Izinto zokugcoba zisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezinkulu njengemboni yezimoto, amakhemikhali, ezokwakha, ezendwangu, ingqalasizinda, ezolimo, ezezimayini kanye nokumba uwoyela ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuvelele ekumelaneni nokuguguleka, ukugcotshwa kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Izinkinga zokugeleza njengokugobhoza okuphezulu kakhulu noma okuphansi kakhulu zinganciphisa impilo yemishini futhi zandise izindleko zokulungisa. Funda kabanzi ngemininingwane nge-Lonnmeter thola izixazululo ezinhle kakhulu zokulinganisa ngokunembile ukugobhoza okuqhubekayo emugqeni wokuxuba uwoyela noma inqubo yokukhiqiza. Landela umkhuba wenqubo yokuzenzakalela yezimboni.
Iyini i-Viscosity Index (VI) ye-Lubricant?
I-Viscosity Index (VI) iyisilinganiso esibalulekile esichaza ikhono lesithambisi lokugcina i-viscosity ehambisanayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokushisa, okuyisici esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuthembekile ezimweni zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. I-VI ephezulu ikhombisa ushintsho oluncane lwe-viscosity ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezisetshenzisweni ezifana nezinhlelo ze-hydraulic noma izinjini ezivezwe ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isithambisi se-VI ephansi sibhekana nokushintsha okukhulu kwe-viscosity, okungalimaza ukusebenza. Isibonelo, amafutha amaminerali avamile ngokuvamile ane-VI engu-95-100, kuyilapho amafutha amaminerali acwengisiswe kakhulu efinyelela ku-120, kanti amafutha okwenziwa angafinyelela ama-VI adlula ama-250.
Ukuqonda Kwemakethe Nezicelo Zezimboni
Zonke izinhlobo zokugcoba kufanele zinikeze ukusebenza okulinganayo ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ukugcoba ingaphansi kwengcindezi ekhulayo yokuhlangabezana namazinga aqinile ekhwalithi, eqhutshwa ukwanda kwesidingo semikhiqizo ekhethekile kanye nezikhathi zokulethwa ezimfushane.
Izinqubo zokuxuba amafutha okugcoba kanye nokukhiqiza uwoyela wokugcoba zincike kakhulu ekulawulweni okunembile kobuningi bamafutha okugcoba kanye nokuthamba ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka komkhiqizo. Amafutha okugcoba aphezulu asebenza kahle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okunzima, kuyilapho amafutha okugcoba aphansi enzelwe izinhlelo zesivinini esikhulu, ezinomthwalo ophansi.amamitha e-viscosity kawoyela we-lubevumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bahlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezahlukahlukene ngenkathi beqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuchithwa kwemfucuza okuncishisiwe, kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso.
I-Viscosity Index ye-Lubricant inqunywa kanjani?
Ukunquma i-Viscosity Index kuhilela inqubo ejwayelekile. Ifomula yokubala i-VI yile:
Kuphi:
- U yi-viscosity yesithambisi ku-40°C.
- I-L iyi-viscosity eku-40°C yamafutha abhekiselwe kuwo ane-VI = 0, efanisa i-viscosity yesithambisi ku-100°C.
- I-H iyi-viscosity eku-40°C yamafutha abhekiselwe kuwo ane-VI = 100, efanisa i-viscosity yesithambisi ku-100°C.
Kumafutha ane-viscosity ephezulu (i-kinematic viscosity ku-100°C > 70 cSt), ifomula ye-logarithmic eguquliwe isetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukunemba. Le ndlela ivumela abakhiqizi ukuthi balinganise ukuqina kwezinga lokushisa le-lubricant, baqinisekise ukuthi ihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezicelo enqubweni yokuxuba i-lubricant.
Inqubo Yokuhlanganisa Nokukhiqiza Amafutha Okuthambisa
Ukuxuba uwoyela wokugcoba kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokukhetha izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuxuba, kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi. Amafutha ayisisekelo—amaminerali, awenziwe, noma awenziwe kancane—atholakala ekuhlanzeni uwoyela ongahluziwe ngokusebenzisa i-vacuum distillation, ukukhipha i-solvent, kanye ne-hydrofinishing ukuze kufezwe izakhiwo ezifiselekayo njenge-viscosity, i-viscosity index, kanye ne-pour point. Lawa mafutha ayisisekelo ahlanganiswa nezithasiselo, njenge-viscosity index improvers, ama-anti-wear agents, ama-detergent, kanye nama-antioxidants, ukuthuthukisa izici zokusebenza njengokuzinza kokushisa kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Inqubo yokukhiqiza amafutha okugcoba ihilela:
- Ukukhetha uwoyela Oyisisekelo: Ukukhetha uwoyela wamaminerali noma wokwenziwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokusetshenziswa.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezithako: Ukuhlanganisa izithako ezifana nezilungisi ze-viscosity ukuze kulungiswe izakhiwo.
- Ukuxuba: Ukuxuba ezimweni ezilawulwayo usebenzisa amathangi amakhulu anezixube ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyafana.
- Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi: Ukuhlola i-viscosity, ukuminyana, i-flash point, kanye neminye imingcele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso.
- Ukupakishwa Nokusatshalaliswa: Ukufaka amabhodlela noma ukufaka amabhodlela ukuze kuthunyelwe emakethe.
Le nqubo ecophelelayo iqinisekisa ukuthi amafutha okugcoba asebenza ngokwethembeka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene kusukela ezinjinini zezimoto kuya emishinini yezimboni, kanti ukuminyana kwamafutha okugcoba kanye nokuthamba kwawo kusebenza njengezinkomba ezibalulekile zekhwalithi.
Ukuqina Okuphezulu vs. Ukuqina Okuphansi Uwoyela Wokugcoba
Ukukhetha phakathi kwamafutha okugcoba ane-viscosity ephezulu kanye nama-hinges kawoyela ane-viscosity ephansi kuncike ezidingweni zokusebenza kwesicelo. Ama-lubricant ane-viscosity ephezulu afanele ukusetshenziswa okunzima, njengamafutha egiya noma amafutha asetshenziswa emishinini yokwakha noma kuma-bearings embonini yensimbi, lapho:
- Yakha ifilimu eqinile yokuvikela ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana nokuguguleka ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu.
- Thuthukisa amandla okuthwala imithwalo, usekele imishini esindayo.
- Ubamba izinto ezingcolisayo njengokungcola noma imfucumfucu yensimbi, ukuvimbela umonakalo womphezulu.
- Gcina ukuqina emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, uqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekile.
Kodwa-ke, amafutha okugcoba aqine kakhulu angandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nemishini yokucindezela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amafutha okugcoba aqinile afanele ukusetshenziswa kwesivinini esikhulu, okulayisha kancane njengezinjini zezimoto noma izinhlelo ze-hydraulic, okunikeza:
- Ukugeleza okuthuthukisiwe ukuze kujikelezwe kahle futhi kusebenze kahle uma kuqala.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncishisiwe ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwangaphakathi okuphansi.
- Ukwanda kokushabalaliswa kokushisa ezinhlelweni zesivinini esikhulu.
Noma kunjalo, uwoyela onciphile ungase wehluleke ukunikeza isivikelo esanele ngaphansi kwemithwalo ephezulu, okuholela ekugugeni.
Ukungasebenzi Kahle Kokusebenza
Ukungafihlisi kanye Nokudilizwa Kwezinto: Kuholela ekungasebenzi kahle kokusebenza.
Ukwanda Kokungqubuzana Nokushisa
Ubukhulu obukhulu buvimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi, kusheshise ukubola futhi kwakheke i-varnish noma udaka.
Izingozi Ezibangelwa Ukuminyana Okuphezulu Kakhulu Noma Okuphansi Kakhulu
Ukuthamba okungalungile kumafutha okugcoba kungaholela ezinseleleni ezinkulu zokusebenza, okubonisa izinkinga ezibonakala ezinqubweni ezifana nenqubo yokubilisa i-penicillin lapho ukulawulwa okunembile kubalulekile khona. Uwoyela wokugcoba othamba kakhulu udala izingozi ezifana nalezi:
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okuphezulu: Kudingeka amandla engeziwe ukuze kunqotshwe ukumelana, okwandisa izindleko.
- Ukusebenza Okubi Kokuqala Ngokubandayo: Ukuncipha kokumpompa kuyingozi ekulimaleni kwemishini emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uwoyela wokugcoba one-viscosity ephansi ungabangela:
- Ukwakheka Kwefilimu Okungafanele: Ukuvikelwa kobuso okunganele kwandisa ukuguguleka kanye nokwehluleka kwezingxenye.
- Ukuzwela Okukhulu Kokungcola: Amafutha amancane awasebenzi kahle ekubambeni imfucumfucu.
- Ukwanda Kokungqubuzana Nokushisa: Kukhuthaza ukuxinana futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwamafutha.
Lezi zingozi zigcizelela isidingo sokulawula inqubo yokuxuba uwoyela wokugcoba kusetshenziswa ukuqapha kwe-viscosity ngesikhathi sangempela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulinganayo.
Inani Lokulinganiswa Kokugoba Kumugqa Wenqubo Yokuzenzakalela
Ukufaka isilinganiso se-viscosity yesikhathi sangempela ekuxubeni emigqeni yenqubo ezenzakalelayo kuguqula inqubo yokukhiqiza amafutha, okunikeza:
- Ukuhlanganisa Ngokunembile: Kuqinisekisa ukulingana, kuvimbela ama-batches angacacisiwe kanye nokuhlanganiswa kabusha okubizayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kahle Kwezindleko: Kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela okwehlayo, kanye nokungenelela ngesandla.
- Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi: Kugcina ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ezifana ne-ASTM D445, okuqinisekisa ukwamukelwa kwemakethe.
- Ukuthuthukisa Inqubo: Kunciphisa izikhathi zokuxuba ngenkathi kufinyelela izakhiwo ezifanayo.
- Ukusabalala: Kusekela ukuguquka okungenamthungo kusuka ekukhiqizeni okujwayelekile kuya kokugcwele.
- Ukutholwa Kwenkinga Esebenzayo: Kubona ukungcola noma amaphutha okuxuba ngokushesha, kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Ngokwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity, abakhiqizi bafeza ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi esifanele, bathuthukise ukuguquguquka, futhi bahlangabezane nezidingo zemakethe yokuncintisana, njengokunemba okudingekayo ekuvuthweni okuqhubekayo kwe-penicillin.
Izinselele Ngokuqapha Inqubo Yendabuko
Ukuqapha inqubo yendabuko ekuxubeni amafutha kuncike kakhulu ekuhlolweni kwesampula okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kanye nokuhlolwa okusekelwe elabhorethri, njenge-Saybolt Universal Viscometer, eletha izinselele ezinkulu:
- Ukulibaziseka Kwesikhathi: Ukuthatha amasampula kanye nokuhlaziywa kwelebhu kuletha ukubambezeleka, okuphazamisa ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela.
- Ukungalungi: Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokusika ngesikhathi sokuhlola ukwethembeka kwedatha.
- Ukuqina Kwabasebenzi: Ukusampula ngesandla kwandisa izindleko zokusebenza kanye nezingozi zamaphutha abantu.
- Izingozi Zokungcoliswa: Izindlela zokuthatha amasampula ezingahambisani zingaletha amaphutha noma ukungcoliswa okuxubile.
- Ukukhuliswa Okulinganiselwe: Izindlela ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ziyahluleka ukuhambisana nezidingo zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Lokhu kulinganiselwa kwenza izindlela zendabuko zingafaneleki ezitshalweni zesimanje zokuxuba uwoyela we-lube, lapho isivinini, ukunemba, kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuncintisana.
Ukubaluleka Kokulinganisa Kwesikhathi Sangempela Ekuxubeni
Ukulinganiswa kwe-viscosity yesikhathi sangempela kuguqula inqubo yokuxuba amafutha ngokunikeza idatha esheshayo nenembile eqhuba ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Ukususwa Kokuxuba Kabusha: Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukuxubana okuqondile, kunciphisa izindleko zokuchitha kanye namandla.
- Ukungenelela Okuncishisiwe Kwezandla: Ukuzenzakalela kunciphisa ukubandakanyeka komqhubi, kunciphisa izindleko namaphutha.
- Izikhathi Zokuhlanganisa Ezilungiselelwe: Ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kuvimbela ukuxubana ngokweqile noma okunganele, okusindisa isikhathi kanye nezinsiza.
- Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezokuthutha: Ukuhlaziywa kwendawo kunciphisa isidingo sokuhlolwa kwelebhu ngaphandle kwendawo, kunciphisa izindleko zokuthumela.
- Izinzuzo Zemvelo: Kukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela, kunciphisa imfucuza kanye nomthelela emvelweni.
- Ukuxilongwa Okuthuthukisiwe: Kulandelela izinguquko zesimo samafutha, okuvumela ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kokungcola noma ukuwohloka.
Isixazululo Somkhiqizo weLonnmeter: Imitha Yokugoba Amafutha Okugcotshwa
Amamitha okuthambisela uwoyela eLonnmeter aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezinzima zezinqubo zokukhiqiza uwoyela wokuthambisela, anikeza izixazululo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Ububanzi Bokugoba: Kulinganiselwa ku-10–10,000,000 cP, okuhambisana nezinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi.
- Ukuqina Kokushisa Okuphezulu: Isebenza kuze kufike ku-350°C, ifanele izindawo ezigugile kakhulu.
- Ukuqapha Izinga Lokushisa Elihlanganisiwe: Isebenzisa imitha ye-viscosity yamafutha e-lube enokunemba okuphezulu ukuze kufundwe i-viscosity enembile ekhokhelwa izinga lokushisa.
- Ukuzenzakalela Okungenamthungo: Kuhlangana nezinhlelo ze-PLC kanye ne-DCS zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo.
- Umklamo Oqinile: Izinzwa ezincane, ezingenakho ukulungiswa ezingenazo izinto ezisetshenziswayo, eziqinisekisa ukuthembeka.
- Ukugcina Idatha Nokuphepha: Ukugcina idatha ngokuzenzakalelayo ngamakhodi esikhathi, ukuvimbela izinguquko ezingagunyaziwe futhi kuvumela ukuhlaziywa kwemikhuba.
Amamitha kaLonnmeter, afana ne-Rheonics' SRV kanye ne-SRD, ahlinzeka ngezilinganiso ze-viscosity kanye nobuningi obuqondile, asuse ukungalungi kwezindlela zendabuko njenge-Saybolt viscometer. Amandla awo okuphatha uketshezi olungeyona i-Newtonian aqinisekisa ikhwalithi eqhubekayo ekuxubeni amafutha, okusekela ukusetshenziswa kusukela ekwakhiweni kuya ekukhiqizweni kokugcina.
Ukwazi ukulawula i-viscosity kuletha ikhwalithi ehambisanayo, kunciphisa izindleko, kuthuthukise ukusabalala, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ezifana ne-ASTM D445. Xhumana ne-Lonnmeter namuhla ukuze uhlole izixazululo zabo zokulinganisa i-viscosity zesimanje futhi uguqule inqubo yakho yokukhiqiza!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-14-2025
