Ukuhlonza kabi i-316 njengensimbi engagqwali engu-304 kuphazamisa ukumelana nokugqwala. Leli phutha libeka engcupheni imishini ezindaweni zokudoba zasolwandle, ze-petrochemical, kanye nezokucubungula ukudla, okungase kubangele ukwehluleka okukhulu nokulimala. Ukulandelelwa kwezinto okungalungile kungabangela ukwephulwa komthetho kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlulekile. Izindleko zokulungisa ukuxubana kwe-alloy ziphakathi kuka-$25,000–$250,000 ngesigameko ngasinye sokusebenza kabusha, isikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanye nezimangalo zewaranti.
Ingxubevange engu-304 316 321
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Izinselele Eziyinhloko Ekuqinisekiseni Izinsimbi Ezingagqwali Ezingu-304, 316, kanye No-321
I-304, i-316, kanye ne-321 zinombala ofanayo, ukuphela kwendawo, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, okwenza zingabonakali kahle. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-alloy ku-inventory ye-spectrum alloys kungahlala kungabonakali kuze kube yilapho kuvela izinkinga zokusebenza noma ukwehluleka. Okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum ephezulu ye-316 (2–3%) kudinga ukutholwa kwezinto eziyisisekelo ukuze kuhlukaniswe ku-304, okungenazo i-Mo. Abahlaziyi be-XRF be-Lonnmeter baqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezinezici ezifanele kuphela—ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe kwe-316 vs 304 insimbi engagqwali kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-titanium okufanele kwe-321 enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Umehluko AuMongInsimbi Engagqwali engu-304 vs 316 vs 321
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali Okuyinhloko Nezinto Ezihlukanisayo
Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 iqukethe i-chromium engu-18–20%, i-nickel engu-8–10.5%, i-carbon engu-≤0.08%, futhi ayinayo i-molybdenum ne-titanium. Ngokuphambene nalokho, insimbi engagqwali engu-316 iqukethe i-chromium engu-16–18%, i-nickel engu-10–14%, kanye ne-molybdenum ebalulekile engu-2–3%, engekho kwezinye izinhlobo ze-common spectrum. Lokhu kwengezwa kwe-molybdenum kuthuthukisa ngqo ukumelana ne-chloride kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-321, ene-chromium engu-17–19%, i-nickel engu-9–12%, kanye nokuqukethwe okubalulekile kwe-titanium (ubuncane obungu-5xC, ubuningi obungu-0.7%), ithuthukisa ukuzinza kokushisa okuphezulu. I-Titanium ihlangana ne-carbon, ivimbela ukugqwala kwe-intergranular kanye nemvula ye-carbide ngesikhathi sesevisi yokushisa ephezulu.
Okuqukethwe kwe-nickel kuyanda kusuka ku-304 kuya ku-316 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwamakhemikhali kanye namandla okusebenza. I-Chromium ihlala iyinsika eyinhloko yokumelana nokugqwala kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu. I-Titanium iyisiphawu esiqondile se-321 futhi ingahlukaniswa ngabahlaziyi be-XRF.
Izicelo kanye Nokusebenza: Lapho Kukhethwa Ibanga Ngalinye
Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 isebenza njengendinganiso yemboni yabasabalalisi bensimbi be-spectrum alloys ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo—esetshenziselwa ukucubungula ukudla, izinto zasekhishini, amathangi okugcina izinto, kanye nezingxenye zokwakha. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwanele ezindaweni ezinolaka oluncane.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-316 iphumelela kakhulu emishinini yasolwandle, yamakhemikhali, kanye neyemithi. Ukuba khona kwe-molybdenum engu-2–3% kubalulekile lapho kunqunywa insimbi engagqwali engcono kakhulu ezindaweni zasolwandle noma imigqa yenqubo yezimboni evezwe kuma-chloride, okwenza idlule i-304 ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi anosawoti kanye nezixazululo ze-asidi.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-321 ibusa ukusetshenziswa kokushisa kanye nezindiza, ama-manifolds okukhipha umoya enjinini yejethi, kanye nama-heater e-petrochemical, anokumelana okukhulu nokukala kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kuze kufike ku-900°C. Ukwengezwa kwayo kwe-titanium kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka ngaphansi kokujikeleza okuphindaphindiwe kokushisa, kunciphisa ingozi yokuwa kwe-carbide ngemva kokushisela.
| Impahla | 304 | 316 | 321 |
| I-Cr (%) | 18–20 | 16–18 | 17–19 |
| I-Ni (%) | 8–10.5 | 10–14 | 9–12 |
| Inyanga (%) | – | 2–3 | – |
| I-Ti (%) | – | – | 5xC min, ubuningi obungu-0.7 |
| Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Kuhle | Kuhle kakhulu | Kuhle |
| Ukumelana Nokushisa | Okumaphakathi | Kuhle | Kuhle kakhulu |
| Izinhlelo Eziyinhloko | Ukudla, Usizo | Ulwandle, Amakhemikhali | Ukushisa, izindiza |
Indlela Abahlaziyi be-XRF Abanika Ngayo Ukuhlonza Okusheshayo Nokuthembekile kwe-Alloy
Izimiso Zokusebenza ze-I-Loni-nmeter Ubuchwepheshe be-XRF (X-ray Fluorescence)
Abahlaziyi be-XRF bakhipha ama-X-ray anamandla aphezulu kumasampula ensimbi engagqwali eqinile, okubangela ukuthi ama-athomu akhiphe ama-electron angaphakathi kwegobolondo. Izikhala ezivelayo zigcwaliswa ama-electron avela emazingeni aphezulu wamandla, zikhipha isici se-X-ray yesibili entweni ngayinye. Abahloli balinganisa lokhu kukhishwa, belinganisa amazinga e-elemental e-alloys e-spectrum njengensimbi engagqwali engu-304, 316, kanye ne-321. I-XRF ivumela ukuhlonza okusheshayo, okungabhubhisi, okunikeza ukufundwa ngemizuzwana engama-30.
Inani Eliyingqayizivele le-XRF ekuhlukaniseni u-304, 316, kanye no-321
I-XRF ihlukanisa ngokunembile amamaki angenasici ku-alloy spectrum. Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-316 stainless steel vs 304 stainless steel kuncike ekutholakaleni kwe-molybdenum—i-316 iqukethe i-2–3% Mo, ehlonzwa yi-XRF ngokushesha. I-321 grade ihlukaniswa yi-XRF elinganisa okuqukethwe kwe-titanium okungaphezu kuka-0.3%. Ukutholwa kwenani kuveza imiphumela engenzeka: amanani e-ppm, ukuhlukaniswa kokupasa/ukuhluleka, kanye nokufaniswa komtapo wezincwadi we-alloy.
Isihlaziyi se-Lonnmeter XRF Ukuhlonza Insimbi Engagqwali kanye ne-Spectrum Alloy
Izici Eziyinhloko kanye Nemininingwane Yobuchwepheshe
I-Lonnmeter XRF analyzer inikeza ububanzi bamandla obungu-0–50 kV, ubuchwepheshe be-Silicon Drift Detector, kanye nesivinini sokulinganisa samasekhondi angu-30. Ukunemba kufinyelela ku-±0.01% wezinto ezibalulekile, kuthuthukisa ukuhlonza i-spectrum alloy. Idivayisi ihlanganisa isikhombikubona sesikrini sokuthinta, imitapo yolwazi ye-stainless steel grade ehlanganisiwe, kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwama-spectra ngesikhathi sangempela. Umthamo webhethri usekela amahora afinyelela kwangu-8 okusebenza okuqhubekayo.
Ukuhlanganisa Nemigomo Yokuphathwa Kwekhwalithi Nokukhiqiza
I-Lonnmeter ihlangana nezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe kahle izinto ngesikhathi sokugcina impahla, ukwenziwa kwayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kokugcina. Ivimbela ukuthunyelwa kwe-mixed-alloy, inciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kabusha kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhiqiza. Ukukhishwa kwedatha kusekela izidingo zokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa ngedethi ezenzakalelayo, indawo, kanye nokulandelela kwe-batch. Izinketho zemibhalo ziqinisekisa ukulandeleka ngaphakathi kwe-spectrum alloys abahlinzeki bensimbi engagqwali kanye nabasabalalisi bensimbi.
Ukucela Isilinganiso se-Lonnmeter XRF Analyzer
Amakhasimende akhetha ukwenza ngokwezifiso umtapo wolwazi webanga kanye nokucushwa kwesevisi. Ukusekelwa kuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa, ukumbozwa kwewaranti, kanye nezinketho zokulungisa zokusetshenziswa kwensimu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwensimbi engagqwali engu-304 nengu-316?
I-316 iqukethe i-molybdenum engu-2–3%, ephakamisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-chloride kanye namakhemikhali ngaphezu kwama-degrees angu-304. I-304 ihlala isengozini yokugqwala ezindaweni zasolwandle nezinosawoti. I-316 ikhethwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuchayeka emanzini anosawoti kanye namakhemikhali aqinile, kuyilapho i-304 ivame kakhulu ekucubungulweni kokudla kanye nezinto zasendlini.
Kungani i-molybdenum ibalulekile ensimbi engagqwali engu-316?
I-Molybdenum inamandla okumelana namanzi anosawoti, ama-asidi, kanye namakhemikhali ezimboni. Lokhu kwengezwa kuvimbela ukugqwala kwemigodi yendawo kanye nokuqhekeka, okwenza i-316 ifanelekele ama-alloy e-spectrum abonakala ezindaweni zasolwandle nezamakhemikhali.
Yiziphi izimboni ezizuza kakhulu kubahlaziyi be-alloy be-XRF abaphathwayo?
Imikhakha ye-Petrochemical, yezindiza, yokukhiqiza, kanye neyokwakha isebenzisa abahlaziyi be-XRF ukuze kuqhathaniswe amazinga anembile futhi alandelekayo, kuncishiswe ubungozi kulo lonke ububanzi be-alloy yensimbi engagqwali.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-26-2026
