Imitha Yobuningi Ephakathi: Ithuthukisa Ukuphepha Nokusebenza Kokukhipha Amanzi Ethangini

Izikhungo zokuhlanza amanzi zivame ukuqongelela amanzi emathangini okugcina ama-hydrocarbon ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kulungiswe okunye. Ukuphathwa kabi futhi kungabangela imiphumela emibi njengokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha nokunye okunjalo. Sebenzisa kahle lokhu imitha yobuningi beshubhu eqondileukuguqula izixazululo zokususa amanzi ezitshalweni nasezindaweni zokuhluza, okwenza intuthuko enkulu ekunembeni okungenakuqhathaniswa, ukuphepha kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho.

Lapha, sihlola icala langempela lapho ukuhlanganiswa kweamamitha obuningi obungaphakathiukususwa kwamanzi ethangini okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu, okuqinisekisa ukulahleka okuncane kwe-hydrocarbon, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokunamathela kwemithetho. Uma uphathaisitshalo sokususa amanzinoma ucabangela izixazululo zokuthuthukisa izinqubo zakho, le ndlela ibonisa ukuthi kungani amamitha obuningi obungaphakathi kufanele abe ubuchwepheshe bakho obusetshenziswa kakhulu.

Izinselele Ekuhlanzeni Amathangi Okuhlanza

Ezindaweni zokucwenga kanye nezinye izindawo, amathangi okugcina amanzi aqukethe amanzi avela emithonjeni eyahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukujiya, ukuvuza, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanzi angcolile. Ngokuvamile, amanzi aqongelelekile adinga ukumuncwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala, kugcinwe ikhwalithi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha njalo.

Amanzi aqongelelekile emathangini okugcina ama-hydrocarbon angase agqwale izindawo zangaphakathi, anciphise isikhathi sokuphila kwamathangi okugcina. Amanzi asele azongcolisa ama-hydrocarbon lapho ecutshungulwa. Amanzi amaningi athinta ukuqina kwethangi futhi abeka izingozi ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa.

Izikhungo eziningi zazithembele ezindleleni ezenziwe ngesandla zokukhipha amanzi ekucutshungulweni kwangaphambilini. Abasebenzi babeqapha inqubo ngokubona noma ukugeleza ngendlela evamile, bese bevala ivalvu lapho ama-hydrocarbon eqala ukukhipha amanzi ngesandla. Noma kunjalo, le ndlela ibeke izinselele eziningi:

1. Ukuthembela Komqhubi: Imiphumela yahlukahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komqhubi kanye nezici ezithile zama-hydrocarbon. Isibonelo, ama-hydrocarbon alula njenge-naphtha avame ukufana namanzi, okwandisa amathuba okwahlulela kabi.
2. Ukulahlekelwa yi-Hydrocarbon: Ngaphandle kokutholwa okunembile, ama-hydrocarbon amaningi angakhishwa kanye namanzi, okuholela ezinhlawulweni zemvelo kanye nokulahlekelwa yizimali.
3. Izingozi Zokuphepha: Ukuqapha ngesandla isikhathi eside kuveze opharetha ku-amakhemikhali e-organic aguquguqukayo (ama-VOC), ukwanda kwezingozi zempilo kanye namathuba ezingozi.
4. Ukungalandeli Imithetho Yezemvelo: Amanzi angcoliswe yi-hydrocarbon angena ezinhlelweni zokuthutha indle abe yingozi enkulu kwezemvelo kanye nezijeziso zomthetho.
5. Ukungalungi kwe-Mass Balance: Amanzi asele emathangini ayevame ukucatshangelwa ngephutha njengomkhiqizo we-hydrocarbon, okuphazamisa ukubalwa kwempahla.

Kungani Amamitha Obuningi Obuqondile Ebalulekile Ezitshalo Zokukhipha Amanzi

Uma kwenzeka umuntu ohlose ukuguqula yonke inqubo yokukhipha amanzi, amamitha anjalo obuningi angaphakathi anikeza ukunemba okungenakuqhathaniswa, ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo emisebenzini ehlukahlukene, okunciphisa ukulahleka komkhiqizo ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ezinye izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Ingozi Yemvelo Encishisiwe: Gwema ukungcoliswa kwe-hydrocarbon kwamanzi akhishwayo futhi ufeze ukuthobela imithetho kalula.
• Ukuphepha Kokusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe: Nciphisa ukuchayeka komqhubi kumakhemikhali ayingozi ngokuzenzakalelayo.
• Izindleko Zokulungisa Eziphansi: Nciphisa ukuguguleka kwamatangi namavalvu ngokuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhipha amanzi.
• Izixazululo Ezingenziwa Ngezifiso: Yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuqapha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zesikhungo sakho.

Isixazululo: Ubuchwepheshe Bokulinganisa Ubuningi Be-Inline

Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, lesi sikhungo sihlanganise amamitha okuqina angaphakathi emisebenzini yaso yokukhipha amanzi ethangini. Lawa madivayisi alinganisa ngqo ukuqina koketshezi, okwenza asebenze kahle kakhulu ekutholeni ukuxhumana phakathi kwamanzi nama-hydrocarbon ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha amanzi.

Lesi sikhungo sisebenzise lesi sixazululo ematangini angu-25, senza ngendlela oyifisayo indlela yezimo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. Kwamathangi Okugcina Izinto Ezingcolile
   Amathangi okugcina izinto ezingcolile avame ukuba namanzi amaningi ngenxa yokuthunyelwa okukhulu okuvela emikhunjini yasolwandle. Kula matanki,uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo ngokupheleleyathuthukiswa, ihlanganisa imitha yobuningi eqondile ne-actuator yevalvu enenjini. Lapho ukulinganiswa kobuningi kubonisa ukugqashuka kwe-hydrocarbon, uhlelo lwaluvala ivalvu ngokuzenzakalelayo, luqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa okunembile ngaphandle kokungenelela ngesandla.
2. Kwamathangi Omkhiqizo Omncane
   Kwamanye amathangi okugcina amanzi, lapho umthamo wamanzi wawuphansi khona,uhlelo oluzenzakalelayo kancanekwasetshenziswa. Abasebenzi baxwayiswa ngezinguquko zobuningi ngesignali yokukhanya, okwabashukumisela ukuba bavale ivalvu ngesandla ngesikhathi esifanele.

Izici Eziyinhloko Zamamitha Obuningi Obuphakathi

Amamitha obuningi obuqondile anikeza amakhono amaningana ahlukile awenza abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kokukhipha amanzi ethangini:

• Ukuqapha Ubuningi Besikhathi Sangempela: Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukutholakala okusheshayo kwezinguquko ekuminyaneni koketshezi, okuvumela ukuhlonza okunembile kokuxhumana kwamanzi ne-hydrocarbon.
• Ukunemba Okuphezulu: Lawa madivayisi angalinganisa ubuningi ngokunemba okufika ku-±0.0005 g/cm³, okuqinisekisa ukutholwa okuthembekile ngisho nangama-hydrocarbon amancane.
• Imiphumela Ebangelwa Yimicimbi: Kulungiselelwe ukuqala izexwayiso noma izimpendulo ezenzakalelayo lapho ubuningi bufika emikhawulweni echazwe ngaphambilini, njengokuqukethwe kwe-hydrocarbon okungaphezu kuka-5%.
• Ukuguquguquka Kokuhlanganiswa: Iyahambisana nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ngokugcwele kanye nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo kancane, okuvumela ukukhuliswa kanye nokwenza ngezifiso ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokusebenza.

Inqubo Yokusebenzisa

Ukufakwa kwamamitha okulinganisa ubuningi obungaphakathi kuhilela izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukufakwa Kwemishini: Amamitha obuningi afakwe emigqeni yokukhipha kuwo wonke amathangi. Kumathangi okugcina izinto ezingavuthiwe, kuhlanganiswe ama-actuator engeziwe e-valve anenjini.
2. Ukucushwa Kwesistimu: Amamitha ahlelwe ukuthola imingcele ethile yobuningi kusetshenziswa amathebula ajwayelekile embonini. Lezi mingcele zazihambisana nendawo lapho ama-hydrocarbon aqala khona ukuxubana namanzi ngesikhathi sokukhipha amanzi.
3. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi: Kumathangi asebenzisa indlela ezenzakalelayo kancane, opharetha baqeqeshwe ukuhumusha izimpawu zokukhanya nokusabela ngokushesha ezinguqukweni zobuningi.
4. Ukuhlola Nokulinganisa: Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ngokugcwele, uhlelo luhlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukutholwa okunembile nokusebenza okungenazihibe ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.

Lolu cwaningo lubonisa umthelela oshintsha umdlalo wamamitha obuningi obungaphakathi kwemigqa emisebenzini yokukhipha amanzi emathangini ezindaweni zokuhluza. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokwenza okuzenzakalelayo, lezi zinhlelo zisusa ukungasebenzi kahle, zithuthukise ukuphepha, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho yezemvelo. Ezitshalweni zokukhipha amanzi kanye nezindawo ezifanayo, ukwamukela lobu buchwepheshe akuyona nje indlela yokutshala imali ehlakaniphile—kuyisidingo sokuhlala uncintisana endaweni yezimboni yanamuhla edinga kakhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhekene namathangi amakhulu okugcina amanzi angahluziwe noma amathangi amancane omkhiqizo, amamitha obuningi angaphakathi anikeza ikhambi eliguquguqukayo nelikwazi ukulinganiswa ukuze ubhekane nezinselele zakho zokusebenza. Ungalindi—guqula izinqubo zakho zokukhipha amanzi namuhla.