I-mold flux iyinto eyenziwe ngezinto eziningi edingekayo enqubweni yokubumba eqhubekayo. Ukufakwa kwayo okunesu phezu kwebhavu lensimbi encibilikisiwe kunquma ngqo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, isivuno, kanye nokungaguquguquki ekwenzeni insimbi yesimanje.
Ubuningi boketshezi bokugeleza koketshezi bubalulekile ekulawuleni ukudluliselwa kokushisa nokuqinisekisa ukupholisa okufanayo enkambisweni yokuphola eqhubekayo. Ukwehluka kobuningi bokugeleza kuholela ekukhishweni kokushisa okungalingani, okuphakamisa ingozi yokucindezeleka kokushisa, izinkinga zokwakheka kwegobolondo, kanye nokukhubazeka kobuso ku-slab. Ukulinganisa kanye nokulinganisa izitshalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu befilimu ye-slag eqinile—into ehlobene kakhulu nobuningi bokugeleza—ibusa uhlelo lokudlulisa ukushisa lwendawo. Amafilimu e-slag amakhulu futhi aminyene andisa ukumelana nokushisa futhi anciphisa ukugeleza kokushisa kwendawo, kuyilapho ubuningi bokugeleza obufanayo busekela ukupholisa okuqhubekayo, okubalulekile ekuzinzeni kwe-slab nokulawula ikhwalithi..
Imisebenzi Eyinhloko Ye-Mold Flux
Ukulawula Ukudluliselwa Kokushisa
Uketshezi lwesikhunta lulawula ukugeleza kokushisa kusuka ensimbini encibilikisiwe kuya kusikhunta sethusi, okuqinisekisa ukuqina okuzinzile nokulinganayo. Ukwakheka kwefilimu yesikhunta eqinile—okukhulu kwayo kanye nokwakheka kwayo okufana nokwekristalu—kusebenza njengesivikelo sokushisa. Lolu ngqimba lwesikhunta, kanye nezikhala zomoya ezidlulayo, lusungula i-gradient yokushisa eqondisa ukukhula kwegobolondo lensimbi. Ukulawulwa kokushisa okuhle kuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo noma ukupholisa ngokweqile, kokubili okubangela ukukhubazeka kobuso noma ukuqina okungaphelele. Ukumodela kwezibalo kanye nokulinganisa kwezimboni kubonisa ukuthi ukujiya kwefilimu yesikhunta kanye ne-viscosity yoketshezi kuyizinto eziyinhloko ezithonya ukumelana nokushisa futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa ngaphakathi kwesikhunta.
Inqubo Yokuphonsa Eqhubekayo
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Ukunikeza Ukuthambisa
Isendlalelo soketshezi lwesikhunta sinciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwegobolondo lensimbi elikhulayo nodonga lwesikhunta, sivimbele ukunamathela nokuqhekeka komshini. Ukugcotshwa okufanayo kunciphisa amaphutha afana namamaki okunyakazisa kanye nemifantu emide ebusweni be-billet noma be-slab. Ukuqina, izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo, kanye nokuqina kwe-slag yoketshezi esibonakalayo sensimbi-isikhunta kuyisinqumo esibalulekile; izixhumi ezingagcotshwanga kahle ziholela ekushintsheni kokushisa kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuqina kwendawo. Ukuthuthukisa ukugcotshwa ngokulungiswa kwamakhemikhali okugeleza kuhlobene ngqo nokushelela kobuso kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza.
Ukuvimbela i-Oxidation Yesibili
Uketshezi lwesikhunta lusebenza njengesembozo esingokoqobo kanye nesithiyo esisabelayo, sivikela insimbi encibilikisiwe emagesini omoya. Ngokuvimbela ukungena komoya-mpilo, ukwakheka kwama-oxide angafuneki ebusweni bensimbi kuyacindezelwa. Ukwakheka koketshezi kanye nokuqina kwempahla ebonakalayo—ikakhulukazi ubuncane (isilinganiso se-CaO kuya ku-SiO₂)—kuqinisekisa ukwakheka koketshezi oluqinile kanye nomkhawulo wokukhiqizwa kokufakwa. Uketshezi kumele futhi lukhawulele ukumuncwa kokushintsha okuyingozi njengokuna kwe-perovskite, okungalimaza ukuhlanzeka kwensimbi ngenye indlela.
Ukufakwa kwe-Adsorbing
Ngesikhathi sokuqina, izinto ezifakiwe ezingezona ezensimbi ziyaphakama ziye ebusweni bensimbi. Izinto ezifakwe isikhunta eziklanywe kahle zimunca futhi zibambe lezi zinto ezifakiwe ngempumelelo, zivimbele ukungena kwazo kabusha emkhiqizweni. Ukwakheka kwe-flux kumele kube lula kulo msebenzi ngaphandle kokusekela ukusabela kwesibili noma ukushintsha kabi i-viscosity. Le ndima ekabili—ukususa izinto ezifakiwe ngenkathi kugcinwa ukugeleza—ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwensimbi okusezingeni eliphezulu.
Umthelela Ekhwalithini Yomphezulu kanye Nesivinini Sokusebenza
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-mold flux kunquma ngqo ukuphela kwendawo ye-billet, i-bloom, noma i-slab. Ukulawulwa okufanayo kokudluliselwa kokushisa kanye nokugcotshwa kuqinisekisa ukukhula okulinganayo kwegobolondo, kunciphisa amamaki okunyakazisa kanye nokuqhekeka. Izifundo zesikali sezitshalo ziqinisekisa ukuthi amapharamitha e-flux alungiselelwe kahle aletha izindawo ezibushelelezi kanye namaphutha ambalwa, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini sokuphonsa esingaphezu kwama-3 m/min.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesivinini sokusebenza enkambisweni yokubumba eqhubekayo kuncike ekuthuthukisweni kokuphathwa kokuhamba kwesikhunta. Ngesivinini esiphezulu, ukuncibilika okungaphelele noma okungaguquki, ukugcoba okunganele, noma ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo kungabangela ukwehluleka okukhulu kobuso noma ukuqhekeka kwamagobolondo. Isivinini sanda sigcizelela kakhulu ubudlelwano phakathi kwephrofayili yokuhamba kokushisa, ukuqina kokugcoba, kanye nokulawulwa kwezinkinga, okuqinisa isidingo sokulawulwa kwempahla yokuhamba kwesikhunta okuqinile.
Ukusakazwa Okusheshayo: Izinselele Ekukhetheni Nokuphatha Ukugeleza
Ukuphonswa okuqhubekayo okusheshayo kwandisa izinselele ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kokushintshashintsha kwesikhunta:
- Ukudluliselwa Kokushisa Okungazinzile:Ukuqina okusheshayo kwandisa i-thermal gradients, okubangela ukwakheka kwegobolondo elingalingani noma ukuqhekeka kwendawo uma izakhiwo zokushintshashintsha zingaqini ngokwanele noma zingasabeli kahle.
- Ukulawulwa Kokwakheka Kwekristalu:Amazinga okuphonswa okusheshayo angaphazamisa ibhalansi ehlosiwe yekristalu/yengilazi kungqimba ye-slag eqinile. Ukukristalu okusheshayo kakhulu kungabamba izendlalelo zokugeleza, kukhuphule ukumelana nokushisa ngaphezu kokufanele, kubangele imifantu yangaphakathi. Ukukristalu okuhamba kancane kakhulu kubangela ukugcotshwa ngokweqile kanye nokulahlekelwa ukushisa ngokweqile, okwandisa amamaki okushukuma kanye nokugoba.
- Ukusebenza Kokugcoba:Uma ijubane liphezulu, isikhathi sokwakheka kwefilimu ye-slag siyancipha. Ama-fluxes kumele agcine i-viscosity ephansi kanye nokuncibilika okuhambisanayo, kungenjalo kungenzeka ukuthi anamathele futhi aqhekeke ebusweni.
- Ukuvimbela Ukuvundisa:Ukwanda kokushukuma kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinga lensimbi kukhuthaza ukuthintana komoya, okudinga ukugeleza okunokuqina okuphezulu kokubumba kanye nezakhiwo zokumboza ukuncibilika okusheshayo.
- Ukumuncwa Kokufakwa:Amanani aphezulu okulahla adinga ukugeleza okusheshayo ukuze kugcinwe ukubanjwa nokususwa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuvumela izinto ezifakiwe ukuba ziphume.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwezimboni kubonisa ukuthi izindawo ezifanaukujiya koketshezi, izinga lokushisa lokwakheka kwekristalu, kanye nokumelana nokwakheka kwezinguquko zamakhemikhali kumele kuphathwe futhi kuqashwe njalo. Izindlela zokwenza lokhu zifaka phakathi ukuchazwa kwesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi athuthukisiwe njengemitha yobukhulu be-ultrasonic ye-Lonnmeter noma imitha yobukhulu be-Lonnmeter tuning fork, okuvumela ukulawula okuguqukayo kwe-flux layer dynamics.
Ngamafuphi, ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokubumba okuqhubekayo—ikakhulukazi maqondana nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye nesivinini sokusebenza—kuncike ezicini eziqinile zokushintshashintsha kwesikhunta kanye nokulawula: ukulinganisela ukudluliselwa kokushisa, ukuthambisa, ukuvimbela ukushiswa kwe-oxidation, kanye nokumuncwa kokufakwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zensimbi nezimo zokubumba.
Izakhiwo Ezibalulekile Ze-Mold Flux Zokusebenza Okuhle
Ukuqhuma kwesikhunta kuyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokubumba okuqhubekayo kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi. Izakhiwo zaso zomzimba zinquma ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela zokulawula ukudlulisa ukushisa ekubunjweni kwensimbi, amasu okugcoba isikhunta, kanye nokuvimbela amaphutha.
Ukuqina: Ukuthambisa, Ukudlulisa Ukushisa, kanye Nokuvimbela Ukuqhekeka
Iukuthamba kwesikhuntailawula ukugcotshwa phakathi kwegobolondo lensimbi kanye nesikhunta sethusi. Ukugcotshwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ifilimu yokugcotshwa ezinzile, edingekayo ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-billet kanye nesikhunta kanye nokuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwesibili ensimbini encibilikisiwe. Ukugcotshwa okuphansi kwandisa ukugcotshwa, okunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka okude ngokuvimbela ukuthintana okuqondile kwegobolondo-isikhunta kanye nokukhula okungalingani kwegobolondo. Kodwa-ke, ukugcotshwa kumele kulawulwe ngokucophelela: uma kuphansi kakhulu, ukudluliselwa kokushisa ngokweqile kungabangela ukuqhekeka kobuso; uma kuphezulu kakhulu, ukugcotshwa akwanele, okuholela ekunamatheleni kwegobolondo noma ekwakhekeni kokuqhekeka.
Izengezo ezifana ne-MgO zisebenza njengeziphazamisi zenethiwekhi ekuncibilikeni, zinciphisa amandla okusebenza futhi zishintshe isakhiwo sokuncibilika. Lokhu kuphumela ekunciphiseni i-viscosity, kuthuthukisa kokubili ukuthambisa kanye nokuziphatha kwe-crystallization futhi kukhiqize ukupholisa okufanayo ekubunjweni okuqhubekayo. Isibonelo, ukulungisa i-viscosity ekubunjweni kwe-slab encane ngesivinini esikhulu kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kweziphambeko zobuso, ngokuguquguquka okwenziwe kahle okuholela ekufaneni kokukhula kwegobolondo kanye nokuqhekeka okuncane kobuso.
Izinga Lokuncibilika Nokushisa: Ukumbozwa Okusheshayo Kwesikhunta Nokulawula Ukushisa
Izinga lokuncibilika kanye nokushisa kunquma ukuthi isikhunta simbozwa ngokushesha kangakanani yi-flux yoketshezi. Ukumbozwa kwesikhunta okusheshayo nokulinganayo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhishwa kokushisa kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokugcoba ezigabeni zokuqala zokwakheka kwegobolondo. Emisebenzini yokuphotha ngesivinini esikhulu (≥3 m/min), ukuphotha kwesikhunta kumele kufinyelele amazinga okushisa okuncibilika ngaphansi kuka-1000°C futhi kuqedwe ukuncibilika kungakapheli imizuzwana engama-41 ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kokuphotha nokuvimbela amaphutha ebusweni.
Izingxenye ze-Exothermic (isb., i-CaSi noma i-Si) kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya ezilungiselelwe wena kusheshisa izinga lokuncibilika ngokunikeza ukushisa okwengeziwe kokusabela. Uma lezi zakhiwo zilungiswa, amaphutha afana nokubamba kwe-flux kanye nokubambezeleka kokumboza ayancishiswa. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ama-flux esikhunta ancibilika ngokushesha afinyelela izingqimba zokugcoba ezingenamaphutha, ezihambisanayo ngesivinini sokukhipha esingaphezu kwama-3 m/min, kuyilapho ama-kinetics okuncibilika alawulwayo esiza ukugcina ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okulinganayo nokucindezela imifantu emide.
Izingxenyana Zesisekelo Nezakhi: Ukulungisa I-Rheology kanye ne-Crystallization
I-Basicity (isilinganiso se-CaO/SiO2) ithonya kakhulu ukuziphatha kwe-rheological kwe-mold flux kanye nephethini yayo yokwenza i-crystallization. I-basicity ephezulu ivame ukunciphisa i-viscosity futhi isheshise ukwenza i-crystallization, ithinta ukuthi i-flux ingamunca kahle kangakanani izinto ezifakiwe ensimbini encibilikisiwe futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula kwegobolondo okufanayo. Okuqukethwe kwamanye ama-oxide njenge-MgO, i-Al2O3, kanye nama-alkali oxides (isb., i-Na2O, i-Li2O) kuguqula kakhulu isakhiwo se-flux.
Izingxenyana zezingxenye zilungisa izakhiwo ezibalulekile ze-rheological:
- Ukwandisa i-MgO noma i-Na2O kuphazamisa inethiwekhi ye-silicate, kunciphisa i-viscosity encibilikayo futhi kusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqimba ye-interfacial efana nengilazi, egcotshwe kahle.
- Ukulawulwa kwesisekelo kuzinzisa inqubo yokwenza ikristalu, elawula ukugeleza kokushisa phakathi kwensimbi kanye nesikhunta; ukwakheka kwekristalu okulinganiselayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuhoxiswe i-billet njalo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqhubekayo.
Izinguquko kulezi zilinganiso zezingxenye kumele zivumelane namazinga ensimbi eqondiwe kanye nesivinini sokukhipha ukuze kugwenywe ukuphambuka okungalimaza izakhiwo zokushintshashintsha kwesikhunta kanye nokulawula.
Izinto Okufanele Uzicabangele Ezemvelo: Ukuthuthukiswa Kokugeleza Okungenayo I-Fluorine
Imithethonqubo ekhulayo yezemvelo ibangela ukushintshela ekuguqukeni kwesikhunta okungena-fluorine, njengoba izindlela zendabuko ezisebenzisa i-CaF2 noma i-NaF zikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwegesi okune-fluorine okusongela ikhwalithi yomoya kanye nokusimama emsebenzini. Ukufaka esikhundleni se-fluoride ngama-oxide afana ne-B2O3, Na2O, kanye ne-TiO2 kuhlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zokulawula ukujiya kanye nokudluliselwa kokushisa ngenkathi kunciphisa ukukhishwa okuyingozi.
Isibonelo, izinhlelo ze-CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O–B2O3 zibonisa ukuncibilika kanye ne-rheology efana ne-analogues ene-fluorinated. Ukwengezwa kwe-Li2O noma i-Na2O ephakathi kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukwakheka kwengilazi, kunciphisa i-viscosity futhi kuthuthukise ukugcotshwa. Izilingo zebhentshi ziqinisekisa ukuthi lawa ma-formula ahlukile anikeza ukusebenza okuncintisanayo ngamazinga aphansi okukhishwa komoya. Kodwa-ke, ukukhethwa kwezingxenye kanye nobulula kumele kuhlale kulawulwa ngokuqinile ukuze kugwenywe ukuphambuka okungalindelekile ezimweni ezinzima zokuphonswa.
Ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi ngesikhathi sangempela, njengemitha yobuningi be-ultrasonic ye-Lonnmeter kanyeImitha yobuningi befoloko yokulungisa iLonnmeter, kusiza ukuqinisekisa izakhiwo zomzimba ze-flux, kusekela ukulungiswa kwe-continuous casting mold flux kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-costing okuqhubekayo. Lawa mathuluzi ahlinzeka ngedatha eqondile yokulinganisa i-flux ye-liquid mold, enikeza ulwazi ngokulungiswa kwenqubo yansuku zonke yokusebenza okuqinile nokuqaphela imvelo.
Ukwenza ngcono lezi zakhiwo ezibalulekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-mold flux igcwalisa izindima zayo ekususweni kokufakwa, ukugcoba ekubunjweni okuqhubekayo, kanye nokupholisa okuphumelelayo, okufanayo—isigaba ngasinye enkambisweni yokubunjwa okuqhubekayo siboshwe ebhalansini efanele yalezi zici.
Ukulinganiswa Kobuningi Boketshezi Ekuphathweni Kokugeleza Kwesikhunta
Ukubaluleka Kobuningi Boketshezi Ekuziphatheni Kokukhukhula Kwesikhunta
Ubuningi be-flux buthinta nekhono le-mold flux lokumunca izinto ezingezona ezensimbi, okuzivimbela ekubeni yiziphambeko ensimbini. Isendlalelo se-flux esiqinile sithuthukisa "ukucwila" kanye nezinga lokumuncwa kwezinto ezilengisiwe esibonakalayo se-slag-steel. Lapho izimo zenqubo zikhuthaza ukugeleza okuphezulu—njengokubhuleka kwe-electromagnetic—ubuningi be-flux buthuthukisa kakhulu ukususwa kokufakwa, okusekela umgomo wokuvimbela i-oxidation yesibili ensimbini encibilikisiwe futhi kwandiswe ukuhlanzeka. Kodwa-ke, ubuningi obukhulu kumele bulinganiswe ne-viscosity efanele ukuze kugcinwe ukugcoba okufanele phakathi kwe-billet kanye ne-mold. Ubuningi obukhulu ngaphandle kokuziphatha okugelezayo okuhambisanayo kungaholela ekungazinzi esibonakalayo se-slag/steel, okwandisa ingozi yokubanjwa kwe-flux kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Ukulawulwa kwalezi zakhiwo kusekela izici ezibalulekile zokwenza ngcono inqubo: kusukela ezindleleni zokulawula ukudlulisa ukushisa ekubunjweni kwensimbi kuya ekunciphiseni ukungqubuzana kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yeslab kanye ne-billet. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokulungiswa kobuningi bokugeleza kwesikhunta kuthuthukisa imigomo ebalulekile—ukupholisa okufanayo, ukususwa kokufakwa, kanye nokugcotshwa okuphumelelayo ekubunjweni okuqhubekayo.
Izinsimbi Zokulinganisa Ubuningi Boketshezi Zanamuhla
Ukulinganisa ngokunembile ubuningi be-mold flux kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokucubungula kanye nokufeza ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamathuluzi ezitholakalayo, ezivelele kakhulu yi-liquid mold flux density meter, i-Lonnmeter tuning fork density meter, kanye ne-Lonnmeter ultrasonic density meter.
Iimitha yobuningi besikhunta soketsheziiklanyelwe ngqo indawo eyinselele yokulinganisa ukugeleza okuncibilikisiwe. Le divayisi ngokuvamile incike esimisweni sokuntanta: inzwa yobukhulu nomthamo owaziwayo ifakwa ekugelezeni okuncibilikisiwe, futhi amandla aphezulu asetshenziswa ukugeleza avumela ithuluzi ukuthi linqume ubuningi balo. Ngenxa yendawo esabela kakhulu futhi eshisa kakhulu, amamitha anjalo aklanywe ngezinto eziqinile, ezingasabela kanye nezindawo zokuvikela, okwenza kube lula ukulinganisa okuphindaphindwayo ngaphandle kokungcolisa ukugeleza.
IImitha yobuningi befoloko yokulungisa iLonnmeterinikeza ukunemba okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuthembeka ngenxa yesimiso sayo sokulinganisa ngokomzimba. Isebenza ekushintsheni kwemvamisa ye-resonance yefoloko edlidlizayo ecwiliswe ekugelezeni okuncibilikisiwe noma okuwuketshezi. Njengoba ubuningi boketshezi bushintsha, imvamisa ye-resonance iyashintsha, okuvumela ukulinganiswa kobuningi besikhathi sangempela, okuqondile. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Isinxephezelo sokushisa esakhelwe ngaphakathi—sibalulekile ekuzinzeni kwenqubo phakathi nokushintshashintsha kokushisa.
- Ukukhishwa kwedatha yedijithali yokuhlanganiswa okuqondile nezinhlelo zokulawula izinqubo.
- Ukufaneleka okuqinisekisiwe kwezindawo eziqhumayo, ezigqwalisayo, noma ezishisa kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha.
- Ukuqina kokusebenza kokuqapha okuqhubekayo, ubusuku nemini, ngokungafani nokuthatha amasampula ngesandla njalo.
Isibonelo, ohlelweni lokuphatha ukugeleza kwe-flux lwesitshalo sensimbi, imitha yokulinganisa i-Lonnmeter efakwe emgqeni wokudlulisa ukugeleza inikeza impendulo eqhubekayo, okwenza opharetha bakwazi ukulungisa ngokushesha amapharamitha okusakaza ukuze balondoloze izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokugeleza kwe-mold futhi banciphise amathuba okuba neziphambeko.
IImitha yobuningi be-ultrasonic ye-Lonnmeterinikeza ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, okungenakho ukuthintana kwabantu. Ithumela ama-pulse e-ultrasonic ngokusebenzisa i-flux encibilikisiwe noma ewuketshezi, ilinganisa isikhathi kanye nokuncipha kwezimpawu ze-acoustic. Ubuningi butholakala ngesivinini sokusabalala kanye nokulahlekelwa amandla, okuncike ekubuneni kwendawo. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Ukufundwa okusheshayo nokuphindaphindekayo, okusekela izinqumo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela.
- Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kanye nokwenza ngokuzenzakalela kwenqubo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwesikhunta.
- Ingozi encishisiwe yokugqwala kwenzwa kanye nokwakheka kwayo, njengoba inzwa ingadingi ukuthintana ngqo nokushintshashintsha kwayo.
Ukukhethwa kwezinsimbi zezindawo zokuphonsa eziqhubekayo ezisebenza kahle kuncike ezicini eziningana:
- Amandla obubanzi bokushisa: Izinzwa kumele zibekezelele ukushisa okukhulu kokushintshashintsha okuncibilikisiwe.
- Ukuhambisana nokwakheka kwe-flux: Izinto zenzwa kumele zimelane nokugqwala nokuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali.
- Isivinini kanye nokuvama kokulinganisa: Idatha eqhubekayo yesikhathi sangempela ikhethwa kakhulu ekulawuleni inqubo eguquguqukayo.
- Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezikhona zokwenza ngokuzenzakalela kwenqubo.
- Ukunemba nokuphindeka: Amathuluzi afana ne-Lonnmeter aqinisekisa ukubekezelelana kwenqubo okuqinile kanye nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi okuqhutshwa idatha.
Ukugcina Ukunemba Ngesikhathi Sokushintshashintsha Kwenqubo:
Ukwehluka kokwakheka kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuguquguquka kuvamile ekubunjweni okuqhubekayo. Zombili i-Lonnmeter tuning fork kanye ne-ultrasonic density metres zifaka izici zokunciphisa izinga lokushisa, ukulungisa ukuncika kokushisa kwempendulo yenzwa kanye nemvamisa ye-resonance. Izinqubo zokusebenza zifaka ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokuhlanzeka kanye nobuqotho benzwa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokushintsha okukhulu kwenqubo noma ngezikhathi ezivamile.
Ukuqinisekisa Ukuphindaphindeka kanye Nobuqotho Bedatha:
Ukulinganisa okuphindaphindwayo kuncike ekufakweni okuzinzile, ukugwema amaphakethe omoya (okungathinta kokubili ukuntanta kanye nokufundwa kwefoloko elidlidlizayo), kanye nokuvimbela ukungcola noma izinhlayiya eziqinile ezinamathela ezindaweni zezinzwa. Ekusetshenzisweni okuqondile, ukuphathwa kokugeleza okuzungeze inzwa kuqinisekisa isampula eqhubekayo, emele umfudlana wenqubo. Ukufakwa kwenzwa okungafuneki—kusetshenziswa amayunithi ayinhloko kanye nawasekelayo—kuvikela kakhulu ekukhukhuleni kwedatha futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokuphonsa okuqhubekayo akuphazamisi ukwehluleka kwenzwa.
Idatha ingeniswe kusuka ku-ukulinganiswa kobuningi boketsheziAmathuluzi kumele agcinwe ngokuphephile, kanye nemiphumela yesikhathi sangempela ehlanganiswe kumadeshibhodi okulawula inqubo. Ama-alamu azenzakalelayo angaxwayisa opharetha ngokuphambuka okungaphezu kwemininingwane, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulungisa ngokushesha ukuze kugcinwe ukulawula okunembile kwezakhiwo zokushintshashintsha kwesikhunta, futhi, ngokwengeziwe, wonke amapharamitha abalulekile ekhwalithi enqubweni yokuphonswa okuqhubekayo.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kokulinganiswa Kobuningi Ekuthuthukisweni Kwenqubo Yokuphonsa Okuqhubekayo
Ukulinganiswa kobuningi boketshezi ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwenqubo yokubumba okuqhubekayo yesimanje. Ukuqapha ngqo ubuningi boketshezi olugeleza esikhumbeni kunikeza idatha esebenzisekayo yokulawula okuguquguqukayo, kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yensimbi ngokuthonya ngokunembile ukudluliselwa kokushisa, ukuthambisa, kanye nokuqina.
Ukuqapha Ubuningi Besikhathi Sangempela Kokulawula Ukuphonsa Okuguquguqukayo
Ukulinganiswa kobuningi boketshezi lwe-mold flux okuqhubekayo, okungaphakathi kwendawo kwenza opharetha bakwazi ukulandelela izinguquko zobuningi kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuphonswa. Ngezinsimbi ezithuthukisiwe—njengezinzwa ze-interferometric—izakhiwo ezibalulekile njengobukhulu befilimu ye-flux kanye nokuvela kwegebe lomoya kuyaqashwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuqonda kuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kokwakheka koketshezi lwe-mold flux noma amapharamitha okuphonswa, kunciphisa ukubambezeleka phakathi kokutholwa kwesimo kanye nesenzo sokulungisa. Isibonelo, uma kutholwa ukwehla kobuningi boketshezi lwe-mold flux, opharetha bangandisa ukwengeza kwe-mold powder noma balungise izindawo zokushisa ukuze bazinzise ukuziphatha koketshezi futhi bavimbele amaphutha egobolondo.
Ngenkathi izinhlelo ze-fiber optic kanye ne-interferometric zibusa ukuqapha kwamanje okunesisombululo esiphezulu, amamitha e-Lonnmeter ultrasonic kanye ne-tuning fork density anikeza ezinye izindlela eziqinile zokulawula inqubo ebanzi. Lawa mathuluzi anikeza impendulo esheshayo ku-flux density, enikeza izixwayiso zakuqala ngezimo ezishintshayo ezingathinta ukuqina noma ziholele ekubunjweni okungafani.
Ama-Feedback Loops: Idatha Yobuningi Enejubane, Ukugcoba, kanye Nokuphathwa Kokushisa
Ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi kusakhiwo sokulawula esivaliwe kuguqula ukuphendula kwenqubo. Abalawuli be-logic abahlelwayo be-data density feed (PLCs) besikhathi sangempela kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe, okuqinisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinguquko zokukhipha ukhiye:
- Isivinini Sokusakaza:Ukungalingani ekukhishweni kokushisa kwesignali yobuningi besikhunta noma ingozi yokuqhekeka okungenzeka. Izinhlelo zisebenzisa ukufundwa kobuningi ukuze zilawule isivinini sokukhipha, zinciphise amaphutha ahlobene namazinga okukhula kwegobolondo angafanele.
- Ukulungiswa Kokugcoba:Ukulandelela ubuningi obunembile kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-flux encibilikisiwe yakha ifilimu efanele yokugcoba, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-billet kanye nesikhunta. Ubuningi obuphansi kunokulindelekile bungakhuthaza ukulungiswa kokugcoba okuzenzakalelayo, kugcinwe izimo ze-casting interface ezifanelekile futhi kuvimbele ukunamathela.
- Ukuphathwa Kokushisa:Ukufundwa kobuningi kuthonya kakhulu izindlela zokulawula ukudluliselwa kokushisa ekubunjweni kwensimbi. Ukulinganisa kwesikhathi sangempela kuvumela opharetha ukuthi balungise ukugeleza kwamanzi okupholisa noma izindlela zokupholisa zesibili, okuqinisekisa ukupholisa okufanayo kulo lonke ububanzi kanye nobukhulu besikhunta.
Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa komthethonqubo wokufutha amanzi oguquguqukayo oxhumene ngqo nobuningi bokugeleza kanye nokufundwa kwenzwa yokushisa, okuqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwegobolondo ngisho nangokufakwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa eziguquguqukayo noma ukuguquguquka kwemvelo.
I-Mold Flux Yokuphonsa Okuqhubekayo
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Indima Ekunciphiseni Ukuqhekeka Kwe-Longitudinal Engaphezulu Ngokuthuthukisa Ukudluliselwa Kokushisa Nokukhula Kokuqina
Imifantu ye-longitudinal imele inselele eqhubekayo yokulawula ikhwalithi yokubumba okuqhubekayo. Lezi ziphambeko zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokudluliselwa kokushisa okungalingani kanye nokuqina kwegobolondo okungalingani. Ukulinganiswa kobuningi be-mold flux ngesikhathi sangempela kusebenza njengesibonakaliso sokuqala sokungahambi kahle kwefilimu ye-flux noma izinguquko ekuqhutshweni kokushisa.
Ukulungiswa kwe-continuous casting mold flux optimization kusebenzisa le datha ukuze kulungiswe ukwakheka kwe-flux, kufezwe ukumbozwa okufanayo kanye namazinga okuqina abikezelwayo. Amasu okulinganisa ubuningi be-fluid asiza ukugcina ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokufakwa kwe-insulation kanye nokugcotshwa, okuqinisekisa ukushabalaliswa kokushisa okuzinzile kusuka ebusweni be-billet. Ukushintsha izimo zokukhipha ngokuphendula ukugeleza kobuningi kusekela ukupholisa okufanayo ekuphonsweni okuqhubekayo, okubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kokushisa okubangela imifantu ebusweni.
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwamamitha okulinganisa uketshezi lwesikhunta, njengemitha yokulinganisa ubuningi be-Lonnmeter noma imitha yokulinganisa ubuningi be-Lonnmeter, nakho kusiza ukuvimbela ukushiswa kwesibili ensimbini encibilikisiwe, njengoba ukumbozwa koketshezi okufanele kuhlukanisa insimbi nomoya-mpilo womoya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zixazululo zithuthukisa ukususwa kokufakwa ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi luhlala lusezingeni lalo elifanele lokunamathela kanye nobuningi bokunamathela okungenayo insimbi, okuthinta ngqo ukuhlanzeka kwensimbi kanye nekhwalithi iyonke.
Ngokuhlanganisa izinsimbi eziphendulayo nezinesisombululo esiphezulu ekubunjweni okuqhubekayo, abenzi bensimbi banciphisa ngokuhlelekile ingozi yeziphambeko ezihlobene nokubunjwa futhi baphakamise ukuthembeka kokusebenza, bafinyelele ukuzinza okuphezulu kwenqubo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo oqediwe ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokungenelela eziqhutshwa idatha kanye nezindlela zokuphendula.
Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kokugeleza Kwesikhunta Ngezindlela Zokuhlaziya
Ukusebenza kwe-flux yesikhunta enqubweni yokubumba eqhubekayo kuncike ezicini eziklanywe ngokucophelela eziqinisekisa ukupholisa okufanayo, ukugcotshwa okusebenzayo, kanye nokususwa kokufakwa okuqhubekayo. Amasu okuhlaziya athuthukile abe yinto ebalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono la ma-flux ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yensimbi kanye nokuthembeka kokubumba.
Ukuqondanisa Ukulinganiswa Kobuningi Nemiphumela Yekhwalithi Yomphezulu
Ukuqinisekiswa kwamasu okwenza ngcono i-flux kuhilela ukuhlanganisa idatha yelabhorethri nemiphumela yokusakaza yangempela.Imitha yobuningi be-ultrasonic ye-LonnmeterfuthiImitha yobuningi befoloko yokulungisa iLonnmeterahlinzeke ngokulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi endaweni ngesikhathi sokuphonsa. Lawa mathuluzi, amele amathuluzi okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi besimanje, aletha ukulandelela ngesikhathi sangempela kwezakhiwo zoketshezi lwesikhunta. Ngokuqapha njalo ubuningi boketshezi, opharetha bangalungisa amapharamitha enqubo ukuze balondoloze ukulawula kokudlulisa ukushisa okuhle kakhulu futhi banciphise ukungqubuzana, okuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi yobuso bama-billets ahlanganisiwe.
Ukugcotshwa, Ukudluliselwa Kokushisa, kanye Nokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi: Imiphumela Yokubambisana
Enqubweni yokuphonsa eqhubekayo, ukulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokujikeleza kwesikhunta. Ubuningi obulinganisiwe buthinta ngqo ukuthambisa, ukudluliselwa kokushisa, kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi, okuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokuphonsa eqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo eziqinile zokujikeleza kwesikhunta kanye namasu okulawula.
Ithonya Lobuningi Ekugcotshweni Nokunciphisa Ukungqubuzana
Amanani anembile obuningi boketshezi oluphumayo lubalulekile ekulawuleni ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-billet noma i-slab eqinisayo kanye nezindonga zesikhunta. Ukungqubuzana kwesikhunta okuphezulu kakhulu ngokuvamile kwakha ifilimu yokungqubuzana koketshezi ebanzi endaweni yokuxhumana yensimbi-isikhunta, okuhlukanisa ngempumelelo isikhunta negobolondo elikhulayo. Lolu ngqimba lwefilimu lwehlisa i-coefficient yokungqubuzana ezindaweni ezibalulekile zokuthintana—lapho ifilimu yokungqubuzana ixinene futhi ifana kakhulu, kulapho ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana kanye nokuqina kwenqubo kukhulu khona. Isibonelo, izilinganiso ezivela kumitha yokuqina kwefoloko yokulungisa i-Lonnmeter zingasiza ekugcineni ukujiya kwefilimu okulungile, ukuqinisekisa ukunyakaza kwentambo okubushelelezi kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka.
Ukulawulwa okunembile kobuningi kwenza ukulungiswa kokwakheka kokuguquguquka kwesikhunta kanye namapharamitha okubumba ukuze kulungiswe ukujiya kwefilimu kanye nokungena kwayo. Ukujiya okuphansi kanye nobuningi obulawulwayo kuvumela ukujiya ukuthi kugeleze ngokukhululeka, kunciphisa ukumelana njengoba umucu uhamba. Kodwa-ke, ukujiya kwefilimu okweqile, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukujiya, kungaphazamisa ukukhishwa kokushisa kanye nokuqina kwegobolondo. Ukugcina ibhalansi efanele—eqondiswa amathuluzi okulinganisa ukujiya koketshezi—kuyindlela ebalulekile yokugcoba isikhunta yokunciphisa ukujiya phakathi kwe-billet kanye nesikhunta ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa noma ukubangela ukunamathela noma ukuqhekeka.
Ukulawula Ukudluliselwa Kokushisa Ukuze Kuphole Ngendlela Efanayo Nokunciphisa Amaphutha
Ubuningi abuthinti nje kuphela ukugcotshwa kodwa futhi nokudluliselwa kokushisa ekubunjweni okuqhubekayo. Ukushisa kanye nobukhulu bamafilimu e-mold slag—kokubili uketshezi kanye nokuqina—kuxhunyaniswe nokwakheka kwe-flux kanye nobuningi. Ukudluliselwa kokushisa okufanayo nge-mold kubalulekile ukuze kube namazinga okupholisa ahambisanayo, okuyimfuneko yokukhiqizwa kwensimbi engenasici. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi, opharetha bangalungisa ukwakheka kwe-slag ukuze kuqhutshwe kahle i-mold flux, kugxilwe kumanani afanele obuningi akhuthaza ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-slag efanayo.
Iphrofayili yobuningi obulinganisiwe inikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela yokushintsha amazinga okupholisa isikhunta. Isibonelo, imitha yobuningi be-ultrasonic ye-Lonnmeter inikeza ukufundwa okusheshayo, isekela ukulungiswa okusheshayo ezindleleni zokulawula ukudluliselwa kokushisa ekubunjweni kwensimbi. Ubukhulu obufanayo bokugeleza kwesikhunta soketshezi, obulawulwa ubuningi obuhambisanayo, buqinisekisa ukulingana kwezinga lokushisa, kunciphisa ukuvela kwemifantu, ukukhula kwegobolondo okungalingani, kanye namamaki okunyakazisa ubuso.
Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukwelula ubude besikhunta noma ukwenza ngcono isikhunta ukuze kuncishiswe izikhala zomoya—izenzo ezenziwe zithembeke uma ziqhutshwa idatha evela kumathuluzi okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi. Le mizamo iqinisekisa ukususwa kokushisa okuzinzile, okubalulekile ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kwenqubo okuzinzile.
Ubuningi kanye nokumuncwa kokufakwa, Ukuvimbela i-Oxidation yesibili
Ubuningi bulawula futhi amandla okushintshashintsha kwesikhunta ukuze kufakwe izinto ezifakwe ensimbini encibilikisiwe futhi kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa kwesibili. Ngokukhethekile, ama-flux aphezulu ahlinzeka ngesikhombikubona esibanzi sokumunca izinto ezifakwe ezingezona ezensimbi (njenge-Al₂O₃ ne-SiO₂), edonsa lezi zinhlayiya ensimbini futhi azibambe ngaphakathi kwe-slag. Lokhu kuphumela ensimbini ehlanzekile futhi kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-metallurgical.
Ubuningi obuthuthukisiwe busekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamafilimu e-slag aqhubekayo, afanayo, asebenza njengezithiyo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ku-oxygen yomoya-mpilo womoya. Lesi sivikelo sicindezela ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-oxidation, noma i-oxidation yesibili, okungase kuveze izigaba ezibuthakathaka noma ama-oxide ayingozi kumkhiqizo. Ubuningi bokugeleza obufanayo, obulungiselelwe kusetshenziswa amasu okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi athuthukisiwe, buqinisa amasu okuvimbela—ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezimo zokukhukhumala okusheshayo noma okuguquguqukayo kusikhunta.
Amathuluzi athuthukisiwe, njengemitha yobuningi besikhunta esiwuketshezi, ahlinzeka ngokulinganisa endaweni ukuze asekele ukususwa kokufakwa okuqhutshwa yikhwalithi ensimbini encibilikisiwe nokuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwesibili ensimbini encibilikisiwe, noma ngabe izimo zokubumba ziyashintshashintsha.
Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Okuhlanganisiwe Ngokuphathwa Kobuningi
Ukulawulwa okuqhubekayo kobuningi bokugeleza kwesikhunta kwenza amasu okulawula ikhwalithi ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokuhlanganisa idatha evela kumathuluzi okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi eLonnmeter, abaqhubi bokuphonsa bangenza ngcono ukugcotshwa, bathuthukise ukudluliselwa kokushisa, futhi bagcine izinhloso zokuhlanzeka. Ukuhlanganisa ubuningi nezenzo zokulawula inqubo kuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imiphumela yokusebenzisana—ukugcotshwa, ukupholisa okulawulwayo, kanye nokuhlanzwa—kuyavumelaniswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwenqubo yokuphonsa okuqhubekayo.
Izincomo Ezisebenzayo Zokusetshenziswa Kwezimboni
Ukuhlanganisa Amamitha Obuningi Be-Liquid Mold Flux Ekuhambeni Komsebenzi Okuqhubekayo
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokubumba eqhubekayo, ukuhlanganiswa okufanele kwamamitha okuqina kwesikhunta esiwuketshezi—njengemitha yokuqina kwe-ultrasonic ye-Lonnmeter kanye nemitha yokuqina kwe-Lonnmeter tuning fork—kudinga ukuhambisana ngokucophelela nemikhuba yokulinganisa ekhona. Hlola ukuhamba komsebenzi ukuze uthole izindawo zokuhlola ezibalulekile lapho ukuqapha kwesikhunta esiwuketshezi ngesikhathi sangempela kusekela ukulawula ukudluliselwa kokushisa ekubumbeni okuqhubekayo, ukufeza ukupholisa okufanayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa amasu okugcoba isikhunta. Faka amamitha okuqina ezindaweni zokuthatha isampula ezizinzile eduze kwesikhunta ukuze ubambe izakhiwo ezimele zesikhunta ngenkathi unciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokuguquguquka koketshezi.
Idatha yethuluzi lokuhambisa igeleza ngqo ezinhlelweni zokulawula izinqubo. Nika amandla izexwayiso ezizenzakalelayo zokufunda okungacacisiwe ukuze kushukunyiswe ukungenelela komqhubi wezakhiwo zokushintshashintsha kwesikhunta kanye nokulawula. Gcina izintambo eziphephile nezingafuneki ezindaweni ezinzima zomshini, uvikele imishini ekudlidlizeni, ekushiseni, nasekuchithekeni kwe-slag. Izinqubo zokuqalisa kumele zifake ukulinganiswa okuyisisekelo kusetshenziswa uketshezi olujwayelekile lokubhekisela ukuze kuqiniswe ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqhubekayo.
UkukhethaAmathuluzi Okulinganisa Ubuningi Boketshezi
Khetha amathuluzi okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zenqubo:
- SebenzisaAmamitha obuningi be-ultrasonic e-Lonnmeterlapho amazinga okushisa enqubo, ukucindezela, noma ukwakheka kokuguquguquka kushintshashintsha khona. Ubuchwepheshe be-Ultrasonic buqinisekisa ukufundwa okuthembekile, okuqhubekayo kanye nemvamisa yokulinganisa kabusha ephansi, okufanisa izindawo ezibucayi ekulawulweni kwenqubo okuqinile, njengalezo ezivimbela ukungcoliswa kwesibili ensimbini encibilikisiwe futhi zisekela ukulungiswa kokuguquguquka kokuguquguquka kokwakheka kwesikhunta okuqhubekayo.
- KhethaAmamitha okuqina kwefoloko lokushuna iLonnmeterukufakwa okunezinga lokushisa elizinzile, ukugeleza, kanye nokwakheka, lapho ukudlidliza kanye nokugeleza okuguquguqukayo kuncane kakhulu.
Ngokulandela ngokucophelela lezi zincomo, izitshalo zizoqinisekisa njalo ukuthi izakhiwo zesikhunta zisekela ukususwa kokufakwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, ukuthambisa okusebenzayo, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokukhipha kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokusebenza.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Kuyini ukugeleza kwesikhunta futhi kungani ubuningi baso bubalulekile enkambisweni yokubumba eqhubekayo?
I-mold flux iyinto eyakhiwe ngobunjiniyela esetshenziswa ebusweni bensimbi encibilikisiwe ekubunjweni okuqhubekayo. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ukugcoba—ikakhulukazi, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-billet nodonga lwe-mold—nokulawula ukudluliselwa kokushisa ukuze kuqiniswe ngokulinganayo. I-mold flux iphinde isebenze njengesivikelo esivikelayo, ivimbele i-oxidation yesibili futhi imunce izinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezivela ensimbini. Ubuningi be-mold flux buthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwayo; ubuningi obufanele buqinisekisa ungqimba oluhambisanayo lokudluliselwa kokushisa okuphumelelayo kanye nokugcoba, kuyilapho futhi kugcinwa ubuqotho bomzimba ngaphansi kwejubane nezimo zokukhipha ezihlukene. Ubuningi be-flux obunganele bungafaka engcupheni ukufudumala, okuholela ezifweni zomphezulu kanye nokuthambekela okukhulu kwe-oxidation, ikakhulukazi ezinsimbini ze-alloy ezithuthukisiwe noma ekusetshenzisweni kwe-casting ngesivinini esikhulu. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokulawula ukuguquguquka kobuningi be-flux kuyadingeka ukuze kufezwe ikhwalithi ephezulu yokugaya kanye nokuqina kwenqubo.
Imitha yobuningi besikhunta esiwuketshezi ithuthukisa kanjani ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokubumba okuqhubekayo?
Imitha yobuningi be-flux yesikhunta esiwuketshezi ivumela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, okunembile kakhulu kobuningi be-flux yesikhunta ngaphakathi kwesikhunta esithungayo. Ngokuhlanganisa amathuluzi okulinganisa anjalo, opharetha bathola impendulo esheshayo ngezimo ze-flux, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwamazinga okusetshenziswa, amakhemikhali, kanye nezilungiselelo zokushisa. Lokhu kulawula okunembile kuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa okuzinzile kanye nokuthambisa, kunciphisa izimo zokuqhekeka kobuso, ukuqhekeka kwegobolondo, kanye nokufakwa kabusha kwe-oxidation. Ukucaca kwenqubo okuthuthukisiwe nakho kusiza ukulawula ikhwalithi engcono, ngokumuncwa okuqhubekayo kokufakwa kanye namaphutha ambalwa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokuthulula okuqhubekayo kutholakala ngokuhlobanisa idatha yobuningi nemingcele yenqubo, okuholela ekupholiseni okufanayo, ukuthulula okwenziwe kahle, kanye nokuzinza kokuthulula okuphelele.
Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwefoloko yokulungisa i-Lonnmeter kanye namamitha obuningi be-ultrasonic ekulinganisweni kobuningi boketshezi?
Imitha yokulinganisa ifoloko lokujiya iLonnmeter isebenzisa izinto ezidlidlizayo ezizwela izinguquko ekujiyeni koketshezi, ihlinzeka ngokufundwa okunembe kakhulu nokuzinzile. Ihamba phambili ezindaweni ezine-flux eziqinile noma ezithambile, ivumelana kahle nezinguquko zesakhiwo ngokushesha futhi ivumela izikhathi zokuphendula ngokushesha. Umklamo wefoloko lokujiya uqinile, awunazo izingxenye ezihambayo kanye nezidingo zokulungisa ezincishisiwe.
Imitha yobuningi be-ultrasonic ye-Lonnmeter inikeza indlela ehlukile, isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukukala ubuningi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa. Inikeza izilinganiso ezisheshayo futhi ingafakwa kalula ezinhlelweni zokuqapha ezenzakalelayo. Amamitha e-Ultrasonic awazweli kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa kanye ne-viscosity, asebenza ngokwethembeka ezindaweni ezinzima nezishisa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile abangela izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi esikhathini eside futhi agcina ukunemba okuzinzile nokwesikhathi eside. Ukukhetha phakathi kwalezi zinsimbi kufanele kucabangele i-viscosity ye-flux, izidingo zokufaka, kanye nezinga elifunekayo le-automation.
Ukulawula ubuningi bokugeleza kwesikhunta kunikela kanjani ekuvimbeleni ukungcoliswa kwesibili?
Ubuningi obuzinzile nobanele ekugelezeni kwesikhunta kwakha ungqimba oluvikelayo oluqhubekayo, olungaphazanyiswa phezu kobuso bensimbi encibilikisiwe. Lesi sivikelo esibonakalayo sihlukanisa insimbi encibilikisiwe nomoya-mpilo womoya-mpilo womoya-mpilo, sinciphise ingozi yokugeleza kwesibili. Ukulawulwa kobuningi okuphumelelayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugeleza kuhlala kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, kungakhathaliseki ukushintshashintsha kwejubane lokuphonsa noma ukwakheka kwensimbi, kugcinwa izakhiwo zokuvimbela ezihambisanayo. Ngaphandle kobuningi obufanele, kungenzeka izikhala noma ukuncipha, okuveza insimbi ekugelezeni futhi kuholele ekufakweni kanye nekhwalithi yomphezulu eyonakele. Ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela ngamathuluzi okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi kwenza opharetha bakwazi ukugcina lo msebenzi wokuvikela kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuphonsa.
Yiziphi izindlela amathuluzi okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi asekela ngazo ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo ekubunjweni kwensimbi okuqhubekayo?
Amathuluzi okulinganisa ubuningi boketshezi anika amandla opharetha ukuthi balungise njalo amapharamitha okusakaza ngokusekelwe kumpendulo yesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kusekela ukupholisa okufanayo ngokulawula ukudluliselwa kokushisa, okubalulekile ukugwema imifantu yangaphakathi nokuqinisekisa ukujiya kwegobolondo okufiswayo. Ukulinganisa ubuningi okufanele kukhuthaza nokuthambisa okusebenzayo, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-billet kanye nesikhunta, kunciphisa izingozi zokuqhekeka, futhi kuvumela isivinini esiphezulu sokusakaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa mathuluzi asiza ukugcina izakhiwo zokushintshashintsha zilungele ukumuncwa kwezinto ezifakiwe ensimbini encibilikisiwe, okuholela ekukhishweni kwensimbi ehlanzekile. Indlela eqhutshwa idatha eqhutshwa yilawo mathuluzi iqhuba ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqhubekayo kokusakaza kanye nokwenza ngcono ukujikeleza komswakama, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo okuthuthukisiwe kanye namaphutha ambalwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-01-2025
