Ukulawulwa okunembile kwenqubo yokugaya i-asidi ye-hot rolled strip kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi. Izingozi ezimbili ezibalulekile—ukugaya ngokweqile kanye nokugaya ngaphansi—kumele kulawulwe eduze ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo we-substrate futhi kugcinwe izimo eziphezulu zobuso.
Ukubuka Konke Kwenqubo Yokuqoqwa Kwe-Acid
Inqubo yokuqoqa i-asidi ye-hot rolled strip iyisigaba esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi, eyenzelwe ngqo ukususa izikali ze-oxide ezakhayo ngesikhathi sokugoqa okushisayo. Inqubo yokuqoqa i-hydrochloric acid ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi incibilikisa kahle ama-oxide afana ne-Fe2O3, i-Fe3O4, ne-FeO2, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zensimbi ezihlanzekile zifanelekile ezinyathelweni ezengeziwe zokucubungula njengokugaya, ukumboza, noma ukubopha. Ukususwa okufanayo kwalezi zikali kubalulekile, njengoba ukuqoqa i-pickling okungalingani kungaholela ekunamatheleni okubi noma emaphutheni asendaweni kumkhiqizo wensimbi.
Kuqondileukulawulwa kokuhlushwa kwe-asidiemabhafini okugaya ukudla kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yobuso, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokusebenza kahle. Uma ukugcwala kwe-asidi kuphezulu kakhulu, umphumela ungaba ukugcotshwa ngokweqile, okulimaza i-substrate yensimbi, kwandise ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi, futhi konakalise izakhiwo zemishini ezifana namandla okunamathela kanye nokugoba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukugcotshwa ngaphansi ngenxa yamandla aphansi e-asidi noma ukulethwa kwe-asidi okunganele kushiya izinsalela ze-oxide, okubangela ukwehluleka kokunamathela phansi kanye nokukhubazeka kobuhle. Yomibili imiphumela iphazamisa ukuvikelwa kwe-strip substrate kanye nekhwalithi iyonke yomkhiqizo oqediwe. Lokhu kwenza ukulawulwa kokugcwala ekugcotshweni kwe-asidi kubalulekile ukuze inqubo ihambisane, kuncishiswe izinsalela, futhi kufezwe imingcele yenqubo ezinzile.
Ukucubungula Insimbi Ye-Pickle Line
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Intuthuko kwezindlela zokulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi ishintshe ukulawulwa komugqa wokugaya eminyakeni yamuva. Amathuluzi azenzakalelayo njenge-Lonnmeter automaticimitha yokuhlushwa kwe-asidi, ukusetshenziswa kwemitha yokuhlushwa kwefoloko ekuqongeleni i-asidi, kanye nemitha yokugeleza ye-coriolis yokulinganisa ukuhlushwa manje inikeza ukuqapha kokuhlushwa kwe-asidi ngesikhathi sangempela sokulawula ukuqoqwa kwe-asidi. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukulawulwa kwenqubo evaliwe ekuqongeleni i-asidi ngokuzwa njalo ukuhlushwa kwe-HCl yangempela nokudlulisela idatha ezinhlelweni zokwenza i-asidi ngokuzenzakalela zemigqa yokuqoqwa kwe-asidi. Lokhu kuphumela ekulinganisweni kwe-asidi okuzinzile kakhudlwana, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza okuncishisiwe. Isibonelo, ukulawulwa kokuhlushwa kwemitha yokugeleza enqubweni yokuqoqwa kwe-asidi akuvimbeli nje kuphela ukuqoqwa kwe-asidi ngokweqile noma ukuqoqwa kwe-asidi engaphansi kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa kwe-asidi ngokulawula ukuhlushwa futhi kusekela amasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ekuqongeleni kwensimbi.
Izixazululo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalelahamba ngale kokutholwa okulula. Ukuqiniswa kwepharamitha yenqubo ehlanganisiwe kusebenzisa idatha yesikhathi sangempela evela kumamitha okuhlushwa athuthukisiwe aku-inthanethi ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo imijikelezo yokulinganisa, ukushukuma, kanye nokugcwalisa kabusha ukugeza. Lokhu kugcina amandla e-asidi ngaphakathi kwezinhloso ezichaziwe, kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu njalo ebusweni futhi kwandise impilo yokugeza. Izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo, njengalezo ezisebenzisa amamitha e-Lonnmeter, sezibe ezibalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi enqubweni yokuqoqa, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bavumelanise ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza nokonga izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo.
Izisekelo Zokuqoqwa Kwe-Hydrochloric Acid Ekwelashweni Kwe-Hot Rolled Strip
Izindlela Zamakhemikhali Nokucatshangelwa Kwe-Substrate
Inqubo yokuqoqa i-asidi ye-hot rolled strip incike ekususweni okunamandla kwezikali ze-oxide—ikakhulukazi ama-iron oxides (FeO2, Fe3O4, Fe2O3)—akhiwa ngesikhathi sokushisa. I-Hydrochloric acid (HCl) isabela nalawa ma-oxide, ikhiqize ama-iron chloride ancibilikayo namanzi. Isibonelo:
- I-Fe2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 FeCl3 + 3 H2O
- I-Fe3O4 + 8 HCl → I-FeCl2 + 2 I-FeCl3 + 4 I-H2O
Izinga lokuhamba kanye nokuphelela kokuncibilika kwesikali kuncike ekwakhekeni kwesikali kanye nobukhulu. Izingqimba ezilula ze-iron oxide ziyancibilika ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, izingqimba ezinezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi—njengalezo eziqukethe i-fayalite (Fe2SiO4) ezivela ezinsimbini ezicebile nge-Si—zilukhuni futhi ziyephuza ukususwa. Izingqimba ezinjalo zidinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu, i-bath chemistry enamandla kakhulu, noma izithasiselo zamakhemikhali ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa okwanelisayo.
Ama-ion e-chloride, kokubili avela ku-HCl kanye nokwengezwa kwe-NaCl ngamabomu, akhulisa izinga lokuqoqwa kwe-pickling. Ukuba khona kwawo kwandisa ukuncibilika kwesikali ngokusebenzisa ukwakheka kanye nokumuncwa endaweni yokuxhumana ye-oxide, kuyilapho kunciphisa nokuhlaselwa okuqondile kwe-substrate yensimbi. Isibonelo, ukwengeza izixazululo ze-HCl eziyi-10% nge-NaCl eyi-10% kuye kwabonakala kusheshisa ukuqoqwa kwe-pickling futhi kunciphisa ukugqwala okungafuneki kwensimbi eveziwe. Lapho kubhekene nezinhlobo ze-oxide eziyinselele, njenge-fayalite, izithasiselo ezifana ne-FeCl3 zikhulisa amazinga okususwa futhi zithuthukise isikhathi sokuqoqwa kwe-pickling ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kwe-substrate. Kodwa-ke, noma yikuphi ukufakwa kwesithasiselo kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ukuphathwa kokugeza okuphelele kanye nemiphumela yemvelo.
Ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu be-oxide kanye nesakhiwo kungaba yinto efanayo kububanzi bekhoyili, impendulo yamakhemikhali iyahlukahluka ngendawo ngendawo. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kudinga ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuqinile, okusekelwe kumasu okulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi okuqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikali sisuswa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokulimaza insimbi engaphansi.
Amapharamitha Enqubo Ebucayi ku-Acid Pickling
Amapharamitha abalulekile enqubo—izinga lokushisa lokugeza, ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi, ukwakheka kwebhavu, kanye nezinga lensimbi—alawula ngokuhlanganyela ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha kokuqoqwa kwe-hydrochloric acid ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi. Isidingo semiphumela esezingeni eliphezulu njalo:
- Izinga lokushisa lokugeza livame ukuba ku-80–90°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme landisa izinga lokuncibilika, okuqinisekisa isikhathi esincane sokukhuhla kanye nokususwa ngokuphelele kwesikali. Nokho, izingozi zokugqwala kwensimbi ziphezulu kakhulu.
- Ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi kugcinwa ngaphakathi kwe-3–11% (w/v) HCl. Lolu hlu luqinisekisa ukwehla okuqinile ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi okungadingekile kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-strip substrate. Ukuqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi ngesikhathi sangempela, ngokuvamile ngamamitha okuhlushwa okuzenzakalelayo noma amathuluzi afana ne-Lonnmeter automatic acid concentration meter, kuzinzisa ukuhlushwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele efanele.
- Ukwakheka kwebhavu okwenzelwe uhlobo lwensimbi kanye nohlobo lwesikali. Kuma-steels ane-Si-rich, kudingeka ama-inhibitor engeziwe noma ama-modifier agents. Ama-corrosion inhibitors afana ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) anciphisa ukulahleka kwe-substrate futhi avikele ama-effective grades, ngisho nangaphansi kokuchayeka kwe-asidi enamandla.
- Ukuvikelwa kwe-strip substrate kuqinisekiswa ngokwengeziwe ngokulinganisela umsebenzi we-chloride ion kanye namandla e-asidi. Amabhati anolaka kakhulu abeka engcupheni yokuchitheka kwensimbi ("ukugaya ngokweqile"), kuyilapho amabhati abuthakathaka angabangela "ukugaya ngaphansi" kanye nokususwa kwe-oxide engaphelele, okudinga ukulungiswa kabusha okubizayo.
Ukuze kuqiniswe ipharamitha yenqubo, izinhlelo zokulawula inqubo ezivaliwe zivame ukusetshenziswa, ezihlanganisa okokufaka okuvela kumadivayisi okulawula ukuhlushwa kwemitha yokugeleza noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zemitha yokuhlushwa yefoloko. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zigcina ikhemistri yokugeza ihambisana kahle nesivinini somugqa kanye nendawo engaphezulu kwensimbi, zisekela ngqo amasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi futhi zinciphise ukuphambuka kokusebenza.
Ukuphela kobuso kanye nobuqotho be-substrate kunqunywa ukusebenzisana kwalezi ziguquguquko. Ukushisa okweqile noma ukugcwala kwe-asidi kungagqwala noma kufake insimbi emgodini, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni e-coil noma ezindaweni ezinesilinganiso se-oxide esincane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimo ezinganamandla anele zikhiqiza izindawo ezinamabala, ezingamukeleki ezingafaneleki ukusebenza kwe-coating noma ukwakheka kwe-substrate.
Ngamafuphi, inqubo yokuqoqa i-hydrochloric acid ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi ilawulwa ukuhlanganiswa kokusabela kwamakhemikhali, izici ze-substrate, kanye nokulawulwa okunembile kwemingcele yokusebenza. Ukulinganiswa okuqhubekayo kokuhlushwa kwe-asidi kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo kuveza kokubili ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqa i-pickling okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuvikelwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-strip substrate, okuhlangabezana nezidingo zemigqa yokucubungula insimbi yesimanje.
Izinselele Ekulawulweni Kwenqubo Yokuqoqwa Kwe-Acid
Izinkinga Eziyinhloko Zekhwalithi Nokukhiqiza
Ukuqoqwa ngokweqile kwenzeka lapho i-hydrochloric acid bath ingasusi ama-oxide kuphela kodwa futhi ihlasela i-substrate yensimbi. Lokhu kuholela ekuqhekekeni ngokweqile, ukuncipha kwe-strip, futhi kungabangela ukuphuka kwe-coil ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-downstream. Ukuqoqwa ngokweqile kulimaza ngqo ubuqotho be-strip material, okufaka isandla ekunciphiseni amandla okusebenza kanye namazinga okwenqatshwa aphezulu. Ngokuvamile kuvela ekuhlushweni kwe-asidi okulawulwa kabi, amazinga okushisa aphezulu, noma izikhathi zokucwiliswa ngokweqile.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukugawula okungaphansi komuthi kushiya izikali ze-oxide zingathintekile ngokuphelele ebusweni bensimbi. Lokhu kuthinta kabi ukunciphisa ukubanda, ukushisela, ukupenda, kanye nezinye izinqubo zokuqeda phansi. Ikhwalithi yendawo iyehla, okwandisa ukuthambekela kokukhubazeka nokugqwala. Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka phakathi amandla anganele e-asidi, amazinga okushisa aphansi okugeza, noma isivinini somugqa esibekwe ngokushesha kakhulu ukuze kususwe izikali ngempumelelo.
Ukuze kugcinwe ukuthembeka kwenqubo nokunciphisa amaphutha, izitshalo zensimbi zithembele ekuqapheni okuqinile kwamapharamitha abalulekile njengokugxila kwe-asidi, isikhathi sokucwiliswa, kanye nokushisa. Amasu okulinganisa ukugcwala kwe-asidi ngesikhathi sangempela, kufaka phakathi amamitha okugcwala azenzakalelayo (isibonelo, imitha yokugcwala kwe-asidi ezenzakalelayo ye-Lonnmeter), amamitha okugcwala efoloko, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukugcwala kwemitha yokugeleza, zivumela impendulo esheshayo ukugwema ukweqisa kokuqoqwa. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela ukulawulwa kwenqubo evaliwe futhi zizinzise ukwakheka kweqembu, kunciphisa ingozi yokuqoqwa ngokweqile kanye nokungafakwanga kahle, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokushintsha komkhiqizo noma ukuguga kwebhavu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi kuyimbangela enkulu yezindleko zokusebenza kanye nezemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydrochloric acid kuhambisana ngqo nokusetshenziswa kwayo, izinga lensimbi, kanye nobukhulu be-oxide engaphezulu. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kukhulisa izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa, kwandisa inani lemfucuza eyingozi, futhi kwandisa umthwalo wemvelo. Amasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ekuqoqweni kwensimbi—njengezinhlelo zokwakheka kwe-asidi okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokugeza, kanye nokulinganisa okwenziwe kahle—kusekela umkhiqizo ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko futhi kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo.
Ukulawulwa kokuhlushwa okuqhubekayo kuukukha i-asidi, okuvame ukufezwa ngokuqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi ngesikhathi sangempela, kuthuthukisa ukubikezela futhi kuvikela i-strip substrate kulo lonke isikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ukugcina ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokususwa kwe-oxide nokulondolozwa kwe-substrate akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqoqwa kwe-pickle kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo ongezansi kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Kwezemvelo Nokuphepha
Intuthu ye-hydrochloric acid iyingozi enkulu empilweni endaweni yokugaya ukudla. Ukuvezwa—ngisho noma kumazinga aphansi—kungabangela ukucasuka kwendlela yokuphefumula, i-bronchitis engapheli, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwamaphaphu isikhathi eside. Idatha ye-epidemiological ikhombisa ingozi ephezulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye ne-laryngeal phakathi kwabasebenzi bokugaya ukudla ngensimbi abanokuchayeka okungapheli kumusi we-HCl. Ukuqapha umoya okuqhubekayo, ukuphefumula okuthuthukisiwe, izinhlelo zokukhipha umoya zasendaweni, kanye ne-acid fume scrubbers kuyizivikelo ezidingekayo. Imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu njengemishini yokuphefumula kanye nezingubo ezingamelani namakhemikhali isalokhu iyisilinganiso esijwayelekile sokuvimbela.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukukhishwa komoya buqinisa isu lokuphepha kwemvelo. Izinhlelo zokuvuselela i-asidi ezivaliwe ziphinda zisebenzise i-hydrochloric acid esetshenzisiwe, zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi entsha kanye nokukhishwa kokungcola. Izindlela ezivamile zokuvuselela zifaka phakathi ama-reactor e-pyrohydrolysis, i-diffusion dialysis, kanye ne-acid sorption, ngayinye elungiselelwe izidingo ezithile zokuphuma kanye nokwakheka kwe-asidi. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela amazinga okubuyisa afinyelela ku-99.5% we-HCl, ngaleyo ndlela zisekele ukusimama kwenqubo.
Kudingeka ukuzinzisa ipharamitha yenqubo eqinile ukuze kuhambisane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa komoya, njengalezo ezichazwe yi-EPA's National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants. Ukulawulwa kokuhlushwa kwe-asidi okuzenzakalelayo—ngokusebenzisa amamitha okugeleza kwe-coriolis kanye namathuluzi okuhlushwa okuzenzakalelayo athuthukisiwe—kuvumela ukulawulwa okuqinile kwe-bath chemistry, okusekela kokubili ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kokungcola, ngokusebenzisa imingcele yenqubo yokuqoqa i-asidi elawulwa kahle, kuqinisekisa hhayi nje kuphela ukuthobela imithetho kodwa futhi nokuvikelwa kwempilo yabasebenzi kanye nendawo ezungezile. Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulawula inqubo okuhlanganisiwe kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni imisebenzi yokuqoqa insimbi ephephile, esebenza kahle, futhi eqhubekayo.
EmugqeniCukugxilaUbuchwepheshe Bokulinganisa Nendima Yabo Ekuthuthukiseni Inqubo Yokukha
Izimiso ze-Inline AcidCukugxilaUkulinganisa
Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi kubalulekile ukuze kube nokunemba enqubweni yokukhetha i-hydrochloric acid ye-hot rolled strip. Ukulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi okuqondile kuvumela impendulo esheshayo ekuhlushweni kokugeza, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo ukuze kulondolozwe izimo ezifanele zokukhetha i-pickling.
Ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrochloric acid kunquma ngqo kokubili izinga kanye nokusebenza kahle kokususwa kwe-oxide. Ukuqinisa amapharamitha enqubo—ikakhulukazi ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi—kuvimbela ukuguquguquka okungabangela ukuhlushwa ngokweqile, okubangela umonakalo we-substrate, noma ukuhlushwa ngaphansi, okushiya isikali esisele. Ngokulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi ngaphakathi, abaqhubi bathola ukulawula okuqinile kokuhlushwa, banciphise ukusetshenziswa kanye nokulahlwa, ngenkathi bekhulisa ikhwalithi yokuphuma. Lokhu kulinganisa okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezivaliwe, lapho idatha yokuhlushwa iqhuba ukwakheka kwe-asidi okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokulinganisa, ukuqinisekisa ikhemikhali yokugeza ehambisanayo kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela ekuthathweni kwesampula ngesandla.
Ukubuka konke kwe-KeyCukugxilaUbuchwepheshe beMeter
IfolokoCukugxilaImitha
Amamitha okuhlushwa kwefoloko asebenzisa isimiso sefoloko elidlidlizayo. Ama-tines enzwa ayadlidliza ngemvamisa eguquguqukayo eguqulwa ukuhlushwa koketshezi. Le ndlela inikeza isilinganiso esisheshayo nesizinzile sokuqapha i-acid bath online, ikakhulukazi emigqeni yensimbi eqhubekayo. Amamitha okuhlushwa kwefoloko aqinile, abekezelela izimo ezinzima, futhi awadingi ukulungiswa okuningi, okwenza afaneleke kahle ukuqapha amabhati okugaya i-hydrochloric acid ekukhiqizeni insimbi. Ukuxhumana kwawo ngqo nezinhlelo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwenza kube lula ukubika idatha yokulawula ukuhlushwa ekugayweni kwe-acid.
I-Lonnmeter Automatic CukugxilaImitha
Imitha yokuhlushwa ezenzakalelayo yeLonnmeter isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasonic, ihlinzeka ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo nokungashukumi kokugxila kwe-acid bath. Ngokwakhiwa okuvela kuma-alloy nama-polymer amelana ne-acid, uhlelo lweLonnmeter lumelana nezimo zokugaya i-hydrochloric acid ezinamandla. Amandla alo okwenza ngokuzenzakalela afaka phakathi ukukhipha idatha yokuhlushwa ngesikhathi sangempela (nge-4-20mA noma i-RS485) ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezisatshalaliswayo zokwenza i-acid kanye nokulinganisa. Lokhu kunciphisa ukungenelela kwabantu, kusekela ukuphathwa kwebhati, futhi kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwenqubo. Uma ihlanganiswe ekulawuleni inqubo evaliwe, iLonnmeter ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-pickling, inciphisa amazinga okwenqatshwa, futhi ihlinzeke ngamasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-acid afanele.
Enye Imitha Yokugeleza CukugxilaUbuchwepheshe
Izindlela ezengeziwe zokulinganisa ukuhlushwa zifaka amadivayisi e-vibrating-wire kanye nalawo asebenzisa izinzwa ze-sonic velocity kanye ne-conductivity ezihlanganisiwe. Ubuchwepheshe ngabunye buveza amandla ahlukile aklanyelwe izimo ezithile zokugeza ze-pickling. Isibonelo, amamitha e-vibrating-wire anikeza ukuzwela okuphezulu kokulinganisa kodwa angathinteka kakhulu ukungcola kwebha. Izinhlanganisela ze-Sonic velocity/conductivity zingahlukanisa ngokunembile i-asidi kokuqukethwe kukasawoti oncibilikisiwe, okubalulekile ekugayweni kwe-hydrochloric acid okuthuthukisiwe lapho kokubili kudinga ukubhekwa kokuvikelwa kwe-strip substrate. Ukukhetha kuncike endaweni yokusebenza, ukunemba kokulinganisa okudingekayo, ukulula kokuhlanganiswa, kanye nezidingo zokugcinwa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Inline CukugxilaAmamitha ku-Hydrochloric Acid Pickling
Kuma-pickling line aqhubekayo, amamitha okuhlushwa angaphakathi afakwa ngqo kwisekethe yokujikeleza kwe-acid, kusetshenziswa ama-flange aqinile kanye nesikhala ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchayeka ekucindezelekeni komshini noma kwamakhemikhali. Imisebenzi yeqembu isebenzisa ukufakwa kwe-probe ezindaweni eziqondile ngaphakathi kwebhavu ukuze kuqashwe indawo noma umjikelezo.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi enqubweni yokuqoqa, lezi zinzwa zixhunywe ezinhlelweni zokwenza i-asidi ezenzakalelayo, okuqinisekisa impendulo yesikhathi sangempela yokulinganisa okunembile. Ukutholwa kwedatha kuvame ukuphathwa ngezinqubo zokulawula zezimboni, kanye namasignali athunyelwa kumapulatifomu okuqapha aphakathi nendawo ukuze kuphendulwe ngokushesha.
Ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo kudlulela ezingosini zokulawula impendulo ezilungisa umthamo we-asidi ukuze kulondolozwe ukugxila okuqondiwe. Ukulungiswa okufanele kwalezi zinhlelo kuvimbela ukuqoqwa ngokweqile—ukugwema umonakalo we-substrate—nokususwa kokuqoqwa okungaphelele—okususa ukususwa kwesikali okungaphelele. Umphumela uba ikhwalithi ye-strip eqhubekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi okuncishisiwe, kanye nokuqiniswa kwepharamitha yenqubo okuthuthukisiwe. Amasu okufaka adinga ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kwezinzwa, izintambo ezivaliwe, kanye nokuhlanza okuhleliwe ukuze kulondolozwe ukuthembeka kokulinganisa. Abasebenzi kumele baqeqeshwe ukuphathwa kwezinzwa, bagcizelele ukuphepha, ukunakekelwa kwedivayisi, kanye nokuphendula ekuphambukeni kokusebenza.
Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo Evaliwe Yokwenza Kusebenze Kahle Ibhavu Lokuhlafuna
Ukubaluleka Kwezinhlelo Zedatha Yesikhathi Sangempela kanye Nezimpendulo
Ukulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi okunembile kubalulekile ekulawuleni inqubo evaliwe ephumelelayo enqubweni yokugaya i-asidi ye-hot rolled strip. Amamitha okuhlushwa azenzakalelayo okuhlushwa kwe-asidi, okuhlanganisa imitha yokuhlushwa kwe-asidi ezenzakalelayo ye-Lonnmeter noma amamitha okuhlushwa kwefoloko, afakwa ngqo ku-pickling bath circulation loop. Lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka ngempendulo eqhubekayo, yesikhathi sangempela ekuhlushweni kwe-hydrochloric acid kanye nokuhlushwa kwebhati. Idatha idluliselwa kumlawuli wenqubo, ngokuvamile isilawuli se-logic esihleliwe (PLC), esichaza ulwazi futhi sidlulisele imiyalo ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa noma amaphampu okwenza i-asidi.
Amamitha okugeleza e-Coriolis okulinganisa ukuhlushwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuhlushwa kwamamitha okugeleza, ahlinzeka ngokufaka okunembe kakhulu kokuphathwa kokuhlushwa kwe-asidi. Ukuqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi ngesikhathi sangempela akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kodwa futhi kwenza kube nokulungiswa kokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo—i-asidi ingezwa kuphela uma kudingeka ukugcina indawo ebekwe kuyo, kuncishiswe ukuhlushwa ngokweqile.
Izindlela zokulungisa ezizenzakalelayo zinciphisa amaphutha kanye nokubambezeleka komuntu. Lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi kwehla ngaphansi komkhawulo ofanele wokususwa kwesikali okuphumelelayo, uhlelo luqala ukwengeza i-asidi eqondiwe kusetshenziswa amaphuzu okujova aqondile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ukuhlushwa kukhuphuka kuya emazingeni angafaka engcupheni ukuhlaselwa yi-substrate, ukumiswa komthamo noma ama-ejenti okuthikameza kungeniswa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Le ndlela ivimbela ukuhlushwa ngokweqile kanye nokuhlushwa ngaphansi komthamo, ivikela ubuqotho be-strip substrate futhi iqinisekise ukuzinza kwepharamitha yenqubo kulo lonke ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrochloric acid ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-asidi efanayo kutholakala ngokuxuba okulawulwayo kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela, okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqoqwa ngokweqile noma izindawo ezingaphathwa kahle. Izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo zisabela ngokushesha ekushintsheni okuvela ekushintsheni kwesivinini se-strip, umthwalo, noma izimo zensimbi ezikhuphukayo, zigcina amazinga azinzile abalulekile ekuvikelweni kwe-strip substrate. Lezi zindlela ezivaliwe zisebenza ngokubambisana nezinzwa ezingaphakathi kwe-pH, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokuqukethwe kwensimbi. Ukuphakelwa kwedatha okunjalo okubanzi kwesikhathi sangempela kuvumela ukulawula inqubo okuqinile, kuvimbele ukungahambisani kweqembu, futhi kusekela ukuphindaphindeka okuphezulu emiphumeleni yokuqoqwa.
Imiphumela kanye nokudalwa kwenani
Ukulawulwa kokuhlushwa okuhlanganisiwe eduze ekuqoqweni kwe-asidi kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenza, ezomnotho, kanye nezemvelo.
Ukuphathwa okunembile kusetshenziswa ukulawulwa kwenqubo evaliwe kanye nokulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi ngaphakathi komugqa kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ngokunciphisa i-asidi yokwenza ngokweqile kanye nokubuyisela ngokunembile ukuncipha kwayo kuphela uma kudingeka. Amamitha okugeleza e-Coriolis, izinhlelo zokwenza ngokuzenzakalela, kanye namathuluzi afana ne-Lonnmeter aqinisekisa ukuthi i-asidi igcwaliswa kabusha ngendlela efanele, kunciphisa imvamisa yokuvuselelwa kwebhavu futhi kwandise impilo ewusizo yebhavu lokuthosa. Lokhu kuphumela ekusetshenzisweni okuncane kwe-hydrochloric acid kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphansi kwe-asidi yemfucuza, okuhumusha ngqo ekwehlisweni kwezindleko zokusebenza kanye nokunciphisa umthwalo wemvelo, kufaka phakathi imfucuza engeyona ingozi edinga ukwelashwa noma ukulahlwa.
Ukuqinisa ukugcwala kwe-asidi kunomthelela oqondile kwikhwalithi yobuso kanye nokukhiqiza. Izinhlelo zempendulo ezenzakalelayo zigcina i-asidi efasiteleni elifanele lokususa i-oxide ngaphandle kokugqwala ngokweqile. Lokhu kusho ukwehla kokwenzeka kwamaphutha, ukuphuka kwekhoyili, noma ukuqeda kobuso okungaguquki—izici ezithinta kokubili ikhwalithi esheshayo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwesikhathi eside. Amapharamitha enqubo ahambisanayo atholakala ngokulawula i-closed-loop aletha ukuphuma okuphezulu kokusebenza futhi anciphise amazinga okwenqatshwa kumkhiqizo oqediwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi okuhle kakhulu kuletha nenani elibanzi lesu—izehlakalo zokuvuselelwa kwe-asidi okuncishisiwe (noma ukuvuselelwa kabusha) kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwezitshalo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi. Ukuthobela imvelo kuyathuthukiswa ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-asidi kanye nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kokuguquguquka kwenqubo. Izinzuzo ziyanda lapho izinhlelo zokuvuselela kabusha noma zokubuyisa zihlanganiswa khona, njengoba ukusebenza okuzinzile kunciphisa ivolumu kanye nokuguquguquka kwemifudlana edinga ukuvuselelwa kabusha, okwenza lezi zinhlelo zokuzinza zisebenze kahle kakhulu.
Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela okuqondile kanye nokulungiswa kwe-closed-loop kumelela indlela engcono kakhulu yokulawula ukuhlushwa kwemitha yokugeleza enkambisweni yokuqoqa. Ukuqaliswa kungaletha imbuyiselo esheshayo ekutshalweni kwezimali ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi, ukunciphisa imfucuza, isivuno esithuthukisiwe, kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho eqhubekayo. Le miphumela iqinisekisiwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, ngokunciphisa okubhaliwe kokusetshenziswa kwe-asidi kanye nokuzinzisa okungcono kokubili ukusebenza kwenqubo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokusebenza Ngomugqa Wokuqongelela I-Acid Ozenzakalelayo
Ukuqapha Okuqhubekayo Nokulawula Ukugxila
Ukulawulwa okuphumelelayo kwenqubo yokugaya i-hydrochloric acid ye-hot rolled strip kuqala ngokulinganisa okunembile, kwesikhathi sangempela kokugxila kwe-asidi. Amamitha okugcwala angaphakathi—njengamamitha okugeleza e-Coriolis, amamitha okugcwala efoloko, kanye namamitha okugcwala e-acid azenzakalelayo e-Lonnmeter—kufanele afakwe ngqo ethangini ngalinye lokugaya kanye nasezindaweni ezibalulekile zokudla nokukhipha. Ukubekwa kwenzwa eqondile kuqinisekisa ukusampula okumelelayo kwe-asidi ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezine-turbulence ephezulu noma ukugeleza okuqhubekayo, kunciphisa izindawo ezifile namaphutha ngenxa yokushintshashintsha kokugxila kwendawo.
Ukulinganiswa okuvamile kwezinzwa kuyimpoqo. Imijikelezo yokulinganisa incike ekuqineni kwe-asidi kanye neziqondiso zomkhiqizi kodwa kufanele kwenzeke okungenani njalo ngekota noma ngemva kokumiswa kokulungiswa okuhleliwe. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amazinga okulinganisa achazwe ngaphambilini afana ne-chemical matrix yama-bath enqubo yangempela ukuze kutholakale ukunemba. Ochwepheshe kumele babhale idatha yokulinganisa futhi baqinisekise ukugeleza kwezinzwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.
Uhlelo lokulungisa oluqinile luhlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe, ukuhlanza ukuze kususwe ukukala kwe-iron oxide, kanye nokuqinisekiswa ngokumelene nokulinganiswa kwelebhu. Shintsha izingxenye zenzwa ezigugile ngokushesha ukuze uvimbele ukukhukhuleka noma ukwehluleka, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokugqwala okuphezulu okujwayelekile kwemigqa ye-asidi yezimboni.
Ukuhlolwa kokwakheka kwe-asidi okuqhubekayo kuncike ekufundweni okubukhoma okuvela kumamitha okuhlushwa okuzenzakalelayo. Isofthiwe yokulawula inqubo isebenzisa le datha ukulawula amazinga okwenziwa kwe-asidi. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa amamitha okuhlushwa kwe-asidi okuzenzakalelayo e-Lonnmeter kwenza kube lula ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela amazinga e-HCl, kuqedwe ukuqagela futhi kuncishiswe ukubambezeleka okuhlobene ne-titration manual. Ukulawulwa kwenqubo ye-closed-loop ekuqoqweni kwe-asidi kuxhumanisa lezi zilinganiso namaphampu okulinganisa, kuthuthukisa ukunikezwa kwe-asidi futhi kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa.
Ukugcina ukuhlushwa okuzinzile kuvimbela ngqo ukuhlushwa ngokweqile—okubangela ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-asidi—kanye nokuhlushwa okuncane, okushiya izinsalela zesikali futhi kulimaze ikhwalithi yobuso. Izindawo ezibekiwe zokuhlushwa kwe-asidi kufanele zilungiswe ngokuguquguqukayo ngokusekelwe ku-substrate, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesivinini somugqa. Izinhlelo ezifana nokwakheka kwe-asidi okuzenzakalelayo zithembele kulokhu okufakwayo ukuze kulinganiswe ngokushesha nangokunembile.
Lungiselela izinhlelo ze-alamu kanye ne-interlock enqubweni i-DCS noma i-PLC ukuze zenze ngokushesha ekuphambukeni emikhawulweni yokuhlushwa kwe-asidi ephephile. Imikhuba eyinhloko ifaka:
- Setha imikhawulo ye-alamu ngaphandle nje kwamabhendi enqubo afanele ukuze kugxilwe ku-HCl.
- Hlanganisa i-alamu ngayinye nezenzo zokukhiya ezinjengokuvala ngokuzenzakalelayo umthamo, ukunciphisa isivinini somugqa, noma izindlela zokudlula ebhavini.
- Sebenzisa ukumodela okubikezelayo ukuze uthole izixwayiso zokulungiselela kusengaphambili—izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zivusa ama-alamu hhayi nje kuphela ekufundweni kwamanje okungaphezu komkhawulo kodwa futhi nasezinhlotsheni ezibikezelwe ngokusekelwe kudatha ethandwayo.
Ukuqinisekiswa nokuhlolwa njalo kwesistimu ye-alamu, kanye nokuqeqeshwa okuphelele komqhubi, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphambuka kwenqubo kuyatholwa futhi kulungiswa ngaphambi kokuthinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo noma ukuphepha kwemishini.
Ukuqinisekiswa Kokuphepha Nemvelo
Ukuphepha kwemvelo kanye nabasebenzi kudinga ukuhlanganiswa okunembile kwemigqa yokuqoqa i-asidi kanye nezinhlelo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-asidi. Ukuqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi okuqondile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqiniseni izimo zenqubo, okuthinta ngqo ukukhiqizwa komphunga kanye nokukhishwa kwemfucuza.
Imigqa yokuqoqa kufanele ixhumanise idatha yokuhlushwa yesikhathi sangempela evela ezinhlelweni zokulawula ukuhlushwa kwemitha yokugeleza nezilawuli zokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya, njengezimbozo zokukhipha, izembozo, kanye nezengezo zokucindezela inkungu. Lapho amamitha okuhlushwa kwe-asidi ethola uhambo oluya ezindaweni zokubeka ukuhlushwa okuphezulu, i-logic ezenzakalelayo kufanele isebenzise izinhlelo zokucindezela umusi noma ilungise umoya ngokufanele ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa komphunga we-hydrochloric acid.
Hlanganisa imigqa yokugaya namayunithi okuvuselela i-asidi, njenge-pyrohydrolysis noma ama-reactor ombhede oketshezi. Idatha yokuhlushwa okuqondile kufanele ibangele ukuhoxiswa kwe-asidi kanye nokufakwa kwe-asidi entsha evuselelwe ku-close-loop, igcine ukwakheka ngenkathi iqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuncane kakhulu kwemfucuza namandla. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokusekela imigomo yezemvelo kodwa futhi kunikeza amathuba okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ngqo ekugayweni kwensimbi ngokuvumela ukwakheka okufunwayo.
Izinto eziyingozi ezisele ziphathwa kangcono ngokuqapha ukugeza ku-inthanethi kanye nokopha njalo ekugeza. Gcina ukulandelela okuzenzakalelayo kwe-pH kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-asidi kuzo zonke izindawo zokulahla udoti ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwemithetho.
Izenzo zokuvimbela zifaka:
- Ukuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwemishini yokunciphisa nokunciphisa umusi.
- Ukuhlolwa kobuqotho besistimu okuhleliwe ukuthola ukuvuza—ukuhlushwa okuqondile noma ukuphakama kwe-pH kuvame ukukhombisa ukulahleka kwe-asidi okungahlosiwe.
- Ukuvala okuzenzakalelayo kanye nemikhuba yokuxhumanisa lapho kubhaliswe imicimbi ye-alamu eqhubekayo, okunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemvelo kanye nokuvezwa emsebenzini.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwabaqhubi ezinqubweni eziphuthumayo, okuqiniswa ngokuziqeqesha okuvamile kokuqinisekisa uhlelo.
Ukuqiniswa kwepharamitha yenqubo enembile nehlanganisiwe—kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afana neLonnmeter kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela—kuletha intuthuko elinganisekayo ekulawuleni ukuhlushwa ekuqoqweni kwe-asidi, okuvikela ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nemvelo.
Inqubo Yokwenza Insimbi Egoqwe Ngokushisayo
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Amasu okulinganisa ukuhlushwa okusemgceni athuthukile, njengemitha yokuhlushwa ezenzakalelayo—kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zeLonnmeter—aguqulei-hydrochloric acidinqubo yokuqoqa i-hot roll strip kanye nezinye izinto zensimbi. Ngokuhlinzeka ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuhlushwa kwe-asidi kanye nokuqukethwe kosawoti wensimbi, la mathuluzi aqeda ukusampula ngesandla kanye nokubambezeleka kwelebhu, athuthukise ngqo ukuphepha kanye nokuthembeka kwenqubo. Imiklamo yawo eqinile, engenakulungiswa isebenzisa izinto ezingagqwali ezilungele izindawo ezinolaka, inciphisa ukuchayeka kwabasebenzi ezintweni eziyingozi futhi inciphise ubungozi ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile. Izinhlelo zokugxila eziqondile zinikeza impendulo esheshayo ngemiphumela yedijithali, zivumela ukuhlonza okusheshayo kokuphambuka kanye nokusekela imisebenzi yokusebenza ehlelekile, enciphise izingozi.
Ukuzenzakalela okuvaliwe kusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zokulinganisa, kuzixhumanisa nezilawuli zedijithali kanye nezinhlelo zokwenza i-asidi ezenzakalelayo zemigqa yokugaya. Lo mklamo ulungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi ngokusekelwe kudatha yesenzwa yesikhathi sangempela, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwepharamitha yenqubo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo. Ukuzenzakalela kunciphisa ngqo ukuqoqwa ngokweqile, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwensimbi ngokweqile, futhi kuvimbele ukuqoqwa okungaphelele, okungase kubangele amaphutha ebusweni. Ngokulawula njalo ukulawulwa kokuhlushwa kwemitha yokugeleza kanye nokulawulwa kokuhlushwa ngesikhathi sokugaya i-asidi, abakhiqizi bavikela ama-strip substrates futhi bathuthukise isigaba ngasinye sokuhlanza amakhemikhali. Lezi zinhlelo zisekela namasu okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ngokukhulisa ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-asidi, ukunciphisa ukufakwa kwe-asidi eluhlaza, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ezihambisana nokuphazamiseka kwenqubo noma ukusebenza kabusha.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezicelo zemitha yokuhlushwa kwefoloko kanye nezinzuzo zemitha yokugeleza kweCoriolis kuqinisekisa ukwenziwa ngcono okunembile kokuhlushwa kwe-asidi kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlushwa. Le ndlela eqhutshwa idatha ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlushwa, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yokugcina yensimbi, futhi isekela ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile, okunamandla aphezulu okunomkhawulo omncane wemvelo. Imiphumela yemvelo incishiswa kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe bokwelapha i-asidi obuvaliwe, obusebenzisa kabusha i-hydrochloric acid esetshenzisiwe futhi bubuyisele amanzi, bunciphise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza eyingozi futhi busekele ukuhambisana nemithetho. Ukuqapha nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sangempela kunika amandla abakhiqizi bensimbi ukuthi bahlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokusimama kanye nensimbi esezingeni lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
Ngamafuphi, ukusetshenziswa kwamamitha okuhlushwa kwe-asidi okuzenzakalelayo athuthukisiwe, angaphakathi komugqa njengeLonnmeter—ahlanganiswe ezinhlelweni zokulawula inqubo evaliwe—kuletha ukuthembeka, ukufana okuphezulu komkhiqizo, kanye nentuthuko elinganiswayo ekuphepheni nasekusebenziseni kahle izindleko zenqubo yokuqoqa i-hydrochloric acid ekukhiqizeni insimbi. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha kuvumela ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi okuzinzile kakhulu nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngenkathi kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo kanye nokungcola kwezinsiza.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Iyiphi indima edlalwa yi-asidi ukugxilisa ingqondoukudlala kwemitha enqubweni yokuqoqa i-hydrochloric acid?
Imitha yokuhlushwa kwe-asidi ifakwa emgqeni ngaphakathi kwebhavu lokuhlushwa ukuze inikeze isilinganiso sangempela, esiqhubekayo sokuhlushwa kwe-hydrochloric acid. Lokhu kuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi balondoloze amazinga e-asidi afanele kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlushwa kwe-asidi ye-hot rolled strip. Idatha eqhubekayo inciphisa ukuthembela ekuthathweni kwesampula ngesandla, okuvame ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi kanye namaphutha omuntu. Ngokuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kokulinganisa i-asidi, imitha isiza ukuvimbela kokubili ukuhlushwa ngokweqile—okungabangela ukulahleka kwensimbi kanye nomonakalo womphezulu—kanye nokuhlushwa ngaphansi, okuholela ekususweni okungaphelele kwesikali se-oxide kanye nokukhubazeka komphezulu. Le ndlela isekela izimo zenqubo ezizinzile, yandisa isikhathi sokugeza, futhi yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi, okuholela ekunciphiseni imfucuza kanye nokuvikelwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-strip substrate.
Imitha yokugeleza kweCoriolis ikuthuthukisa kanjani ukulawula ukuqoqwa kwe-hydrochloric acid?
Imitha yokugeleza kwe-Coriolis yokulinganisa ukuhlushwa inikeza ukufundwa okunembile, kanyekanye kokubili izinga lokugeleza kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-asidi emgqeni wokugaya. Lawa mamitha aqeda amaphutha okuthatha isampula njalo ngokulinganisa njalo nangokuqondile ukuhlushwa kwe-asidi njengoba uketshezi lugeleza ohlelweni. Ukunemba kwawo okuphezulu kusekela ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kokulinganisa i-asidi ohlelweni lokulawula inqubo oluvaliwe. Njengoba ukuhlushwa kushintsha—ngenxa yokuncibilika kwensimbi noma ukuncipha kwe-asidi—imitha ye-Coriolis yazisa ngokushesha uhlelo lokulawula, olungakhulisa noma lunciphise ukwakheka kwe-asidi ngokufanele. Lokhu kugcina inqubo yokugaya ngaphakathi kobubanzi obufanele, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokugaya, kuncishiswe imfucuza ye-asidi, futhi kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ehambisanayo ngesikhathi sokugaya i-hydrochloric acid ekukhiqizeni insimbi.
Kungani ukulawula ukuhlushwa kubalulekile ekuqoqweni kwe-asidi ye-hot rolled strip?
Ukulawulwa kokugxila okunembile enkambisweni yokuqoqa i-hydrochloric acid kubalulekile ukuze kufezwe ukususwa kwesilinganiso se-oxide okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokulimaza i-substrate yensimbi. Lapho ukugcwala kwe-asidi kuphansi kakhulu, ukususwa kwesilinganiso kuyehla, okuholela ekuqongeleni okungaphelele kanye nezendlalelo ze-oxide ezisele. Uma i-asidi inamandla kakhulu, ibeka engcupheni yokuqopha noma yokulungisa ubuso bensimbi, kwandise izindleko futhi kungabangela amaphutha okucubungula phansi. Amasu okulinganisa ukugcwala okuzenzakalelayo, njengokusetshenziswa kwamamitha okugcwala kwe-asidi okuzenzakalelayo e-Lonnmeter, agcina ukugcwala kwe-asidi ngaphakathi kwemingcele efanele. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokukhulisa ukuvikelwa kwe-substrate kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ngokweqile kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Ukulawula okufanele kusekela nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zemvelo ngokulawula ukukhishwa kwe-asidi nokunciphisa imfucuza eyingozi.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokwakheka kwe-asidi okuzenzakalelayo emigqeni yokusika?
Izinhlelo zokwakheka kwe-asidi ezizenzakalelayo zemigqa yokugaya zihlangana namamitha okuhlushwa angaphakathi ukuze kulungiswe umthamo we-asidi njengoba kudingeka ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa noma kuqeda ukungenelela ngesandla, kuqinisa imingcele yenqubo njengamandla e-asidi, izinga lokushisa lokugeza, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-ion yensimbi. Izinzuzo zifaka:
- Ukusetshenziswa kwe-asidi okuncishisiwe, njengoba umthamo uhambisana nezidingo zangempela zenqubo futhi uphinda usebenzise i-asidi etholiwe.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza okuphansi kanye nokuthobela imithetho yemvelo okuthuthukisiwe ngenxa yokunciphisa umthamo wokusebenzisa ngokweqile.
- Ukuqina kwenqubo okuqhubekayo, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi kunciphisa imvamisa yokulahla imfucuza ebhavini.
- Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kwabasebenzi abangakwazi ukusondela kakhulu ezindaweni eziyingozi ze-asidi.
Izinhlelo zokwakheka kwe-asidi ezizenzakalelayo nazo zivumela ukuzivumelanisa okusheshayo namazinga okukhiqiza aguquguqukayo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokukhetha i-asidi ihlala ilungiselelwe kahle i-hot rolled strip ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ifoloko elingaphakathi kwekhani ukugxilisa ingqondoamamitha ayasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqoqwa ngokweqile?
Amamitha okuhlushwa kwefoloko elingaphakathi ahlinzeka ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwamandla e-asidi, okusekela ukutholakala okusheshayo uma ukuhlushwa kwe-hydrochloric acid kudlula ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibekiwe. Lokhu kutholwa okusheshayo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi uhlelo luqalise ukwakheka kwe-asidi noma izenzo zokuxuba ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwemitha yokuhlushwa kwefoloko ekuhlushweni kwe-asidi kunciphisa ngqo ingozi yokuhlushwa ngokweqile—isimo lapho ukulahleka kwensimbi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-asidi ngokweqile kwenzeka ngenxa yokwehla isikhathi eside noma okunamandla ngokweqile. Ngokuvumela ukulawulwa kwe-closed-loop, la mamitha anciphisa ingozi yephutha lomqhubi futhi alondoloze inqubo yokuhlushwa kwe-asidi ye-hot rolled strip ngaphakathi kwamafasitela amancane ekhwalithi nokusebenza kahle. Lokhu kuholela ekusetshenzisweni okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ukulondolozwa kobuqotho be-substrate, kanye nokusebenza okusimeme kakhudlwana.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-01-2025
