Embonini yensimbi, ukugcina ukusebenza kahle ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya insimbi kubalulekile ekususeni isikali se-oxide kanye nokushisa, ukuqinisekisa izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zendabuko zokugaya insimbi, ezincike ekwelashweni kwamakhemikhali njenge-hydrochloric (I-HCl) noma i-sulfuric acid, ivame ukuhlushwa imiphumela engaguquki ngenxa yezixazululo ze-asidi eziwohlokayo kanye nokuntuleka kokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuholela ekungasebenzi kahle, amazinga aphezulu okwenqatshwa, kanye nezinselele ezibizayo zokuthobela imithetho ye-EPA.
I-Lonnmeterimitha yobuningi be-asidi emugqeniiyithuluzi elishintsha umdlalo elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic ukuze liqhubekeukulinganiswa kobuningi be-asidi ku-inthanethi. Yakhelwe izitshalo zokugaya insimbi kanye nochwepheshe, le mitha yobuningi be-asidi eqondile inikeza ukunemba okungenamanzi, izinto ezingamelani ne-asidi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuzenzakalelayo okungenamthungo. Yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza insimbi, izitshalo zokucubungula insimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous, izindawo zokukhiqiza amabheringi kanye nezinamathiselo, izitshalo zokufaka i-electroplating, imigqa yokukhiqiza i-anodizing, izitshalo zokukhiqiza i-wafer, izimboni zebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe (i-PCB), abakhiqizi bemishini yamakhemikhali, izitshalo zokuvuselela insimbi kanye nokuvuselela.
Ulwazi Lobuchwepheshe
Nakuba ukungasebenzi kahle kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi engagqwali, akukwazi ukubhekana nokungapheleli okuthile kokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, akususi umbala wokushisa noma isikali se-oxide esibangelwa izinqubo zokushisela kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa. Ngokomlando, lezi zinkinga ziye zaxazululwa ngenqubo eyengeziwe yamakhemikhali eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-pickling.”
Indlela I-Pickling Yensimbi Engagqwali Esebenza Ngayo
Ukupheka nge-pickling kusebenza njengokwelashwa kwangaphambi kokudlula, lapho izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali zicwiliswa esixazululweni se-asidi—ngokuvamile i-hydrochloric noma i-sulfuric acid—ukuze kuncibilikiswe isikali se-oxide, umbala wokushisa, kanye nezinhlayiya zensimbi ezifakiwe. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo yokupheka nge-pickling yensimbi ayicacile ngokwemvelo, iveza izinselele ezifana nemithetho eqinile ye-EPA kanye nemiphumela engaguquki. Njengoba isixazululo se-asidi siguga, ukusebenza kwaso kuncipha, futhi izinga lokususwa kwezinto lingahluka kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima imizamo yokugcina ikhwalithi efanayo enkambisweni yokupheka ngensimbi.
Izinselele Eziyinhloko Ekuqapheni Ukugeza Okungaphakathi Kokugaywa Kwebhavu
Ukuqapha ukugeza ngamanzi abandayo kuyisici esibalulekile salokhuinqubo yokuqoqa insimbi, kodwa iza nezindawo eziningana ezibuhlungu ezingaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi kuinqubo yokuqoqa insimbi kanye nenqubo yokuqoqa i-HCLInselele enkulu ukuntuleka kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela, njengoba izindlela zendabuko ezifana nokuthatha amasampula ngesandla kanye nokuhlaziywa kwelebhu okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi (isb., i-titration) kuletha ukubambezeleka kwemizuzu eyi-10-30. Lokhu kubambezeleka kuvame ukuholela ekuqoqweni ngokweqile, okubangela ukuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen ensimbini enamandla amakhulu, noma ukuncipha kokufakwa, okushiya isikali se-oxide singashintshiwe futhi kwandise amazinga okulahlwa afinyelela ku-15%.
Enye inkinga ebalulekile ukonakala kwezixazululo ze-asidi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukugqwala kwama-pickling bath nakho kubeka engcupheni imishini yokuqapha, lapho izinzwa zendabuko ezifana namamitha obuningi bengilazi zinqotshwa umonakalo, okudinga ukushintshwa njalo nokugcinwa, okungaholela ekwandeni kwezindleko ku-inqubo yokuqoqa amakhemikhaliizinkulungwane minyaka yonke.
Ukuthobela imvelo kunezela ubunzima obengeziwe, njengoba imithetho ye-EPA idinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwenkungu ye-asidi kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza. Ukuqapha okungalungile kungaholela ekwephulweni kwemithetho, kubangele izinhlawulo kanye nokwelashwa kwe-asidi yemfucuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka kokususwa kwezinto kwenza kube nzima ukufeza ikhwalithi efanayo yobuso. Ukubhekana nalezi zindawo ezibuhlungu kudinga ikhambi eliqinile njenge-imitha yobuningi be-asidi eku-inthanethiukuqinisekisa ukunemba kanye nokuqina kwenqubo.
Izinzuzo Zokwethula Imitha Yobuningi Be-Acid Ephakathi
Ukuguqula Ukusebenza Kahle Nokunemba Ekuqoqweni Kwe-Acid
Ukwethulwa kwemitha yobuningi be-acid emugqeni, njengesixazululo esithuthukisiwe sikaLonnmeter, kuguqula inqubo yokugaya insimbi ngokunikeza isilinganiso sobuningi be-acid ngesikhathi sangempela ku-inthanethi. Lobu buchwepheshe buqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga e-acid agcinwa ngaphakathi kwamazinga afanele, kuvimbele ukugaya ngokweqile okungabangela ukubhidlika kwe-hydrogen noma ukugaya ngaphansi kwe-oxide okushiya isikali se-oxide singathintekile. Ngokuqapha ukushintsha kobuningi okubangelwa ukuqongelela kwe-ion yensimbi, imitha ibangela ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo.
Ukonga Izindleko Nokuthembeka Kokusebenza
Ukusebenzisa imitha yobuningi be-asidi ngaphakathi kwe-intanethi kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zezindleko, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngokuhlanganisa nezinhlelo ze-PLC/DCS ngokusebenzisa imiphumela engu-4-20 mA noma i-RS485, imitha izenzekela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwe-asidi kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza.
Ukuthobela Imvelo Nokuguquguquka
Imitha yobuningi be-acid eku-inthanethi isekela ukuhambisana nemvelo ngokugcina amazinga e-acid inkungu engaphansi kwemingcele ye-EPA, igwema izinhlawulo futhi yenza kube lula ukwelashwa kwe-dist acid. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kudlulela ezinqubweni zeqembu, lapho ihlola khona ukuncipha kwe-acid ngemuva komjikelezo, kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa kwemfucuza.
Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo Okuthuthukisiwe Nokulungela Ikusasa
Ngale kokuzuza okusheshayo, imitha yobuningi be-asidi eqondile ivumela ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokubikezela ngokuthola izitayela kudatha yobuningi, okuvumela ochwepheshe ukuthi balindele ukuwohloka kwe-asidi noma izinkinga zemishini ngaphambi kokuba zikhuphuke. Ihlanganiswe nokuzenzakalelayo, inciphisa ukungenelela ngesandla, ikhulula abasebenzi ukuthi bagxile emisebenzini yamasu. Emafektri okuqoqa insimbi acabanga phambili, lobu buchwepheshe busekela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-OEM/ODM ngokwezifiso kanye nokubambisana kwe-R&D, ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezintweni ezintsha ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Imitha yobuningi be-acid eqondile iyithuthukisa kanjani inqubo yokukha amanzi?
Imitha yobuningi be-acid eqondile inikeza idatha yenqubo yokukhetha i-acid ngesikhathi sangempela, igcina ukuhlushwa okuhle kakhulu, ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle futhi iqinisekisa ukuqedwa kwensimbi okuhambisana ne-ASTM.
Ingabe ingakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zokuvuna?
Yebo, izinzwa ze-Hastelloy ezimelana ne-asidi zemitha yokulinganisa i-acid kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezimweni zensimbi ezibolayo, ezihlala isikhathi eside kunezingilazi noma amathuluzi epulasitiki endabuko.
Ingabe kungenzeka ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezikhona?
Ngokuqinisekile, imitha yobuningi be-acid online isekela amaphrothokholi angu-4-20 mA kanye ne-Modbus, ahlanganiswe ne-PLC/DCS yokulawula inqubo yokugaya insimbi ezenzakalelayo, okunciphisa ukungenelela ngesandla.
Ukuphakamisa inqubo yokuqoqa i-pickling ensimbini kudinga ukulinganiswa okuqondile kwe-acid density online ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi, kuncishiswe imfucuza, futhi kuncishiswe izindleko. Imitha ye-acid density ye-Lonnmeter eqondile inikeza ukunemba okungenakuqhathaniswa, ukuqina, kanye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela. Thatha isinyathelo manje—thola enye yamasampula angu-1,000 wamahhala (ofika kuqala, okhonzwa kuqala) noma ulande yethu yamahhalainqubo yokukhetha i-asidi pdfukuze uvule imininingwane. Thumela umbuzo wakho wezixazululo ze-OEM/ODM ezenziwe ngokwezifiso (isb., uxhumano lwe-WiFi, uhlelo lokusebenza lweselula) noma ujoyine uhlelo lwethu lwe-R&D ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kobuchwepheshe kusenesikhathi. Shintsha inqubo yakho yensimbi yokusika namuhla!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-10-2025
