IInqubo yeBenfieldkuyitshe lesisekelo lezimboniukuhlanzwa kwegesi, esetshenziswa kabanzi ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali ukususa i-carbon dioxide (CO2) kanye ne-hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emifudlaneni yegesi, ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwezicelo ekuhlanganisweni kwe-ammonia, ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydrogen, nasekucutshungulweni kwegesi yemvelo. Ukulawula okunembile kokuhlushwa kwalesi sixazululo sokuhlikihla kubalulekile ukuvimbela izinselele zokusebenza ezifana nokukhipha amagwebu, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa, noma ukugqwala kwemishini.Amamitha okuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate angaphakathifuthiabahlaziyi bokuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate emugqeniinikeza ikhambi eliguqulayo ngokunikeza ukuqapha okuqhubekayo, ngesikhathi sangempela kwamazinga e-K2CO3 kanye ne-potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3), okuvumela opharetha ukuthi bathuthukiseinqubo yokuhlanzwa kwegesifuthi kuzuzwe ukonga okukhulu kwezindleko.
Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola indlela esebenza ngayoInqubo yeBenfield yokususwa kwegesi ene-asidikanye nezinzuzo zazo ezimbonini ezifanaizitshalo zokukhiqiza i-ammonia,izitshalo zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen,izimboni zokucubungula igesi yemvelo,izitshalo ze-petrochemical,izitshalo zokunciphisa insimbi eqondile, futhiizitshalo zokufaka igesi yamalahleNgokuhlanganisa la mathuluzi athuthukile, abaqhubi bezitshalo bangathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, baqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho eqinile, futhi banikeze imiphumela yegesi ehambisanayo nesezingeni eliphezulu.
I-Chemistry kanye Nezindlela Zokusebenza Zenqubo KaBenfield
IInqubo yeBenfield, eyathuthukiswa yi-US Bureau of Mines futhi yanikezwa ilayisensi yi-UOP (manje eyingxenye ye-Honeywell), iyinqubo yokunyibilikisa evuselelwa ngokushisa, esebenzisa isixazululo esishisayo se-K2CO3 ukususa i-CO2 ne-H2S emifudlaneni yegesi. Kuyindlela ethembekile yeukuhlanzwa kwegesiezimbonini ezidinga amagesi ahlanzekile kakhulu, njengokwenziwa kwe-ammonia komanyolo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen ukuze kuhlanzwe, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwegesi yemvelo ukuze kuchazwe amapayipi. Le nqubo isebenza ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukumuncwa nokuvuselelwa.
Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokumunca, umfudlana wegesi wethulwa phansi kwekholomu yokumunca, ugeleza ngogesi ophikisanayo uye kwisisombululo esishisayo se-K2CO3 (ngokuvamile esingu-20–30 wt%) emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-100°C no-110°C kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu.
I-H2S nayo iyamuncwa, yakha eminye imikhiqizo yokusabela. Igesi ehlanziwe iphuma phezulu kwesithambisi, kuyilapho ikhambi elicebile, eligcwele i-KHCO3, lidluliselwa ku-regenerator (stripper). Esigabeni sokuvuselelwa, ikhambi lishiswa ngomusi noma lincishiswe ingcindezi, libuyisele emuva ukusabela ukuze kukhishwe i-CO2 ne-H2S, ngaleyo ndlela livuselele ikhambi le-K2CO3 ukuze liphinde lisetshenziswe. Le nqubo ejikelezayo iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuncike ekugcineni amazinga e-K2CO3 ne-KHCO3 afanele ukugwema izinkinga zokusebenza.
Kungani Ukulawula Ukugxilisa Ukugxila Kubalulekile
Ukulawula okunembile kokuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-K2CO3 kubalulekile ngezizathu eziningana. Amazinga e-KHCO3 amaningi kakhulu angaholela ekuqhumeni kwe-absorber, okuphazamisa ukuxhumana kwegesi noketshezi, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kwe-CO2, futhi kubeke engcupheni umonakalo wemishini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuhlushwa okunganele kwe-K2CO3 kunciphisa amandla esisombululo okumunca amagesi e-asidi, okuholela ekuhlanzweni okungaphelele kanye nokungalandeli izincazelo zomkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlushwa okungafanele kungandisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa, njengoba izixazululo ezicebile kakhulu zidinga umusi omningi ukuze zikhiphe amagesi abanjiwe, futhi zingabhebhethekisa ukugqwala kwemishini ngenxa yemvelo yesisombululo se-alkaline.
Ngokomlando, ukuqapha ukuhlushwa kuncike ekuthathweni kwamasampula ngesandla kanye nokuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri, inqubo edinga umsebenzi omningi, evame ukubambezeleka, futhi engakwazi ukunikeza ulwazi ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kulinganiselwa kungaholela ekungaphumelelini kwenqubo, izindleko zokusebenza ezikhuphukile, kanye nokwephulwa komthetho okungenzeka.Amamitha okuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate angaphakathiukubhekana nalezi zinselele ngokuletha izilinganiso eziqhubekayo nezinembile, okwenza kube nokulungiswa okusheshayo ukuze kulondolozwe izimo zenqubo ezifanele futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kweInqubo yeBenfieldI-Scrubber.
Imikhiqizo Enconyiwe
Indlela Amamitha Okugxilisa Okungaphakathi Asebenza Ngayo
Amamitha okuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate angaphakathinomaabahlaziyiziyi-inline process monitor ethuthukisiwe eyenzelwe ukukala u-K2CO3kanye ne-KHCO3ukugxila ngqo ngaphakathi komfudlana wenqubo, okususa isidingo sokuthatha amasampula ngesandla. Lawa madivayisi aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zeInqubo yeBenfield, kufaka phakathi amazinga okushisa aphezulu (kufika ku-110°C) kanye nokucindezela, futhi zakhiwe ngezinto ezingagqwali ukuze zimelane nendawo ene-alkaline yesisombululo sokuhlafuna.
Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuningana kula mamitha, ngalinye linikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile:
Ukulinganisa kwe-Ultrasonic: Lawa mamitha alinganisa ijubane lomsindo oketshezini, oluhambisana nobuningi bawo kanye nokuhlushwa kwawo. Le ndlela ayithinteki ukuhanjiswa kwesisombululo, umbala, noma ukucaca kwaso, okwenza sithembeke kakhulu ku-Inqubo yeBenfield ye-CO2ukususwa. Ngokunemba kokulinganisa okungu-0.05% kuya ku-0.1%, amamitha okuhlushwa e-ultrasonic ahlinzeka ngedatha enembile yokugcina izilinganiso ezifanele ze-alkali-to-bicarbonate.
Ukulinganisa Ukuqhuba Komoya: Lawa mamitha ahlola ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kwesisombululo, okuhlukahluka ngokuhlushwa kwama-ion e-K+ nama-HCO3. Amamitha okuqhutshwa komoya asebenza kahle futhi afanelekela ukuqapha izinguquko ze-ionic kodwa angadinga isinxephezelo sokushisa ukuqinisekisa ukunemba.
Ukulinganisa Ubuningi: Ngokulinganisa ubuningi besisombululo, obushintshashintshayo ngesilinganiso se-K2CO3 kanye ne-KHCO3, la mamitha anikeza inkomba ethembekile yokuhlushwa. Amamitha obuningi anembile kodwa angadinga ukulinganiswa ukuze kushintshwe izinga lokushisa.
Ukulinganiswa kweCoriolis: Nakuba esetshenziswa kakhulu ekulinganisweni kokugeleza, amamitha e-Coriolis angalinganisa nobuningi ngokunemba okuphezulu (isb., ±0.001g/cc), enikeza indlela engenamanzi yokunquma ukuhlushwa kwezingxube ezimbili ezifana nezixazululo ze-K2CO3 ne-KHCO3.
Lawa mamitha ngokuvamile afakwa epayipini eliphakathi kwe-absorber kanye ne-regenerator noma emgqeni wokujikeleza kwegazi, okuqinisekisa ukuqapha okuphelele kwe-uhlelo lokuhlanza igesiNgokunikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela, zenza opharetha bakwazi ukubona nokulungisa ukuphambuka kokuhlushwa ngokushesha, okuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nokugqwala noma ukumuncwa okunganele.
Amasu Okufaka Nokuhlanganisa
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kweabahlaziyi bokuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate emugqeni, ukufakwa kwamasu kubalulekile. Amamitha kufanele abekwe ezindaweni ezibucayi, njengepayipi elisuka ku-absorber liye ku-regenerator kanye nomugqa wokujikeleza kwesisombululo esithambile, ukuze kuthathwe izinguquko zokuhlushwa kulo lonke inqubo. Izinhlelo ezingafuneki zingafakwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, kuncishiswe isikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokulawula izitshalo kuvumela ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo, njengokulawula i-K2CO3 dosing noma i-steam input, ngokusekelwe kudatha yesikhathi sangempela. Ukulinganiswa okuvamile ngezixazululo ezijwayelekile kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ukunemba, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziguquguqukayo zeInqubo yokususa i-Benfield CO2.
| Ubuchwepheshe | Izinzuzo | Izicelo ku-Benfield Process |
| I-Ultrasonic | Ukunemba okuphezulu, akuthinteki ukuhanjiswa kwe-conductivity | Ukuqapha i-K2CO3/KHCO3 emipayipini yokufunxa |
| Ukuqhuba | Kusebenza kahle, kulula ukukusebenzisa | Ukulandelela izinguquko ze-ionic kusisombululo sokuhlikihla |
| Ubuningi | Kuthembekile ekucabangeni kokuhlushwa | Ukulinganisa ubuningi besisombululo ku-regenerator |
| I-Coriolis | Ayinawo umoya wokukhukhuleka, ukunemba okuphezulu | Ukuqapha okuphelele ezinhlelweni ezihamba kakhulu |
Leli thebula lichaza ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile obusetshenziswa ku-amamitha okuhlushwa, egcizelela ukufaneleka kwazoInqubo yeBenfield.
Izinzuzo Zamamitha Okugxila Angaphakathi
Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokusebenza
Ukwamukelwa kweamamitha okuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate angaphakathikuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali. Ngokuhlinzeka ngedatha eqhubekayo, yesikhathi sangempela, lawa mamitha avumela abaqhubi ukuthi babone futhi balungise ukuphambuka kokuhlushwa ngokushesha, kunciphisa ingozi yokuphazamiseka kwenqubo. Isibonelo, ukuvimbela ukugqwala okubangelwa amazinga aphezulu e-KHCO3 kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ku-regenerator, njengoba kudingeka umusi omncane ukuze kukhishwe amagesi abanjiwe. Ukwenza ngcono umthamo we-K2CO3 kunciphisa nokungcola kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza.
In izitshalo zokukhiqiza i-ammonia, ukulawulwa okuqondile kokuhlushwa kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yegesi yokwenziwa ehambisanayo, kunciphisa izindleko zamandla ezihambisana nokulungiswa kabusha.izimboni zokucubungula igesi yemvelo, ukugcina amazinga e-K2CO3 afanele kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemininingwane yepayipi, kugwenywe izinhlawulo ezibizayo. Izilinganiso zemboni zisikisela ukuthi izitshalo ezisebenzisa amamitha angaphakathi zingafinyelela ukonga amandla okufika ku-15% futhi zinciphise isikhathi sokusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo zokuqapha, kuqedwe isidingo sokuthatha amasampula ngesandla.
Ukuqinisekisa Ikhwalithi Yomkhiqizo Nokuhambisana Nemithetho
IInqubo yeBenfieldKubalulekile ekukhiqizeni amagesi ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka eziqinile, njengamazinga aphansi e-CO2 kanye ne-H2S okwenziwa kwe-ammonia noma amapayipi egesi yemvelo.Amamitha okuhlushwa angaphakathi komugqaqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo sokuhlikihla sigcina ukwakheka okufanele, okuholela kugesi ehlanziwe esezingeni eliphezulu. Isibonelo, kuizitshalo zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen, ukulawula okunembile kusekela ubumsulwa be-hydrogen ezinqubweni zokucwenga, ngenkathi kuse-izitshalo ze-petrochemical, kwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali ahlanzekile kakhulu njenge-ethylene oxide.
Njengoba imithethonqubo yezemvelo ikhula, ukuthobela imithetho kuyinto eza kuqala. Amamitha angaphakathi asiza izitshalo ukuthi zibonise ukunamathela ezindinganisweni zokukhishwa kwegesi ngokugcina ukususwa kwe-CO2 okuphumelelayo, kunciphisa ingozi yezinhlawulo noma ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuizitshalo zokufaka igesi yamalahle, lapho ukuhlanzeka kwe-syngas kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okulandelayo, kanye nakuizitshalo zokunciphisa insimbi eqondile, lapho ikhwalithi yegesi ithinta khona ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Ukonga Izindleko kanye Nenani Lesikhathi Eside
Izinzuzo zezimali zeabahlaziyi bokuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate emugqenizinkulu kakhulu. Ngokuqapha ukuhlushwa ngokuzenzakalela, la madivayisi anciphisa izindleko zomsebenzi ezihlobene nokusampula ngesandla, okungonga kufika ehoreni ngosuku emisebenzini emikhulu. Aphinde anciphise imfucuza ngokuvimbela ukudonswa ngokweqile noma okungaphansi kwe-K2CO3, okwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esigabeni sokuvuselelwa, izitshalo zingafinyelela ukonga okukhulu kwezindleko, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezisebenzisa amandla amaningi njengeukucutshungulwa kwegesi yemvelofuthiukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia.
Inani lesikhathi eside lithuthukiswa kakhulu ukuqina kwala mamitha, aklanywe ngezinto ezingagqwali ukuze amelane nendawo ene-alkaline ye-inqubo yokuhlanzwa kwegesiIzidingo zabo zokunakekelwa okuphansi kanye nekhono lokuhlangana nezinhlelo zokulawula ezikhona kubenza babe utshalomali olungabizi kakhulu lwezitshalo zamakhemikhali ezifuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo.Inqubo yeBenfield yokususwa kwegesi ene-asidi.
Ukukhetha Imitha Yokugxila Eqondile Eqondile
Izindlela Zokukhetha Ukhiye
Ukukhetha okufaneleimitha yokuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate eqondilekudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela izici eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo zokusebenza kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali:
- Ukunemba Nokuthembeka: Imitha kumele inikeze izilinganiso eziqondile (isb., ukunemba okungu-0.05%–0.1%) ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezela kwe-Inqubo yeBenfieldukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulinganayo.
- Ukumelana Nokushisa Nokucindezela: Kumelwe imelane nezimo zokusebenza kuze kufike ku-110°C kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu, ngokwakhiwa okuqinile ukuze iphathe isisombululo se-alkaline.
- Ukuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo: Izinzwa kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezingagqwali, njenge-alloys ezikhethekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala isikhathi eside endaweni yamakhemikhali enzima.
- Kulula Ukufakwa Nokunakekelwa: Uhlelo kufanele luhlanganiswe kahle namapayipi akhona futhi ludinge ukulungiswa okuncane ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokungasebenzi.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Kwedatha: Ukuhambisana nezinhlelo zokulawula izitshalo kubalulekile ekulobeni idatha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo, okuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo.
Lezi zindlela zokuqinisekisa ziqinisekisa ukuthi imitha ekhethiwe ihlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zeizitshalo zokukhiqiza i-ammonia, izitshalo zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen, izimboni zokucubungula igesi yemvelo, izitshalo ze-petrochemical, izitshalo zokunciphisa insimbi eqondile, futhiizitshalo zokufaka igesi yamalahle.
Ubuchwepheshe Obutholakalayo Nokucatshangelwa
Izinhlobo eziningana zeamamitha okuhlushwazifanelekile ku-Inqubo yeBenfield, ngayinye inezinzuzo ezihlukile.Lku-onni-meter uAmamitha e-ltrasonic anikeza ukunemba okuphezulu futhi awathinteki yizakhiwo zesisombululo, okwenza afaneleke kakhulu ezingxubeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amamitha okuqhuba asebenza kahle kodwa angadinga isinxephezelo sokushisa. Amamitha obuningi ahlinzeka ngedatha yokuhlushwa ethembekile kodwa adinga ukulinganiswa kokushintshashintsha kokushisa. Amamitha e-Coriolis, yize ebiza kakhulu, anikeza izilinganiso ezingenayo i-drift futhi afanele izinhlelo zokugeleza okuphezulu.
Abaqhubi bezitshalo kufanele bahlole lobu buchwepheshe ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezithile zenqubo, njengobubanzi bokuhlushwa obulindelekile (isb., 20–30 wt% K2CO3), izinga lokushisa, kanye nemikhawulo yesabelomali. Ngezicelo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, njengakuizitshalo ze-petrochemical, amamitha e-ultrasonic noma e-Coriolis angase akhethwe ngenxa yokunemba kwawo.
FAQs
Amamitha Okugxilisa Okungaphakathi Athuthukisa Kanjani Inqubo YeBenfield?
Amamitha okuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate angaphakathiukuhlinzeka ngokuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwe-K2CO3kanye ne-KHCO3amazinga, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhambi lokuhlikihla ligcina ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu ukuze lisebenze kahleukuhlanzwa kwegesiNgokuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nokugqwala noma ukumuncwa okunganele, zithuthukisa ukusebenza kweI-Benfield Process Scrubber, ukuletha imiphumela yegesi esezingeni eliphezulu yezicelo kuukukhiqizwa kwe-ammoniafuthiukucutshungulwa kwegesi yemvelo.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo Zezindleko Zokusebenzisa Amamitha Okugxilisa Okungaphakathi?
Lokhuamamitha okuhlushwaukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngokuqapha ngokuzenzakalela, ukunciphisa izidingo zabasebenzi, nokuvimbela imfucuza ekulinganisweni okungalungile. Baphinde bathuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esigabeni sokuvuselelwa, banikeza ukonga okufika ku-15% ezimbonini ezisebenzisa amandla amaningi njengeukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogenfuthiukwenziwa kwegesi ngamalahle.
Ingabe Amamitha Okuhlushwa Angaphakathi Angamelana Nezimo Zenqubo YeBenfield?
Yesimanjeabahlaziyi bokuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate emugqenizenzelwe ukusebenza ngokwethembeka ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu (kufika ku-110°C) kanye nezingcindezi ze-Inqubo yeBenfieldZakhiwe ngezinto ezingagqwali, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside endaweni ene-alkaline ye-uhlelo lokuhlanza igesi.
Isiphetho
Amamitha okuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate angaphakathifuthiabahlaziyizibalulekile ekwenzeni ngconoInqubo yeBenfield, okuvumela izitshalo zamakhemikhali ukuthi zifinyelele ukulawula okunembile phezu kwe-K2CO3kanye ne-KHCO3Ngokuhlinzeka ngemininingwane yesikhathi sangempela, la mathuluzi athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kweukuhlanzwa kwegesi, vimbela izinkinga zokusebenza njengokugqwala, futhi uqinisekise ukuhambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile zemvelo nekhwalithi.
Kwezimboni ezifanaizitshalo zokukhiqiza i-ammonia,izitshalo zokukhiqiza i-hydrogen,izimboni zokucubungula igesi yemvelo,izitshalo ze-petrochemical,izitshalo zokunciphisa insimbi eqondile, futhiizitshalo zokufaka igesi yamalahle, ukwamukela lezi zinto ezithuthukisiweamamitha okuhlushwakuwukutshalwa kwezimali okunesu okuletha ukonga okukhulu kwezindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle.i-lonnmeternamuhla ukuhlola okwenziwe ngokwezifisoamamitha okuhlushwa kwe-potassium carbonate angaphakathifuthi uvule amandla aphelele akhoinqubo yokuhlanzwa kwegesi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-26-2025
