Inqubo yeMannheim Yokukhiqizwa kwe-Potassium Sulfate (K2SO4)

Inqubo yeMannheim yePotassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄) Ukukhiqizwa

Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zokukhiqiza ze-Potassium Sulfate

Inqubo yeMannheim is inqubo yezimboni yokukhiqizwa kwe-K2SO4,ukusabela kokubola phakathi kwe-98% ye-sulfuric acid kanye ne-potassium chloride emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye ne-hydrochloric acid ephuma ngemuva. Izinyathelo ezithile zifaka phakathi ukuxuba i-potassium chloride kanye ne-sulfuric acid bese kusabela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kwakheke i-potassium sulfate kanye ne-hydrochloric acid.

Ukwakheka kwekristalusukulungiswaikhiqiza i-potassium sulfate ngokuthosa igobolondo lembewu ye-alkali efana ne-tung kanye nomlotha wezitshalo, bese kulandelwa yi-ukuhlanzwa, ukuhlunga, ukugxila, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal nokomiswa ukuze kutholakale i-potassium sulfate.

Ukusabela kwe-I-Potassium ChloridefuthiI-Sulfuric Acid emazingeni okushisa athile ngesilinganiso esithile kungenye indlela yokuthola i-potassium sulfate.Izinyathelo ezithile zifaka phakathi ukuncibilikisa i-potassium chloride emanzini afudumele, ukwengeza i-sulfuric acid ukuze kutholakale impendulo, bese kwakheka i-crystallizing ku-100–140°C, kulandelwe ukuhlukaniswa, ukuncishiswa, nokomiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe i-potassium sulfate.

Izinzuzo zeMannheim Potassium Sulfate

Inqubo yaseMennheim iyindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwe-potassium sulfate phesheya kwezilwandle. Indlela ethembekile neyinkimbinkimbi ikhiqiza i-potassium sulfate egxilile enokuncibilika kwamanzi okuphezulu. Isixazululo se-asidi ebuthakathaka sifanelekela inhlabathi ene-alkaline.

Izimiso Zokukhiqiza

Inqubo Yokusabela:

1. I-sulfuric acid kanye ne-potassium chloride zilinganiswa ngokulinganayo futhi zondliwa ngokulinganayo ekamelweni lokusabela lesithando saseMannheim, lapho zisabela khona ukuze zikhiqize i-potassium sulfate kanye ne-hydrogen chloride.

2. Ukusabela kwenzeka ngezinyathelo ezimbili:

i. Isinyathelo sokuqala singesokushisa futhi senzeka ekushiseni okuphansi.

ii. Isinyathelo sesibili sihilela ukuguqulwa kwe-potassium bisulfate ibe yi-potassium sulfate, okuyi-endothermic enamandla.

Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa:

1. Ukusabela kumele kwenzeke emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-268°C, kanti ububanzi obuhle bungu-500-600°C ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle ngaphandle kokubola ngokweqile kwe-sulfuric acid.

2. Ekukhiqizeni kwangempela, izinga lokushisa lokusabela livame ukulawulwa phakathi kuka-510-530°C ukuze kuqiniswe futhi kusebenze kahle.

Ukusetshenziswa Kokushisa:

1. Ukusabela ku-endothermic kakhulu, kudinga ukushisa okuqhubekayo okuvela ekushisweni kwegesi yemvelo.

2. Cishe u-44% wokushisa kwesithando somlilo ulahleka ngezindonga, u-40% uthuthwa yigesi yokukhipha umoya, kanti u-16% kuphela osetshenziswayo ukusabela kwangempela.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zenqubo YaseMannheim

Isithando somliloububanzi buyisici esibalulekile samandla okukhiqiza. Izitofu ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke zinobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-6.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lokushayela oluthembekile luyisiqinisekiso sokusabela okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile.Izinto ezivuselela umoya kumele zimelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ama-asidi aqinile, futhi zinikeze ukudluliselwa okuhle kokushisa. Izinto zokuxuba kumele zimelane nokushisa, ukugqwala, kanye nokuguguleka.

Ikhwalithi yegesi ye-Hydrogen Chloride:

1. Ukugcina i-vacuum encane ekamelweni lokusabela kuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya namagesi e-flue awanciphisi i-hydrogen chloride.

2. Ukuvalwa nokusebenza kahle kungafinyelela amazinga e-HCl angu-50% noma ngaphezulu.

Imininingwane Yezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

1.I-Potassium Chloride:Kumelwe kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zomswakama, usayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-potassium oxide ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu ukusabela.

2.I-asidi ye-sulfuric:Kudinga ukuhlushwa okungu-99% ukuze kube nobumsulwa kanye nokusabela okuhlala njalo.

Ukulawula Izinga Lokushisa:

1.Igumbi Lokusabela (510-530°C):Iqinisekisa ukusabela okuphelele.

2.Igumbi Lokushisa:Ilinganisela ukungenisa kwegesi yemvelo ukuze kushiswe kahle.

3.Izinga lokushisa legesi yomsila:Kulawulwa ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kokukhishwa komoya nokuqinisekisa ukumuncwa kwegesi okuphumelelayo.

Ukugeleza Komsebenzi Wenqubo

• Ukusabela:I-potassium chloride kanye ne-sulfuric acid kufakwa njalo ekamelweni lokusabela. I-potassium sulfate ephumayo iyakhishwa, ipholiswe, ihlolwe, futhi incishiswe nge-calcium oxide ngaphambi kokupakisha.
• Ukuphathwa Komkhiqizo Olandelanayo:
  • Igesi ye-hydrogen chloride eshisa kakhulu iyapholiswa futhi ihlanzwe ngochungechunge lwezihlanzi kanye nemibhoshongo yokumunca ukuze kukhiqizwe i-hydrochloric acid yezinga lezimboni (31-37% HCl).
  • Ukukhishwa kwegesi yomsila kuphathwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zemvelo.

Izinselele Nokuthuthukiswa

1. Ukulahlekelwa Ukushisa:Ukushisa okukhulu kulahleka ngamagesi okukhipha umoya kanye nezindonga zesithando somlilo, okugqamisa isidingo sezinhlelo zokubuyisa ukushisa ezithuthukisiwe.
2. Ukugqwala Kwemishini:Le nqubo isebenza ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezimo ze-asidi, okuholela ezinseleleni zokuguguleka nokugcinwa kwazo.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Komkhiqizo Ongahlobene Ne-Hydrochloric Acid:Imakethe ye-hydrochloric acid ingagcwala, okudinga ucwaningo ngezindlela zokusebenzisa noma izindlela zokunciphisa umkhiqizo ophuma eceleni.

Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-Mannheim potassium sulfate ihilela izinhlobo ezimbili zokukhishwa kwegesi engcolile: ukukhishwa kwegesi evuthayo evela kugesi yemvelo kanye negesi ye-hydrogen chloride ephuma eceleni.

Umshini Wokukhipha Umoya Ovuthayo:

Izinga lokushisa lomoya oshisayo ngokuvamile licishe libe ngu-450°C. Lokhu kushisa kudluliselwa nge-recuperator ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangemva kokushintshana kokushisa, izinga lokushisa legesi yomoya oshisayo lihlala cishe ku-160°C, futhi lokhu kushisa okusele kukhishwa emoyeni.

Igesi ye-Hydrogen Chloride yomkhiqizo ohlukile:

Igesi le-hydrogen chloride liyahlanzwa embhoshongweni wokuwasha we-sulfuric acid, limuncwe embhoshongweni wefilimu ewayo, bese lihlanzwa embhoshongweni wokuhlanza igesi ephumayo ngaphambi kokuba likhishwe. Le nqubo ikhiqiza i-hydrochloric acid engu-31%, lapho okuphakemeukuhlushwa kungaholela ekukhishweni komoyaakufikeleli kuamazinga futhi kubangele isenzakalo "sokuhudula umsila" emkhunjini wokukhipha umoya.Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sangempelai-hydrochloric acid ukulinganisa ukuhlushwa iphenduka ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni.

Izindlela ezilandelayo zingathathwa ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono:

Nciphisa Ukuhlushwa Kwe-Acid: Yehlisa ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi ngesikhathi senqubo yokumuncangeimitha yobuningi emugqeni ukuze kuqashwe kahle.

Khulisa Umthamo Wamanzi Ajikelezayo: Thuthukisa ukujikeleza kwamanzi ku-absorber yefilimu ewayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa.

Nciphisa Umthwalo Embhoshongweni Wokuhlanza Igesi Ephumayo: Lungiselela imisebenzi ukuze unciphise umthwalo ohlelweni lokuhlanza.

Ngalezi zilungiso kanye nokusebenza kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isenzakalo sokuhudula umsila singasuswa, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukukhishwa komoya kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo.