Ukuthamba kwe-asphalt kanye nokushisa okubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Ukuthamba kwe-asphalt-cement kuchaza ukumelana nokuxinana kwengxube yokugandaya, okubalulekile ohlelweni lokulawula ukuxuba ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle.
Mina.Inqubo Yokuxuba I-Hot Mix Asphalt
WisigqokoHotMixAi-sphalt?
I-asphalt exubile eshisayo (i-HMA) ikhiqizwa ngokushisa nokuxuba ama-aggregate kanye ne-asphalt cement. Le nqubo ihilela ukomisa nokushisa ama-aggregate, bese uwamboza nge-asphalt cement esitshalweni sokuxuba ngendlela evamile. Kokubili i-aggregate kanye ne-asphalt kufanele kufudunyezwe ngaphambi kokuxuba. Kuyimvelaphi yegama elithi “hot mix”.
Ngemuva kwalokho wonke ama-aggregate kanye ne-asphalt kuyashiswa futhi kuxutshwe endaweni yokuxuba ngokulingana. Ukugcizelela kushintshela ekuqondeni amapharamitha ayisihluthulelo afanaizinga lokushisa lokuxuba i-asphalt, dama-eni-ityviscukuqina inmixing, okuthonya ngqo izici zokugeleza kanye namandla okubopha, okuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inqwaba evelayo ihlangabezana nezidingo ezinzima zezicelo zokuganda. Isinyathelo esilandelayo sifika ekuthuthweni okuxubile okushisayo ukuya endaweni efana nendawo yokuganda, bese kusakazwa ngomshini wokuganda.
Ukubaluleka Kokugqama Kokusebenza Kwe-Asphalt
Ukuqina akusiyo nje indlela yokulinganisa yobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi kuyindlela yokushaya kwenhliziyo yokusebenza kwe-asphalt, okubonisa ukuthi kulula ukuyiphatha ngesikhathi sokuxuba. Kunquma ikhono lokubekezelela ukuguquguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye negalelo layo ekuqineni okuphelele kwezindawo ezigandayiwe.
Uma i-viscosity isuka ezindaweni eziqondiwe, imiphumela idlula yonke indawo: ukuxubana okungaguquki kuholela ezindleleni ezibuthakathaka ezivame ukuqhekeka kanye nokwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, okwandisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwezimoto ngezindlela ochwepheshe abanolwazi abalwela ukuzigwema ngokuqapha okuqaphile. Ngokubeka phambili izinto ezibalulekile.ukulinganiswa kwe-asphalt viscosity, sizinika amandla okwenza izinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ezihlala isikhathi eside, siguqula ubuthakathaka obungaba khona bube amandla athuthukisa ukusebenza kwesakhiwo kanye nokuphila kahle kwezomnotho.
Ukulinganisa Okubalulekile Kokugoba Okungaphakathi Komugqa
Cisitshalo sokuxuba i-asphalt esiqhubekayosSekuyisikhathi eside bebhekene nokushiyeka kwezindlela zokuhlola ezivamile ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, lapho ukubambezeleka ekuhlaziyweni kwelebhu kanye nemibuzo mayelana nokunemba kwesampula kuvame ukuphazamisa ukunemba kwemiphumela.
Izindlela zangaphakathi zesikhathi sangempela ziguqula lesi simo esibi, zinikeza ukuqonda okusheshayo okwenza kube lulainqubo yokuxuba i-asphalt, qinisa ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, futhi wehlise izindleko zokusebenza ngokunika amandla ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kunokulungisa okusabelayo.
II. Izisekelo Zokunamathelana Kwezinto Ze-Asphalt
Ukuzulazula phakathi kwe-"asphalt" ne-"bitumen" kwembula i-asphalt njengegama elibanzi elihlanganisa izingxube ezisetshenziswa ekugayweni, kuyilapho i-bitumen ibhekisela ngqo engxenyeni ye-binder, kodwa zombili zincike ekubonakaleni njengesici esiyisisekelo esakha ukuziphatha kwazo ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.
Incazelo kanye nezakhiwo ze-Asphalt Viscosity
I-asphalt viscosity ikhombisa ukumelana kwayo nokuguquguquka lapho ibhekene namandla okucheba, isici esishintsha kakhulu ngokushintshashintsha kokushisa, okubonisa izici ze-Newtonian emazingeni okushisa aphezulu lapho ukugeleza kuhlala kufana, kodwa kushintshela ezinkingeni ezingezona eze-Newtonian ezimweni ezipholile noma ngezakhiwo eziguquliwe kuukugandaya i-asphalt okuxubene nokushisa.
Ochwepheshe abanolwazi oluhle kulo mkhakha bayaqonda ukuthi lolu hlobo lokuzwela amazinga okushisa ludinga izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubhekana naloindlela yokunquma i-viscosity ye-bitumen, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilinganiso zibamba impendulo eguquguqukayo yoketshezi kuzo zonke izingcindezi zokusebenza ezitholakala kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela.
Izindinganiso kanye Nemininingwane Yokugoba
I-ASTM kanye ne-EN zinikeza uhlaka oluthembekile lokuhlola izakhiwo zokugeleza kwe-asphalt, ngalezi zilinganiso zisebenza njengezindlela zokusebenza okuqhubekayo kumaphrojekthi omhlaba wonke. Ukuxhumanisa i-viscosity ngqo nezinhlelo zokulinganisa ezifana ne-Performance Grade (PG) kuvumela ochwepheshe ukubikezela nokulungisa ukuziphatha kwezinto ezibonakalayo, okukhuthaza izinto ezintsha ezihambisana nezidingo ezithile zesimo sezulu kanye nomthwalo.
Umthelela Wokuqina Kwe-Viscosity Enqubweni Yokuxuba
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-viscosity kanye ne-aggregate ekuxubeni kuthonya ukufana kwe-coating, ukulingana kokusatshalaliswa, kanye namandla aphelele adingekayo ukuze kufezwe ingxube ehlangene.
Ukuhlonza nokugcina imingcele ebalulekile ye-viscosity—ngokuvamile esukela ku-100 kuya ku-500 centipoise emazingeni okushisa axubile—kuqinisekisa ukuthiinqubo ye-asphalt yokuxuba okushisayoikhiqiza imikhiqizo elungiselelwe ukubekwa kahle kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside.
III. Ukulinganiswa Kokugcwala Okuqondile
Impi-orting ofI-Lonnmeter Inline Asphalt Viscometer
II-Lonnmeter I-Viscometer ye-Asphalt esemgqenikuvela njengesixazululo esiqinile esenzelwe indawo edinga ukukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt, sisebenzisa izimiso zokudlidliza ukuze kunikezwe ukuhlolwa okunembile nokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Indlela yayo yokusebenza incike ekutholeni ukushintsha kwemvamisa yokuzwana njengoba i-probe idlidliza ngaphakathi komfula we-asphalt, okuhumusha lokhu kuguquguquka kube ukufundwa okunembile kwe-viscosity okumelana nobunzima bokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuze kufike ku-450°C kanye nezingcindezi ezilingisa izimo zangempela zesitshalo.
Ukutholwa Nokudluliselwa Kwedatha Yesikhathi Sangempela
Ingaphakathiineasi-phalt i-viscoi-meterngaphakathi kwamapayipi, amathangi okugcina izinto, kanyeumxube wezitshalo ze-asphaltskwenza kube lula ukuthwebula idatha ye-viscosity kalula, ngama-algorithms okucubungula amasignali athuthukisiwe aguqula okokufaka okudlidlizayo okungavuthiwe kube yizilinganiso ezisebenzayo eziboniswa ngokushesha kuzixhumi zokulawula.
Izinzuzo ezingokwemvelo zalolu hlelo—izidingo ezincane zokunakekelwa kanye nokuqina ekushiseni okukhulu—zilubeka njengethuluzi elibalulekile kochwepheshe abafuna ukuphakamisa ukuqapha kwaboinqubo yokuxuba i-asphalt, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke inguquko inolwazi futhi iyasebenza.
V. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinhlelo Zokuxuba I-Asphalt
Ukubekwa kwe Ai-sphaltVi-iscometerseNqubweni Yokuxuba
Lawo mamitha kufanele abekwe emathangini okugcina i-asphalt ukuze kuqashwe ukuzinza kwe-binder noma eceleni kwemigqa yokuphakelayo eholela kuma-mixer ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, kwandisa ukusebenza kwawo ngenkathi kunciphisa izingozi ezivela ekuphazamisekeni kwemishini njengokudlidliza kwepompo noma ukushintshashintsha kokushisa okungazelelwe. Abaqhubi bangasebenzisa ukusakazwa kwedatha okungaphazanyiswa okubonisa izimo zenqubo yangempela.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwedatha Nezinhlelo Zokulawula Izinqubo
Hlanganisa idatha ye-viscosity kuma-programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) kanye namapulatifomu e-Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), kwakha i-ecosystem ehlanganisiwe lapho ukuqonda kwesikhathi sangempela kuqhuba khona izimpendulo ezenzakalelayo, njengokushintsha ukugeleza okungeziwe noma ukulungisa amazinga okushisa ukuze kugcinwe izakhiwo ezifiselekayo. Le ndlela exhumene ayigcini nje ngokukhulisa ukunemba kodwa futhi inika amandla amaqembu ukuthi aphendule ngokushesha ekuphambukeni.
Ukuzenzakalela kanye nokulawula okuzivumelanisa nezimo
Ngama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi alungisa ngokuguquguqukayo izakhi zokushisa ngokuphendula impendulo ye-viscosity, uhlelo lunciphisa ukuguquguquka, okuvumela ukusebenza okwenziwa ngesandla okunciphisa amaphutha abantu futhi kuthuthukise ukuhambisana kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Njengoba sihlanganisa lezi zindlela eziguquguqukayo, ukwehla kokubhekwa ngesandla kuhumusha imiphumela ephephile, ebikezelwayo, ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bokuthi kungani izikhungo ezibheke phambili zibeka phambili izinto ezintsha ezinjalo.
VI.Kuphelilewoza Izinselelein Inumugqa Visi-cosity I-Meangokuqinisekilei-ment
Izici Zemvelo
Umklamo oqinile kanye nesakhiwo esigoqekile ngokuphelele se-i-viscometer ye-asphalt esemgqeni kwanele ukumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa amazinga okushisa akhuphuka phakathi kuka-150 no-200°C kanye nomhwamuko we-asphalt oqothulayo. Izinto ezingcolisayo njengezinto ezilahlekile, uthuli olusemoyeni, noma ukungena komswakama okungahlosiwe kusongela ukunemba kokulinganisa.
Ukuguquguquka kwe-Asphalt
Ukwakheka kwe-asphalt okuhlukahlukene — kusukela ezinhlotsheni ezithuthukisiwe nge-polymer ezikhulisa ukunwebeka kuya ezinkethweni eziphinde zasetshenziswa noma ezixutshwe ngokufudumele ezihloselwe ukusimama — kudingaama-viscometeriguquguqukayo ngokwanele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngaphandle kokulungiswa kabusha, ibhekana nokuzwela okungase kushintshe ukufundwa.
- Ukuguquguquka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela emithonjeni kawoyela ongahluziwe kuvame ukuletha ukungalingani, okwenza ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile kunganele ukuthola ukuhlukahluka kwesikhathi sangempela.
- Imiphumela yokuguga ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthuthwa ishintsha izakhiwo, okudinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe izinyathelo zokulungisa ngokushesha.
- Izindawo zokusebenza ezinzima ezinokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokudlidliza zenza kube nzima ukuzinza kwezinzwa, kodwa imiklamo yokudlidliza iyaphumelela ngokungazweli amazinga okugeleza.
VII. Izicelo
Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Ekwakhiweni Kwemigwaqo
Ukulinganisa okuqondile kuvikela ama-batches angaphansi kokulingana, kunciphisa kakhulu amazinga okwenqatshwa futhi kuqinisa isikhathi sephrojekthi.
- Ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalela ukuxuba, kunciphisa ukulungiswa kwangemva kwenqubo kanye nokungcola kwezinto.
- Ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwempahla lapho kuthuthwa kuqinisekisa ukulingana endaweni yokugandaya, okuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokuqiniswa.
- Ukuhambisana nokuhlolwa kokumelana nokuqina kwemisipha, njenge-Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR), kuvumelanisa imiphumela neziqondiso ze-AASHTO ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamandla
Idatha ye-viscosity etholakale ngesikhathi sangempela ivumela ukulungiswa kokufakwa kokushisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okungadingekile, okukhuthaza ukusebenza okunciphile okuhambisana nezidingo zemvelo kanye nemigomo yokonga izindleko. Enkathini lapho ukusimama kuqhuba izinqumo, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngenkathi kulondolozwa ikhwalithi.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu kusukela ekulinganisweni okuqoqiwe kuvumela ukulungiswa kokubikezela, kukhulisa isikhathi eside semishini kanye nomphumela wayo.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kusekela izinto ezintsha eziyindilinga, okuvumela ukuguquguquka ekusingatheni izinhlobo ezintsha ze-asphalt ngezindlela ezilungiselelwe wena.
- Izinqubo zokulinganisa ukukhishwa kwegesi okungenayo igesi zinegalelo emikhubeni yokulondoloza imvelo, zikhanga abathintekayo abaqaphela imvelo.
Amandla okuguqula ukulinganiswa kwe-inline viscosity aba senqubweni yokuxuba i-asphalt, okuphakamisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamazinga achaza kabusha amazinga omkhakha. Yala i-inline viscometer ukuthi ivule izindlela zokukhiqiza i-asphalt okusimeme futhi okuphumelelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-20-2025
