Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zomhlabathi kubalulekile ekulungisweni kwezimboni, ukuthobela imithetho, ukuphepha kwasemadolobheni, kanye nezolimo ezisimeme. Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kwe-XRF kwenza kube lula ukulinganisa ngokushesha izinsimbi ezisindayo, okuhlanganisa i-Pb, Hg, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, kanye ne-Cu, ukuze kulawulwe ingozi enembile ezindaweni ezingcolisiwe. Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhamzimba okunembile—okumboza i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, kanye ne-potassium—kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono isivuno sezitshalo kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza kamanyolo.
Amasu Okuhlaziya Inhlabathi Ye-Core XRF
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ye-XRF kusebenzisa i-XRF spectroscopy ukuhlonza izigxivizo zeminwe eziyisisekelo ngaphakathi kwe-matrices yenhlabathi. Le thuluzi lihlasela amasampula enhlabathi nge-X-ray eyinhloko, okwenza ama-athomu ento ngayinye akhiphe ama-photon e-X-ray yesibili ahlukile kuleyo nto. Ukutholwa nokulinganiswa kwalokhu kukhishwa kuvumela ukulinganiswa kwezinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinsimbi, i-metalloids, kanye nezakhamzimba ezibalulekile.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinto Zezimboni
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Amasu okuhlaziya inhlabathi e-XRF anikeza ukulinganiswa kwezakhi eziphelele. Ukuqina kwe-X-ray fluorescence okulinganisiwe kuhlobene ngqo nokuhlushwa kwezakhi. I-XRF ihlaziya ububanzi bezakhi kusukela ku-sodium kuya ku-uranium. Amafomethi esampula afaka phakathi ama-powder akhululekile, ama-pellet acindezelwe, kanye namasampula angaphakathi angaphelele. Womabili amadivayisi e-XRF elebhu kanye namadivayisi aphathekayo e-XRF avumela ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi yemvelo okusendaweni kanye nokusendaweni.
Le ndlela isekela amasampula ahlukahlukene ngokulungiselela okuncane, futhi igcina ikhono eliphezulu lokusebenzisa izimboni kanye nemvelo. Ukunemba kuncike ekulinganisweni kanye nokulungiswa okufana ne-matrix komswakama wenhlabathi, usayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nokungafani.
Amadivayisi Okuhlola Inhlabathi Ephathekayo e-XRF
Amadivayisi okuhlola inhlabathi ephathwayo e-XRF aphathwayo ahlinzeka ngokubona okuqondile, ngaphakathi ensimini kokuhlushwa kwezinto eziyisisekelo ngokufakwa kwedatha okuhlanganisiwe kanye ne-GPS. Amayunithi aqiniswe ngokuqinile ezimweni ezinzima zezimboni nezemvelo. Ukulungiswa okuncane kwesampula kwenza kube lula ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Amadivayisi ahlaziya ukungcola okubalulekile, okuhlanganisa i-lead (Pb), i-mercury (Hg), i-arsenic (As), i-cadmium (Cd), i-chromium (Cr), i-nickel (Ni), ithusi (Cu), kanye nezakhamzimba ezibalulekile.
Abaqhubi basensimini benza amasu okuhlaziya inhlabathi ye-XRF ngemizuzwana kuya kwemizuzu ngesampula ngayinye, besekela ukuhlolwa kwensimbi esindayo yenhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela i-XRF kanye nokuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi kwemvelo i-XRF. Ukutholwa okungabhubhisi, okunezakhi eziningi kuvumela ukuhlaziywa okuphindaphindiwe noma okuphindaphindwayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuqotho besampula. Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ye-XRF ephathekayo kufinyelela ukuhlangana okufika ku-85–95% (R²) ngemiphumela yelabhorethri yezinsimbi ezifana ne-Pb, As, kanye ne-Cd.
Izinzuzo Zokuhlolwa Kwenhlabathi ye-XRF
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ye-XRF kukhiqiza idatha yezinto eziyisisekelo endaweni yokuthatha amasampula, okuvumela ukwenziwa kwezinqumo ngokushesha endaweni. Ukuguqulwa kokuhlaziya kuncishiswa kube yimizuzwana, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku zezindlela zelebhu zendabuko. Amasu okuhlaziya inhlabathi ye-XRF asusa izikhathi zokuthunyelwa kwamasampula kanye nezikhathi zomugqa zelebhu, asekela ngqo izenzo zokuthobela imithetho ekuhlolweni kwenhlabathi yezimboni kanye neyasemadolobheni.
Izindleko zabasebenzi ziyehla njengoba kudingeka abasebenzi abambalwa ukuze kuthuthwe amasampula noma kuphathwe ilebhu. Amasampula afakwe amafulegi noma angacacile kuphela adinga umsebenzi welebhu olandelayo, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhlaziya. Amadivayisi okuhlola inhlabathi e-XRF aphathekayo asiza ukumbozwa kwezindawo ezinkulu, anikeza ukubhaliswa kwedatha okusheshayo kanye nemephu yendawo esekelwe ku-GPS. Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi endaweni kusetshenziswa i-XRF kukhomba izindawo ezingcolisayo, kuthuthukisa ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi yokulungisa okuqondiwe, okunciphisa izindleko zokulahla.
Ukunemba kuncike ekuhlanganisweni kwesampula kanye nokulinganiswa kusetshenziswa inhlabathi eqinisekisiwe. Imikhawulo yokuthola i-Cd ne-Hg ingaba phezulu kune-Pb noma i-A; izici zokulungisa zisetshenziswa kuma-matrices enhlabathi ayinkimbinkimbi. Lezi zindlela zokuhlola inhlabathi ze-XRF ezithuthukisiwe zisekela ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi yemvelo i-XRF ngaphansi kwezinqubo ze-ejensi zokuqapha nokuqinisekisa ukulungiswa.
Indlela Yokusebenzisa i-XRF Ekuhlaziyweni Kwenhlabathi
Qoqa amasampula enhlabathi amele usebenzisa i-scoop, i-core sampler, noma i-auger. Hlanganisa amasampula ukuze unciphise ukungafani kwendawo; hlanganisa kahle bese ugaya kube yimpuphu efanayo uma kungenzeka. Amasampula omiswe ngomoya noma omiswe kuhhavini angaphansi kuka-60°C ukuze uthole ukufundwa kwe-XRF okuhambisanayo; umswakama ushintsha kakhulu imiphumela.
Hluza inhlabathi eyomile nge-mesh engu-2 mm noma nge-finer ukuze ulinganisele usayizi wezinhlayiya, okuthuthukisa ukuphindaphindeka nokunemba ekuhlolweni kwenhlabathi ye-XRF. Ukuze uhlaziye endaweni, susa udoti endaweni yokulinganisa ngaphambi kokubeka ithuluzi. Beka amadivayisi okuhlola inhlabathi ephathwayo ye-XRF ngqo ebusweni benhlabathi noma ugcwalise izinkomishi zesampula ngezinto ezilungiselelwe kahle.
Ukunemba Kokuhlolwa Kwenhlabathi kwe-XRF
Izifundo ezibuyekezwe ontanga ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ye-XRF kufinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu kwenani lezakhamzimba kanye nokungcola kwensimbi esindayo. Amaphrojekthi amaningi ocwaningo abika ama-coefficients okuhambisana (R²) okungenani angu-0.84 wezakhamzimba ezinkulu njenge-calcium ne-potassium uma kusetshenziswa imodeli ethuthukisiwe kanye nokulinganiswa okufanele, kufaka phakathi i-Compton normalization kanye ne-partial least squares regression. Ukunemba kwendawo ephakeme kakhulu kokuhlolwa kokungcola kwenhlabathi nge-XRF kufinyelela ku-R² = 0.998 ngezakhi ezifana ne-Pb, As, kanye ne-Zn, njengoba kuqinisekiswe yizilinganiso ze-ex situ ngokumelene nezinto zokubhekisela eziqinisekisiwe. Amasu okuhlaziya inhlabathi ye-XRF ephathekayo asebenza njalo ngokulinganayo nezindlela ezisekelwe elabhorethri zokuqukethwe okuphelele kwezakhi. Ukuhlanganisa idatha eyisizayo—ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi, idatha ye-vis-NIR, kanye nokufundwa okuphindaphindiwe—kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ye-XRF, ikakhulukazi kuma-matrices esampula ayinkimbinkimbi. Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi yemvelo Izindlela ze-XRF kanye nezindlela zokuhlola inhlabathi ze-XRF ezithuthukisiwe zihlala zithembekile ekuhlolweni kwenhlabathi okusendaweni kusetshenziswa i-XRF kuyo yonke inhlabathi eguquguqukayo kanye nokungcola.
Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo Nokudla Okunomsoco
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ye-XRF kwenza kube lula ukuqopha izakhamzimba ezibalulekile kanye nokungcola kwensimbi esindayo enhlabathini yezolimo neyezitshalo. Amasu okuhlaziya inhlabathi ye-XRF alinganisa izakhamzimba ezinkulu njenge-K, i-Ca, kanye nezakhi zokulandelela ngokuskena okukodwa, okusekela amasu okufaka umanyolo anembile. Izifundo ezibuyekezwe ontanga zibika i-R²≥0.84 yokulinganisa i-Ca kanye ne-K ngisho nasenhlabathini ehlukahlukene. Amadivayisi okuhlola inhlabathi e-XRF ephathekayo ahlinzeka ngemiphumela esheshayo endaweni, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa indawo ethile yokuphathwa komhlaba okusimeme. Izinzuzo zokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ye-XRF zandisa ukuthembeka kokuhlola kanye nokunemba kuma-matrices ayinkimbinkimbi.
Amamodeli aphathwa ngesandla, asebenzisa ibhethri asekela imephu yesikhathi sangempela, ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi ngaphakathi kwendawo kusetshenziswa i-XRF, kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha ukuze kulandelwe imithetho yendawo kanye nocwaningo.Coi-ntact I-Lonnmeter ukubhekana nezidingo zokuhlaziya eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi kwe-XRF okuqinisekisiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-03-2026
