MUkunciphisa izinga loketshezi ematangini asetshenziswa izikhungo zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor kudinga izixazululo ezibekezelela ukucindezeleka kwe-cryogenic, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokulawulwa okuqinile kokungcola. Ukukhetha kokulinganisa kumele kubeke phambili ukungaphazamisi, impendulo esheshayo eku-inthanethi, kanye nokugcinwa okuncane ukuvikela isivuno kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukukhishwa Okuqhubekayo Ku-inthanethi Okufanelekile Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo Nokuxhumana Kokuphepha
Imiphumela eqhubekayo, yesikhathi sangempela iyimpoqo ekulawulweni kwenqubo kanye nokuxhumana kokuphepha ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor. Imiphumela ekhethwayo ifaka phakathi i-4–20 mA enezinhlobo ze-HART, i-Modbus, noma i-Ethernet zokuxhumeka okuqondile kwe-PLC/DCS. Qinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi isekela izindlela zokuphepha kanye nama-alamu alungisekayo ezimweni eziphezulu/eziphansi, zesilinganiso sokushintsha, kanye nokulahlekelwa yisignali. Isibonelo: umphumela oqhubekayo we-4–20 mA oboshwe ku-solenoid yokugcwalisa ithangi uvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile lapho izinga liwela umkhawulo ongahleleka.
Ukungavikeleki Kumhwamuko, Igwebu, Ukuxokozela, kanye Nezakhiwo Zemidiya Ezishintshayo
Amathangi okugcina izinto akhiqiza ama-cryogenic blankets, i-stratification, kanye ne-turbulence ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Khetha ubuchwepheshe obunamandla okuzivikela ekucindezelekeni kwamanga kanye ne-turbulence engaphezulu.Umthumeli wezinga le-radarubuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zokudlulisa izinga le-radar yamagagasi eziqondiswayo zinganqaba ukubuyiselwa okungamanga uma zilungiselelwe kahle. Phikelela ekucutshungulweni kwesignali okulungisekayo, ukubuka i-echo curve, kanye nokuhlunga okwakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze ugweme amaphutha ezingeni abangelwa umusi, igwebu, noma ukuchaphaza. Isibonelo: umthumeli we-radar osebenzisa izilungiselelo zokucubungula isignali ezithuthukisiwe akanaki ungqimba lomphunga oludlulayo ngesikhathi sokubilisa.
Ukulinganiswa Kwezinga Le-Nitrogen Eliwuketshezi
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Ukungena Okuncane Kwemishini Futhi Akukho Zingxenye Ezinyakazayo
Nciphisa ingozi yokuvuza nokulungisa ngokukhetha izinzwa ezingenazo izingxenye ezihambayo kanye nokungena okuncane ngamathangi okugcina acijile afakwe ku-vacuum insulated cryogenic. I-radar engathintani efakwe ku-nozzle ephezulu ekhona igwema ama-probe amade futhi inciphisa ukubopha okushisa. Izinketho ze-radar yamagagasi aqondiswa yi-probe emfushane zingangena kuma-flange amancane akhona angenawo ama-deep bores. Cacisa izinto zokwakha kanye nosayizi we-flange ohambisana namajakethi e-vacuum kanye nezimbozo ze-cryogenic ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho bethangi. Isibonelo: khetha i-radar engathintani efakwe phezulu ukuze ususe i-probe ende engangena ku-insulation.
Ukuxilongwa, Ukulungiswa Okubikezelayo, Nokuxazulula Izinkinga Okulula
Ama-transmitter asezingeni eliphezulu kumele afake ukuxilongwa kanye nezinsiza ezilula zokuxazulula izinkinga ukuze kwandiswe ukutholakala kwezitshalo. Kudinga ukuxilongwa okusebhodini njengokubonisa i-echo-curve, izilinganiso zamandla esignali, ukuhlolwa kobuqotho be-probe, kanye nezinzwa zokushisa. Ukusekelwa kokuxilongwa okukude kanye nama-log amaphutha kusheshisa ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yezimpande. Izexwayiso zokubikezela—njengokwehlisa amandla esignali noma izinkomba zokungcola kwe-probe—kusiza ukuhlela ukungenelela ngaphambi kokuvala. Isibonelo: i-transmitter ebhala ukuncipha kwe-echo kancane kancane ingakhuthaza ukuhlanzwa kokwakheka ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwehluleka.
Ikhono Lokulinganisa Amazinga E-Interface Ezimweni Ezihlukahlukene
Ukulinganisa izixhumi ezisebenza ngoketshezi/umhwamuko noma ezimweni zezendlalelo ezihlanganisiwe kudinga amasu angakwazi ukuxazulula ukungafani okuncane kwe-dielectric. Ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa izinga le-GWR kanye nezinsimbi zokudlulisa izinga le-radar yamagagasi eziqondiswayo zizwa izixhumi lapho ukungafani kwe-dielectric kukhona khona phakathi kwezingqimba. Ngokuqondene ne-nitrogen ewuketshezi, ukungafani okuphansi kwe-dielectric phakathi koketshezi nomhwamuko kunciphisa ukuxazululwa kwesixhumi; nciphisa lokhu ngezilinganiso ezihambisanayo. Hlanganisa i-radar/GWR nephrofayili yokushisa, ingcindezi yomehluko, noma izinzwa eziningi ezizimele ukuqinisekisa indawo yesixhumi. Isibonelo: sebenzisa i-probe ye-GWR ukuthola isixhumi esisebenza ngoketshezi/i-LN2 ngenkathi i-radar ebekwe phezulu iqapha izinga lobuningi.
Ukuhambisana neJiyomethri yeTanki, Ukukhweza Okuqondile, Nokuhlanganiswa Nezinhlelo Zokulawula Izikhungo
Isici senzwa esihambisana namathangi okugcina i-cryogenic afakwe ugesi kanye nama-nozzles atholakalayo. Qinisekisa izinketho zokufaka zezingxenye eziphezulu, eziseceleni, noma ezimfushane eziqondile. Ukufaka ngaphakathi kubhekisela kuma-compact sensors afanela amapayipi akhona noma ama-flanges amancane angenazo izimbobo ezinde; qinisekisa imidwebo yemishini kanye nobubanzi obuncane bezimbobo ngaphambi kokukhetha. Qinisekisa ukuthi izixhumanisi zikagesi nezokuxhumana zihambisana nezindinganiso zesitshalo zezinhlelo zokugcwalisa nokukhipha ithangi okuqhubekayo. Dinga izintambo ezibhaliwe, ukulungiswa kwesignali, kanye nemikhuba yokumisa enconyiwe yezindawo eziqondile. Isibonelo: khetha i-compact guided wave radar probe efanelana ne-nozzle engamasentimitha angu-1.5 futhi inikeze i-4–20 mA/HART ku-DCS ephakathi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Guided Wave Radar (GWR) — isimiso sokusebenza kanye namandla
Isimiso sokulinganisa
I-GWR idlulisa amandla aphansi, i-nanosecond microwave ishaya phansi kwe-probe. Lapho i-pulse ihlangana nomngcele one-dielectric constant ehlukile, ingxenye yamandla iyabuya. I-transmitter ilinganisa ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi phakathi kwama-pulse athunyelwe nabuyisiwe ukuze ibale ibanga eliya ebusweni boketshezi. Kusukela kulelo banga ibala izinga eliphelele noma izinga lesixhumi. Ukuqina kokuzindla kuyanda njengoba i-dielectric constant yomkhiqizo ikhula.
Amandla amathangi okugcina angenawo umoya afakwe i-vacuum kanye ne-LN2
I-GWR inikeza ukufundwa kwezinga eliqondile ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhulu sokubuyisela ubuningi, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, i-viscosity, i-pH, izinga lokushisa, noma izinguquko zengcindezi. Lokhu kuzinza kuhambisana nezixazululo ze-nitrogen eziwuketshezi ematangini okugcina e-cryogenic afakwe i-vacuum insulated, lapho izakhiwo zoketshezi kanye nezimo zomusi zivame ukuhluka khona. I-GWR ithola ngqo izixhumanisi zoketshezi-umhwamuko kanye noketshezi-uketshezi, ngakho-ke isebenza ekulinganisweni kwezinga le-nitrogen eliwuketshezi kanye nokuqapha izixhumanisi ezinhlelweni zokugcwalisa nokukhipha ithangi okuqhubekayo.
Isiqondiso se-probe sivimba amandla e-microwave eceleni kwe-probe. Lokhu kuvalelwa kwenza izilinganiso zingabi nandaba kakhulu nesimo se-tank, ukufakwa kwangaphakathi, kanye nama-geometri amancane e-tank. Leyo ndlela eqondiswa yi-probe inciphisa ukuzwela ekwakhiweni kwegumbi futhi yenza kube lula ukufakwa ezitsheni eziqinile noma eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivamile ezitshalweni zokwenza ama-wafer kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor.
I-GWR isebenza futhi ezimweni zenqubo eziyinselele. Igcina ukunemba komusi, uthuli, ukuxokozela, kanye ne-foam. Lezo zici zenza i-GWR ibe ithuluzi lokulinganisa izinga eliku-inthanethi elisebenzayo lapho kukhethwa khona amasu okulinganisa angaphazamisi. Ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa izinga le-GWR bufanelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zokudlulisa izinga loketshezi lapho amasu okubona noma okuntantayo ehluleka khona.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwemboni
Imithombo yezimboni ezizimele ibona ukulinganiswa kwezinga okusekelwe ku-radar njengokuqinile ezimweni ezinzima. Amathuluzi e-radar anikeza ukunemba nokuthembeka kokulinganisa okwenza kube yizinketho ezisebenzayo kunezinzwa eziningi eziphazamisayo ekusetshenzisweni nasekugcinweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ukubaluleka kokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kwenqubo kanye nokusebenza kwesitshalo
I-GWR ihlangana nezinhlelo zokugcwalisa nokukhipha ithangi okuqhubekayo njengethuluzi lokulinganisa izinga eliku-inthanethi. Isekela ukulinganiswa kwezinga le-nitrogen eliwuketshezi kuma-loop enqubo ngaphandle kokulungiswa kabusha njalo kobuningi noma ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Lokho kunciphisa ukugcinwa ngenkathi kulondolozwa ukulawulwa kwezinga okunembile kwemisebenzi ebucayi ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-wafer nakwezinye izikhungo ze-semiconductor.
Kungani ukhethe ama-transmitter e-GWR angaphakathi kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza ama-wafer
Ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa izinga le-radar yamagagasi aqondiswayo (i-GWR) bugcina ukunemba okuzinzile ezimweni ezi-cryogenic. Umehluko omkhulu we-dielectric phakathi kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi kanye nomhwamuko uveza ukubonakaliswa okucacile kwe-radar. Ukulinganisa okusekelwe ku-probe kuhlala kuphindaphindwa naphezu kwamazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nokuguquguquka kwenqubo okushintshayo.
Ama-probe e-GWR awanazo izingxenye ezihambayo. Ukungabikho kwezindlela zemishini kunciphisa imvamisa yokulungiswa kabusha futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokukhiqizwa kwezinhlayiya. Lokho kunciphisa ingozi yokungcoliswa ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor lapho izidingo zobumsulwa ziqinile khona.
Izinketho zokufaka i-probe ephezulu noma eqondile zinciphisa ukungena kwenqubo kanye namathuba okuvuza. I-probe efakwe e-flange ephezulu isebenzisa ukungena okukodwa okulinganiselwe ukucindezela ophahleni lomkhumbi. I-probe eqondile ingena echwebeni elincane lenqubo noma engxenyeni ye-spool, okuvumela ukususwa kalula ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okukhulu komkhumbi. Isibonelo: ukufaka i-transmitter yezinga le-radar yamagagasi eqondiswayo ethangini lokugcina i-cryogenic elifakwe nge-vacuum nge-1.5
I-Lonnmeter Guided Wave Radar Inline Level Transmitter
Amandla Okulinganisa Nokuthembeka Kwamanzi Ane-Cryogenic
Ama-transmitter e-radar wave level aqondiswa yi-Lonnmeter asebenzisa i-probe-guided microwave pulse ukulandelela ubuso boketshezi ngokuphindaphindwa kwe-sub-millimeter. Umklamo we-probe kanye nokucubungula i-echo kuphatha ama-dielectric constants aphansi kanye nama-vapor blankets avamile ezixazululweni ze-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza i-wafer kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor, lokhu kunikeza ukufundwa okuhambisanayo emathangini okugcina i-cryogenic afakwe i-vacuum kanye nezinhlelo zokugcwalisa nokukhipha ithangi okuqhubekayo.
Kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinga le-SIL2 ngenkathi kugwema ukungena okwengeziwe
I-transmitter iqinisekiswe ngokuphepha yi-SIL2, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kuma-loop anezinsimbi zokuphepha ngaphandle kokwengeza amadivayisi ahlukene okuphepha kwezinga. Umklamo wayo wokungena womugqa owodwa ugcina ubuqotho bemvilophu yethangi, unciphisa izindlela zokuvuza emathangini okugcina afakwe i-vacuum insulated cryogenic. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yezinqubo ezibalulekile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor lapho ukugcina i-vacuum kanye ne-insulation kubalulekile khona.
Isithumeli esiguquguqukayo sinciphisa inani lezinsimbi kanye nokungena kwenqubo
I-radar yamagagasi eqondiswayo eguquguqukayo kaLonnmeter inikeza amazinga kanye nezinye izinguquko zenqubo ezivela kudivayisi eyodwa. Ukuhlanganisa amazinga, isibonakaliso sesibonisi/ubuningi kanye nokuxilongwa okususelwa ekushiseni noma ekuxineni kususa amathuluzi ahlukene. Ukungena okumbalwa kuthuthukisa ubuqotho be-vacuum, kunciphisa umsebenzi wokufaka, kanye nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi bezinhlelo zokusebenza zokudlulisa ezingeni loketshezi.
Ukuxilongwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi, ukulungiswa kokubikezela, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga okulula
Ukuxilongwa kwe-onboard kuqapha ikhwalithi yesiginali, isimo se-probe, kanye nokuqina kwe-echo ngesikhathi sangempela. Izexwayiso zokubikezela zibonisa ukusebenza okuwohlokayo ngaphambi kokwehluleka, kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe kanye nesikhathi esimaphakathi sokulungisa. Ochwepheshe bangasebenzisa ama-echo traces agciniwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinhlelweni zokugcwalisa nokukhipha ithangi okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okuhlaselayo.
Yakhelwe amathangi amancane kanye namajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi; isebenza kahle ngomusi, ukuxokozela, kanye negwebu
I-probe eqondiswayo kanye nokucubungula isignali okuthuthukisiwe kufaneleka emikhumbini emfushane nevaliwe. I-transmitter ithola ngokuthembekile izinga emathangini amancane, entanyeni emincane, kanye namajiyometri angajwayelekile atholakala emikhumbini yokuhlinzeka nge-LN2 yamathuluzi eqembu. Iphinde ihlukanise ukuzwakala koketshezi kwangempela kusuka kumusi, ukuxokozela, kanye ne-foam, okwenza kube wusizo ekulinganisweni kwezinga le-nitrogen eliwuketshezi ezitshalweni ezidinga kakhulu.
Ama-pulse e-microwave anamandla aphansi anciphisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemidiya ye-cryogenic
Ama-microwave pulses anamandla aphansi anciphisa ukushisa kwendawo futhi anciphise ukubila lapho kulinganiswa uketshezi oluyi-cryogenic. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi futhi kugcina ukuzinza kokushisa emathangini okugcina i-cryogenic afakwe i-vacuum insulated. Le ndlela igcina impahla ye-cryogen futhi isekela ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor ezizwelayo.
Izibonelo ezifakwe ngenhla: esitshalweni sokukhiqiza i-wafer, iyunithi eyodwa ye-radar yamaza eqondiswa yi-Lonnmeter ingathatha indawo yenzwa yezinga kanye ne-density probe ku-dewar encane ye-LN2, igcine ukungena okukodwa odongeni lwethangi, futhi inikeze ama-alamu okubikezela avimbela ukuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza. Kuhlelo lokugcwalisa nokukhipha ithangi oluqhubekayo, idivayisi efanayo igcina ukulawula kwezinga okunembile ngama-blankets omusi kanye ne-foam engapheli ngaphandle kokwengeza umthwalo wokushisa ku-cryogen.
Ukufakwa nokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokufaka nokuhlanganisa amathangi okugcina angenawo umoya afakwe i-vacuum insulated cryogenic
Isu lokukhweza: i-inline probe vs. phezulu-phansi
Izikhonkwane ezisuka phezulu ziye phansi zinciphisa ukungena ngejazi le-vacuum futhi zinciphisa izindlela zokuvuza. Zibeka inzwa entanjeni ephakathi futhi zinciphise ukuchayeka kuma-inlet jets. Sebenzisa phezulu kuya phansi uma i-geometry yethangi kanye nokufinyelela kwesevisi kuvumela.
Ama-probe asemgqeni (asemaceleni) avumela ukufinyelela okulula kokulungiswa futhi angabekwa eduze kwamapayipi enqubo ukuze kulawulwe ngokuhlangene. Ama-mounts asemgqeni andisa inani lokungena futhi adinga ukuvalwa ngokucophelela nokulungiswa ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho be-vacuum. Khetha ukufakwa okusemgqeni lapho ukuseviswa noma ukuhlanganiswa nemigqa yokugcwalisa nokukhipha eqhubekayo kubalulekile.
Linganisa isinqumo kulezi zici: inani lokuphulwa kwe-vacuum, ukulula kokugcinwa, ukufakwa kwethangi langaphakathi, nokuthi indawo yokulinganisa ithinta kanjani ukuzinza kokufunda ngaphansi kwezimo zokugeleza ezitholakala ezitshalweni zokwenza ama-wafer kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngokuvala nokufaka uphawu ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho be-vacuum
Ukungena ngakunye kumele kulinganiswe nge-vacuum futhi kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka emazingeni okushisa ashubile. Khetha izivalo ze-flange zensimbi kuya kwensimbi noma izinhlelo ze-gasket ezikwazi ushubile ezenzelwe ukujikeleza okuphindaphindiwe kokushisa. Gwema izivalo ze-polymer ngaphandle kokuthi zilinganiswe ngokucacile ku--196 °C.
Sebenzisa izindlela zokuphakela ezihlanganisiwe lapho kungenzeka khona ekufakweni okuhlala njalo. Lapho kudingeka khona izinzwa ezisuswayo, faka i-flange enezimbobo eziningi noma i-bellows assembly ene-vacuum pump-out port ezinikele. Nikeza izimbobo zokuhlola i-vacuum eduze kwezimbobo zezinzwa ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bejakethi ngemva kokufakwa.
Yakha ama-flange nama-seal ukuze avumelane nokufinyela kokushisa. Faka izinto eziguquguqukayo noma imikhono eshelelayo ukuze uvimbele ukucindezeleka endaweni yokungena ngesikhathi sokupholisa. Qinisekisa ukuthi ihadiwe yokubamba i-flange iyatholakala ngaphandle kokuphula ijakethi ye-vacuum lapho kungenzeka khona.
Ubude beprobe kanye nokukhetha kwezinto ukuze kuhambisane ne-cryogenic
Khetha izinto ezigcina ukuqina futhi zimelana nokuqhekeka ekushiseni kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi. Izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezihambisana ne-cryogenic (isibonelo, i-metallurgy yekilasi le-316L) ziyindinganiso yama-probe. Cabanga ngama-alloy anwebeka kancane kuma-probe amade kakhulu ukuze unciphise ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kwe-probe nethangi.
Ubude beprobe kufanele bufinyelele kahle esitsheni sangaphakathi ngaphansi kwezinga eliphezulu loketshezi elilindelekile nangaphezulu kwendawo yesediment engezansi. Gwema amaprobe athinta phansi kwethangi noma ama-baffle angaphakathi. Ukuze uthole ithangi elide elifakwe i-vacuum insulation, vumela isibonelelo sokushisa esingamamilimitha amaningana ngemitha ngayinye yobude beprobe.
Ukuze ufake ama-transmitter e-radar yamagagasi aqondiswayo, sebenzisa ama-probe e-rigid rod noma ama-probe e-coaxial alinganiselwe isevisi ye-cryogenic. Ama-probe ohlobo lwekhebula angase aqoqe i-condensate noma iqhwa futhi awathandwa kakhulu emathangini ane-boil-off enzima noma i-sloshing. Cacisa ukuphela kwendawo kanye nekhwalithi ye-weld ukuze ugweme izindawo ze-nucleation zokwakheka kweqhwa.
Isibonelo: isitsha sangaphakathi esingamamitha angu-3.5 singadinga i-probe engu-3.55–3.60 m ukuze sibheke ukufinyela kanye nobukhulu be-flange yokufaka. Qinisekisa ubukhulu bokugcina ekushiseni okulindelekile kokusebenza.
Ukuhlanganiswa nezimo zokugcwalisa nokukhipha ishaja okuqhubekayo
Beka inzwa yeleveli kude nejethi yokungena kanye neyokuphuma ukuze uvimbele ukufundwa okungamanga ekuphazamisekeni. Njengomthetho wesithupha, thola ama-probe okungenani ububanzi bethangi elilodwa kusuka kuma-port amakhulu okungena noma okuphuma, noma ngemuva kwama-baffle angaphakathi. Uma ukulinganiselwa kwesikhala kuvimbela lokhu, sebenzisa izinzwa eziningi noma usebenzise ukucubungula isignali ukuze wenqabe ama-echoes esikhashana.
Gwema ukufaka i-probe ngqo emfudlaneni wokugcwalisa. Ezinhlelweni zokugcwalisa nokukhipha ishaja njalo, ukwakheka kwezingqimba zokuhlukanisa kanye nezendlalelo zokushisa kungakheka; beka inzwa lapho isampula khona uketshezi oluxutshwe kahle, ngokuvamile eduze komugqa ophakathi wesikebhe noma ngaphakathi komthombo wokumisa owenziwe ngobunjiniyela. Umthombo wokumisa noma ithubhu eliphakathi lingahlukanisa inzwa ekugelezeni futhi lithuthukise ukunemba ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa okusheshayo.
Ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-wafer lapho ukulethwa okuqhubekayo kwe-nitrogen ewuketshezi kwenzeka khona ngesikhathi sokuhlanza amathuluzi, setha izindawo zokulinganisa kanye nezihlungi ukuze zinganaki ama-spikes esikhathi esifushane. Sebenzisa i-average, i-moving-window smoothing, noma i-echo-tracking logic ku-transmitter output ukuze ucindezele ama-alamu angamanga avela kuma-slugs amafushane.
Izinqubo zokuxhuma izintambo, ukusekela phansi, kanye ne-EMC ukuze kusebenze kahle i-radar
Dlulisa izintambo zesignali ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokungenisa umoya ezilinganiselwe nge-vacuum kanye nokufakwa kokushintsha kokushisa. Sebenzisa izintambo ezivikelwe, ezisontekile noma ezihlanganisiwe njengoba kudingeka ubuchwepheshe be-radar obukhethiwe. Gcina izintambo zifushane futhi ugweme ukuzibopha ngezintambo zikagesi.
Misa ireferensi yomhlabathi enephuzu elilodwa yendlu yezinzwa kanye nemishini kagesi ukuvimbela izihibe zomhlabathi. Bopha izihlangu emhlabeni kolunye uhlangothi kuphela ngaphandle kokuthi isiqondiso somkhiqizi sisho okuhlukile. Faka izivikelo zokukhuphuka kanye nezicindezeli zesikhashana ezindaweni ezinde zekhebula eziwela igceke noma izindawo zokusetshenziswa.
Nciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic ngokuhlukanisa izintambo zenzwa kuma-drive aguquguqukayo, ama-motor feeders, kanye ne-high-voltage buswork. Sebenzisa ama-ferrite cores kanye ne-conduit lapho kudingeka khona. Ukuze ufake ama-transmitter e-radar level wave radar, gcina ukuqhubeka kwe-impedance okuphawulekayo ku-feedthrough kanye ne-connector interfaces ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho besignali.
Umhlahlandlela wokusetshenziswa (indlela enconyiwe yezigaba)
Isigaba sokuhlola: ukuhlola amathangi, izimo zenqubo, kanye nezidingo zesistimu yokulawula
Qala ngokuhlola ithangi elingokoqobo. Qopha i-geometry yethangi, izindawo ze-nozzle, isikhala sokushisa, kanye nama-port atholakalayo ezinsimbi. Qaphela ukufinyelela kwesikhala se-vacuum kanye nanoma yimaphi amabhuloho okushisa athinta ukubekwa kwenzwa.
Bamba izimo zenqubo kufaka phakathi ukucindezela okuvamile nokusebenza okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa lesikhala somhwamuko, amazinga okugcwalisa, kanye nokwehla noma ukukhuphuka okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa nokukhipha ithangi okuqhubekayo. Bhala phansi amaphethini ajikelezayo asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-wafer kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza ze-semiconductor.
Chaza izidingo zesistimu yokulawula kusenesikhathi. Cacisa izinhlobo zesignali (4 20 mA, HART, Modbus), ama-alamu ahlukile, kanye namazinga okubuyekezwa alindelekile amathuluzi okulinganisa amazinga aku-inthanethi. Thola amabhendi okunemba adingekayo kanye namazinga obuqotho bokuphepha.
Okulethwayo kusukela ekuhlolweni kufanele kufake ishidi lesibonakude, imidwebo yokumisa, uhlu lwezindlela zokulinganisa ezingaphazamisi ezikhethwayo, kanye ne-I/O matrix yesistimu yokulawula.
Ukufakwa kwendiza: ukuqinisekiswa kwethangi elilodwa kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhlanganiswa ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcwalisa/zokukhipha okuqhubekayo
Shayela ethangini elilodwa elimele i-vacuum insulated cryogenic storage tank. Faka i-transmitter yezinga elikhethiwe bese usebenzisa imijikelezo yokusebenza ephelele. Qinisekisa izinga lokulinganisa uketshezi emathangini ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa nokukhipha ithangi okuqhubekayo, kufaka phakathi ukugcwalisa okusheshayo kanye nokuconsa kancane.
Sebenzisa i-pilot ukuqhathanisa ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa ezingeni le-radar, ukusebenza kokudlulisa ezingeni le-radar yamagagasi aqondisiwe, kanye nezinye izithumeli zezinga elithuthukile endaweni efanayo yethangi uma kungenzeka. Qopha isikhathi sokuphendula, ukuzinza, kanye nokuthambekela komusi, igwebu, noma ukujiya. Kwi-radar yamagagasi aqondisiwe, qinisekisa ukuthi izinto ze-probe zibekezelela ukujiya kwe-cryogenic kanye nokugeleza komoya kuvala ngokuthembekile.
Yenza izivivinyo zokuhlanganiswa ne-PLC noma i-DCS. Qinisekisa imikhawulo ye-alamu, ama-interlock, amathegi e-historian, kanye nokuxilongwa okukude. Sebenzisa okungenani amasonto amabili okujikeleza okuxubile ukuze uthwebule amacala onqenqema. Qoqa ukunemba okuyisisekelo, ukukhukhuleka, kanye nemicimbi yokulungisa.
Isibonelo: esikhungweni sokukhiqiza se-semiconductor, sebenzisa i-pilot ngomjikelezo ojwayelekile wokudla okuphekiwe wamahora angama-24. Imiphumela yokudlulisela izinga lelogi iphikisana namavolumu okugcwalisa aziwayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-gauge yesibili. Landelela amaphutha ngesikhathi sokugeleza okuphezulu.
Ukukhishwa: ukuthunyelwa okugcwele kunethiwekhi yokugcina isitoreji se-cryogenic ngokulungiswa okujwayelekile kanye nokuxilongwa
Lungisa ukucushwa kwedivayisi ekhethiwe ngemva kokuqinisekiswa kwe-pilot. Khiya ubude be-probe, ama-flange okufaka, ukufakwa kwekhebula, kanye nezilungiselelo zokudlulisela. Dala iphakheji yokuhambisa enezilungiselelo zemodeli, ze-serial, kanye ne-calibration zosayizi ngamunye wethangi.
Sebenzisa ukuxilongwa okuhambisanayo kanye ne-alamu logic kuwo wonke amathangi. Qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi ngalinye lokulinganisa izinga eliku-inthanethi liveza amaphrofayili e-echo, amafulegi okuzihlola, kanye nesimo sempilo ohlelweni lokulawula. Ukuxilongwa okujwayelekile kusheshisa ukuxazulula izinkinga emathangini amaningi okugcina afakwe i-vacuum insulated cryogenic.
Hlela ukukhishwa kwamagagasi ukuze unciphise ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo. Hlela ukufakwa ngesikhathi samafasitela okulungisa ahleliwe. Faka phakathi izipele, ama-rig okulinganisa, kanye namathuluzi alinganiselwe nge-cryogenic. Buyekeza amamephu enethiwekhi kanye nemibhalo ye-I/O yenzwa ngayinye esetshenzisiwe.
Isibonelo se-cadence yokukhishwa: faka amathangi enqubo ebalulekile kuqala, bese kuba amathangi okugcina esibili. Qinisekisa igagasi ngalinye ngokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinsuku ezimbili ngemva kokufakwa ngaphansi kwamaphethini ajwayelekile okugcwalisa/ukukhipha.
Ukudluliselwa kanye nokuqeqeshwa: ukuqeqeshwa komqhubi kanye nokugcinwa kwempahla enezinhlelo zokusebenza ezicacile zokuqapha kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga
Nikeza ukuqeqeshwa komqhubi okuhlelekile okuhlobene nama-SOP. Mboza ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kokulinganiswa kwezinga le-nitrogen eliwuketshezi, impendulo ye-alamu, kanye nokuhumusha okuyisisekelo kwe-echo. Qeqesha omqhubi ukuthi aqaphele izindlela ezivamile zokwehluleka njengokulahlekelwa yi-echo, ukufundwa okungazinzile ngesikhathi sokushelela, kanye namaphutha ezintambo.
Nikeza ukuqeqeshwa kokulungisa okugxile ekuphepheni kwe-cryogenic, ukuhlolwa kwe-probe, izinqubo zokulinganisa, kanye nezinyathelo zokufaka esikhundleni. Faka izivivinyo zezandla zokususa nokufaka kabusha ama-probe noma ama-sensor clamp angaphazamisi ngenkathi ulondoloza ubuqotho be-vacuum.
Nikeza amadokhumenti e-SOP acacile. Ama-SOP kufanele abhale izinqubo ezilandelanayo: ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kwe-transmitter yezinga, ukwenza ukulinganiswa kwensimu, ukuhlukanisa nokufaka esikhundleni i-transmitter, kanye nokwandisa amaphutha aqhubekayo. Faka izibonelo zokugeleza kokuxazulula izinkinga: qala ngamandla nesiginali, bese kuba ikhwalithi ye-echo, bese kuba ukuhlolwa komshini.
Gcina irekhodi lokuqeqeshwa kanye nokusayinwa kwamakhono. Hlela izikhathi zokuvuselela ngezikhathi ezithile ezihambisana nezikhawu zokulinganisa.
Cela ikhotheshini / Ukubizelwa esenzweni
Cela ikhotheshini yama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter Guided Wave Radar asezingeni eliphakathi uma udinga ukulinganiswa okunembile kwezinga le-nitrogen eliwuketshezi ezitshalweni zokwenza i-wafer noma amathangi okugcina afakwe i-vacuum insulated cryogenic. Cacisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza luhilela izinhlelo zokugcwalisa nokukhipha ithangi okuqhubekayo ukuze isiphakamiso sifane nemijikelezo yokusebenza yangempela.
Uma ulungiselela isicelo sesilinganiso, faka imininingwane ebalulekile yenqubo kanye neyomshini. Nikeza:
uhlobo lwethangi kanye nomthamo (isibonelo: ithangi lokugcina elifakwe i-vacuum insulated cryogenic, 5,000 L), imidiya (i-nitrogen ewuketshezi), kanye namazinga okushisa nokusebenza kanye nokucindezela;
amazinga okugcwalisa nokukhipha okuqhubekayo, umjikelezo womsebenzi ojwayelekile, kanye nezimo zokunyuka noma ukwehla okulindelekile;
indawo yokufaka, amachweba atholakalayo, kanye ne-geometry yesikhala sekhanda;
ububanzi bokulinganisa obudingekayo, ukunemba okufiswayo kanye nokuphindeka, kanye nemikhawulo ye-alamu/yokubeka;
izintandokazi zokuhambisana kwezinto kanye nanoma yiziphi izindawo zokuhlanza noma imikhawulo yokungcola kwezitshalo zokwenza ama-wafer;
ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi kanye nanoma yimiphi imikhawulo yokufaka.
Ukuze ucele ikhotheshini noma uhlele uhlelo lokuhlola, hlanganisa izinto ezibalwe ngenhla bese uzithumela ngesiteshi sakho sokuthenga noma oxhumana naye wobunjiniyela besikhungo. Ukusula idatha yesicelo kusheshisa usayizi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi isiphakamiso sokudlulisela izinga le-radar yamagagasi esiqondiswayo sihambisana nezinhlelo zokudlulisela izinga loketshezi ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza i-wafer kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina ze-cryogenic.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokukala izinga le-nitrogen eliwuketshezi ethangini esitshalweni sokwenza i-wafer?
Ama-transmitter asezingeni eliqondisiwe e-radar yamagagasi (i-GWR) ahlinzeka ngokulinganisa okuqhubekayo, okunembile, okungeyona eyemishini ye-LN2 e-cryogenic ezitshalweni zokwenza ama-wafer. Asebenzisa i-microwave pulse eqondiswa yi-probe eqinile ngokumelene nomhwamuko, ukuxokozela, kanye namajiyometri amancane ethangi. Kumathangi okugcina ama-cryogenic agqunywe nge-vacuum, faka i-transmitter enokungena okuncane, okuvalwe kahle ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho be-vacuum.
Ingabe isithumeli sezinga le-radar yamagagasi esiqondiswayo singasebenza ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa nokukhipha okuqhubekayo?
Yebo. I-GWR yenzelwe ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo ku-inthanethi futhi igcina ukufundwa kwezinga okuthembekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuguquguqukayo. Ukubekwa kahle kweprobe, ukulungiswa kwezilungiselelo zensimbi ezingenalutho kanye nezindawo ezifile, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-echo kuvimbela ama-echo angamanga abangelwa ukugeleza. Isibonelo: lungisa i-transmitter ngemuva kokuyivula ngenkathi igcwalisa ngesivinini esiphezulu sokugeleza kwesitshalo ukuqinisekisa ama-echo azinzile.
Isithumeli sezinga le-GWR siqhathaniswa kanjani nezinzwa ezingezona ezithintana ze-nitrogen ewuketshezi?
I-GWR idlulisa ama-microwave pulses nge-probe, ikhiqiza ama-echo aqinile, ahambisanayo uma kushushuluza umoya kanye nezimo eziguquguqukayo. I-radar engathintani ingasebenza kodwa ingase ibe nenkinga ematangini aqinile noma lapho izakhiwo zangaphakathi zibonisa khona izimpawu. Emathangini anezithiyo zangaphakathi noma i-geometry encane, i-GWR ivame ukuletha ukubuya okungcono kwe-echo kanye nokufundwa okuzinzile kwe-LN2.
Ingabe umthumeli we-radar yamagagasi oqondiswayo uzothinta ubuqotho be-vacuum emathangini e-cryogenic afakwe i-vacuum insulated?
Uma ifakiwe njenge-inline transmitter enokungena okuncishisiwe kanye nokuvalwa okulungile, i-GWR inciphisa inani lokungena eliphelele uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzwa eziningi ezihlukene. Ukungena okumbalwa kunciphisa izindlela zokuvuza futhi kusiza ekulondolozeni i-vacuum. Sebenzisa ama-flange ahlanganisiwe noma i-vacuum fittings ephezulu kanye nezimpawu ze-cryogenic ezifanelekile ukuze ugweme ukonakalisa i-vacuum yethangi.
Ingabe ama-redar e-wave radar aqondiswayo adinga ukulungiswa kabusha njalo noma ukulungiswa kwesevisi ye-cryogenic?
Cha. Amayunithi e-GWR awanazo izingxenye ezihambayo futhi ngokuvamile adinga ukulungiswa okuncane. Ukuxilongwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nokuqapha i-echo kuvumela ukuhlolwa okusekelwe esimweni. Yenza ukuqinisekiswa kwe-echo spectrum njalo kanye nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwezivalo kanye nesimo se-probe ngesikhathi sokuvalwa okuhleliwe.
Ingabe ama-transmitter e-radar level aphephile ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibucayi ze-semiconductor?
Yebo. Ama-transmitter e-radar level asebenza ngamandla aphansi e-microwave futhi awabonisi ingozi yezinhlayiya. Ukungena kwawo okuncane kanye nokuzwa okungaphazamisi kusiza ekugcineni izikhala ezilawulwa ukungcola. Cacisa izinto zokuhlanzeka, ama-probe ahlanzekayo, kanye nokuvikelwa okufanele kokungena lapho ufaka eduze kwezindawo zenqubo ehlanzekile.
Ngingakhetha kanjani phakathi kwe-transmitter yezinga le-GWR kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-transmitter yezinga loketshezi ze-LN2?
Sebenzisa uhlu lokuhlola lokukhetha olubeka phambili ukuhambisana kwe-cryogenic, ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwe-inthanethi, ukuqina komusi kanye nokuxokozela, ukungena okuncane, ukuxilongwa, kanye nekhono lokuhlanganisa. Kwamathangi amaningi e-cryogenic enziwe nge-wafer fab, i-GWR ihlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso. Cabanga nge-geometry yethangi, izithiyo zangaphakathi, nokuthi ingabe kudingeka ukulinganisa okuguquguqukayo okuningi.
Ngingalutholaphi usizo lokuhlanganisa i-transmitter yezinga le-radar yamagagasi eqondiswayo ohlelweni lwami lokulawula izitshalo?
Xhumana neqembu lobunjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza lomhlinzeki wokudlulisa ukuze uthole ukwesekwa kokuhlanganiswa, isiqondiso sokucushwa, kanye nokuhlola okusebenzayo. Bangasiza ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-echo, ukusekela phansi, kanye nokumapha kwe-DCS/PLC. Ukuze uthole amamitha okuminyana noma i-viscosity asetshenziswa kanye nokulinganisa kwezinga, xhumana ne-Lonnmeter ukuze uthole imininingwane yomkhiqizo kanye nokusekelwa kohlelo lokusebenza oluqondene namamitha aminyana.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokuhlola ukunakekelwa okufanele ziqashwe ngemitha yezinga le-nitrogen eliwuketshezi?
Gada amandla e-echo kanye nephrofayili ye-echo ukuze uthole ukubuyiselwa okuzinzile nokuphindekayo. Landelela isilinganiso sesiginali kuya komsindo (i-SNR), izinkomba zobuqotho be-probe noma ukuqhubeka, kanye nanoma yimaphi amaphutha okudlulisela noma amakhodi esixwayiso. Sebenzisa ukuthambekela kwalokhu kuxilonga ukuhlela ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ukwehluleka.
Ukunciphisa inani lezinsimbi nge-transmitter eguquguqukayo kuthinta kanjani izindleko zizonke?
I-GWR eguquguqukayo eminingi ingalinganisa iziguquguquko zezinga kanye ne-interface ngasikhathi sinye, isuse ama-transmitter ahlukene. Lokhu kunciphisa izinto zokufaka, ukungena, izintambo, kanye nokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside. Inani eliphansi lamathuluzi liphinde linciphise ukungena kwe-vacuum kanye nengozi yokuvuza, okubalulekile emathangini okugcina i-cryogenic afakwe i-vacuum insulated. Umphumela ophelele uyizindleko eziphansi zobunikazi uma kuqhathaniswa namathuluzi amaningi asebenza ngomumo owodwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-30-2025
