulekile zibalulekile:
Ukusekela kwezobuchwepheshe:Ukusekelwa okusebenzayo nokunolwazi kuyadingeka ekulungiseleleni, ekufakeni, nasekugcineni amamitha ezindaweni ezidinga amandla e-reactor. Umhlinzeki kumele abonise ikhono lokusebenza ngama-slurry e-polyethylene, anikeze isiqondiso sokulinganisa inzwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.
Irekhodi Eliqinisekisiwe:Abakhiqizi abanjengoLonnmeter abanomlando wokuhlinzeka ngamamitha okuqina aqinile futhi anokunemba okuphezulu kumakhasimende ezimboni kufanele abekwe phambili. Izinkomba kanye nezifundo zamacala ezivela ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-polyethylene ezifanayo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo:Umlingani kufanele anikeze izinketho eziningi ezingalungiselelwa: uhlobo lwenzwa (i-ultrasonic, i-bypass, ukucwiliswa okuqondile), ububanzi bokulinganisa, izinto ezimelana nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali/i-catalyst, kanye nokuhlanganiswa namajiyometri okugeleza athile esitshalo.
Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinhlelo Zezitshalo Zedijithali:Ngisho noma abakhiqizi bamamitha bengalethi izinhlelo zedijithali ezigcwele, amafomethi okukhipha idatha kumele ahambisane nokuzenzakalela kwesitshalo—izibonelo zifaka phakathi okukhiphayo okunamandla kwe-analog, izinqubo ze-HART, noma ze-Modbus, okusiza ukuqapha inqubo yesikhathi sangempela kanye nezixhumi zokulawula ezibushelelezi.
Inkampani ehamba phambili yamamitha okulinganisa ubuningi be-slurry ngokwezifiso izosiza futhi ukuhlela izinqubo zokulungisa, imijikelezo yokuhlanza, kanye namashejuli okulinganisa azungeze ukusebenza kwesitshalo, okubonisa izidingo zokulinganisa ubuningi besikhathi sangempela ekukhiqizweni kwe-polyethylene. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amamitha ahlala ethembekile—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi alinganisa ubuningi ku-loop yocwaningo lwesilinganiso sokuhlola noma isitshalo sokukhiqiza i-polyethylene esigcwele, esinamandla amakhulu.
Ukutshala imali kumitha yobuningi be-slurry eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kuyisidingo sobuchwepheshe, hhayi ukunethezeka, ekukhiqizweni kwe-polyethylene yesimanje. Ukukhetha imitha efanele kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokukhulisa isivuno, ukulawula ubuningi be-slurry ekukhiqizweni kwe-polyethylene enobuningi obukhulu, kanye nokufeza ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kuso sonke isitshalo.
Umthelela Wokulawulwa Kobuningi Be-Slurry Ekhwalithini Yomkhiqizo We-Polyethylene Enobuningi Obuningi
Ukulinganisa ubuningi be-slurry obuqinile, besikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-polyethylene ephezulu (i-HDPE) enamazinga aqondiwe kanye nesisindo sama-molecule esiqondile. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene, ukuhlushwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya ze-polymer eziqinile ku-slurry ye-reactor kuhlobene ngqo nokwakheka nokukhula kwamaketanga e-polymer. Ukugcina lobu buningi ngaphakathi kwemingcele eqinile kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-polymerization iyaqhubeka ngesivinini esilawulwayo, ikhuthaza ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo sama-molecule okufunwayo (MWD), okunquma izakhiwo zokusetshenziswa kokugcina kanye nokuhambisana nemininingwane.
Ukwehluka kobuningi be-slurry kuthinta kokubili isakhiwo se-polymer kanye nokwakheka kwama-molecule. Ubuningi be-slurry obuphezulu buvame ukukhiqiza izinhlayiya ze-HDPE ngokuvuvukala okunciphile kanye nokuxinana, kukhiqize ama-resin anesimo sezinhlayiya esihambisanayo kanye ne-MWD efanele yokusebenza kwemishini. Idatha yokuhlola ethuthukisiwe evela ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-polyethylene yezimboni iqinisekisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kwesikhathi sangempela kobuningi be-slurry kunciphisa kakhulu ukusabalala kwezakhiwo zomkhiqizo, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-resin okungeyona i-spec futhi kuthuthukise ukuhambisana kwe-batch-to-batch. Ukulinganisa okuqondile, ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa amamitha wobuningi be-slurry e-ultrasonic, kwenza leli zinga lokunemba ngaphandle kokuthatha isampula ngesandla, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka kwenqubo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ukulawulwa kobuningi be-slurry okunembile kunethonya eliqondile ezimpahleni eziningana ezibalulekile ze-HDPE:
- Amandla:Izinhlayiya ze-polymer ezakhiwe ngaphansi kokuqina kwe-slurry okuzinzile zibonisa umthelela ophezulu kanye namandla okunamathela. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezisetshenzisweni ezifana namapayipi ezimboni kanye nezingxenye ezilinganiselwe ukucindezela, lapho ukwehluleka komkhiqizo kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile yokuphepha kanye nezezimali.
- Ukucutshungulwa:Izici ze-rheological—ezibalulekile ekukhipheni noma ekubumbeni nge-blow—zilawulwa yi-resin microstructure, ngokwayo okuwumsebenzi wokuthi ubuningi be-slurry bulawulwa futhi bugcinwa kanjani. Izimo ze-slurry ezizinzile ziholela kuma-polymer anezinkomba zokugeleza kokuncibilika okubikezelwayo (i-MFI), okunciphisa ingozi yokungazinzi kokucubungula ekukhiqizeni okungezansi.
- Ukuthobela Imigomo Yezincazelo:Izindinganiso ezifana ne-ASTM D3350 zibeka izidingo eziqinile zamandla, ukuqina, kanye nesisindo sama-molecule. Ukuhlangabezana nalokhu njalo kungenzeka kuphela uma ukulawulwa kobuningi kuqhubeka futhi kunembile, okubuye kuvunyelwe amamitha wobuningi be-ultrasonic yesimanje.
Inselele ebalulekile yokusebenza ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-polyethylene ukukhiqizwa okuguquguqukayo—ukukwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha namazinga ahlukene e-resin e-HDPE ngaphandle kwesikhathi esikhulu sokungasebenzi noma ukuchitha. Lapha, ukuthembeka kanye nesivinini sokulawula ubuningi be-slurry kusekela ukuguquguquka. Ngokuqapha ngokunembile nokulungisa indawo yobuningi, opharetha bangalungisa izisindo zama-molecule nama-MWD ukuze bakhiqize amazinga afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kuma-geomembrane kuya kuma-bottle caps. Lokhu kuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kokulinganiswa kobuningi kanye nokushintshana kwamabanga kusekela ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezimboni, okuvumela izitshalo ukuthi zikhonze izidingo zemakethe eziyinkimbinkimbi ngenkathi zigcina ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza kanye nezindleko zilawulwa.
I-Lonnmeter, njengomkhiqizi wamamitha obuningi be-slurry ngokwezifiso (isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic), ibhekana nezidingo zokulinganisa ubuningi besikhathi sangempela ngamathuluzi aqinile, aphephile ngokwemvelo, futhi angabizi kakhulu oklanyelwe izindawo ezinzima zenqubo ye-slurry polyethylene. Ukuthembeka nokunemba kwamamitha anjalo kwenza izitshalo zikwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zokulawula ubuningi be-slurry—ukuletha amazinga e-polymer ahlangabezana njalo nezindinganiso eziqinile zemboni kanye nezicelo.
Ukuhlanganisa Ukulinganiswa Kobuningi Bokwenza Inqubo Isebenze Kahle
Ukuhlanganisa ukulinganiswa kobuningi be-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela kuma-reactor e-loop slurry kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene. Idatha eqhubekayo nenembile ngobuningi be-slurry ivumela ukuhlanganiswa nokulawulwa kwenqubo okuthuthukisiwe, okuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kokubikezela kwemodeli (i-MPC), amanethiwekhi e-neural okwenziwa, kanye namasu asekelwe ku-PID afiphazayo. Lezi zindlela zithembele ekuphenduleni okusheshayo okuvela kumathuluzi angaphakathi njenge-ultrasonic slurry density metres, ahlinzeka ngokulandelela okunembile nokungahlaseli kobuningi be-slurry kuma-reactor nasemapayipini.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene enobuningi obukhulu kudinga ukulawulwa okunembile kobuningi be-slurry ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-polymer ehambisanayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwebanga nalapho izitsha zokudla zishintshashintsha. Ama-algorithm okulawula okuzenzakalelayo ahumusha izilinganiso zobuningi besikhathi sangempela ukuze alungise amapharamitha enqubo (ukugeleza kwe-monomer, isivinini se-agitator, izinga lokushisa) ngama-millisecond, kunciphisa ukubambezeleka okutholakala ekuhlolweni okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi noma okulibazisekile. Izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe, ezisebenzisa idatha evela kumadivayisi afana namamitha obuningi be-slurry e-ultrasonic e-Lonnmeter, zilungisa izimpendulo ngendlela eguquguqukayo ukuze zinciphise ukuphambuka kusuka kuma-setpoints aqondiwe. Isibonelo, abalawuli be-PID aba-Smith fuzzy abahlungwe yi-algorithms yezakhi zofuzo babonise ukwehla okungu-35.9% esikhathini sokuphendula kanye nokuzinza okusheshayo okungu-36.6% uma kuqhathaniswa nokulawula kwe-PID yendabuko, okuthuthukisa ngqo ukuqina kwenqubo kanye nokufana komkhiqizo.
Ukulawulwa okuqinile kobuningi be-slurry nakho kusekela ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwenqubo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto. Ngokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kobuningi:
- Ama-reactor asebenza ngokuzinza ngokushesha ngemva kokuphazamiseka.
- Isivuno se-polymer siyanda ngenxa yamaqoqo ambalwa angekho ku-spec.
- Ukulahlwa kwamandla kuyancishiswa, njengoba ukunxeshezelwa ngokweqile kwezinga lokushisa, ukushukuma, noma izinga lokudla kuncipha.
Isibonelo, kuhlaka lokulawula olubikezelayo lwemodeli, ukuhlanganisa idatha yobuningi be-slurry eqhubekayo ye-ultrasonic kubonise ukuthuthukisa ikhono le-reactor lokuhamba ezinguqukweni zebanga ngokuchithwa okuncane kwe-ethylene kanye ne-catalyst. Ukuvumelana kobuningi be-slurry kuvumela nokusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwama-compressor namaphampu, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile ngethani ngalinye le-metric le-polyethylene ephezulu ekhiqizwayo.
Imiphumela ifinyelela ekongeni izindleko nasekuphathweni kwezingozi. Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela inciphisa amathuba okukhiqizwa okungaphandle kwencazelo, inciphisa ukuvuselelwa okubizayo ngemuva kwenqubo kanye nokungcola kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezinto ezingavamile—njengokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo, ukuphakama kobuningi, noma i-pump cavitation—kuvumela ukungenelela okusheshayo, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe kanye nengozi yokuphazamiseka kwe-reactor. Izifundo zokulingisa kuma-reactor asezimbonini zisekela lokhu okutholakele: ukuqapha okuqinile, okuqhubekayo kobuningi kuholele ekunciphiseni okulinganiselwe kwezici zengozi yenqubo kanye nokungenelela okungahleliwe, okuqinisekisa inani lempendulo yesikhathi sangempela yokusebenza kwesitshalo okuphephile nokuthembekile.
Ngokombono wokuzinza, ukulinganiswa kobuningi be-slurry okuqhubekayo kusiza ekunciphiseni imfucuza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngendlela ephumelelayo. Ukulawulwa kwesikhathi sangempela kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezihlangabezana nemininingwane eqinile kuphela eziphuma esitshalweni sokukhiqiza i-polyethylene, kukhawulele kokubili umthamo wemfucuza kanye nomthelela wemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kwemfucuza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-solvent nakho kuyathuthukiswa, kusekela imigomo ebanzi yokukhiqizwa kwe-polymer okusimeme.
Izixazululo eziqondile, njenge-Lonnmeter custom slurry density metres, ziletha izidingo zokulinganisa ubuningi besikhathi sangempela ngokuzivumelanisa nezimo okudingekayo ekulungiselelweni okuhlukene kwe-reactor kanye nebanga lokusebenza. Njengoba ukusebenza kahle, ukuthembeka, kanye nokusimama kuba yizinto ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-polymer, ukuhlanganisa ukuqapha ubuningi be-slurry okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezitendi zokulawula njengesisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene ephezulu enokuncintisana nokuqinile.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Yiziphi izidingo zokulinganisa ubuningi besikhathi sangempela ekukhiqizweni kwe-polyethylene yenqubo ye-slurry?
Ukulinganiswa kobuningi besikhathi sangempela kubalulekile enkambisweni yokusanhlamvu ukulawula izimo ze-reactor nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-batch-to-batch enkambisweni yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene. Ukulinganiswa okuqhubekayo kuvumela impendulo esheshayo kanye nokulungiswa okusheshayo, ukuqinisa amapharamitha afana nokuhlushwa kwe-solids kanye ne-melt flow index (MFI). Lokhu kulawula kubalulekile ekugcineni imininingwane eqondile yomkhiqizo, ukunciphisa ukuphambuka kwekhwalithi, kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ngaphandle kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela, amalabhorethri awakwazi ukunikeza ukuqonda kwenqubo ngesikhathi esifanele, okuholela engcupheni enkulu yokuphazamiseka kwenqubo kanye nokungasebenzi kahle. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kokuphambuka ngokusebenzisa ukuxinana kwe-real-time kusiza ukuvimbela ukungcola kwe-reactor kanye nokuvaleka, ukugcina inqubo iphephile futhi ingaphazanyiswa. Ekukhiqizweni kwe-polyethylene ephezulu, lezi zilinganiso zibalulekile ekulethweni kwemikhiqizo efanayo ekusetshenzisweni okudingakalayo njengamapayipi kanye nokupakisha.
Imitha yokulinganisa ubuningi be-slurry iyithuthukisa kanjani inqubo yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene?
Imitha yobuningi be-slurry inikeza ukuqapha okuqhubekayo, okusemgqeni kobuningi be-slurry ye-reactor. Lokhu kwenza opharetha bakwazi ukulungisa i-catalyst kanye ne-monomer dosing ngokusekelwe kumpendulo yesikhathi sangempela, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlayiya ze-polymer ezifanayo kanye nengozi encishisiwe yezinto ezingacacisiwe. Umthamo othuthukisiwe unciphisa imfucuza ye-feedstock futhi kuthuthukisa amazinga okuguqulwa. Opharetha baphinde babone ukushintsha kokusebenza kwe-reactor ngaphambi kokuphazamiseka okukhulu, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo. Isibonelo, ukufundwa kobuningi obukhulayo kungabonisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya, okubangela ukungenelela ukuze kugwenywe ukungcola kwe-reactor. Idatha eqhubekayo evela kumitha ethembekile ayisekeli kuphela ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi nokuhambisana nomthetho ngokugcina ukucaca kwenqubo kanye nokulandelela.
Kungani kufanele ukhethe imitha yobuningi be-slurry ye-ultrasonic yokukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene enobuningi obukhulu?
Amamitha okulinganisa ukungcola kwe-Ultrasonic asebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuze alinganise ubuningi, anciphise izinkinga ezihambisana nama-gauge enuzi endabuko. Lawa mamitha asebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamisa, anciphisa ukuguguleka komshini futhi aqeda cishe ingozi yokungcola. Ezindaweni ze-HDPE—ngokuvamile ezihlukumeza kakhulu futhi ezinolaka ngamakhemikhali—amamitha e-ultrasonic agcina ukunemba nokuzinza isikhathi eside. Ukumelana kwawo nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokuntuleka kwezingxenye ezihambayo kuholela ezidingweni zokulungisa eziphansi. Ukulinganisa kwesikhathi sangempela, okungenamanzi kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo, okuvumela isinyathelo sokulungisa ngokushesha. Amamitha e-Ultrasonic asekela nezinhloso zemvelo nokuphepha ngokugwema imithombo yemisebe, ukunciphisa imithwalo yokuthobela imithetho, kanye nokuhambisana nezimiso ze-ESG.
Kunini lapho kudingeka khona imitha yobuningi be-slurry eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, futhi ngimkhetha kanjani umenzi ofanele?
Imitha yobuningi be-slurry eyenziwe ngokwezifiso iyadingeka lapho amathuluzi ajwayelekile engakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezimo ezithile zenqubo—njengokusebenza okuphezulu ngokungavamile, ama-geometri e-reactor angavamile, noma ama-reactor ahlola ama-catalyst amasha. Kulezi zimo, izixazululo zokulinganisa ezenzelwe wena zibhekana nokuhlanganiswa okuhlukile noma izidingo zemvelo, ukuqinisekisa idatha enembile nethembekile naphezu kobunzima benqubo. Lapho ukhetha umenzi, beka phambili ubuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe ezindaweni zezitshalo zokukhiqiza i-polyethylene, ukuthembeka okuqinisekisiwe kobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa, kanye nekhono lokuhlinzeka ngamamitha ahlangana ngokomzimba nangokwe-elekthronikhi nezinhlelo zakho zokulawula ezikhona. I-Lonnmeter, egxile kuphela kwihadiwe yamamitha kunezinhlelo noma isofthiwe, iyisibonelo sale ndlela ekhethekile, enikeza izixazululo zehadiwe ezenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-polymerization ezidingayo. Cabanga ngokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside, izidingo zokulinganisa, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zenqubo ezishintshayo lapho uhlola abahlinzeki abangaba khona.
Yini ehlukanisa i-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu ekhiqizwa ngenqubo yokulunywa?
I-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu evela enkambisweni yodaka ibonisa amandla aphezulu okusebenza, ukumelana nokukhula okuqhekeka kancane, kanye nokuqina kwamakhemikhali okuqinile. Lezi zakhiwo zivela ekulawulweni okunembile kwezimo zokusabela, kufaka phakathi ubuningi bodaka, okuthonya isakhiwo sama-molecule e-polymer, ubukristali, kanye nokwakheka kwamagatsha. Ukulinganiswa kobuningi bodaka okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwekhwalithi encane, okukhiqiza i-HDPE ehlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa ezinzima zamapayipi, izitsha, namafilimu obuchwepheshe. Isibonelo, izinto ezintsha zenqubo ezifana nama-catalyst athuthukile kanye nezimo zokugeleza ezilawulwa ngokucophelela zivumela ukulungisa izakhiwo ezincane ukuze kufezwe amandla aphezulu okudonsa nokuqina. Ukulawulwa kobuningi okuqhubekayo, okusekelwa amamitha angaphakathi athembekile, kuyisisekelo saleli zinga lokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo ophindaphindwayo, osezingeni eliphezulu ezitshalweni ze-polyethylene zesimanje.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 17-2025
