Isidingo Esibalulekile Sokuqapha Ingcindezi Engaphakathi Kwesikhathi Sangempela
Ukugcina nokusebenzisa uketshezi olungenamanzi lwe-ammonia kuletha izinselele ezihlukile embonini yensimbi nensimbi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokususwa kwegesi yoketshezi. Ukugcinwa kwe-ammonia yoketshezi kuveza izingozi ezivela ebuthi bayo, ukusha, amandla okuqhuma, kanye nokuthambekela kokuvuza ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Abasebenzi kumele basebenzise izindlela zokuphepha eziqinile ukulawula ukuphathwa kwe-ammonia izingozi ezivuthayo neziqhumayo. Ngisho nokwehluleka okuncane ekulawulweni kwengcindezi kungabangela izehlakalo ezimbi njengokuvuza kwegesi ye-ammonia, ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali, noma izinsongo zokuchayeka okukhulu, okusongela abasebenzi kanye nemiphakathi eseduze.
Isitshalo Sensimbi Nensimbi
*
Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zingozi, izinhlelo zokulinganisa ingcindezi eziqhubekayo zamathangi okugcina i-ammonia zibalulekile.Ama-transmitter okucindezela angaphakathiukuletha idatha yesikhathi sangempela engaphazanyiswa ngezimo zangaphakathi kwethangi, okusekela ngqo ukuphepha kokugcinwa koketshezi lwe-ammonia. Ngokufundwa kwengcindezi okunembile nokufika ngesikhathi, abaqhubi bezitshalo bangathatha isinyathelo ngokushesha uma ukufundwa okungajwayelekile kukhombisa ukuvuza, ukucindezela okungahambi kahle, noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini.
Amasu anamuhla okulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi yoketshezi, njengokunciphisa okukhethiwe kwe-catalytic, athembele ku-ammonia njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa ekwelashweni kwegesi yoketshezi ukuze kuncishiswe ama-nitrogen oxides (NOx) ngendlela ephumelelayo. Ukugcina amazinga okukhishwa kwegesi yoketshezi ahambisanayo kudinga ukunqunywa kwe-ammonia okungaphazanyiswa nokulawulwayo. Ukuqapha ingcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela kuvumela ubuchwepheshe bokusika ukudla okuzenzakalelayo kwamathangi e-ammonia. Lapho ingcindezi iwela ngaphandle komkhawulo ophephile, ukujova kwe-ammonia kungamiswa ngokushesha, kuvikele kokubili inqubo kanye nendawo ezungezile ekuchithekeni noma ekuphenduleni okungalawulwa.
Njengoba kunemithetho eqinile yokuphepha ethangini lokugcina i-ammonia, izitshalo zidinga ukuxilongwa kude ekuphathweni kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia kanye nokuqapha ukuchayeka kwe-ammonia endaweni. Ama-transmitter ahlanganisiwe angaphakathi akha umgogodla wezinhlelo ze-ammonia ezingavuzi lutho, okuvumela ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokuhambisana nemithetho.
Ubunzima bokususwa kwegesi engcolile nge-ammonia ewuketshezi kuqinisa isidingo sezinqubo zokuphatha isitoreji se-ammonia eziqinile. Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqapha ingcindezi ezithuthukisiwe, zesikhathi sangempela ezisezingeni eliphezulu kusekela imigomo emibili yamasu okuvimbela ukuchitheka kwe-ammonia ewuketshezi kanye nokuqapha nokuhambisana nokukhishwa kwe-ammonia okuqhubekayo nokuhambisanayo. Leli khono liqinisekisa ukuphepha kokusebenza, ukuhambisana kokulawula okuqhubekayo, kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu ekulawuleni ukukhishwa kwezimboni.
Ukuqonda Inqubo Yezimboni
I-Ammonia Anhydrous Liquid ku-Flue Gas Denitration
I-ammonia anhydrous liquid isebenza njenge-reducing gas flue yezitshalo zensimbi nezensimbi. Isebenza njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa ekuncishisweni kwe-catalytic selective (SCR), inqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi ukulawula ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxides (NOx). Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-SCR, i-ammonia ifakwa emseleni wegesi ye-flue, lapho isabela khona nama-nitrogen oxides lapho kukhona i-catalyst. Lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali kuguqula ama-NOx ayingozi abe yi-nitrogen engenangozi kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi, kuvumelanisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngezindinganiso eziqinile zokukhishwa kwegesi ye-flue.
Ukusebenza kahle kudinga ukuhlinzekwa okuqhubekayo nokuthembekile kwe-ammonia anhydrous liquid. Izinhlelo zethangi lokugcina i-ammonia zibalulekile ezinqubweni ze-SCR ezingaphazanyiswa. Ukugeleza kwe-ammonia okunganele noma ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi kungaholela ekudluleni ngokushesha kwemingcele ye-NOx yokulawula futhi kubeke engcupheni ukwephulwa komthetho okubizayo. Ngakho-ke ukugcina isitoreji se-ammonia esiqhubekayo kanye nokulethwa kwayo kusekela ukulawulwa kokukhishwa kwegesi yoketshezi okusebenzayo kanye nokunamathela okuqhubekayo ezindinganisweni zemvelo zikazwelonke nezesifunda.
Izingozi inIsitoreji se-Ammonia Ewuketshezi
Amathangi okugcina i-ammonia e-anhydrous aqukethe uketshezi avame ukwakhiwa ngensimbi yekhabhoni yezinga eliphezulu, eklanyelwe ukucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokugcina izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Amathangi amaningi ayizitsha ezimile noma ezivundlile, ezifakwe ama-weld aqinisiwe kanye nokushisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukubila nokunciphisa ukulahleka komusi. Izici ezibalulekile zobunjiniyela bamathangi zibhekana nesidingo sokungabi nalutho kwezinhlelo ze-ammonia ezivuzayo; ukuxhumeka kwe-flange, ama-gasket okuvala, kanye nama-valve okusiza ukucindezeleka okuphuthumayo aklanyelwe futhi anakekelwa ukuvimbela ukukhishwa ngengozi.
Ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezingozi ezinkulu zobuthi be-ammonia liquid. Umhwamuko we-ammonia uyingozi enkulu ezicutshini zokuphefumula nezamehlo. Ukuchayeka isikhathi esifushane ekugxilweni okungaphezu kwamanani omkhawulo olawulayo kungabangela ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula noma ubuthi obubulalayo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ammonia nayo ingasha futhi ingakha izingxube eziqhumayo nomoya ekugxilweni okuthile, izindawo zamatangi kumele zihlonyiswe ukunciphisa ukuphathwa kwe-ammonia izingozi ezivuthayo neziqhumayo—lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokulinganisa ingcindezi eziqhubekayo zokugcina i-ammonia kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusika ukudla okuzenzakalelayo kwamatangi e-ammonia.
Ukuvimbela ukuchitheka nokuvuza kuncike ekuvinjweni okuqinile kokuchitheka, ukwakhiwa okunezindonga ezimbili, kanye nokuqapha njalo ukuchayeka kwe-ammonia endaweni. Abaphathi bezokuphepha kwezitshalo kumele basebenzise amasu okuvimbela ukuchitheka kwe-ammonia njengokufaka umgodi ozungeze inhlabathi, izinto zokunciphisa impendulo ngokushesha, kanye nokuxilongwa okukude ekuphathweni kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia ukuze kutholakale futhi kulungiswe ukwephulwa kokuchitheka ngokushesha.
Imikhuba yokugcina nokuphatha ilawulwa ngokuqinile. Imithethonqubo yokuphepha kwethangi lokugcina i-ammonia emsebenzini idinga ukutholwa komusi, ukuphefumula, izinhlelo zokuvala eziphuthumayo, kanye nokuhlolwa njalo. Ama-ejensi aphoqelela ukuqapha nokuthobela ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia ukuze avikele abasebenzi kanye nendawo ezungezile. Imikhawulo yokuchayeka kwegesi ye-ammonia ibekwa izinhlangano ezilawulayo ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi zempilo nokuphepha phakathi nazo zonke izici zokugcina, ukudlulisa, kanye nokusetshenziswa.
Izisekelo Zobuchwepheshe Zokuqapha Ukucindezela Okungaphakathi Kwesikhathi Sangempela
Kungani Ukulinganisa Ukucindezela Okuqondile Kubalulekile
Izinhlelo zokulinganisa ingcindezi eziqhubekayo zokugcina uketshezi olungenamanzi lwe-ammonia zibalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi ephephile nehambisanayo. Amathangi okugcina i-ammonia enganamanzi kumele aqashwe ngokuthembekile ngenxa yobuthi obuphezulu kanye nezingozi ezisakazekile ze-ammonia—kufaka phakathi ukusha kwayo, uhlobo lwayo lokuqhuma kanye nezingozi ezinkulu zempilo lapho ikhishwa. Ama-inline pressure transmitters akha umgogodla wokuphepha kokugcinwa koketshezi lwe-ammonia ngesikhathi sangempela, enikeza ukuqonda okuqhubekayo ngesimo sethangi.
Amandla okuthola ngokushesha ama-inline pressure transmitters avumela opharetha ukuthi bathathe isinyathelo kunoma yikuphi ukwenyuka noma ukwehla kwengcindezi okungavamile. Lokhu kusabela okusheshayo kubalulekile ekuvikeleni imishini yokucubungula kanye nengqalasizinda ekuhlulekeni kwemishini noma ekucindezelekeni, njengezimo zokucindezela ngokweqile noma ukwakheka kwe-vacuum. Ngokuhambisana nezinqubo zokuqapha ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho, ukufundwa kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kuqinisekisa ukunamathela ekulawulweni kokukhishwa kwegesi yomoya kanye nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwegesi yomoya ezihambisanayo.
Laba bathumeli basekela nobuchwepheshe bokusika ukudla okuzenzakalelayo kwamathangi e-ammonia. Uma ingcindezi idlula imingcele ephephile noma kutholakala ingozi yobuthi be-ammonia, uhlelo lungavala ngokushesha ukunikezwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwanda. Abathumeli bengcindezi eqondile bavumela ukuxilongwa okukude ekuphathweni kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia. Ochwepheshe bangahlola izimo futhi bahlele ukungenelela ngaphandle kokuvezwa ngqo, bathuthukise ukuphepha kwabasebenzi futhi banciphise izingozi zokuchayeka kwe-ammonia endaweni. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kubalulekile ekusingatheni i-ammonia izingozi ezivuthayo neziqhumayo, amasu okuvimbela ukuchitheka, kanye nokuhlangabezana nemithethonqubo yokuphepha kwethangi lokugcina i-ammonia.
Ukuhlanganisa Amathuluzi Amaningi Angaphakathi Komugqa Wokulawula Inqubo Ephelele
Ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia kanye nendima yayo ezindleleni zokunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx) kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwezinsimbi eziningana ezingaphakathi. Idivayisi ngayinye—isidluliseli sokucindezela esingaphakathi,imitha yokuhlushwa emugqeni, imitha yobuningi emugqeni, imitha yokuthambekela eqondile,umthumeli wezinga elingaphakathi, kanye nesithumeli sokushisa esisemgqeni—sinikela ngedatha eyingqayizivele nehambisanayo.
Umthumeli wokucindezela ongaphakathi uqaphela izinsongo ezifana nokuvuza noma ukuvaleka, kuyilapho umthumeli ongaphakathi ulandela inani eliqondile le-ammonia ewuketshezi etholakalayo, okwazisa kokubili ukuvimbela ukugcwalisa ngokweqile nokugcina isikhala esifanele sekhanda ukuze kugwenywe ukungalingani kokucindezela. Imitha yokuhlushwa engaphakathi iqinisekisa ubumsulwa nokungaguquguquki kwe-ammonia, okuhlobene ngqo nokusebenza kwayo njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa ekwelapheni igesi yoketshezi.
Imitha yobuningi eqondile yeLonnmeter inikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela mayelana nobuningi be-ammonia yangempela, inikeza isixwayiso kusenesikhathi uma kwenzeka ukungcola, ukuhlukaniswa, noma izinguquko zesigaba ezingavamile ngaphakathi kwethangi. Imitha yobukhulu ikwazisa opharetha ngezici zokuphatha uketshezi, okusiza ukugwema ukuvaleka kwemigqa noma izinkinga zephampu.
Uma kubhekwa ndawonye futhi kuhlaziywa ngesikhathi sangempela, lawa mathuluzi avumela abaqhubi ukuthi balondoloze ukuzinza okubalulekile emazingeni okuphakelwa kwe-ammonia ngamasu okususa igesi engcolile. Akwenza kube nokwenzeka ukugwema ukucindezela ngokweqile, agcine i-vacuum ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo ze-ammonia azivuzi lutho. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunciphisa amathuba okuchitheka kwe-ammonia ewuketshezi, ukuvuza, noma ukukhishwa okungahlosiwe, okusekela ukuqapha ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia kanye nemiphumela yokuhambisana nomthetho.
Ngamafuphi, impendulo eqhubekayo yesikhathi sangempela evela kunethiwekhi yezinsimbi eziqondile iyisihluthulelo sobuchwepheshe sokuphepha kwesitoreji se-ammonia esiwuketshezi kanye nokulawula okuphumelelayo ekususweni kwegesi yoketshezi yensimbi neyensimbi esitshalweni sensimbi.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Ezomthetho, Ezokuphepha, kanye Nokuthobela Imithetho
I-ammonia anhydrous liquid iyisici esibalulekile ekunciphiseni i-catalytic (SCR) yokususa igesi ye-flue ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi nensimbi. Ukuphepha okuqinile kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia ye-liquid kanye nezindinganiso zokulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi ye-flue kulawula le misebenzi yezimboni.
Imithetho yamanje yokuphepha kwethangi lokugcina i-ammonia idinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha eziqinile, izinhlelo zokukhulula ingcindezi, kanye nezindlela eziphephile kuzo zonke amathangi okugcina i-ammonia angenamanzi. Ama-valve okusiza angenamanzi abalulekile ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luhlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokusebenza ephephile. Imithetho iphinde inikeze imiklamo yamathangi anezindonga ezimbili noma afakwe i-vacuum insulation ukuze avimbele ukuvuza. Izinhlelo ze-ammonia ezivuzayo azidingeki yiziphathimandla eziningi ukunciphisa kokubili ukuchayeka kwabantu kanye nemvelo ezingozini zobuthi be-ammonia liquid.
Ukuze kulawulwe ukukhishwa kwegesi ephumayo, i-ammonia njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa ekwelashweni kwegesi ephumayo ingaphansi kwemithethonqubo ehlose ukunciphisa ama-nitrogen oxides (NOx). Izindinganiso zokukhishwa kwegesi zibeka amazinga aphezulu avumelekile e-NOx kumagesi ahlanganisiwe. Abasebenzi kumele basebenzise izindlela zokunciphisa ama-nitrogen oxides (NOx) aqinisekisiwe, ngokuvamile asekelwa amazinga okukhishwa kwegesi ephumayo ahambisanayo achaza imikhawulo futhi anikeze imigomo yokuqapha nokuhambisana nokukhishwa kwegesi ephumayo ...
Izincomo zokuphepha embonini zibhekana nobuthi be-ammonia, izingozi ezivuthayo, kanye neziqhumayo. Kubekwa imikhawulo eqinile yokuchayeka kubantu, ngokuvamile kusukela ku-25 ppm (izingxenye ngesigidi) zokuchayeka isikhathi esifushane. Imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu ephoqelekile (i-PPE) ifaka amagilavu, izibuko zokuzivikela, kanye nokuvikelwa kokuphefumula. Izikhungo kumele ziqeqeshe abasebenzi ngezindlela zokuthola ngokushesha kanye nokusabela ekuvuvukeni. Ukuphatha i-ammonia kuhilela nokunciphisa imithombo yokushisa nokuqinisekisa ukuphefumula okufanele ezindaweni zokugcina kanye nezokudlulisa.
Ukuqapha ukuchayeka kwe-ammonia endaweni kugcizelelwa ukuze kutholakale ukukhishwa komhwamuko ngokushesha. Izikhungo zisebenzisa kakhulu ama-sensor arrays axhunywe ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa ingcindezi eqhubekayo yokugcina i-ammonia. Lezi zinhlelo, ngezinye izikhathi zihambisana nobuchwepheshe bokusika ukudla okuzenzakalelayo kwamathangi e-ammonia, zisekela ukungenelela kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulungiswa kwenqubo, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukise ukuphepha. Ama-alamu okuvuza kanye nokuxilongwa okukude ekuphathweni kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia kuvumela ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi izimo eziyingozi, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokuvikela abasebenzi.
Amasu okuvimbela ukuchitheka kwe-ammonia okuwuketshezi asebenzayo agxila ekulawulweni kobunjiniyela kanye nokuphathwa. Ama-valve okuhlukaniswa kanye nezakhiwo zokuvimba okwesibili kuyizinto ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela umthelela wokuchitheka. Izinhlelo zokusabela eziphuthumayo kanye nokuqeqeshwa njalo kokuchitheka kulungiselela abasebenzi ukuthi banciphise ngokushesha futhi balulame.
Ukunamathela ngokuqinile emithethweni yokuphepha kwethangi lokugcina i-ammonia kanye nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuqapha nokuvimbela ukukhishwa kwegesi kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphephile nokuhambisanayo kwamasu okususa igesi yomoya ezitshalweni zensimbi nezensimbi.
Ama-Lonnmeter Inline Pressure Transmitters ku-Ammonia Storage kanye ne-Flue Gas Denitration
Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter angaphakathi aklanyelwe izidingo ezinzima zokuphathwa nokugcinwa kwe-ammonia anhydrous liquid. Lawa ma-transmitter adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia ewuketshezi, ikakhulukazi ekuphatheni amathangi okugcina i-ammonia anhydrous ewuketshezi abalulekile kumasu okususa igesi ewuketshezi. Ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi okunembile, kwesikhathi sangempela kwenza amazinga okukhishwa kwegesi ewuketshezi ahambisane nemithetho, okusiza izindlela zokunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx) ezisebenzayo ngokujova i-ammonia ngendlela eqondile njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa ekwelashweni kwegesi ewuketshezi.
Ukwakhiwa kwesithumeli kunikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali, okwenzelwe ngqo ukumelana nohlobo lokugqwala nobuthi lwe-ammonia liquid. Lokhu ukumelana okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwesistimu nokuvuza, okusekela ngqo izinhlelo ze-ammonia ezingavuzi. Amandla okuthola amaphutha ngokushesha abalulekile ekwakhiweni; izinzwa zihlonyiselwe ukuqala ubuchwepheshe bokusika ukudla okuzenzakalelayo ngokushesha ngesikhathi sezehlakalo zokucindezela okungavamile. Lesi sici sinciphisa ukuphathwa kwe-ammonia izingozi ezivuthayo neziqhumayo, sibhekana nezingozi ezibucayi zobuthi be-ammonia liquid futhi sihambisana nemithethonqubo yokuphepha eqinile yethangi lokugcina i-ammonia.
Ukusekelwa kokuxilongwa okukude kuyafakwa, okuvumela abaqhubi bezikhungo ukuthi bafinyelele ekuxilongweni kokudlulisela kanye nesimo esibukhoma ngaphandle kokungenelela okuqondile endaweni. Lolu hlaka lokufinyelela okukude luthuthukisa izinhlelo zokulinganisa ingcindezi eziqhubekayo zokugcina i-ammonia, okuvumela ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokuchayeka ngokunciphisa isidingo sabasebenzi bokulungisa ukungena ezindaweni eziyingozi. Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlelo zokulawula izinqubo ezikhona kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yengcindezi iphakelwa ngqo kumapulatifomu okuphatha kanye nezifunda ezinengqondo zokuphendula eziphuthumayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuvumela impendulo yesikhathi sangempela yokuqapha nokuhambisana nokukhishwa kwe-ammonia, kuthuthukisa amazinga okujova i-ammonia kanye nokusekela amasu okuvimbela ukuchitheka kwe-ammonia okuketshezi.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuqapha ingcindezi kuncike ekubekweni kwenzwa okuhle kakhulu. I-Lonnmeter incoma ukufakwa kwepayipi ngqo ezindaweni ezibucayi kakhulu ukuze kubanjwe ukuguquguquka kwendawo. Ukubekwa ezindaweni zokungenisa ithangi lokugcina kanye nezindawo zokuphuma kwenza kube nempendulo ephelele ekusebenzeni kokugcwalisa nokukhipha, okwenza kube lula ukusabela ngokushesha ekuvuza noma ekuvinjweni. Ukubeka ama-transmitter okucindezela ngaphakathi emibhobho yokujova i-ammonia kuqinisekisa impendulo yokufakwa kwe-ammonia okunembile, okubalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhishwa kwegesi yoketshezi okuphumelelayo kanye nokuvimbela ukufakwa ngokweqile kwe-ammonia okungaholela ekuphulweni kwemithetho noma ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza kahle.
Zihlanganisiwe, lezi zixazululo zinikeza ipulatifomu eqinile yokuphathwa okuqhubekayo, okuthembekile, nokuhambisana nemithetho kwezinhlelo ze-ammonia, kunciphisa ubungozi ngenkathi kusekelwa ukusebenza kahle kwezicelo zezimboni ezidingayo.
Izinzuzo Zokuqapha Ukucindezela Okungaphakathi Okuthuthukisiwe Kwezitshalo Zensimbi Nezensimbi
Izinhlelo zokuqapha ingcindezi ezithuthukisiwe zamathangi okugcina i-ammonia angenamanzi zivumela ukulandelela okuqhubekayo, ngesikhathi sangempela kwezimo zemikhumbi ngesikhathiizinqubo zokususa igesi yoketshezi. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwethangi futhi ibona ngokushesha ukungalingani kwengcindezi. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zinhlelo zandisa ukusebenza kahle ngokuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwamapharamitha enqubo, ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kokudla kwe-ammonia, kanye nokunciphisa isidingo sokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngesandla njalo.
Ukulinganisa ingcindezi okuqhubekayo kunciphisa ngqo isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe. Amaphutha anjengokwehla kwengcindezi noma ukuqhuma, okungaholela ekuchithekeni kwe-ammonia ewuketshezi noma ukuvalwa kwenqubo, atholakala ngokushesha. Ubuchwepheshe bokunqamula ukudla okuzenzakalelayo buphendula ezimweni eziyingozi, bumisa ukugeleza kwe-ammonia ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuza okubi kakhulu futhi busekele izinhlelo ze-ammonia ezingavuzi lutho ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yokuphepha embonini. Ukuqapha okusebenzayo kunciphisa amathuba okwehluleka kwemishini, konga izindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa eziphuthumayo kanye nokulondoloza isikhathi sokusebenza kwesitshalo.
Ukuphathwa kwengcindezi okunembile kuvikela ukuphepha kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia ewuketshezi. Ngokugcina amathangi ngaphakathi kwemingcele eqinile, izingozi ezihlobene nobuthi be-ammonia, ukusha, kanye nokuqhuma kwayo zincishiswa kakhulu. Idatha yokucindezela ehlanganisiwe—uma ihlanganiswa nobuchwepheshe bokuxilonga obukude—ivumela abaqhubi ukuthi baphendule ezinsongweni ezivelayo futhi baxilonge izinkinga ngaphandle kokuba khona ngokomzimba, kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi abasemsebenzini. Le ndlela inciphisa izehlakalo zokuchayeka ngengozi futhi ihlinzeke ngokungenelela okuqondiwe, ithuthukise amasu okuvimbela ukuchitheka kwe-ammonia kanye nokusekela ukuhambisana nemithetho.
Ngokombono wokukhishwa komoya, ukulawulwa okunembile kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwamathangi e-ammonia kuqinisekisa ukuthosa okuthembekile kwe-ammonia njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa ekwelashweni kwegesi yomoya. Amazinga okuphakelayo azinzile avumela ukunciphisa okuqhubekayo kwe-nitrogen oxides (NOx), okusekela amazinga okukhishwa kwegesi yomoya o ...
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqapha okuqondile kuqinisa ukuqapha nokuthobela ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia. Idatha yesistimu ethembekile inikeza amadokhumenti abalawuli, okubonisa ukunamathela emithethweni yokuphepha kwethangi lokugcina i-ammonia. Ivumela isinyathelo esisheshayo ekuphenduleni ukweqiwa, iqinisekise ukuthi amazinga okukhishwa avunyelwe awaphulwa futhi isekela indlela ephuthumayo yezindlela zokunciphisa ama-nitrogen oxides. Ukuqapha okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezaziso ezisheshayo kuthuthukisa ukuqapha ukuchayeka kwe-ammonia endaweni, kuvikela abasebenzi kanye nengqalasizinda ezingozini zombili zezingozi zobuthi be-ammonia obuyingozi kanye nobesikhathi eside.
Ngamafuphi, ukuqapha ingcindezi okuthuthukisiwe okuqondile kuguqula ukuphathwa kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia ewuketshezi ezitshalweni zensimbi nezensimbi ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa izidingo zokulungisa, ukuvikela abasebenzi kanye nemvelo, kanye nokuqhuba ukufezwa okuqhubekayo kwemigomo yokulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi yomoya.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Yiziphi izingozi eziyinhloko ezihlobene noketshezi olungenamanzi lwe-ammonia olusetshenziswa ekususeni igesi ephumayo?
I-ammonia anhydrous liquid inobuthi obukhulu, futhi ukuhogela kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu wokuphefumula ngemizuzu embalwa. Ukubola kwayo okunamandla kusho ukuthi ingawohloka ngokushesha insimbi yekhabhoni, ukhonkolo, noma i-aluminium, okwandisa ingozi yokwehluleka kohlelo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-ammonia anhydrous liquid iyasha futhi iyaqhuma, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivalekile ezinomoya. Ukuphathwa ngokuphephile kudinga izinhlelo ze-ammonia ezingavuzi lutho, ukwakheka kwethangi eliqinile, kanye nemigqa yokudlulisa evaliwe. Ukufakwa kwezinsimbi okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqapha njalo ukuchayeka kwe-ammonia endaweni kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukukhishwa komusi onobuthi, ukuchitheka ngengozi, noma ukuqhekeka kwethangi okuyingozi.
Ukulinganisa ingcindezi okuqhubekayo emgqeni kuthuthukisa kanjani ukuphepha kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia ewuketshezi?
Ukulinganisa ingcindezi okuqhubekayo emgqeni kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia ewuketshezi. Ukufundwa kwengcindezi kwesikhathi sangempela kunikeza izexwayiso ezisheshayo zezehlakalo zokucindezela ngokweqile, ukuvuza, noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwevalvu. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kusekela ukuhlukaniswa okusheshayo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokusika ukudla okuzenzakalelayo kwamathangi e-ammonia. Leli khono lokuphendula ngokushesha livimbela ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia ngengozi futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi yethangi lokugcina i-ammonia ihambisana nemithetho yokuphepha kokugcinwa kwe-ammonia ewuketshezi. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kuvimbela nezingozi zokucindezeleka kwesakhiwo noma ukuqhekeka ngokugcina ingcindezi ezinzile ngaphakathi kwemikhumbi yokugcina.
Kufanele kufakwe kuphi ama-inline pressure transmitter ezinhlelweni zokugcina i-ammonia?
Ama-inline pressure transmitter kufanele afakwe ezindaweni ezibalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokugcina i-ammonia. Izindawo zifaka phakathi izindawo zokungena nezindawo zokuphuma zamathangi okugcina, imigqa eyinhloko yokuphakelwa kwe-ammonia, kanye nezindawo lapho i-ammonia ifakwa khona kugesi ophumayo ukuze isuswe i-nitration. Ukubekwa okuhlelekile kuvumela ukuhlonza okusheshayo ukuqhuma kwengcindezi, ukwehla ngenxa yokuvuza, noma ukuvinjelwa ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Uma kuhlanganiswa nezinye izinzwa, lokhu kulungiselelwa kuyisisekelo sokusebenza kohlelo lwe-ammonia olungenayo i-leaking kuyo yonke inqubo yokuphatha i-ammonia.
Iyiphi indima edlalwa amadivayisi okulinganisa engeziwe asemgqeni kanye nama-pressure transmitters?
Ukusetha okubanzi kokuphepha kwesitoreji se-ammonia kusebenzisa okungaphezu nje kwama-transmitter okucindezela. Amamitha okuhlushwa ngaphakathi, ubuningi, kanye ne-viscosity (njengalawo e-Lonnmeter), kanye nezinsimbi zezinga kanye nokushisa, aletha isithombe sangempela sokusebenza kwenethiwekhi yonke yokulethwa kwe-ammonia. Lawa mathuluzi asiza opharetha ukuthi bathathe i-ammonia ngokunembile njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa ekwelashweni kwegesi yoketshezi, bathole ukungahambisani noma ukungcola, futhi balondoloze ukuzinza kwenqubo. Isibonelo, amamitha okuhlushwa ngaphakathi avikela ekuhlushweni okungafanele kwe-ammonia, kuyilapho izinzwa zokushisa zixwayisa ngokukhiqiza ukushisa okungavamile okungase kubonise ukuvuza noma ukusabela. Kuphela ngokusebenzisana kwamadivayisi anjalo lapho ukuphepha okuphezulu, ukunciphisa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx) esebenza kahle, kanye nokuhambisana njalo kwethangi lokugcina kungafinyelelwa khona.
Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kusiza kanjani ukugcina izindinganiso zokukhishwa kwegesi yoketshezi ezihambisanayo?
Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kunikeza ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuzenzakalelayo okubalulekile ezindinganisweni zokukhishwa kwegesi yoketshezi oluphumayo. Ngokulandela amazinga okucindezela, ukuhlushwa, ukugeleza, kanye namazinga ethangi, abaqhubi bangalungisa umthamo we-ammonia ukuze bathole izindlela zokunciphisa ama-nitrogen oxides (NOx) ezisebenzayo. Kusebenza futhi njengesivikelo sokuvimbela ukukhishwa ngengozi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kusekela imibhalo eqhubekayo edingwa yizinhlangano ezilawulayo. Izixazululo zokuqapha eziphelele zisiza izitshalo zensimbi nensimbi ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso zokukhishwa kwegesi ngokukhululeka, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukuhambisana nokukhishwa kwegesi kuhlolisiswa ngaphansi kwemiyalelo eqinile yokulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi yoketshezi oluphumayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-14-2026
