Ukulinganiswa Kokuthamba Kwamafutha Kaphethiloli

Amasu Okulinganisa Ukujiya Kwamafutha Kaphethiloli

Ama-viscometer asebenza ngaphakathi kwenqubo anquma i-viscometer kawoyela kaphethiloli ngokulinganisa imvamisa yokudlidliza kwenduku edlidlizayo ngaphakathi kwamafutha. Afaneleka kahle uketshezi olunamandla kakhulu nolungewona uketshezi lwe-Newtonian. Lokhu kuwenza abe wusizo ekusetshenzisweni kukawoyela kaphethiloli osindayo kanye ne-bitumen, okunikeza ukufundwa kwe-viscometer kwesikhathi sangempela, okuqhubekayo kuzo zombili izilungiselelo zensimu.

Izinzuzo zama-viscometer ajikelezayo:

• Ifanelekela ububanzi obukhulu bokuqina, ikakhulukazi amafutha aphezulu kakhulu noma angewona awe-Newtonian.

• Iyakwazi ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo nokuzenzakalelayo.

• Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zenqubo.

Imikhawulo:

• Isilinganiso esingaqondile se-kinematic viscosity esidinga ukuguqulwa.

Intuthuko Yanamuhla Ekuhlolweni Kokugoba

• Iseli elilodwa lokulinganisa elinobubanzi obubanzi: Idivayisi eyodwa imboza ububanzi be-viscosity spectrum, inciphisa ukushintshana kwezinsimbi.

• Ububanzi obuqhubekayo kanye nokuzenzakalela: Asikho isidingo sokushintsha ama-viscometer emazingeni ahlukene, afanele izindawo ezisebenzisa amandla amaningi.

• Izidingo zesampula kanye ne-solvent ezincishisiwe: Usayizi omncane wesampula kanye nokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa izindleko futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha kwelabhorethri.

• Ukulinganiswa/ukulungiswa okuncishisiwe: Izinyathelo ezilula zokuqinisekisa zinciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi.

• Ukuhlanganiswa kwenqubo ephelele: Ukukhishwa okusheshayo kwedijithali kanye nokuhlanganiswa okulula nezinhlelo zenqubo ezenzakalelayo.

Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokulinganisa Ubungqingili

Izinqubo zokulinganisa ubuthi obunembile bamafutha kaphethiloli ziqala ngokuphathwa nokulungiswa kwamasampula okuqinile. Amafutha kumele abe ngangohlobo olulodwa futhi abe ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sawo sokuthululwa; ukuphathwa okungafanele kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokungaphindwaphindwa kahle. Amasampula okufudumala ngaphambi kokushisa kanye nokuxubana ngobumnene kunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba. Amabhodlela esampula afanele kanye nokugwema ukungcola kubalulekile.

Ukulinganisa nokugcinwa kwama-viscometer kusekela ukuthembeka kokulinganisa:

• Sebenzisa amazinga okubhekisela aqinisekisiwe ukuze uhlole njalo ukulinganisa.

• Qinisekisa ukunemba kwethuluzi ngokuhlola uketshezi oluhlanganisa ububanzi be-viscosity obulindelekile.

• Gcina ama-viscometer ehlanzekile—amafutha asele angenza imiphumela ibe yingozi.

• Ukungenelela kokulinganisa amalogi nokulungisa ukuze kulandelelwe.

Ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokuhlola kubalulekile. Umkhuba ojwayelekile ukuhlola ku-40°C kanye no-100°C ngoba i-viscosity kawoyela kaphethiloli incike kakhulu ekushiseni. Lawa ma-set-point ahambisana nezimo zokushisa ezivamile endaweni yokugcina kanye nokusebenza kwenjini. Ngisho nokuphambuka okungu-0.5°C kungashintsha kakhulu ukufundwa kwe-viscosity.

Ukukhetha i-viscometer efanele kuncike ekusetshenzisweni kanye nohlobo lwamafutha:

• Ama-viscometer e-Glass capillary: Izinga legolide lezindawo zokubhekisela kanye nezokuhlela; lingcono kakhulu kuma-Newtonian fluids acacile.

• Ama-viscometer adlidlizayo: Akhethwa uwoyela osindayo, oqinile, noma ongewona owe-Newtonian; vumela ukulinganiswa kwenqubo ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani i-viscosity kawoyela kaphethiloli ibalulekile—ithinta ngqo i-atomization, ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, kanye nokuguguleka kwenjini—kufanele kuqondise ukukhethwa kwethuluzi, indlela, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlaziywa ngakunye. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kahle kuvikela ukusebenza kwenjini, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Izindinganiso Nokuhambisana Nokunamathela Ku-Fuel Oil Viscosity

Ukubuka Konke Kwezindinganiso Ezinkulu

Ukulinganiswa kwe-viscosity kawoyela kaphethiloli kuncike ekunamatheleni ezindinganisweni ezimisiwe eziqinisekisa ukuhambisana, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza. Eziqashelwa kakhulu yi-ASTM D445 kanye ne-ASTM D7042, kanye ne-ISO 3104 kanye nemininingwane ehambisanayo.

Izindinganiso ze-ASTM

• I-ASTM D445: Lena yindlela yakudala yokulinganisa i-kinematic viscometer, ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa ama-viscometer e-capillary engilazi. Iqinile, yamukelwa kabanzi, futhi yakha isisekelo semikhawulo eminingi yokucaciswa kukaphethiloli.

• I-ASTM D7042: Enye indlela yesimanje, i-D7042 isebenzisa ama-viscometer e-Stabinger ukukala i-viscosity enamandla kanye nobuningi ngasikhathi sinye. Le ndlela ishesha, ihlanganisa ububanzi obubanzi be-viscosities kanye namazinga okushisa, idinga isampula encane, futhi ivame ukwenziwa ngokuzenzakalela ukuze kukhiqizwe kakhulu. Imboni kaphethiloli ithanda kakhulu le ndlela yokuhlaziya okuvamile nokuthuthukile ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza.

• Ezinye izinqubo ze-ASTM: Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezifana ne-ASTM D396 zilawula imikhawulo ye-viscosity yamazinga ahlukahlukene kawoyela kaphethiloli, zichaza ukusebenza kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nezicelo zezimboni.

I-ISO kanye ne-International Equivalents

• I-ISO 3104:2023: Izinga le-ISO lakamuva libonisa umgogodla wenqubo we-ASTM D445 kodwa landisa ububanzi bamafutha, okuhlanganisa ukuxubana kwe-biofuel (kufika ku-50% FAME) kanye namafutha amasha ahlukile njenge-HVO kanye ne-GTL. Lichaza izinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

  • Inqubo A: Ama-viscometer engilazi yesandla e-capillary.

  • Inqubo B: Ama-viscometer e-capillary azenzakalelayo.
    Zombili zilungele uketshezi lwe-Newtonian kodwa zinezixwayiso ngama-fuel angewona awe-Newtonian.

• Izindinganiso ze-ISO ziyaphoqelelwa futhi zibhekiselwa emhlabeni jikelele, zihlanganiswa kalula nemithetho kazwelonke futhi zivumelanisa izidingo zezinjini zemikhumbi, izitshalo zikagesi, kanye nezishisi zezimboni.

Izidingo Zokuthobela Umthetho

• Izinjini Zomkhumbi (IMO MARPOL Annex VI): Ukuthobela imithetho yasemanzini kugxila kwikhwalithi kaphethiloli, okuphoqelela ngokungaqondile ukulawula i-viscosity ukuze kusekelwe ukusebenza kokushisa kanye nokuthobela imithetho yokukhishwa kwegesi. Kusukela ngo-Agasti 2025, abaqhubi bemikhumbi kumele banamathele emibhalweni eqinile yekhwalithi kaphethiloli kanye nezibopho zokuthatha amasampula. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kaphethiloli ahambisanayo—ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi (≤1,000 ppm sulfur)—kudinga ukulinganiswa kwe-viscosity okunembile kanye namarekhodi alandelekayo.

• Izitshalo Zikagesi: I-ASTM D396 ichaza izidingo zezishisi ezincane, zezentengiselwano, nezezimboni. Ukuqina kumele kulinganiswe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuhlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elibekiwe, futhi ukushisa kusengaphambili kuyadingeka ngokuvamile ukuze kube namazinga aphezulu okuqina ukuze kube lula ukupompa kanye nokufakwa kwe-atomization.

• Izishisi Zezimboni: Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-ASTM kanye ne-ISO viscosity kubalulekile ekuphepheni kokusebenza, ekuphathweni kukaphethiloli, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushisa. I-viscosity engalungile iphazamisa ukwakheka kukaphethiloli futhi ingakhuphula ukukhishwa noma ilimaze imishini.

Ukumodela Okuthuthukisiwe Nokuhlaziywa Kokunamathelana Kwamafutha Kaphethiloli

Amamodeli Okuthembela Ekushiseni Nokukala

I-viscosity kawoyela kaphethiloli ibucayi kakhulu ekushiseni, ithonya ngqo ukugeleza, i-atomization, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushisa. Ngokwesiko, lobu budlelwano buklanywa kusetshenziswa izilinganiso ze-Andrade ne-Arrhenius, eziveza ukubola kwe-viscosity njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. I-equation yohlobo lwe-Arrhenius ivame ukubhalwa kanje:

η = A · exp(Eₐ/RT)

Lapho i-η iyi-viscosity, i-A iyisici esingaphambi kokubonisa, i-Eₐ iyi-activation energy, i-R iyi-universal gas constant, kanti i-T iyi-temperature ku-Kelvin. Le fomula ibonisa iqiniso elibonakalayo lokuthi ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyanda njengoba amandla okushisa enqoba amandla aphakathi kwama-molecule.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole i-Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) equation kanye namamodeli okukala ajwayelekile njengasebenza kangcono eziketshezini eziyinkimbinkimbi njengamafutha aluhlaza noma amafutha asindayo. I-VFT equation,

η(T) = η₀ · exp[B/(T–T₀)],

yethula amapharamitha axhunywe ekushiseni kokushintsha kwengilazi (T₀), enikeza izibikezelo ze-viscosity ezinembile kakhulu kulo lonke uhla lokushisa olubanzi kanye nezinhlobo zamafutha ahlukahlukene. Izifundo ezibuyekezwe ontanga ziqinisekisa ukuthi lawa mamodeli adlula izindlela zokuhlola, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima noma ngokuhlukahluka kokwakheka.

Ukunquma Amapharamitha Ayisihluthulelo:

• Amandla adonsela phansi e-API: Lokhu kubonisa ukuminyana kwamafutha futhi kubalulekile ekubikezeleni izakhiwo zokugeleza. Amandla adonsela phansi e-API aphezulu ngokuvamile aveza ukujiya okuphansi—okubalulekile kokubili ekucutshungulweni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla.

• Inkomba Yokuqhekeka: Ichaza indlela i-viscosity ehla ngayo njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka eduze kokushintsha kwengilazi. Amafutha anezinkomba zobuthakathaka eziphakeme abonisa izinguquko ezinkulu ze-viscosity, ezithinta ukuphathwa kanye nesu lokusha.

• Amandla Okusebenza: Amelela umkhawulo wamandla wokunyakaza kwama-molecule oketshezini. Amafutha anamandla okusebenza aphezulu agcina ukuthamba okuphezulu emazingeni okushisa anikeziwe.

Amamodeli okukala ajwayelekile, aqinisekiswe ucwaningo lwanamuhla, ahlinzeka ngezindlela zokukhipha la mapharamitha ngobuningi ezilinganisweni ze-viscosity. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwango-2025 lusebenzise imodeli yokukala yomhlaba wonke kumafutha aluhlaza, luxhumanisa izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwengilazi kanye namandla okusebenza ngqo kumandla adonsela phansi e-API kanye nokwakheka kwama-molecule. Lokhu kwenza opharetha bakwazi ukubikezela izinguquko ze-viscosity ngenxa yokuxuba, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokwehluka kwemvelaphi ngokwethembeka okukhulu kakhulu.

Izinzuzo Zokulingisa Inqubo Nokwenza Kahle:

• Ukusebenza okubanzi kokulingisa inqubo: Akusavinjelwa yimikhawulo yefomula esetshenziswayo—amamodeli aphatha uhla oluhlukahlukene lwamasampula kawoyela ongahluziwe.

• Ukulawulwa kwenqubo okuthuthukisiwe: Abasebenzi bangalindela ukuguquguquka kwe-viscosity kanye nokulungisa kahle ukushisa, ukuxuba, noma ukulinganisa okungeziwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokugeleza ezifanele kanye ne-atomization.

• Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya: Idatha ye-viscosity enembile kakhulu isekela imiklamo yenjini kanye nesishisi ukuze kufezwe ukusha okuphelele ngenkathi kunciphisa ama-hydrocarbon angashiswanga kanye nokukhishwa kwe-CO₂.

Ukusebenzisa lawa mamodeli athuthukile kwenza kube lula kokubili ukusebenza okugxile ocwaningweni kanye nasezimbonini, okuvumela izinhlelo zokuphatha i-viscosity ngesikhathi sangempela samafutha aqinile, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezingezona ezejwayelekile.

Ukuhlanganisa Idatha Yokugoba Ekuhlaziyweni Kokusebenza Nokukhishwa Kwegesi

Ukuhlanganiswa okufanele kwedatha ye-viscosity kawoyela kaphethiloli ekuhlaziyweni kokusebenza kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphumelelayo nokuhlanzekile. Ukuqina kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi ye-atomization ngaphakathi kwama-injector nama-burners. Ukuqina okuphezulu kuphazamisa ukwakheka kwamaconsi amancane, okuholela ekushiseni okubi, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okwandisiwe, kanye nokukhishwa okuphezulu (ikakhulukazi ama-hydrocarbon angashisiwe kanye nezinto ezincane). Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuqina okwenziwe kahle kusekela ukwakheka kwe-atomization okuhle, okuholela ekushiseni okuphelele kanye nokukhishwa okuphansi kokungcola [I-Lonnmeter].

Imiphumela Yokusebenza Kwesistimu:

• Ukukhishwa Kwamandla: Ucwaningo lwenjini lwango-2025 luthole ukuthi ukunciphisa i-lubricate viscosity (isb., kusukela ku-SAE 10W-40 kuya ku-SAE 5W-30) kwandisa ukukhishwa kwamandla enjini ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-6.25 ngenxa yokuqina kokushisa okuthuthukisiwe.

• Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli: Imibiko eminingi ikhombisa ukuthi uwoyela oqinile ubangela ukusha okungaphelele, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuthile kanye nokuguguleka kwenjini. Ukunciphisa okulawulwayo—ngokushisa noma ukuxuba—kunciphisa njalo izidingo zikaphethiloli.

• Iphrofayili Yokukhishwa Kwegesi: Idatha yecala ikhombisa ukwehla okukhulu kokubili ekukhishweni kwe-CO₂ kanye nenani eliphelele le-hydrocarbon uma i-viscosity iphathwa kahle. Isibonelo, ukushisa uwoyela osindayo noma ukuxuba nokukhanya kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-hydrocarbon endaweni ephakeme ngo-95% kanye nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli okuthuthukisiwe.

Ukusebenza Kahle kanye Nezinzuzo Zemvelo:

• Ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kokunciphisa i-viscosity kanye nokulawulwa kokukhishwa kwegesi: i-viscosity ephansi = i-atomization engcono = ama-hydrocarbon nama-particle angashiswanga ambalwa.

• Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuthile kuyehla njengoba ukujiya kusondela emazingeni afanele, okuholela kokubili izinzuzo zomnotho kanye nokuthobela imithetho.

Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezinqubo zokulinganisa ukujiya kwamafutha kaphethiloli okuqinile, ukunamathela ezindinganisweni ze-ASTM, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabahlaziyi abaphambili ukuze kuqashwe futhi kuthuthukiswe okuqhubekayo. Ukunaka ngokucophelela ukujiya kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zamafutha kaphethiloli zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zinomthelela omncane emvelweni.

Izinto Eziwusizo Zokucatshangelwa Kokuzenzakalela Kwenqubo

Ukuqapha Nokulawula Ukuthambekela Kwe-Viscosity Kwesikhathi Sangempela

Ukuzenzakalela kwenqubo yesimanje kuncike ekulinganisweni kwe-viscosity ngesikhathi sangempela, okusemgqeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uwoyela kaphethiloli ugcina ukugeleza okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zokushisa. Ama-viscometer asemgqeni, njenge-viscometer esemgqeni, ahlinzeka ngokufundwa kwe-viscosity okuqhubekayo, okunesinqumo esiphezulu ngqo kusuka ekusakazweni kwenqubo. Lawa madivayisi asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunikeza ukufakwa okusheshayo kanye nokuphindaphinda okuphezulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa kabusha njalo.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile nabalawuli bezinqubo, ikakhulukazi ama-PID loops, kuvumela izinhlelo zokuphatha uphethiloli ezenzakalelayo ukuthi zilungise ukushisa kwangaphambili, ngaleyo ndlela ziqondise izindawo ezithile ze-viscosity lapho zilethwa kubashisi. Lo mklamo we-closed-loop uletha izinzuzo eziningana:

• Ukusebenza Kahle Kokushisa Okuthuthukisiwe: Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ithuthukisa ukwakheka kukaphethiloli, ikhuphule ukusebenza kahle kokushisa futhi inciphise amadiphozithi.

• Ukugcinwa Okuncane: Imitha ye-viscosity eqondile ye-Lonnmeter ayinazo izingxenye ezihambayo futhi ingamelana nokungcola okuvela enhlabathini noma ezintweni ezingcolisayo.

• Ukuthembeka: Ukuzwa okusemgqeni kuletha idatha enembile engathinteki yijubane lokugeleza noma ukudlidliza komshini, okusekela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izindawo zasolwandle noma zezimboni ezahlukahlukene.

Izinhlelo ze-viscometer ze-kinematic capillary ezizenzakalelayo kanye nama-Viscosity Flow Monitoring Units (ama-VFMU) zandisa lawa makhono. Izinketho ezithuthukisiwe zisebenzisa umbono wekhompyutha wokuhlola i-viscosity engathintani, ukunciphisa ukungcola kanye nokunikeza idatha yedijithali yokuphathwa kwezitshalo noma ukulandeleka.

Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Nezinkinga Ezivamile

Ukulinganisa i-viscosity okuphumelelayo kungabhekana nezinselele eziningana:

Ukuhlonza Nokuxazulula Izimo Ezingavamile Zokulinganisa

Ukufundwa okungalindelekile—njengokukhuphuka okungajwayelekile, ukukhukhuleka, noma ukuyeka emsebenzini—kudinga ukuxazulula izinkinga ngendlela ehlelekile:

• Hlola Ukulinganiswa Kwenzwa: Qinisekisa ukulinganiswa kwedivayisi ngokumelene nezindinganiso ze-viscosity eziqashelwayo (njengezinqubo ze-ASTM) ukuze unqume ukuzulazula kwenqubo.

• Hlola Ukuxhumeka Kukagesi: Izintambo ezixegayo noma izindlela zesiginali ezinephutha yizimbangela ezivamile zamaphutha okulinganisa.

• Buyekeza Izilungiselelo Zedivayisi: Amaphutha okuhlela noma amasethingi angalingani angabangela ukungalingani kwedatha. Bhekisela kumabhukwana obuchwepheshe bomkhiqizi ukuze uthole izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa.

Ukubhekana Nokungcola, Ukuguquguquka Kwezinga Lokushisa, kanye Namaphutha Okulinganisa

• Ukungcola: Ukuqongelela ukungcola noma udaka eduze kwesihloko senzwa kungaphazamisa ukufundwa. Khetha izinzwa ezinezindawo ezibushelelezi, ezinganamatheli kanye nemifantu emincane. Kwimishini ebucayi, kunconywa ukuhlolwa nokuhlanza njalo.

• Ukuguquguquka Kwezinga Lokushisa: Ukuqina kuncike kakhulu ekushiseni. Qinisekisa ukuthi konke ukufundwa kubhekiselwe futhi kulungiswe ezimweni ezijwayelekile (ngokuvamile 40°C noma 100°C) ukuze kuhlolwe okuphindaphindwayo.

• Amaphutha Okulinganisa: Ukuqinisekiswa okuhleliwe ngoketshezi olujwayelekile lokubhekisela kanye nokunamathela emikhubeni yokulinganisa yabakhiqizi kuvimbela ukuzulazula kwesikhathi eside futhi kuqinisekisa ukulandeleka kokulinganisa.

Uma kuqhubeka ukungalingani, bheka imibhalo yomkhiqizi ukuze uthole ukuhlonza izinzwa noma ufake ezinye izingxenye ezisolisayo ukuze ubuyisele ukwethembeka kokulinganisa.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuguquguquka Kwekhwalithi Kaphethiloli

Ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity kuya ngokuya kuba nzima ngenxa yokuguquguquka okubanzi okutholakala ezinhlotsheni zamafutha kaphethiloli zanamuhla kanye nezingxube, okuhlanganisa nezingxube ze-HFO-biofuel.

Amasu Okulinganisa Nokulawula Okuzivumelanisa Nezimo

• Ama-Algorithm Okulawula Okuzivumelanisa Nezimo: Sebenzisa ukulawulwa kokubikezela okuyimodeli (i-MPC) noma izindlela zokufunda zokuqinisa ezihlanganiswe ne-viscometry yesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuphendulwe ngokuguquguqukayo ekushintsheni kokwakheka kukaphethiloli.

• Ukulungiswa Kwezinga Lokushisa Nokwengezwa: Lungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izindawo zokusetha ze-preheater, noma ukulinganisa okuthuthukisa ukugeleza, ngokuphendula ukuhlukahluka kwe-viscosity okulinganisiwe.

• Ukumodela Okubikezelayo: Sebenzisa amamodeli okufunda komshini aqeqeshwe ngedatha yokuhlanganiswa komlando kanye nempahla ukuze ubikezele i-viscosity futhi ulungise amapharamitha enqubo ngaphambi kokwenza.

Umthelela Wekhwalithi Kaphethiloli Ekuqineni Nasemisebenzini

• Izithiyo Zokusebenza: Amafutha anokuguquguquka okuphezulu adinga ukulawulwa okuguquguqukayo, njengoba amazinga ahlukene esabela ngendlela ehlukile ekushiseni nasekugundeni. Ukwehluleka ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kungaholela ekufakweni kwe-atomization engaphansi noma ngokweqile, okunemiphumela yokusebenza kahle kokushisa kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.

• Izidingo Zokusebenzisa Amathuluzi: Amathuluzi kumele aqine ngokumelene nezinguquko kumakhemikhali kaphethiloli, ukungcola, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu, okuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa okuzinzile nokunembile ngaphansi kwezimo zenqubo ezishintshashintshayo.

• Ukuthobela Imithetho Nezindinganiso: Ukugcina i-viscosity ecacile kubalulekile ekulandeleni imithetho nokugwema ukuguguleka noma ukwehluleka kwenjini [Kungani Ukuqina Kubalulekile Kuphethiloli].

Isibonelo, ukushintsha kusuka ku-HFO ene-viscosity ephezulu kuya ku-bio-blend elula kungadinga ukulinganiswa kabusha okusheshayo kwamazinga okushisa kanye nokulungiswa kobubanzi bezinzwa ukuze kulondolozwe i-atomization efanele kanye nekhwalithi yokushisa. Izinzwa ezithuthukisiwe namasu okulawula abalulekile ekusebenzeni kukawoyela kaphethiloli okuthembekile nokuphumelelayo lapho ubhekene nokuguquguquka okunjalo.

Ukulinganiswa okunembile kwe-viscosity kawoyela kaphethiloli kusabalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokusimama emikhakheni yamandla nezokuthutha. Ukuqina kuthinta ngqo ukwakheka kwe-atomization kaphethiloli, ukusebenza kahle kokushisa, kanye namaphrofayili okukhishwa komoya. Ukuqina okungaphansi kokufanele kungabangela ukujova kaphethiloli okubi, ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kokushisa, ukukhishwa okuphezulu kokungcola, kanye nokuguguleka okungenzeka kwenjini—okwenza ukulinganisa okunembile kube yinto ebalulekile kubaqhubi kanye nonjiniyela bezinqubo ngokufanayo.kungani-ukuthamba-kubalulekile-kuphethiloli.