Ukuqapha ingcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kwenqubo yokuhluza uphethiloli kuphephile futhi kuyasebenza. Ukulinganisa ingcindezi eqondile kuqinisekisa ukuthiamakholomu okucwilisa, kokubili emoyeni kanye ne-vacuum, zisebenza ngaphakathi kwamapharamitha aklanyelwe, zithonya ngqo ikhwalithi yokuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo kanye nomkhiqizo wenqubo iyonke.
Idatha yokucindezela okuqhubekayo nokunembile emgqeni ibalulekile ngesikhathi sokuhluzwa kwenqubo kaphethiloli. Ukuguquguquka kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kwamakholomu okuhluzwa emoyeni kungathinta amaphuzu okubila kanye nokulingana kwesigaba, okubangela ukuhlukaniswa okungaphelele noma izingxenyana zikaphethiloli ezingacacisiwe. Lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukwehla kwesivuno, noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwandisiwe njengoba opharetha bezama ukulungisa ukuphambuka. Opharetha bokucindezela ngaphakathi emgqeni basabela ngokushesha kakhulu kunezinhlelo ezikude ezindala, banikeza impendulo ethembekile ekulawuleni izinqubo futhi banciphise ukubambezeleka okubangelwa yimigqa yokushukuma kanye ne-gradient yokushisa. Lokhu kunemba kuvumela opharetha ukuthi balondoloze izilinganiso ezifanele zomswakama-uketshezi futhi bavimbele ukuphazamiseka ekuhluzweni, okubalulekile kokubili ekusebenzeni kwekholomu yokuhluzwa emoyeni kanye nokuphathwa kwenqubo yekholomu yokuhluzwa nge-vacuum.
Amakholomu Okuhluza Asetshenziswa Ekuhlanzeni Amafutha Angcolile
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Izisekelo Zokucwiliswa Kwephethiloli: Amakholomu Okucwiliswa Kwe-Atmospheric kanye ne-Vacuum
Ukuhluzwa kwe-distillation kusekela indlela esebenza ngayo indawo yokuhluzwa kwephethiloli, ihlukanisa uwoyela ongahluziwe oyinkimbinkimbi ube yimikhiqizo eyigugu ngokusebenzisa umehluko ezindaweni zokubila. Ikholomu yokuhluzwa emoyeni iyisinyathelo sokuqala enqubweni yokuhluzwa kwephethiloli. Lapha, uwoyela ongahluziwe uyashiswa futhi upheshulwe ngomfutho oseduze nomoya. Njengoba umusi ukhuphuka phakathi kwekholomu, amathreyi noma ukupakisha kukhulisa ukuxhumana nezindawo ezipholile, okubangela ukujiya kwezingxenyana ezisindayo emazingeni aphansi, kuyilapho ama-hydrocarbon alula—njenge-naphtha (i-precursor yephethiloli), i-parafini, nedizili—eqhubeka ikhuphukela ezindaweni zazo zokuqoqa. Ukusebenza kwekholomu kuthinta ngqo ukuphuma kwefektri yokuhluzwa, ngokwandiswa kwezindawo zokuhluzwa ezinkulu ngo-2024 kwandisa umthamo futhi kuthuthukise umkhiqizo wephethiloli kanye nezinye izinto ezihluzwayo ezibalulekile.
Uma ukuhluzwa komoya sekuqediwe, insalela esindayo, engashiswanga ngomhwamuko idluliselwa kukholomu yokuhluzwa komoya. Isebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi encishisiwe, ikholomu yokuhluzwa komoya ivimbela ukuqhekeka kokushisa ngokunciphisa amaphuzu abilayo, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okwengeziwe kwezingxenye ezifana namafutha ayisisekelo okugcoba, ama-wax, namafutha egesi anzima. Ngaphezu kwama-80% ezindawo zokuhluza zanamuhla zisebenzisa ukuhluzwa komoya kulokhu kuguqulwa kwezinsalela ezibalulekile, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekusebenzeni kahle.indawo yokuhluza uphethiloliizinyathelo zenqubo.
Ukucindezela kubalulekile kokubili ekusebenzeni kwekholomu yokuhluza emoyeni kanye nenqubo yekholomu yokuhluza nge-vacuum. Ukugcina ukucindezela okufanele kuqinisekisa ukulingana komswakama-uketshezi okubikezelwayo (VLE), okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okunembile kwama-hydrocarbon ngokuguquguquka kwawo. Ukucindezela okungalungile kungashintsha amaphuzu okubila futhi kuphazamise ukuhlukaniswa, kubeke engcupheni ukusabela okungathandeki noma ukwehluleka ukuhlukanisa imikhiqizo oyifunayo. Isibonelo, ukucindezela okukhulu kwekholomu kwandisa iphuzu lokubila, okungaholela ekuwohlokeni kokushisa kwezingxenyana ezibucayi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimo ze-vacuum zehlisa amaphuzu okubila, okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa ngaphandle kokuguquka kwezingxenye ezisindayo.
Ukulinganisa ingcindezi okunembile, kwesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukuhluzwa kwenqubo kaphethiloli. Ama-transmitter okucindezela kwezimboni, njengama-transmitter okucindezela okuhlukile, afakwa ezindaweni eziqondiwe ukuze aqaphe njalo ukuhlukahluka kwengcindezi kanye nobuqotho bekholomu. Lawa madivayisi, kufaka phakathi amamodeli abhekiselwe kumhlahlandlela wokufaka i-transmitter we-Rosemount 3051 kanyeUmthumeli wokucindezela we-2088izici, zinikeza idatha ethembekile eku-inthanethi yokulinganisa igesi kanye noketshezi, ukuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwekholomu yokuhluza ehlanzekile ephephile futhi esebenza kahle. Izinto zangaphakathi zekholomu ezithuthukisiwe—njengamathileyi athuthukisiwe kanye nokupakisha okuhlelekile—kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula izinqubo ezihlanganisiwe manje zithuthukisa ukuzinza kwengcindezi kumayunithi e-vacuum, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokulinganisa ukuze kutholakale ikhwalithi kanye nokwenza ngcono isivuno.
Intuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe bokuhluza nge-vacuum igxile ekuthuthukiseni izinto zangaphakathi, ukwenza lula ukulawulwa kwengcindezi, kanye nokuhlanganisa ukuqapha kwedijithali. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuzenzakalela kanye nokumodela ngokomzimba kusekela ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokuguquguquka, kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwesivuno. Ukwamukelwa okwandayo kwe-vacuum distillation, manje okujwayelekile ekuguqulweni kwezinsalela, kubonisa indima yayo ebalulekile njengengxenye yezinyathelo zenqubo yokuhluza uphethiloli zokukhiqiza izingxenyana zenani eliphezulu ezivela ekudleni okuluhlaza okuyinkimbinkimbi nokusindayo.
Ngamafuphi, ukusebenzisana kwamakholomu okucwebezelisa asemoyeni kanye nawavacuum, okulawulwa ukuphathwa kwengcindezi okunezici kanye namadivayisi okulinganisa ingcindezi yezimboni aqinile aku-inthanethi, kuyisisekelo sezinqubo zokucwebezelisa uphethiloli. La makholomu ndawonye asekela ukuguquguquka kwefektri yokucwenga, athuthukisa ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo, futhi aqhubekisele phambili umphumela wokuphendula ekuguqukeni kwezakhi ezingavuthiwe kanye namaphethini okufunwa.
Izinselele Zokulinganisa Ingcindezi Yokucwiliswa Kwephethiloli
Izinqubo zokucwilisa uphethiloli zenzeka ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwekholomu yokucwilisa emoyeni kuveza amadivayisi okulinganisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, avame ukudlula u-400°C, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zekholomu. Kula mazinga okushisa, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nezivalo kuma-transmitter okucindezela ezimboni ukuze kulinganiswe igesi noketshezi zibhekene nokuwohloka nokukhukhuleka kwe-polymer, okungalimaza ukunemba kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi.
Izimo ezigqwalisayo zengeza olunye ungqimba lobunzima. Izitsha zokudla enqubweni yokuhluza uphethiloli ziqukethe ama-sulfur compounds nama-chloride. Lezi zingxenye, ezihlanganiswe nomhwamuko wamanzi ekushiseni okuphezulu, zakha ama-acid agqwalisayo angahlasela izinhlelo zokulinganisa zendabuko ezisekelwe ensimbini noma elastomer. Isibonelo, ama-diaphragm enzwa yokucindezela yensimbi engagqwali angase ahlushwe ukugqwala noma ukuqhekeka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zenqubo yekholomu yokuhluza nge-vacuum. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele njenge-alloys ephezulu ye-nickel noma ama-diaphragm e-ceramic kuba yinto ebalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho bomthumeli.
Izinyathelo zenqubo yokucwenga uphethiloli nazo zethula amaphrofayili okucindezela ashintshashintshayo futhi avame ukuba nezinxushunxushu ngenxa yokushintsha kwamazinga okuphakelayo, ukulungiswa kokudonsa, noma ukuguqulwa kwesilinganiso se-reflux. Ngesikhathi sokuhluzwa kwenqubo kaphethiloli, ukuhamba okusheshayo kanye nokugeleza kokushaya kungadlulisela umsindo ezimpawini zokulinganisa. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukulawula okuzinzile, kudinga abathumeli bengcindezi abanempendulo esheshayo, enamandla kanye namakhono okuhlunga edijithali ukubika ukucindezeleka kwenqubo yangempela ngokushesha.
Ukuthembela ekungeneleleni ngesandla kwandisa ingozi yamaphutha abantu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokulawula ezibalulekile njengokucindezela komusi ongaphezulu kanye nokucindezela komkhiqizo phansi. Ukungena ngemvume okungaguquki noma ukufundwa ngesandla okubambezelekile kuletha ukungaqiniseki, okuthinta ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi sangempela. Ama-transmitter okucindezela aqinile, asebenza ngokugcwele ku-inthanethi anciphisa le ngozi ngokunikeza idatha eqhubekayo, yesikhathi sangempela kulo lonke ukuphakama kwekholomu, esekela kokubili ukulungiswa kokunqunywa komkhiqizo kanye nokuhlela ukulungiswa kwekholomu yokuhluza i-refinery.
Ngenxa yokuthi ukufundwa kwengcindezi okubucayi kuthinta ngqo amaphuzu okusika komkhiqizo kanye nemikhiqizo, ukuthembeka kwedivayisi akunakuxoxiswana ngakho. Ukwehluleka kwama-transmitter okucindezela okuhlukile kwensizakalo yokuhluza kungabangela izingxenye zokuxuba ze-naphtha noma zephethiloli ezingacacisiwe, okuphoqa ukucubungula kabusha noma ukulahlwa. Isidingo sokunciphisa iphutha lokungenelela kanye nokulinganisa sinamandla kakhulu ezingxenyeni zokulungisa nokususa lapho ngisho nokuphambuka okuncane kwengcindezi kushintsha khona ukulingana kwangaphakathi komusi noketshezi. Ukukhetha amadivayisi aqinile amadivayisi okulinganisa ingcindezi yezimboni ku-inthanethi, nokulandela imihlahlandlela yokufaka enembile, kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukuhambisana kwenqubo.
Ngamafuphi, izinselele eziyingqayizivele zenqubo yokuhluza uphethiloli—ukushisa, amakhemikhali, kanye nokuguquguquka—zidinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokulinganisa ingcindezi. Ama-transmitter aqinile, aphendula ngokushesha, kanye namelana nokugqwala kuphela, achazwe ngokusebenza okuqhubekayo noku-inthanethi ngokulungiswa okuncane kwabantu, angaqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside, okuncishisiwe kwamaphutha kulezi zindawo zokuhluza.
Ama-Inline Pressure Transmitters: Izixazululo Zokwenza Inqubo Yokucwilisa Ingasebenzi
Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter angaphakathi aklanyelwe ukulinganisa okunembile, okuqinile, nokuqhubekayo, asekela zonke izigaba zenqubo yokuhluza uphethiloli. Lawa ma-transmitter aklanyelwe ukumelana nezingcindezi eziguquguqukayo ezitholakala ekusebenzeni kwekholomu yokuhluza emoyeni kanye nezingcindezi eziphansi zenqubo yekholomu yokuhluza i-vacuum. Ubuchwepheshe bawo obuthuthukisiwe bezinzwa buqinisekisa ama-transmitter engcindezi yezimboni athembekile okulinganisa igesi noketshezi, aletha ukunemba okuqhubekayo ngisho nalapho evezwa amazinga okushisa ashintshashintshayo, ukudlidliza okungokwenyama, kanye nokungcola kwamakhemikhali.
Amakhono okuqapha okuqhubekayo ama-pressure transmitter e-Lonnmeter anikeza ukuqonda okusheshayo kokubili ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi okuvamile nokungajwayelekile. Lokhu kuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi balungise ngokushesha ukugeleza, imithwalo ye-condenser, noma imisebenzi ye-reboiler ngaphakathi kokuhluzwa kwenqubo yephethiloli. Ukufundwa kwengcindezi okunembile kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sezinyathelo zenqubo yokucwenga uphethiloli lapho ukukhukhula kwamakholomu, ukukhala, noma umonakalo wokupakisha kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle noma ezingozini zokusebenza.
Izici ezibalulekile zokuklama zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo kanye nokuthembeka. Ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter asebenzisa izinto ezingamelani namakhemikhali ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nama-hydrocarbon anamandla kanye nezinto zokuhlanza ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwekholomu yokuhluza i-refinery. Ukwakhiwa kwawo okuqinile kuvumela ukuthunyelwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zamakholomu okuhluza—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi afakwe eduze kwamathileyi agqwalisayo, emigqeni ephezulu, noma ekudonsweni ohlangothini lwe-vacuum. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-elekthronikhi okuthuthukisiwe ngaphakathi kwama-transmitter kusiza ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela, kusiza ukuxilongwa kanye nokusekela ukulawulwa kwenqubo okunembile. Le mpendulo yesikhathi sangempela inika amandla opharetha ukuthi balondoloze ukulawula okuqinile kokubili ekusetshenzisweni kwamakholomu asemoyeni kanye nawase-vacuum.
Ukushintsha okungenamthungo phakathi kwezinyathelo zokuhluza kuncike kakhulu kumaphrofayili okucindezela azinzile. Amadivayisi okulinganisa ingcindezi yezimboni anembile, aku-inthanethi angasiza abaqhubi ukuthi balindele izinguquko ekulinganisweni komswakama-uketshezi, bagweme kokubili izehlakalo ezingacacisiwe zomkhiqizo kanye nokuvalwa okungahleliwe. Amadivayisi eLonnmeter asekela lokhu ngokugcina ukulandelela okuphezulu kwezinguquko zengcindezi ngezinyathelo zokushisa, ukuhwamuka, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye nokufinyela. Lokhu kubalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo nokuqinisekisa amaphuzu okusika umkhiqizo anenzuzo kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwekholomu yokuhluza.
Ukuphepha kokusebenza kuthuthukiswa kakhulu ngedatha yokucindezela ethembekile emugqeni. Izimbangela ze-alamu ezifanele kanye nemisebenzi yohambo ezenzakalelayo incike ekuqapheni kwesikhathi sangempela, okunciphisa izingozi ezifana nokucindezela ngokweqile, ukuwa kwe-vacuum, kanye nokukhishwa kwama-hydrocarbon okungenzeka. Ngamafuphi, ama-transmitter e-Lonnmeter angaphakathi ahlinzeka ngokwakhiwa okuqinile, izici zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuqinile okudingekayo ekusebenzeni kahle, okuphephile, nokusebenza kahle kwamakholomu okuhluza uphethiloli—okuletha izinsimbi ezibalulekile zokuqonda ukuthi indawo yokuhluza uphethiloli isebenza kanjani kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni.
I-Rosemount 3051vsUmthumeli Wokucindezela ka-2088
IUmthumeli wokucindezela ohlukile we-Rosemount 3051iyisici esiyinhloko sokulinganisa ingcindezi enembile ezinqubweni zokuhlanza uphethiloli. Ukwakheka kwayo kugcizelela ukusebenza okuphezulu, kusekela imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuqapha ukwehla kwengcindezi kumathileyi noma imibhede epakishiwe kokubili ekusebenzeni kwekholomu yokuhluza emoyeni kanye nezinyathelo zenqubo yekholomu yokuhluza nge-vacuum. Ukunemba okuphezulu—ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kuka-±0.04% wesikhathi—kuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nezinguquko ezincane zengcindezi ezibonisa izinga loketshezi, izinga lokugeleza, noma ubuningi ziyatholwa, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwekholomu okuzinzile kanye nempendulo yesikhathi sangempela ekuhluzeni inqubo yephethiloli.
Inzuzo enkulu ye-Rosemount 3051 transmitter yi-enclosure yayo encane neqinile, evumela ukufakwa ezindaweni eziqinile kumakholomu okuhlanza ngenkathi igcina ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside. Izinqubo zokuxhumana zedijithali ezifana ne-HART kanye ne-Foundation Fieldbus zenza kube lula ukulinganisa, ukuxilongwa, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezisatshalaliswayo. Lokhu kusekela ukugcinwa kwekholomu yokuhluza i-refinery okuhlelekile futhi kuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwepharamitha yenzwa ngesikhathi sezinyathelo zenqubo yokuhluza uphethiloli. Ukufakwa kungabhekisela kumhlahlandlela wokufaka i-Rosemount 3051 transmitter ukuze kulungiswe kahle futhi kuxhunywe umugqa we-impulse, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunemba kwedatha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Rosemount 2088 pressure transmitter isetshenziselwa i-direct gauge noma i-absolute pressure measures ye-process streams engena noma ephuma kuma-distillation columns. Ukwakhiwa kwayo okuqinile kumelana nezimo ezinzima ezivamile ezindaweni zokuhlanza uphethiloli, okuhlanganisa ukudlidliza, izimo ezigqwalisayo, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuvamile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwama-pressure transmitter ezimbonini ukuze kulinganiswe igesi noketshezi. Izinto zokuzwa ngokunemba, ezinobubanzi obuvumelana nezingcindezi eziningi zenqubo yokuhlanza, ziqinisekisa ukuthi i-pressure transmitter ka-2088 inemiphumela ezinzile nephindaphindayo yokusetshenziswa kuzo zombili izingxenye zekholomu zomoya neze-vacuum.
Zombili izithumeli ezingama-3051 kanye ne-2088 zihlangana kahle nokuzishintsha kwenqubo, zisekela impendulo eqhubekayo kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha okusheshayo. Izinketho zazo zokufaka eziguquguqukayo kanye nemiphumela yesignali ejwayelekile zizenza zifanelekele amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa noma njengokushintsha ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwefekthri. Lezi zithumeli zokucindezela ezihlukile zohlelo lokusebenza lokuhluza zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokuhluza uphethiloli okuzinzile, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe, futhi zisekele ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zokusebenza. Ukufaka amadivayisi okulinganisa ingcindezi yezimboni afakazelwe ensimini ku-inthanethi kuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokulawulwa kwenqubo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ezinyathelweni zenqubo yokuhluza uphethiloli ezibalulekile, kusukela ekushiseni kwangaphambilini kokuphakelwa kuya ekudonsweni komkhiqizo.
Ukucacisa imboni efaneleamadivayisi okulinganisa ingcindezi ku-inthanethiKubalulekile enkambisweni yokuhluza uphethiloli, ikakhulukazi lapho ukunemba nokuthembeka kokufundwa kuthinta ukuphepha kokusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. I-Lonnmeter igxile ekwenzeni ukukhethwa kwama-inline pressure transmitters kube lula kubasebenzi be-refinery abaphatha inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhluza uphethiloli.
Ukukhetha ama-transmitter okusebenza kwekholomu yokuhluza emoyeni kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo yekholomu yokuhluza nge-vacuum kudinga ulwazi oluningiliziwe lokusebenza. Ukucushwa kwenqubo yendawo ngayinye yokuhluza kudinga izici zedivayisi ezihlukile, ezithinta izindawo zokufaka, ukuhambisana kwezingxenye, kanye nemijikelezo yokulungisa. I-Lonnmeter inikeza ukwesekwa okuzinikele ngamathimba onjiniyela abanolwazi abasiza ekuhlukaniseni izidingo zendawo yokuhluza—kusukela ezigabeni zokuhlukanisa emibhoshongweni yomoya kanye neyokuhluza kuya emizileni yamapayipi okugeleza kwegesi kanye noketshezi.
Izinyathelo zenqubo yokucwenga uphethiloli zivame ukubandakanya izindawo eziningi zokucindezela, ngayinye inezidingo ezihlukile zokudlulisela. Isibonelo, ukuqapha ngokunembile umehluko phakathi kokucindezela kwekholomu kanye nokucindezela kwe-condenser kubalulekile kokubili kumayunithi asemoyeni kanye nawavacuum ukuze kugcinwe ukuhlukaniswa okuhle. Ngenkathi amamodeli ajwayelekile okudlulisela afana nochungechunge lwe-3051 evame ukubhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni zawo, izindawo eziningi zokuhlanza zidinga ukulinganiswa noma ukulungiswa kwezici ngale kwezincazelo eziyisisekelo zedatha. Ochwepheshe be-Lonnmeter bayasiza ekuqondeni le mininingwane, baqinisekise ukuthi ukukhethwa akuhlangabezani nje kuphela nezici ezijwayelekile zokudlulisela kodwa kulungiselelwe izidingo ezithile zamakhemikhali kanye nezemishini zesigaba ngasinye sokukhipha iziphuzo.
Ukucela ikhotheshini evela eLonnmeter kuxhumanisa ngqo opharetha nalolu lwazi olugxile kuhlelo lokusebenza. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izincomo zedivayisi—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingezabathumeli bokucindezela abahlukahlukene abanokunemba okuphezulu bemigqa ephezulu yefektri yokuhluza noma amathuluzi aqinile ezindawo zokudonsa izinsalela—kubonisa izidingo eziqondile zokusebenza. Umphumela uba ukuhambisana nezimpahla ezindala kanye nezinhlelo zekholomu zesimanje kuzo zonke izigaba zokuhluza nokuhlanza uphethiloli.
Ukuzibandakanya ngqo ngesilinganiso akupheli ekuhlinzekweni kwedivayisi. Ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo kweLonnmeter kudlulela ekucacisweni, ukufakwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwekholomu yokuhluza njalo kwefekthri, kuxazululwa ukukhathazeka okuvamile mayelana nendlela esebenza ngayo ifekthri kaphethiloli kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle ngokuqhubekayo. Lesi siqondiso esiklanyelwe wena, sihlanganiswe nokuqonda okuqondene nomkhiqizo, siqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside kuma-transmitter okucindezela kwezimboni ukuze kulinganiswe igesi noketshezi—okunikeza amandla opharetha ukuphatha izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi zefekthri ngokuzethemba.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Iyini indima yokulinganisa ingcindezi enqubweni yokuhluza uphethiloli?
Ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi kubalulekile enqubweni yokuhluza uphethiloli. Ukufundwa kwengcindezi okunembile, kwesikhathi sangempela kugcina izimo zokusebenza ezifanele ngaphakathi kwamakholomu omoya kanye nowokuhluza nge-vacuum. Ingcindezi ezinzile ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezingxenyana ezahlukene ze-hydrocarbon. Uma ingcindezi idlula ngaphandle kwamanani aqondiwe, abaqhubi bangabona imikhiqizo noma ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo okungacacisiwe. Ekusebenzeni kwekholomu yokuhluza nge-atmospheric, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi okunembile kuvimbela ukukhukhula noma ukukhala, okwandisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Enqubweni yekholomu yokuhluza nge-vacuum, ukugcina ingcindezi ephansi kugwema ukuqhekeka kokushisa, kuvikele isivuno esibalulekile. Ukulinganiswa kwengcindezi okusebenzayo kuvikela kokubili ukuphepha kanye nobuqotho bokusebenza ekuhluzeni kwenqubo kaphethiloli.
Ama-pressure transmitter e-Rosemount 3051 kanye ne-2088 ayithuthukisa kanjani imisebenzi yokucwenga?
I-Rosemount 3051 differential pressure transmitter inikeza ukuqapha okunembile kakhulu, okuqondile kokulinganisa igesi noketshezi. Isekela ukutholakala okusheshayo kwezinguquko ezincane zokucindezela ezibonisa ukwehla noma ukuvuza kwekholomu. I-Rosemount 2088 pressure transmitter yaziwa ngokuthembeka kanye nezidingo zokulungisa ezincishisiwe. Zombili lezi zithumeli zifaka phakathi ukuvala okuqinile kanye ne-elekthronikhi ezifanele izindawo ezinzima zokuhlanza. Lezi zici zisiza opharetha ukuba banamathele kumashejuli okulungisa ikholomu yokuhluza i-refinery ngokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Ngokufakwa okusheshayo (njengoba kuchaziwe kumhlahlandlela wokufaka i-Rosemount 3051 transmitter) kanye nokuqina okuqinisekisiwe, banikeza idatha eqhubekayo ebalulekile ekugcineni izinyathelo zenqubo yokuhluza uphethiloli eziphephile nezinenzuzo.
Kungani ukuhluzwa kwe-vacuum kubalulekile enqubweni yokuhluza uphethiloli?
Ukuhluzwa kwe-vacuum kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izingxenyana ezisindayo ezisele ngemuva kokuhluzwa komoya. Ngokunciphisa ingcindezi yekholomu, amaphuzu okubilisa ama-hydrocarbon asindayo ayancipha, okuvumela ukuhlukana emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuqhekeka kokushisa, okungase kuholele ekwakhekeni kwe-coke kanye nokungcoliswa kwemishini. Inqubo yekholomu yokuhluzwa kwe-vacuum ngaleyo ndlela yandisa uhla lwemikhiqizo—kufaka phakathi izingxenyana ezilula zephethiloli—okuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwefekthri yokuhluzwa. Lesi sinyathelo siyisihluthulelo sokwandisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi enqubweni yokuhluzwa kwephethiloli iyonke, okuvumela ukubuyiselwa kwama-distillates engeziwe angachithwa noma onakaliswe ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya.
Ingabe ama-transmitter okucindezela e-Lonnmeter angasetshenziswa kokubili kumakholomu okushisa asemoyeni kanye nakuma-vacuum?
Ama-transmitter okucindezela angaphakathi kwe-Lonnmeter akhelwe ukuguquguquka kokusetshenziswa kuyo yonke inqubo yokucwenga. Asebenza ngokwethembeka kokubili kumakholomu okucwenga asemoyeni kanye nawase-vacuum, amukela izingcindezi zenqubo eziguquguqukayo kanye nezimo zamakhemikhali ezinzima. Umklamo wawo usebenzisa izinto ezingamelani nokugqwala kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwesignali ye-modular, enikeza idatha yokucindezela ehambisanayo nenembile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuqapha izimo ezidingayo zokusebenza kwekholomu yokucwenga yasemoyeni noma izidingo eziqondile zenqubo yekholomu yokucwenga yase-vacuum, ubunjiniyela be-Lonnmeter buqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesignali, ukunemba, kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
Ngingawatholaphi amadivayisi okulinganisa ingcindezi athembekile ku-inthanethi ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini yokuhluza?
I-Lonnmeter inikeza iphothifoliyo yama-transmitter okucindezela kwezimboni angaphakathi komugqa wokulinganisa igesi noketshezi, aklanyelwe ngqo izinqubo zokuhlanza uphethiloli. Ukuthenga amadivayisi okulinganisa ukucindezela kwezimboni ku-inthanethi kusuka ku-Lonnmeter kuvumela ukufinyelela kokusekelwa kobunjiniyela okukhethekile kanye nobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo obuningiliziwe. Izincomo ezinemininingwane zibhekana nokufakwa okusha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamayunithi akhona. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isidingo ama-transmitter okucindezela ahlukile amakholomu okuhluza okuhlanza noma amathuluzi okuhlela ukulungiswa, ukuxhumana ngqo ne-Lonnmeter kuqinisekisa izixazululo ezenzelwe isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo yokuhluza uphethiloli.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-05-2026
