Ukulinganisa ingcindezi eqondile kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle, okuphephile, nokuhambisana nemithetho kwezitshalo ezinkulu ze-biogas, njengoba kwenza kube lula ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi kuzo zonke izigaba zokubilisa i-anaerobic kanye nokucubungula i-biogas—ukuthola ukuguquguquka okubangelwa ukungalingani kokudla, ukuvinjelwa, ukuphakama kwegesi, noma ukuvuza okusongelayo.i-methaneisivuno, ubuqotho bemishini, kanye nokuphepha kwabasebenzi.
Isitshalo Se-Biogas Esinkulu
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Izisekelo Zokuvutshelwa Kwe-Anaerobic kanye Nokukhiqizwa Kwe-Methane
I-anaerobicinqubo yokubilisaUkukhiqizwa kwe-biogas kuwubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko ngaphakathi komklamo nokusebenza kwesitshalo se-biogas esikhulu. Le nqubo iguqula ukudla okuphilayo—njengezinsalela zezolimo, udaka, noma imfucuza yokudla—kube yi-biogas uma kungekho oxygen ngokuhlela i-complex microbial consortia. I-Methane iyisakhi esiyinhloko se-biogas, ekhiqizwa ngochungechunge lwezimpendulo zezinto eziphilayo ezenzeka ngezigaba ezine ezilandelanayo: i-hydrolysis, i-acidogenesis, i-acetogenesis, kanye ne-methanogenesis.
Ngesikhathi se-hydrolysis, ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi e-organic afana nama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, namafutha ahlukaniswa yi-hydrolytic bacteria abe ama-monomer alula, okuhlanganisa ushukela, ama-amino acid, nama-fatty acid. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ngoba izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikayo kuphela ezingadlula ama-membrane eseli futhi zingene ku-metabolism yamagciwane. Okulandelayo, i-acidogenesis iyaqhubeka nokucubungula la ma-monomer, iwaguqule abe ama-fatty acid aguquguqukayo, ama-alcohols, i-hydrogen, i-carbon dioxide, kanye ne-ammonia. Kukulesi sigaba lapho ingozi yokukhishwa kwe-ammonia kanye nokwakheka kwegesi ye-hydrogen sulfide iqala khona, okwenza ukutholwa kwegesi kanye nokulawulwa kokukhishwa kubalulekile ukuze inqubo izinze futhi kuvinjelwe ukugqwala ezindaweni ze-biogas zezimboni.
I-Acetogenesis yisigaba sesithathu lapho ama-fatty acid aguquguqukayo kanye nama-alcohol aguqulwa yi-acetogenic bacteria abe yi-acetic acid, i-hydrogen, kanye ne-carbon dioxide. Lesi sinyathelo sibucayi kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo; ukuqongelela kwemikhiqizo ephakathi kungavimbela umsebenzi we-microbial. I-Methanogenesis ilandela njengesigaba sokugcina, lapho i-methanogenic archaea iguqula i-acetic acid, i-hydrogen, kanye ne-carbon dioxide ibe yi-methane kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi. Ukuba khona komhwamuko wamanzi ogcwele kanye ne-carbon dioxide ku-biogas ephumayo kudinga ukuqapha nokulawula okuqhubekayo, njengoba ukugxila kwawo ngokweqile kungathinta kokubili ubuqotho bemishini kanye nekhwalithi ye-biogas.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza i-methane ezitshalweni zanamuhla kuvame ukuhilela imikhuba efana nokugaya ndawonye—ukuhlanganisa izinto eziningi ukuze kulinganiswe izakhamzimba futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenzisana kwamagciwane—kanye nokuqinisa ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa, okwenza izinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi zitholakale kalula kuma-microbes. Lezi zindlela zivumela abaqhubi ukuthi bandise isivuno se-biogas, bathuthukise ukuzinza kwenqubo, futhi baphathe ukuhlukahluka kwezici ze-feedstock, njengoba kufakazelwa yizincwadi zokubuyekezwa eziphelele zakamuva.
Ukufakwa kwezinsimbi ezisebenza ngaphakathi ngesikhathi sangempela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni izimo zokubilisa ezifanele kanye nokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-methane okuthembekile. I-transmitter yengcindezi engaphakathi ihlola njalo ingcindezi yegesi ngaphakathi kwe-digester, isiza ekutholeni ukuphambuka okubangelwa ukuvinjelwa, ukuguquguquka kokudla, noma ukuvinjelwa okungenzeka kwepayipi. Ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi okunembile nakho kubalulekile ekuqondiseni ukutholakala kokuvinjelwa kwepayipi kanye nokunciphisa imiphumela yokucwiliswa kwamanzi emvula, ukukhukhuleka kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokudlidliza kwemvelo kwangaphandle okungathonya ukunemba kokulinganisa. Ama-transmitter okushisa angaphakathi avumela ukulawula okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa le-reactor, okuthinta ngqo amazinga omsebenzi we-microbial; ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zokushisa zingadala ukukhukhuleka okungu-zero kuzinzwa zokucindezela noma zinciphise ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo iyonke.
Ama-transmitter asezingeniukulandelela umthamo wodaka noma ukugaya ngaphakathi kwe-reactor, unikeze idatha ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukugcwala noma ukugcwalisa okungaphazamisa indawo engenawo umoya. Amamitha okuhlushwa alinganisa ukwakheka kwe-biogas, okuvumela ukuqapha amazinga e-carbon dioxide, i-methane, ne-hydrogen sulfide ukuze kuvunyelwe izenzo zokunciphisa ngokushesha. Amamitha okuxinana angaphakathi akhiqizwa yi-Lonnmeter asetshenziswa ukunqumaukuminyana kwe-slurrynoma izingxube ze-biogas, okuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile yokubala okuhlobene nokukhiqiza igesi, amazinga okugeleza kwesisindo, kanye namasu okulawula izinqubo.
Ndawonye, lezi zinsimbi zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela zisekelaukuqapha ingcindezi okuqhubekayoizinhlelo zezicelo zezimboni ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile, okuphumelelayo, nokuthuthukisiwe kwezitshalo ze-biogas zezimboni. Zisiza abaqhubi ukuthi balondoloze ukulawula okuqinile ezinguqukweni zenqubo, basebenzise ukulawulwa okuqinile kokukhishwa kwe-ammonia, benze ukulinganiswa kwezinzwa ngesikhathi, futhi bavikele imishini emiphumeleni yokugqwala, umusi ogcwele, nezinye izingozi zokusebenza ezitholakala ekukhiqizweni okukhulu kwe-methane.
I-Functi-ions ka Ukuqapha Ukucindezela Okuqhubekayo
Ukuqapha ingcindezi okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwesitshalo se-biogas esikhulu. Ezinqubweni zokubilisa i-anaerobic zokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas, iningi lama-methane reactors lisebenza phakathi kwengcindezi ye-gauge yebha engu-0.1 ne-1.5 bar, kuye ngohlobo lwe-digester kanye nemishini engezansi. Kudingeka ama-inline pressure transmitters anokwethenjelwa, njengoba ingcindezi ithinta ngqo ukuzinza kwamagciwane, ukukhiqizwa kwe-biogas, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-methane.
Ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-digester kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela zokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-methane. Ingcindezi ephezulu ingavimbela ukwakheka kwegesi, kuyilapho ukwehla kwengcindezi kungabonisa ukuvuza noma ukukhishwa kwegesi okungalawulwa. Zombili lezi zimo zisongela ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi zibeke engcupheni ukuphepha. Ama-inline pressure transmitters aqhubeka nokulandelela ingcindezi yangaphakathi ye-reactor, asekela izimo zokugaya ezizinzile ze-anaerobic ukuze kugcinwe umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wamagciwane kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezakhamzimba. Ingcindezi eqhubekayo iyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi zokukhishwa kwe-ammonia, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa yi-carbon dioxide, kanye nokusiza ukuphatha amazinga egesi ye-hydrogen sulfide.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amasu akhethekile okulinganisa ingcindezi yezimboni kanye namathuluzi ekukhiqizweni kwe-biogas zifaka phakathi ukutholakala ngokushesha kwezimo zokucindezela ngokweqile—ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwemishini noma ukuqhekeka kwemikhumbi. Ama-inline transmitter angabona izehlakalo zenqubo ezingavamile, njengokukhishwa kwegesi ngokuzumayo (okubangelwa ukushukuma, amaphutha emishini, noma ukuqongelela kwegesi), ukwakheka kwegwebu okuyingozi ekuvimbeleni ama-valve namapayipi, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwenqubo noma ukuvinjelwa—okuwusizo ekunciphiseni ingozi nokuvimbela isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibizayo ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokudlulisa ingcindezi eqondile obuguquguqukayo kakhulu buhlala buthembekile ezindaweni ze-biogas ezidinga kakhulu. Lezi zinzwa zenzelwe ukubhekana nokukhukhuleka kokulinganisa ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, imiphumela yokudlidliza kwemvelo, ukucwiliswa kwamanzi emvula, kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi ogcwele—okuvamile ekufakweni okukhulu kwe-reactor yangaphandle. Izindlu ezivikelayo, izindlela zokulinganisa zero drift ezithuthukisiwe, kanye nemiklamo yezinzwa ezilungiselelwe ngqo imidiya ye-biogas zivimbela amaphutha ekuvinjweni kwamapayipi aqondisa ingcindezi kanye nokugqwala. Izinzwa eziqondile ze-Lonnmeter zakhelwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kulezi zindawo ezinzima neziguquguqukayo, ezifaka isandla ekulawulweni kwenqubo okunembile, ukusebenza okuphephile, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-methane okuthuthukisiwe.
Izinselele Eziyinhloko Ekulinganisweni Kokucindezela kanye Nokusebenza Kwezinzwa
Izingozi Zemvelo: H2S, CO2, Ammonia, Umhwamuko Wamanzi, Ukugqwala
I-Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ingenye yezinto ezinolaka kakhulu ezitholakala ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwesitshalo esikhulu se-biogas. I-H2S ibangela ukugqwala okusheshayo kwenzwa, okungabangela ukwehluleka kwesistimu futhi kuphazamise izinhlelo zokuqapha ingcindezi eziqhubekayo zezicelo zezimboni. Ukuhambisana kwezinto kubalulekile: amazinga ensimbi engagqwali njenge-316L ne-Hastelloy ayathandwa ukumelana ne-H2S, kuyilapho abakhiqizi bezinzwa besebenzisa izembozo ezikhethekile noma ama-alloy ukuze kuvikelwe okwengeziwe. Ukusebenzisa amasu okunciphisa i-H2S—njengokuhlafuna okungaphezulu noma izithiyo zamakhemikhali ezisendaweni—kusiza ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwenzwa ezinqubweni zokubilisa ezingena-aerobic ukuze kukhiqizwe i-biogas.
Ngaphezu kwe-H2S, umusi wamanzi ogcwele kanye ne-carbon dioxide (CO2) kunethonya elibi kuma-sensor. Umphunga wamanzi ungangena ezivalweni nasezindlini, okuholela ekuqongeleleni komswakama, ekuqhekekeni kokushisa, kanye nokufundwa okungaguquki. Ukukhetha ama-sensor anokuvikelwa okuqinile kokungena (i-IP65 noma ngaphezulu), izivalo ezivalekile, kanye nezithiyo ezivikela amanzi kubalulekile. Ukugcinwa njalo kokuvimbela—kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa komonakalo womusi kanye nokufakwa kwe-sensor ngesikhathi esifanele—kuthuthukisa kakhulu impilo ye-sensor kanye nokuthembeka.
I-CO2, ikakhulukazi etholakala ngokugxila okuphezulu ngaphakathi kwe-anaerobic digesters, isheshisa ukugqwala ngokwakhiwa kwe-carbonic acid. Ukusebenzisa izinsimbi ezingamelana nokugqwala nezingxenye ezingezona ezensimbi, njenge-PTFE gaskets, kunikeza isivikelo ekuwohlokeni okubangelwa yi-CO2. Ukuhlanza okuvamile nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kusiza ukuthola izimpawu zokuqala zokugqwala futhi kunciphise imiphumela ekusebenzeni kwezinzwa.
I-Amonia inselele ephindwe kabili ezindleleni zokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-methane. Okokuqala, ibangela ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali, ukuwohloka kwezindawo zezinzwa. Okwesibili, i-ammonia ingabangela ama-crystalline deposits avikela ama-sensor probes futhi aphazamise ukufundwa kwengcindezi okunembile. Amadivayisi aklanyelwe izindawo ezine-ammonia kumele abe nezingubo zokuvimbela ezikhethiwe kanye nezingxenye ezimanzi ngamakhemikhali. Ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho bokulinganisa kulezi zilungiselelo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-methane iyonke.
Kuzo zonke izinto ezingcolisayo, ukuvimbela ukugqwala kudinga ukwakheka kwezinzwa okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziphelele. Ukusebenzisa izindlu zokuvikela eziqinile, ama-diaphragm okuhlukaniswa aqinile ngamakhemikhali, kanye nokugqoka okunezingqimba eziningi kudala inzwa eqinile efanelekile ezindaweni ze-biogas zezimboni. Izinqubo zokulungisa kufanele zifake ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe kokugqwala, ukunakwa okusheshayo kwezinzwa ezonakele, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi yemvelo okulungiselelwe isigaba ngasinye senqubo.
Amaphutha Ahlobene Nezinsimbi: Ukuvaleka, Ukuzulazula, Nokudlidliza
Ukuvaleka kwamapayipi aqondisa ukucindezela kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yamaphutha okulinganisa ezindlela zokulinganisa ukucindezela kwezimboni kanye nezinsimbi. Ukuvaleka kwenzeka ngenxa yokwakheka kwezinto eziqinile (isb., i-biofilm, i-grit, i-precipitates) futhi kunganciphisa kakhulu ukufinyelela kwenzwa ekucindezelweni kwenqubo. Izixazululo eziyinhloko ukuqondisa imishini okufinyeleleka kalula, ukuhlanza amapayipi okuvamile ngamasu okuhlanza noma ukuhlanza, kanye nezici zokuklama njengezindawo zokuhlanza noma amapayipi abanzi. Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo njalo kanye nezikhawu zokuhlanza kuyisihluthulelo sokwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza i-methane.
Ukukhukhuleka kwezinga lokushisa kuthinta izinzwa zokucindezela ngokubangela ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa noma amaphutha angekho. Ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa elizungezile nelenqubo kungabangela izinto zezinzwa ukuthi zande noma zinciphe, okuthinta ukunemba. Izimboni zibhekana nalokhu ngezindlela zokulinganisa ukukhukhuleka okungakho—zisebenzisa ingcindezi yokubhekisela ngaphansi kwezimo ezizinzile kanye nokusetha kabusha isisekelo sezinzwa ngogesi noma ngomshini. Ukusebenzisa imiklamo yezinzwa ezikhokhelwa izinga lokushisa kanye nemigqa yokucindezela evikela ukushisa kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kokushisa.
Ukudlidliza kwemvelo kungenye inkinga enkulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisebenzisa imishini ejikelezayo esheshayo. Ukudlidliza kudlulisela ezinhlotsheni zezinzwa noma ezindaweni zokufaka, kukhiqiza izimpawu zamanga noma ukufihla izinguquko zangempela zokucindezela. Imikhuba emihle yokunciphisa le miphumela ifaka ukufakwa okuqinile ezindaweni ezincishisiwe ukudlidliza, ukuhlukanisa ukuxhumana kusetshenziswa ama-coupling aguquguqukayo, kanye nokugwema ukufakwa kumafreyimu emishini noma amapayipi angafakwanga izinsimbi. Ukufaka izinzwa ebangeni elifanele ukusuka emithonjeni yokudlidliza kunconywa ukuze kufundwe ngokunembile ezindleleni zokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-methane.
Ukucwiliswa emanzini emvula kudala izinselelo ezinkulu ekufakweni kwezinzwa zangaphandle ezinhlelweni zokuqapha ingcindezi eziqhubekayo zezicelo zezimboni. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emvuleni kungabangela ama-short kagesi, ukugqwala, kanye nokwehluleka kwezinzwa. Izindlela zokulwa nalokhu zifaka phakathi ukusebenzisa izindlu zezinzwa ezingangenisi isimo sezulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwekhebula kunezingqimba eziqinile kanye nezimbozo ze-gland, kanye nokusebenzisa izembozo ze-conformal kuma-electronics abucayi. Lezi zinyathelo zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwezinzwa zengcindezi ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwesitshalo esikhulu se-biogas.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamathuluzi Angaphakathi Kokulawula Inqubo Okuphelele
Isu eliphelele lokulawula inqubo ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwesitshalo se-biogas esikhulu lincike ekusetshenzisweni okuhlelekile kwamamitha okuhlushwa ngaphakathi komugqa, amamitha okuxinana ngaphakathi komugqa, ama-transmitter ezingeni elingaphakathi, kanye nama-transmitter okucindezela ngaphakathi komugqa kanye nokushisa. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenzwa luhlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela, lapho ihlanganisiwe, idala ukuqonda okuphelele kwenqubo yokubilisa i-anaerobic yokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas.
Amamitha okuhlushwa angaphakathi komugqafuthiI-LonnmeterAmamitha okuqina angaphakathi alandelela amapharamitha abalulekile njengokuhlushwa kwe-methane kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-slurry. Lokhu kwazisa ngqo abaqhubi ngesimo sezindlela zokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-methane. Isibonelo, ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokuhlushwa kwegesi noma ukuhlushwa kwegesi kungaveza ukuphambuka kwenqubo noma izingozi, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo ukuze kulondolozwe ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-methane.
Ama-transmitter asezingeni eliphakathi ahlala eqapha amazinga e-substrate ngaphakathi kwama-digesters nama-tank okugcina. Ngokuvumelanisa lokhu kufundwa nezimpawu ezivela kuma-transmitter angaphansi kokucindezela kanye nokushisa, abaqhubi abavimbeli nje kuphela ukugcwala noma ukuvalwa kwezinga eliphansi, kodwa futhi balungisa kahle imijikelezo yokufaka ye-feedstock kanye ne-agitation ukuze kutholakale i-methane ephezulu.
Inethiwekhi ehlelekile yezinzwa eziqondile ithuthukisa kakhulu ukuxazulula izinkinga. Uma ingcindezi iqala ukushintshashintsha ngokungalindelekile, idatha evela kumamitha obuningi obuqondile ingaqokomisa izimbangela ezingaba khona, njengokuqongelela komhwamuko wamanzi ogcwele, ukwakheka kwegwebu, noma ukwakheka kwezinto eziqinile. Ama-transmitter okushisa asiza ukuhlukanisa umthelela wokushisa kwezinzwa ezicindezelweni ezishintshashintshayo zengcindezi ezihlobene nenqubo, esekela ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nesenzo sokulungisa.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kubalulekile ekutholakaleni nasekuncishisweni kwegesi ye-hydrogen sulfide ezitshalweni ze-biogas. Amamitha okuhlushwa angaphakathi abonisa amazinga e-H₂S akhuphukayo angalimaza imishini noma athinte ukusetshenziswa kwegesi. Uma ehlanganiswa nedatha yobuningi kanye nengcindezi, abaqhubi bathola izixwayiso kusenesikhathi ngezimo ezivumela ukukhiqizwa kwe-H₂S, okubangela ukungenelela okuqinisa ukuvimbela ukugqwala ezikhungweni ze-biogas zezimboni.
Amathuluzi angaphakathi aphinde athuthukise ukuqapha kanye nokulawula i-carbon dioxide kuma-digesters angena-aerobic. Ukubika kwesikhathi sangempela ngamaphesenti e-CO₂ kuqondisa ukulungiswa kwenqubo ukuze kugcinwe ubumsulwa be-methane buphezulu. Ukulawulwa kokukhishwa kwe-ammonia ezitshalweni ze-biogas, izinga, ubuningi, kanye nokufundwa kwengcindezi ndawonye kwembula izimo ezingavamile ze-substrate, okusekela isenzo esifike ngesikhathi. Lokhu kusabela kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuhambisana nomthetho kanye nokuphepha, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokuphepha kwezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokuqapha ingcindezi eziqhubekayo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni ziyazuza kudatha yenzwa yokusiza. Izindlela zokulinganisa ukukhukhuleka kwe-zero zezinzwa zezimboni kanye nesinxephezelo semiphumela yokudlidliza kwemvelo ekulinganisweni kokulinganisa ingcindezi kusekelwa idatha yokubhekisela ehlukahlukene evela kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene angaphakathi. Ukufundwa okuhlanganisiwe okungaphakathi nakho kusiza ekuboneni izimbangela nezixazululo zokuvaleka kwamapayipi okuqondisa ingcindezi, njengoba ukungafani kwezinga kanye nengcindezi kugqamisa ukuvaleka noma ukuvuza. Ekufakweni kwangaphandle, ukuhlanganiswa kokuvikelwa kokucwiliswa kwamanzi emvula kwezinzwa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile naphezu kwezinselele zemvelo.
Ngokuhlanganisa idatha evela kulezi zinsimbi ezahlukene, abaqhubi bagcina ukuphepha kwenqubo, bathuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane, futhi baqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho okuqhubekayo—ukunikeza ukulawula okuqinile ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas.
Ama-Transmitter Angaphakathi Kwengcindezi e-Lonnmeter: Izixazululo Ezithuthukisiwe Zokukhiqizwa Kwegesi Ye-Methane
Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter angaphakathi aklanyelwe ukubhekana namaqiniso anzima okwakhiwa nokusebenza kwesitshalo se-biogas esikhulu. Kulezi zindawo, amakhemikhali anamandla, umhwamuko wamanzi ogcwele, amazinga okushisa ashintshashintshayo, kanye nokugcwala okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen sulfide kubeka esivivinyweni izinhlelo zokuqapha ingcindezi eziqhubekayo. Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter akhiwe ngezingxenye ezimanzi ezingamelani nokugqwala, ngokuvamile ngensimbi engagqwali engu-316L enezimbozo zomphezulu ezingakhethwa, ukuze zibekezelele ukuchayeka okuqhubekayo ku-hydrogen sulfide kanye ne-ammonia—izinto ezisheshisa ukuwohloka kwenzwa uma zingashiywa zingalawulwa. Izindlu zazo kanye nezixhumi zekhebula zinikeza isivikelo sokungena emanzini emvula, okuyisihluthulelo sokufakwa kwangaphandle lapho ukuvimbela isimo sezulu kungenakuphazanyiswa khona.
Inqubo yokubilisa i-anaerobic yokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas idala izindawo zokulinganisa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter aphatha umswakama ophezulu, i-CO₂ eguquguqukayo, kanye nokweqa kwengcindezi okungazelelwe, okugcina ukuzinza ngisho noma umhwamuko wamanzi agcwele kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kusongela ukunemba. Izinto ezikhethekile zenzwa zinciphisa ukukhukhuleka kwezinga lokushisa, kuyilapho ama-electronics anesinxephezelo esakhelwe ngaphakathi ecindezela imiphumela yokudlidliza kwemvelo kanye nokukhukhuleka okungekho. I-Lonnmeter iphinde ibone inselele yokuvinjelwa kwamapayipi aqondisa ingcindezi—okuvame ukubangelwa ukuminyana kwemidiya noma ukushaqeka okuqinile—enikeza imiklamo eqinile yokufaka ngqo ukunciphisa ukulungiswa nokuvikela ubuqotho bokulinganisa, ngisho nangaphansi kwamazinga odaka noma igwebu eliguquguqukayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlelo zezitshalo ze-SCADA kanye ne-PLC kusho ukuthi abathumeli be-Lonnmeter basekela izinqubo ezifanayo zemboni, njenge-analog engu-4–20 mA kanye ne-Modbus, ukuze kutholakale idatha yesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuhambisana kuvumela ukuxhumana kwesitshalo sonke, ukuxhumanisa abathumeli bengcindezi nezinye izinsimbi ezingaphakathi—njengemitha yobuningi kanye ne-viscosity evela e-Lonnmeter—ukudala i-suite yokwenza ngcono ehlanganisiwe yenqubo yokukhiqiza i-methane. Ngomqondo onembile wokulawula inqubo yokudla yokuqapha ingcindezi engaphakathi, opharetha bangalungisa izitokwe zokudla, amazinga okushukuma, noma amasu okukhipha umoya ngokuguquguqukayo, basekele isivuno esiphezulu se-methane, ukulawulwa kokukhishwa kwe-ammonia okuqinile, kanye namazinga e-carbon dioxide alungiselelwe kuma-digesters e-anaerobic.
Izinzuzo ezisebenzayo zokusebenzisa ama-transmitter angaphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter zibonakala ezilinganisweni zokusebenza kwesitshalo. Ukulinganisa ingcindezi okusabelayo nokuzinzile kwenza kube nokulawulwa kwenqubo okuqinile, kukhuliswe isivuno se-methane futhi kuncishiswe ukuguquguquka kwezindlela zokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-methane. Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esixhunyaniswe nokugqwala, ukuvinjelwa kwamapayipi okuqondisa, noma ukwehluleka kwenzwa. Impilo yenzwa ende, ngenxa yezinto zokwakha zezinga eliphezulu kanye nesinxephezelo esisebenzayo sokukhukhuleka kokushisa kanye nokudlidliza kwemvelo, kuholela ekufakweni kwezinzwa eziphazamisayo ezimbalwa. Izexwayiso zesistimu esebenzayo eziqhutshwa ukutholwa okunembile kwe-anomaly zinciphisa ukuvalwa okuphuthumayo, kunciphisa kokubili izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle kokubili kuyazuzisa. Isexwayiso kusenesikhathi sokukhuphuka kwe-hydrogen sulfide noma ukwanda kokukhishwa kwe-ammonia kuvumela ukunciphisa ngesikhathi, ukuvikela imishini kanye nokuhlangabezana nokuhambisana nemvelo. Ukutholwa okusheshayo kokungena kwamanzi emvula noma amazinga okugcwala angajwayelekile kukhuthaza ukungenelela okusheshayo, kunciphisa amathuba okwehluleka kwemishini okubi kakhulu.
Njengoba zilungiselelwe izidingo zamasu nezinsimbi zokulinganisa ingcindezi yezimboni, ama-Lonnmeter inline pressure transmitters aletha ukunemba nokuthembeka okuhumusha ngqo ekongeni ukusebenza kwabakhiqizi be-biogas, okusekela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okonga izindleko kanye nokukhishwa kwe-methane okusimeme ngezinga.
Ukufakwa OkunconyiweUkulinganisa Ukucindezela Okuqondile
Ukubekwa kahle kwama-transmitter okucindezela ngaphakathi komugqa ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwesitshalo se-biogas esikhulu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni inqubo okuphumelelayo. Izindawo ezifanele zama-transmitter zisekela inqubo yokuvutshelwa kwe-anaerobic yokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas futhi zibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuqapha ingcindezi eziqhubekayo ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini.
Ukubekwa kufanele kubhekane namaphuzu abalulekile emgudwini wenqubo: ngaphambi kwe-anaerobic digester (ukuqapha ukucindezela kwe-feedstock), ngaphakathi kwe-digester (ukubamba amandla okubila), ngokushesha phansi kwe-digester (ukulandelela izindlela zokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-methane), kanye namayunithi okuhlanza igesi ngaphambi nangemva kwayo (njenge-hydrogen sulfide noma i-carbon dioxide scrubbers). Lokhu kuhlelwa kwenza impendulo eqondile yokwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-methane ngokuvumela ukutholakala okusheshayo kokuphakama kwengcindezi, ukwehla kancane kancane ngenxa yokungcola, noma ukuvuza okusongela ukusebenza kahle.
Ukuqondiswa kokukhweza kubalulekile; izinzwa kufanele zifakwe ziqonde lapho kungenzeka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunqwabelana koketshezi ezindaweni zokucindezela futhi kuncishiswe imiphumela yomhwamuko wamanzi ogcwele, okungaphazamisa izilinganiso noma kubangele ukugqwala. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izixhumanisi zivaliwe kahle kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia ne-biogas, okufaka isandla ekugugeni kwemishini. Ukusebenzisa imigqa emifushane, eqondile yokucindezela lapho kudingeka kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvaleka kwezinhlayiya, futhi kuvimbele izimbangela ezivamile zokuvaleka kwamapayipi aqondisa ukucindezela.
Ama-transmitter okucindezela kwezimboni kumele avikelwe ezingozini zemvelo ezivame ezindaweni ze-biogas. Ukuhlukaniswa kokudlidliza kunciphisa ukungalungi kokunyakaza kwepompo noma kwe-compressor, kuyilapho izivalo eziqinile, ezingangenisi isimo sezulu zivikela ekucwilisweni kwamanzi emvula ukuze kufakwe ngaphandle. Izintambo zekhebula nezindlu kumele ziqinisekise ukuvikelwa ekucwilisweni nasekungeneni kothuli.
Ukushelela kwezinga lokushisa kungenye ingozi. Imikhuba yokufaka kufanele igcine ama-transmitter kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile futhi kude nezindawo ezishisayo eduze kwezinjini noma ama-flare, kuncishiswe ukushelela okungu-zero okubangelwa ukushisa. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokulinganisa ukushelela okungu-zero kumele zichazwe, kusetshenziswa amaphuzu okubhekisela noma izingxenye ezihlanzekile zomsebenzi wamapayipi ukuze kusungulwe izilinganiso zokuqala zokulinganisa kabusha.
Ukuvumelanisa izinzwa zokucindezela nezinye izinsimbi ezingaphakathi njengokwezinga, izinga lokushisa, ukuhlushwa kwe-methane, ubuningi (kufaka phakathi amamitha okuqina e-Lonnmeter), kanye nezitholi zegesi ze-hydrogen sulfide kunikeza umbono ophelele wenqubo. Ukubekwa kwalezi zinzwa kufanele kucabangele izimo zokugeleza kwendawo, kugwenywe ukuxokozela okungaphazamisa idatha noma kudale ukubambezeleka kokuphendula. Isibonelo, amamitha okuqina adinga ukugeleza okuzinzile, okungenamabhamuza—ukufaka kokubili amamitha okucindezela kanye nobuningi ndawonye ezigabeni zamapayipi eziqondile, ezixubene kahle kuqinisekisa ukubhekisela okuthembekile futhi kuthuthukisa impendulo yenqubo iyonke.
Ukuvimbela ukugqwala kumele kubhekane nokuqapha ukwakheka kwegesi; i-hydrogen sulfide, i-ammonia, kanye ne-carbon dioxide kungalimaza izindawo zezinzwa eziveziwe. Ukukhethwa kwama-alloy amelana namakhemikhali ezingxenyeni ezimanzi, kanye nokubekwa kwezinzwa okuhlelekile ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinokugqwala okuphezulu, kwandisa impilo yezinzwa futhi kugcina ukunemba.
Ukuhlanganisa zonke izindlela zokulinganisa eziqondile, nokulandela le mikhuba emihle kakhulu yokubeka nokufaka, kusekela ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokunembile kwenqubo yokugaya igesi engadingi i-anaerobic kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo zokucubungula igesi, kubeka isisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-methane okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile, kwesikhathi eside ngezinga.
Cela Isilinganiso: Thuthukisa Ukukhiqizwa Kwakho KweMethane ngeLonnmeter
Ama-transmitter e-inline pressure e-Lonnmeter achaza kabusha ukuthembeka nokuphepha ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwesitshalo se-biogas esikhulu. Ngezinto eziqinile, ezingagqwali, lawa ma-transmitter amelana negesi ye-hydrogen sulfide, umhwamuko wamanzi ogcwele, kanye namakhemikhali anolaka avamile enkambisweni yokubilisa i-anaerobic yokukhiqizwa kwe-biogas. Ukwakheka kwawo kwe-inline kumelana nokuvinjelwa okuvela ezintweni eziqinile kanye nama-condensate, kusekela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela okungaphazanyiswa kuzo zonke izindlela zokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-methane ezidingakalayo.
Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter ahlinzeka ngezilinganiso zokucindezela okuqhubekayo nokunembile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo okusheshayo kokuqapha i-carbon dioxide kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-ammonia, kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Izinqubo zabo zokulinganisa zero drift ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezindawo eziqinile zilwa nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokudlidliza kwemvelo, zigcina ukunemba okuzinzile ngisho nasezindaweni zangaphandle ezivezwe ekucwilisweni kwamanzi emvula kanye nothuli. Lezi zici zivimbela ukulahleka kwedatha futhi zinciphisa ukungenelela kokulungisa okubizayo okuvame ukubangelwa ukwehluleka kwezinzwa noma ukuvaleka kwamapayipi aqondisa ingcindezi.
Abaphathi bezinqubo, onjiniyela bezitshalo, kanye nabanikazi bezikhungo ze-biogas abafuna ukuthuthukisa amasu okulinganisa ingcindezi yezimboni kanye namathuluzi okwenza ngcono inqubo yokukhiqiza i-methane bangazuza ezixazululweni zenzwa ye-Lonnmeter ezenzelwe wena. Cela ukubonisana noma ikhotheshini eyenzelwe wena namuhla—isipho ngasinye sivumelaniswa nezidingo ezithile zesikhungo sakho zokusebenza okungenakuyekethiswa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
- Kungani ukulinganisa ingcindezi eqondile kubalulekile kuma-digesters angena-aerobic ezitshalweni ze-biogas?
Ukulinganisa ingcindezi eqondile kubalulekile ekugcineni izimo zokubilisa ezizinzile ze-anaerobic, njengoba ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi kukhombisa ngqo izinkinga ezifana nokungahambisani kwe-feedstock, ukuvinjelwa kwamapayipi, ukuphakama kokukhiqizwa kwegesi, noma ukuvuza. Lawa maphuzu edatha wesikhathi sangempela asekela umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wamagciwane, avimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-methane okucindezelwe ekucindezelweni okuphezulu, futhi agweme izingozi zokuphepha ezivela ekukhishweni kwegesi okungalawulwa—konke lokhu kubeka isisekelo semikhiqizo ephezulu ye-biogas kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo.
- Yiziphi izinselele ezibalulekile zemvelo ezibhekene nabathumeli bengcindezi eqondile emisebenzini yesitshalo se-biogas?
Ama-inline pressure transmitters ezitshalweni ze-biogas kumele amelane nezimo ezinamandla okuhlanganisa i-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) kanye nokugqwala okubangelwa yi-carbon dioxide, umhwamuko wamanzi ogcwele ongabangela ukwakheka komswakama kanye nokwehluleka kwezinzwa, ukukhukhuleka kwezinga lokushisa okuguquguqula ukufundwa, ukudlidliza kwemvelo okuvela emishinini yasendaweni, kanye nokucwiliswa kwamanzi emvula ukuze kufakwe ngaphandle. Imiklamo eqinile (isb., izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-316L, ulwelwesi olungenamanzi, izindlu ze-IP65+) ziyadingeka ukunciphisa lezi zingozi.
- Idatha yokucindezela okuqondile isiza kanjani ukulawula ukukhishwa okuyingozi njenge-H₂S, i-CO₂, kanye ne-ammonia ezitshalweni ze-biogas?
Idatha yokucindezela isebenza njengohlelo lokuxwayisa kwasekuqaleni ngezimo ezibangela ukukhishwa okuyingozi: ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi okungavamile kungabonisa amazinga e-H₂S akhuphukayo (okubangela ukugqwala), amazinga e-CO₂ angalingani (okunciphisa ubumsulwa be-methane), noma izingozi zokukhishwa kwe-ammonia ezivela ekuvuthweni okungazinzile. Uma kuhlanganiswe nezinye izinzwa ezingaphakathi (isb., amamitha okuhlushwa), le datha ivumela amasu okunciphisa aqondisiwe—njengokuhlafuna i-H₂S noma ukulungiswa kwenqubo yokulawula i-CO₂—ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho kanye nobude besikhathi semishini.
- Yiziphi izindlela zokulinganisa nokulungisa ezidingekayo kuma-inline pressure transmitters ezindaweni ze-biogas?
Ukuqinisekiswa okuvamile kanye nokulungiswa kabusha kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ukunemba, ngezindlela zokulinganisa ukukhukhuleka ezingasetshenziswa ukusetha kabusha izisekelo zezinzwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezizinzile. Ukugcinwa kuhlanganisa nokubhekana nokukhukhuleka kokushisa ngemiklamo yezinzwa ekhokhelwayo, ukuhlanza njalo amapayipi aqondisa ingcindezi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvinjelwa okuvela ku-biofilm noma ukwakheka kwezinto eziqinile, kanye nokuhlola izivalo/izindlu ukuze kuvikelwe umhwamuko wamanzi kanye nokungena kwemvula. Lezi zinyathelo zinciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi futhi ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekile kwesikhathi eside.
- Ingabe ama-inline pressure transmitters angahlangana nezinye izinzwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulawulwa kwenqubo yesitshalo se-biogas?
Yebo, ukuhlanganisa ama-inline pressure transmitters namamitha okuminyana, amazinga, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokuhlushwa kudala uhlelo lokuqapha inqubo ephelele. Isibonelo, ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi okuhlangene nedatha yokuminyana kungakhomba ukwakheka kwe-foam noma ukuqongelela komhwamuko wamanzi, kuyilapho ukuhlanganisa ingcindezi kanye nokufundwa kwamazinga kusiza ukuvimbela ukugcwala kwe-digester noma ukugcwalisa okunganele. Lokhu kusakazwa kwedatha okuhlanganisiwe kusekela ukuxazulula izinkinga okusheshayo, ukulungiswa okunembile kwe-feedstock, kanye nokulawulwa kokukhishwa okuthuthukisiwe—ekugcineni kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwesitshalo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-methane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-08-2026
