Amamitha okuqina angaphakathi ashintsha umdlalo wokunciphisa amandla kagesi ezitshalweni zamandla ngesikhathi sezinqubo zezimboni. Lawa mageji ahlakaniphile amasha avumela abaqhubi ukuthi baqaphe ukuqina kwamandla ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye namadivayisi abalulekile abhekana nezinqubo zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kubalulekile ukuthi abaqhubi babhekane nezinselele zokusebenza njengokulandela imithethonqubo yemvelo eqinile kakhulu. Bheka izimo ezinemininingwane lapho basebenza khona ukuxazulula izinkinga zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi nokuqeda umsebenzi onzima kodwa ophindaphindayo.
Izinkinga Ezinzima Zobuchwepheshe Ekususweni Kwempahla
Ukulungiswa kokukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxide (NOx) akuwona umsebenzi olula. I-nitrogen oxide ayinakuqedwa ngokuphelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ezitshalweni ezisebenzisa amalahle, ezishiswa ngowoyela noma ngisho nezitshalo eziphehla ugesi nge-biomass. Ukuphathwa kokukhishwa komoya ngokunemba kuhlobene ne-Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) noma i-Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), lapho ama-reagent engezwa khona emgudwini wegesi ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokusabela. Noma kunjalo, ukuqapha ngokunemba komthamo ngesikhathi sangempela kubhekene nezinselele eziningi ezivela ezimweni zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukungalungi ekulinganisweni kungabangela ukushelela kwe-ammonia kanye nokuchithwa kwama-reagent.
ukuklama nokukhiqiza i-Lonnmeter imitha yobuningi emugqeniukuze kulinganiswe ukuhlushwa okuqhubekayo ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha abantu ekuthathweni kwesampula yendabuko. Ukutholakala kwesampula kubantu kuncike kakhulu ekuhlolweni okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokulinganisa okungaqondile.imitha yobuningi eku-inthanethiiyakwazi ukubona ukuguquguquka okuncane ekuqapheni ubuningi ukuze isize ekulungiseni okunembile, igcine yonke izinqubo zokususa i-nitration zizinzile futhi zisebenza kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza futhi ekunikezeni amapharamitha abonisa ikhwalithi yokuxuba, ukuhambisana kwe-reagent kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza esilinganayo. Ezimweni, ukungahambisani komfula we-urea nokuncibilika emanzini kuphazamisa i-chemistry yokusabela. Ngokuqapha i-slurry ngqo epayipini, amamitha okuqina angaphakathi aqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlushwa okufunekayo kugcinwa kusukela ekugcinweni kuya ekujovweni, kunciphisa ingozi yokungasebenzi kahle kwenqubo noma ukungalandeli imithetho yemvelo.
Amamitha Obuningi Bezimboni Anconyiwe
Ukuthuthukisa Ukuzenzekela Ekususeni I-Denitration kanye Nokuthembeka Kwesistimu
Sezidlulile izinsuku lapho abaqhubi bezitshalo kwadingeka bathembele ekungeneleleni ngesandla ukuze balungise ukujova kwe-reagent. Amamitha obuningi besimanje ahlanganisiwe kalula ku-Distributed Control Systems (DCS) noma ku-Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), okuvumela i-feedback loop ezenzakalelayo ngokuphelele. Lapho ukufundwa kobuningi kuphambuka ebangeni elihleliwe, uhlelo lulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokugeleza kwe-reagent noma lunciphise ikhambi njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kuzenzakalela akugcini nje ngokunciphisa umthwalo kubaqhubi kodwa futhi kuqeda ukubambezeleka okuhlobene nokwenza izinqumo kwabantu.
Kubalulekile ukulinganisela ukugeleza kwamakhemikhali ekucutshungulweni okuhlanganisiwe kwe-desulfurization kanye ne-denitration, lapho kusetshenziswa khona izixazululo ze-lime slurry kanye ne-ammonia ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuqapha ubuningi balezo zinhlayiya ezimbili kuyimfuneko yokusebenza okuvamile kwe-desulfurization kanye ne-denitration. Leli zinga lokuxhumana lisiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezivamile njengokuthuthwa kwendle emipayipini ye-limestone noma ukuphuza ngokweqile i-ammonia, kokubili okungabangela ukuvalwa okubizayo noma ukulungiswa.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, amamitha anjalo aqinile aqinile amelana nezimo ezinzima esiteshini sikagesi. Ukuze imiklamo ekhethekile imelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezela, alungele ukuphatha amakhemikhali agqwalisayo ezimweni ezinzima njengohlelo lokususa igesi oluyimpuphu.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwamamitha Obuningi Obungaphakathi Esiteshini Sikagesi Esisebenza Ngamalahle
Ngokuvamile, izitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle zihlushwa ukungasebenzi kahle ekulinganisweni kobuningi kanye nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezihlobene ochungechungeni, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini ngokuvaleka kwamapayipi, ukushelela kwe-ammonia kanye nokugcinwa okungenzeka. Imitha yobuningi befoloko iyithuluzi elihlakaniphile elifanele kokubili umugqa wokujova i-ammonia kanye nohlelo lwe-limestone slurry.
Imiphumela ibe noshintsho. Ukuqapha ubuningi besikhathi sangempela kuvumele isitshalo ukuthi silungise ukulinganisa kwe-reagent ngokunemba okungakaze kubonwe. Amazinga okushelela kwe-ammonia ehle ngaphezu kuka-90%, kuyilapho ukusebenza kahle kokunciphisa i-NOx kudlula u-92%. I-limestone slurry, eyayibangele ukukala kanye nokuvinjelwa ngaphambili, igcinwe kubukhulu obuhle kakhulu, isusa ukulungiswa okungahleliwe futhi yehlisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi ngo-20%. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa akugcini nje ngokwenza isitshalo sihambisane nezindinganiso zemvelo kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezindleko zokusebenza ngo-15%.
Kungani Amamitha Obuningi Obungaphakathi Ebalulekile
Okuhlukanisa amamitha okuqina angaphakathi kwezinye izixazululo zokuqapha ukuthi asebenza ngezindlela eziningi futhi ayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Awagcini nje ngokukhipha i-nitration; izinhlelo zawo zifinyelela kunoma iyiphi inqubo yezimboni edinga ukuphathwa koketshezi okunembile. Ngokuphathelene nezitshalo zamandla, lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokususa i-sulfurization, ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, kanye nemisebenzi yokuxuba uphethiloli. Ikhono lawo lokunikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela, enembile, nesebenzayo lenza kube yitshe lesisekelo sokwenza ngcono inqubo yesimanje.
Ngokusebenzisa la mathuluzi, izitshalo zikagesi zingafinyelela izinga lokulawula inqubo elalingatholakali ngaphambili. Izinzuzo zidlulela ngale kokuthobela imithetho nokusebenza kahle; zifaka phakathi nokuqina kwesikhathi eside kwemishini, izindleko zokulungisa ezincishisiwe, kanye nokusimama okuthuthukisiwe. Kubasebenzi abazisa kokubili ukusebenza kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wemvelo, amamitha okuqina angaphakathi kwemigqa awayona nje imali—ayisidingo.
Isiphetho
Ukwamukelwa kwamamitha okuqina kwe-inline ezinhlelweni zokususa ugesi kubonisa indlela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obungashintsha ngayo izinqubo zezimboni. Ngokubhekana nezinselele ezifana nokuvumelana kwe-reagent, ukushelela kwe-ammonia, kanye nokuzisebenzela kwenqubo, la mathuluzi avumela izitshalo zamandla ukuthi zisebenze kahle, ngendlela eqhubekayo, futhi enenzuzo. Umlando wazo oqinisekisiwe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zangempela ugcizelela ukubaluleka kwazo njengethuluzi elibalulekile ekulweni nokukhishwa kwe-NOx. Uma ufuna ukuphakamisa imisebenzi yakho yokususa ugesi, asikho isikhathi esingcono sokuhlola amandla okulinganisa ukuqina kwe-inline.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-27-2024
