Ukulinganisa ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kuyisisekelo esingenakufakwa esikhundleni sokusebenza kahleukuntantaukunqunywa kwama-reagent ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali, okusebenza njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile phakathi kokuzinza kwenqubo, ukubuyiselwa kwensimbi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Ngokuletha idatha yesikhathi sangempela nenembile ngamanani okulethwa kwama-reagent kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-slurry, kuvumela izitshalo ukuthi zivumelane ngokuguquguqukayo ne-mineralology eshintshayo ye-ore, izimo ze-pulp, kanye neziguquguquko zokusebenza—ukunciphisa izingozi zokunciphisa umthamo (okunciphisa ukubuyiselwa) kanye nokweqisa umthamo (okuchitha amakhemikhali futhi konakalise ikhwalithi yokugxila).
Ukulinganisa i-Reagent ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-Flotation
Izisekelo Zokulinganisa I-Flotation Reagent
Ukulinganisa okunembile kwe-flotation reagent kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali abalulekile esitshalweni sokucubungula amaminerali. Usayizi oqondile kanye nokulawula umthamo we-reagent kunquma ukusebenza kahle kweamaseli okuntanta, okuthinta kokubili amazinga okubuyisa kanye nekhwalithi yokugxila. Lapho abaqoqi, njengabaqoqi be-xanthate noma be-dithiophosphate, benganikezwanga umthamo ofanele, imiphumela ishintsha ngokushesha. Ukuthatha umthamo ngokweqile kwe-xanthate kungagcwala kakhulu izindawo zamaminerali, okubangela hhayi nje kuphela ukwanda kwama-alamu edivayisi yokulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo kodwa futhi nokusebenza okungahlosiwe kwezinhlayiya ze-gangue, kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhetha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthatha umthamo ongaphansi kuholela ekunamathiselweni okunganele, kunciphisa isisindo samaminerali esiqoqiwe futhi kwehlise isivuno sonke. Ukusetshenziswa komqoqi we-Dithiophosphate kubhekene nezithiyo ezifanayo; ukulawula okunembile kunciphisa izindleko eziphezulu kakhulu ze-reagent kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okungadingekile, kusekela imikhuba yokusebenza kahle kwezindleko ze-reagent yokuntanta okuqhubekayo.
Ama-Flotation Reagents Ekucutshungulweni Kwamaminerali
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Ukumba ama-frother kudlala indima ehluke kakhulu kodwa ebaluleke ngokulinganayo. Amazinga awo athinta ngqo ukuqina kwe-froth, usayizi webhamuza, kanye nomthamo wokuthwala. Ukuthatha i-frother ngokweqile kuholela ku-froth ezinzile kakhulu, engabamba i-gangue eyengeziwe, yehlise izinga lokugxila ngisho noma amazinga okuntanta enyuka. Ukuthatha i-froth engaphansi kwesilinganiso kuphazamisa ukuqina kwe-froth, okubangela ukuthi izinhlayiya ezibalulekile ezingabonakali emanzini ziphume esitokisini futhi zehlise ukululama.
Ukuqina kwe-froth, okuhlobene kakhulu nokwengezwa kwe-reagent kanye neziguquguquko zokusebenza, kuthinta nokudluliselwa kwesisindo ngaphakathi kwamaseli okuntanta. I-froth ezinzile ivumela ukunamatheliswa okufanele kwama-bubbles emoyeni ezinhlayiyeni zamaminerali, okwenza kube lula ukudluliselwa okuphumelelayo emfudlaneni ogxilile. Izimo ze-froth eziphazamisekile, ngenxa yokulinganisa okungekuhle, ziphazamisa le nqubo, zithinta amayunithi okugeleza kwesisindo somkhiqizo otholiwe.
Ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kokuntanta kuncike ekulungisweni okusheshayo nokunembile komthamo we-reagent—ikakhulukazi ekuphenduleni izimo ze-ore eziguquguqukayo. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kunegalelo ekwenzeni ngcono umthamo we-reagent, kunciphisa amathuba okuchitheka kwe-reagent okubizayo kanye namasu okusekela amazinga aphezulu okubuyisa insimbi.
Izinguquko Eziyinhloko Ezithinta Inqubo Yokuntanta
I-Flotation reagent dynamics ivumelana nezimo eziningana. I-Ore mineralogy, ikakhulukazi ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ithonya kakhulu indlela ama-reagent asebenzisana ngayo ne-slurry. Izinhlayiyana ezincane zidinga ukulungiswa kwezinhlobo zama-reagent kanye namazinga okuphakelayo, njengoba zinikeza indawo engaphezulu yokumuncwa futhi zingashintsha ngokushesha izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo elidlula kuseli le-flotation. Uma idivayisi yokulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo ibonisa izinguquko ezinkulu, izinguquko ezihambisanayo zokwengeza ama-reagent zivame ukulandela ukugcina ukukhetha okudingekayo kanye nokululama.
I-pH ye-pulp iyisilawuli samakhemikhali esiyinhloko; ithinta kokubili umsebenzi wokuqoqa kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-frother. Isibonelo, ukukala kwe-xanthate eku-flotation kuba yinto ebalulekile emazingeni ahlukene e-pH, ngezimo ze-acidic ezithuthukisa ukumuncwa kwamaminerali e-sulfide ngenkathi kunciphisa umsebenzi kuma-silicates angafuneki. Lapho i-pH isuka ekuhlosweni, ngisho noma kancane, i-chemistry yobuso bamaminerali kanye ne-flotation kinetics ingashintsha, ifune ukulungiswa kabusha kwe-reagent ngokucophelela.
Umoya ogelezayo ogelezayo uxhumana eduze nomthamo we-frother kanye ne-collector. Ukugeleza komoya okwandisiwe kuthuthukisa ukusabalala kwama-bubble kodwa kungadinga ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-frother ukuze kulondolozwe isakhiwo se-froth. Uma umoya ukhuphuka ngaphandle kokulungiswa, ukuwohloka kwe-froth okuguquguqukayo noma ukufakwa kwe-gangue okungafuneki ku-concentrate kuvame ukwenzeka.
Amapharamitha okusebenza—isivinini se-impeller, isikhathi sokuhlala kweseli, kanye nobuningi be-pulp—izidingo ezengeziwe ze-reagent yokwakheka. Isivinini esisheshayo se-impeller singaphula amabhamuza ngaphambi kwesikhathi, siqhubekisele phambili isidingo esisheshayo. Izinguquko kubuningi be-pulp noma i-slurry viscosity, okungenzeka ilinganiswe ngemishini efana ne-inline density meter evela eLonnmeter, zishintsha amazinga okusebenzisana phakathi kwama-reagent nezinhlayiya zamaminerali, okuthonya kakhulu ukukala okungcono kakhulu. Lezi ziguquguquko zibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono izinga lokubuyiselwa kwensimbi ekumbeni, njengoba ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kokudla kwe-reagent kungalungisa ngokushesha ukuphambuka kwenqubo futhi kuthuthukise isivuno sensimbi ngokuntanta.
Ngamafuphi, ukukala okunembile kwe-flotation reagent kuyisenzo sokulinganisela esiqhubekayo esincike ezicini ze-ore, imingcele yokusebenza, kanye nempendulo yemishini. Kuphela ngokucabangela isici ngasinye esithonyayo—izinhlobo zokuqoqa kanye ne-frother, amazinga okulinganisa, ukuqapha izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo, ukulawulwa kwe-pH, kanye nokuphefumula—lapho isitshalo sokucubungula amaminerali singathuthukisa khona ukukhetha, ukubuyisa, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukubaluleka Kokulinganisa Ukugeleza Kwesisindo Okuqhubekayo Nokunemba
Izimiso kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo
Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo nokunembile kwesilinganiso sokugeleza kwesisindo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukulinganisa kwama-reagent ezitshalweni zokucubungula amaminerali. Ezisekweni zokuntanta, ukulethwa okunembile nokuqapha ama-reagent—njenge-xanthate kanye nabaqoqi be-dithiophosphate—kuthonya ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko zama-reagent, kanye nokukhiqiza kwensimbi iyonke.
Amamitha okugeleza kobuningi beCoriolis asetshenziswa njengedivayisi yokulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kobuningi. Lawa mathuluzi asebenza ngokubangela ukudlidliza kumashubhu ezinzwa; njengoba i-reagent idlula, ukugeleza kobuningi kudala ushintsho lwesigaba ekudlidlizeni okulingana nezinga langempela lokugeleza kobuningi. Lo mgomo wokulinganisa uvumela amamitha eCoriolis ukuthi abambe ngokuthembekile hhayi nje izinga lokugeleza kuphela kodwa futhi nezakhiwo ezibalulekile zomzimba ezifana nobuningi kanye ne-viscosity—ngisho nokubuyisela ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa noma uketshezi lwenqubo. Ukunemba kwawo kufinyelela njalo ephutheni elingu-0.05% ngaphansi kwemikhuba efanele yokufaka nokulinganisa, okwenza kube yidivayisi ekhethwayo yokukala izinga lokugeleza kobuningi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula i-reagent zesikhathi sangempela.
Amayunithi okukala ukugeleza kwesisindo asetshenziswa kakhulu ekulinganisweni kwe-reagent ye-flotation afaka amakhilogremu ngehora (kg/h), amathani ngehora (t/h), futhi, kwezinye izimo, amagremu ngomzuzwana (g/s). Ukukhethwa kwamayunithi kuncike esikalini sokusebenza kanye nobuningi bokulawula obufunwayo ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-reagent. Ukusebenzisa amayunithi okugeleza kwesisindo afanele kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiswa komthamo kuhumushela ekuthuthukisweni okubonakalayo kokubili kumasu okunciphisa izindleko ze-reagent kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lokubuyisa insimbi.
Ukubaluleka kokulinganisa okunesinqumo esiphezulu nesikhathi sangempela kulele ekhonweni layo lokunikeza impendulo ngokushesha. Ngokubona ukuphambuka emazingeni okugeleza kobuningi okuqondiwe, abaqhubi bangangenelela ngokushesha, bavimbele iziqephu zokusetshenziswa kwemithamo enganele (ukunciphisa amazinga okutakula) noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithamo ngokweqile (ukwandisa izindleko ze-reagent kanye nokubeka engcupheni ukungazinzi kwenqubo).
Ukuhlanganiswa Kobuchwepheshe Bezinzwa Bokulawula Ukulinganisa Ama-Reagent
Izinzwa kanye nabahlaziyi be-inthanethi—kufaka phakathi amamitha okuqina angaphakathi kanye ne-viscosity yiLonnmeter—abekwe ngendlela efanele kuwo wonke amapayipi okulethwa kwe-reagent kanye nasezindaweni zokulinganisa kusekethe yokuntanta. Lokhu kubekwa kubenza bakwazi ukuqoqa idatha engaphazanyiswa, yesikhathi sangempela ngezakhiwo kanye namazinga okugeleza kwe-reagent, okuletha umfudlana oqhubekayo wolwazi olusebenzayo lwabalawuli bezinqubo.
Amamitha okugeleza kobuningi be-Coriolis akha umgogodla walolu hlelo lokuqapha oluqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sabaqoqi (njenge-xanthate ne-dithiophosphate) kanye nokumba ama-frother. Ukulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kobuningi okunembile kakhulu kunikeza opharetha ulwazi oluthembekile lokulinganisa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zenqubo ziyashintsha—ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukushintsha kwe-viscosity, noma ukuhlukahluka kokwakheka kwe-slurry.
Ama-feedback loops ayisihluthulelo sempumelelo yalolu hlelo: Idatha evela kuzinzwa eziku-inthanethi iqhuba izilawuli zokulinganisa ezenzakalelayo ezilungisa ngokuguquguqukayo ukulethwa kwe-reagent. Isibonelo, uma ukugeleza kobuningi kwehla ngenxa yokuvinjelwa noma ukushintsha kwe-viscosity, izindlela zokuphendula zingalungisa ngokushesha izinga lokulinganisa, ziqinisekise ukuthi amazinga okubuyisa insimbi ahlala emazingeni aqondiwe futhi ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko ze-reagent kuyagcinwa. Leli khono lokulungisa bukhoma libaluleke kakhulu lapho ukulungiswa komthamo we-reagent kungasho umehluko phakathi kwemikhiqizo yensimbi engaphansi kanye nengcono kakhulu.
Amanethiwekhi ezinzwa ahlanganisiwe, asekelwe amamitha okugeleza kobuningi futhi ahambisana nezinzwa zobuningi kanye ne-viscosity, avumela imiphumela yokulinganisa eqhubekayo lapho kubhekene nokuguquguquka kwenqubo. Abasebenzi bayazuza ekuxwayisweni kusenesikhathi kwezimo ezingavamile—ukwanda kokugeleza, ukwehla kobuningi, noma ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwe-reagent—okuvumela ukungenelela okusheshayo nokunciphisa ingozi yokuhlukaniswa okulimele noma ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-reagent.
Ekugcineni, ukunemba okuthuthukisiwe kokulinganisa kanye nempendulo yokulawula ezenzakalelayo kuhumushela ekunciphiseni ukumosheka kwamakhemikhali, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi okuthuthukisiwe ngokuntanta, kanye nokonga okukhulu kwezindleko zokusebenza—izinhloso eziyinhloko kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lokuthuthukisa umthamo we-reagent.
Amasu Okuthuthukisa Ukulinganisa Kwe-Flotation Reagent
Ukuzenzakalela kanye nokuHlela Kude kwezinhlelo Zokulinganisa
Izinhlelo zokulinganisa i-flotation reagent ezizenzakalelayo zivumela izitshalo zokucubungula amaminerali ukuthi zivumelane ngokushesha nezinguquko ekudleni kwe-ore kanye nokuguquguquka kwenqubo. Ukulawulwa kwe-closed-loop, okuqhutshwa ukulinganisa kwenqubo yesikhathi sangempela, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulinganisa i-reagent kuqhubeka nokuphendula ezimweni zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, amadivayisi okulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo esingaphakathi—njengamamitha obuningi kanye ne-viscosity akhiqizwe yi-Lonnmeter—anikeza idatha ebalulekile kubalawuli bokulinganisa. Lokhu kusabela kuvala i-loop phakathi kwezakhiwo ze-slurry ezilinganisiwe kanye namazinga okwengeza i-reagent, okuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo ihlala iqondiwe naphezu kokushintshashintsha.
Ukulinganisa okufanele kanye nokuqinisekiswa okuvamile kwala madivayisi kubalulekile. Uma amayunithi okugeleza kwesisindo okulinganisa noma amazinga okulinganisa eshintshashintsha, izinhlelo zokulawula zingase zingabi zilungile, okuholela ekulinganisweni ngokweqile noma ekulinganisweni okungaphansi. Izinqubo zokulinganisa ezihleliwe kanye nokuhlola okuphambene namasampula esandla kuvikela lokhu kungasebenzi kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina irekhodi ledatha eliqhubekayo kuqinisa imizamo yokuhlola kanye nokuthuthukisa izinqubo. Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kokulawula okuvaliwe, okusekelwa idatha yedivayisi ethembekile, kuye kwabonakala kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-20 futhi kuthuthukiseukutakula insimbiamazinga ngamaphesenti amaningana, okuthonya kakhulu kokubili ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokukhiqizwa kwensimbi kumasekethe okuntanta.
Izimpawu Zokuxilonga Zokunqunywa Okungafanele Kwe-Reagent
Umthamo we-flotation reagent kumele ulinganiswe kahle. Izinkomba ezibonakalayo zivame ukunikeza isibonakaliso sokuqala sezinkinga zomthamo. Izimpawu ezivamile zomthamo ongaphansi komthamo zifaka phakathi ukuphakama okuphansi kwekholomu ye-froth, amabhamuza amakhulu e-froth anokuthwala amaminerali okungekuhle, kanye nesakhiwo se-froth esibuthakathaka noma esingazinzile ebusweni beseli. Ukuqashelwa kokuhlaziya—njengokunciphisa ukudonsa kwesisindo, amazinga aphansi ensimbi, kanye nokwehla kokululama—kuphinde kusikisele ukuthi kufakwe umqoqi noma i-frother enganele.
Umthamo oweqile ubonakala ngendlela ehlukile. Ukwengezwa ngokweqile kwe-froth kungaholela ezingqimbeni ezikhukhumele, ezijiyile ze-froth, amabhamuza amancane, kanye ne-froth ehlala izinzile kakhulu ephazamisa ukususwa kwe-concentrate. Umthamo oweqile wabaqoqi kungabangela ukwanda kokufakwa kwamaminerali e-gangue, kunciphisa izinga lokugxila. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezinkomba ezibalulekile njengokuphakama kwekholomu ye-froth, usayizi webhamuza, kanye nokuqina kwe-flotation kunikeza ukuqonda okusebenzayo. Izinzwa eziqondile kanyeamamitha okuminyana/okunobuthi, uma kuhlanganiswa nokuqinisekiswa kwedatha okuqinile, siza ukumaka lezi zinkinga kusenesikhathi, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi balungise amazinga okulinganisa ngaphambi kokuba ukusebenza kwenqubo kuphazamiseke.
Isiqondiso Esiwusizo Somqoqi Nokwengeza I-Frother
Amasu okulinganisa asebenzayo abaqoqi kanye nama-frother ancike ekusetshenzisweni kwesigaba kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ukuze kulinganiswe i-xanthate lapho i-flotation igeleza, ukusatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izigaba eziqinile nezihlanzekile kubalulekile, lapho amazinga aphezulu okuqala encipha abe yimithamo ehlungiwe, ephansi ezansi komfula. Ukusetshenziswa komqoqi we-dithiophosphate kuvame ukuhambisana nama-xanthate, ngokulungiswa ngokucophelela ngokuya ngezici ze-sulfide mineral target kanye ne-ore.
Ukukhethwa kwama-frother okumba kumele kubonise kokubili ukwakheka kwesekethe kanye nohlobo lwe-ore. Imithamo ye-frother eqondene nesigaba ingalungiswa ukuze ilawule usayizi webhamuza kanye nokuqina kwama-froth, isekele ukubuyiselwa kwamaminerali okukhethayo. Ukulungiswa kwangempela kudinga ukulungiswa kahle kwezingxube ze-reagent—hhayi ukulandela nje izindlela zokupheka ezibekiwe. Abasebenzi kumele bahlaziye njalo ukuguquguquka kokudla kanye nezitayela zokubuyisa ukuze balungise amazinga okwengeza. Amadivayisi okulinganisa ukugeleza kwesisindo okuqondile, njengalawo anikezwe yi-Lonnmeter, angasetshenziswa ukunquma izakhiwo eziqondile ze-slurry zesigaba ngasinye, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulinganisa kufana kokubili nokukhishwa kanye nesidingo senqubo.
Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagent, okuwukugxila okuyinhloko ekunciphiseni izindleko ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali, kuncike kulezi zindlela zokuphendula ezisebenzayo kanye nokulungisa. Ukulinganisa okwenziwe kahle kuqhuba amazinga aphezulu okubuyisa insimbi futhi kuthuthukisa isivuno sokuntanta ngaphandle kokukhulisa izindleko zamakhemikhali, okuzuzisa kokubili ezomnotho zezitshalo kanye nokusimama.
Ukufeza Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko Nokukhulisa Ukubuyiswa Kwensimbi
Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Reagent Ngesikhathi Kugcinwa Ukusebenza
Ukulinganisa okunembile kwe-reagent kubalulekile ekulawuleni izindleko ezimbonini zokucubungula amaminerali. Amasu okulawula okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent agxile ekusebenziseni amadivayisi okulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo ezenzakalelayo njengemitha yobuningi engaphakathi, enikeza impendulo esheshayo nethembekile ezimweni ze-slurry. Ngokuhlanganisa ngokuqondile inani le-xanthate, abaqoqi be-dithiophosphate, kanye nama-frother okumbiwa angeziwe kumayunithi okugeleza kwesisindo ngesikhathi sangempela, izitshalo zinciphisa ukulinganisa ngokweqile kanye namakhemikhali alahlekile ngenkathi zivikela ukusebenza kokubuyisa.
Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa idivayisi ukukala izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo elihlanganiswe nokuhlaziywa kwenqubo yesikhathi sangempela kwenza ukulungiswa okusheshayo lapho izitayela zedatha zibonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kokulinganisa. Ukulawula okuqinile kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali jikelele, kunciphisa imvamisa yokuthengwa kwama-reagent, futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokugcina nokuphatha. Amapulatifomu okuhlaziya aqopha idatha yokulinganisa njalo asiza abaqhubi ukuthi babone ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nokuchitha isikhathi eside, evula amathuba amasu okunciphisa izindleko zama-reagent kanye nemikhawulo yenzuzo ethuthukisiwe. Lokhu kulungiswa okusekelwa idatha akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zama-reagent kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthwalo wemvelo wokukhishwa ngokweqile.
Ukuthuthukisa Amanani Okululama Ngokulawula Ukulinganisa Okunembile
Umthamo we-reagent olungiselelwe kahle ekuntanteni uncike ekulinganiseni okufakwayo kwamakhemikhali ngokunembile nokugeleza kwesisindo se-ore. Ukulinganisa okuqondile kanye nokulawulwa kwamayunithi okugeleza kwesisindo okulinganisa kuvimbela ukulinganisa okungaguquki okuvame ukubangelwa ukulungiswa ngesandla. Izitshalo ezisebenzisa ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngamamitha okujiya kanye ne-viscosity, njengalezo ezikhiqizwe yi-Lonnmeter, zondla le datha yesikhathi sangempela ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa, ziqinisekisa ukwengeza kwe-reagent okuzinzile nokusebenzayo.
Lokhu kuqina kuholela ekuzuzeni okulinganiselwe. Isibonelo, ezivivinyweni lapho ukudonswa komthamo olawulwayo wokugeleza kwesisindo okuhlanganisiwe kwathatha indawo yezindlela ezenziwe ngesandla, izitshalo zaqopha amazinga okubuyisa agxilile afinyelela ku-1.5% aphezulu, kanye nokwehla okuphawulekayo ekulahlekelweni kwe-tailings. Indawo yokuhlola ibike ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe ekuthuthukisweni kwesilinganiso sokubuyisa insimbi ezimayini ngokuvumelanisa umthamo wokuqoqa nezinguquko ezilinganisiwe ekugelezeni kwesisindo se-slurry kanye nokwakheka—ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuguquguquka kokudla. Ukuzinza kwenqubo okunjalo ngokulinganisa okuqhubekayo kuholela ekuvuneni okuphezulu nokubikezelekayo kwamaminerali, okusekela kokubili umnotho wezitshalo othuthukisiwe kanye nokusimama kokusebenza.
Isibonelo sesibonelo okuxoxwe ngaso ezincwadini zakamuva sibonise ukuthi ukwenziwa ngcono komthamo we-xanthate eku-flotation, lapho impendulo ithathwe khona ekufundweni kokugeleza kobuningi, kwaholela ekunciphiseni okungu-17% kokusetshenziswa kwe-reagent ngethani eligayiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinga okubuyisa insimbi akhuphukile—okubonisa inzuzo ephindwe kabili yokwenza ngcono umthamo we-reagent kanye namasu okuthola amazinga aphezulu okubuyisa insimbi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwenqubo okuqhubekayo kuhlanganiswe nezinsimbi ezithuthukisiwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kokulinganisa i-reagent kanye nokuphakelwa kwe-ore kuhlala kuqinile. Umphumela wokugcina uwushintsho oluncane ekusebenzeni kahle kwezindleko ze-reagent ye-flotation, ukwehla kokuguquguquka kokusebenza, kanye nokuthuthuka okusimeme ekuthuthukisweni kwesivuno sensimbi ngokuflotha.
Izitshalo ezifuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent okwengeziwe zingasebenzisa ukulungiswa okusekelwe kwedatha ngezikhathi zamazinga aphansi okuphakelayo noma i-mineralogy eshintshiwe, zigcine umkhiqizo oqhubekayo kungakhathaliseki ukushintshashintsha kokufakwayo. Le ndlela yokwenza iphakathi kwezindlela ezinconywayo zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent ezimayini ngaphandle kokufaka engcupheni yokulahlekelwa ukubuyiselwa, okubonisa izinzuzo eziqinisekisiwe zobuningi kanye nezomnotho kokubili esikalini sokuhlola kanye nesezimboni.
Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kobuchwepheshe Bokulinganisa, Ukubuyiselwa Kwemali, kanye Nenzuzo Yezitshalo
Ukufakwa kwe-reagent ye-flotation okulungiselelwe kahle ezitshalweni zokucubungula amaminerali kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwenqubo, kuthonya kokubili ukubuyiselwa kanye nenzuzo. Ukunemba kokwengeza i-reagent—okwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka ngamadivayisi okulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo athuthukile njengemitha yobuningi obungaphakathi—kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzisaneni okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwemiphumela yokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho.
Umthamo othuthukisiwe uhlotshaniswa ngokuyisisekelo nokubuyiselwa kwe-flotation. Ukufakwa kwe-xanthate okuqhubekayo ekufakweni kwe-flotation kanye nokusetshenziswa okunembile kweqoqo le-dithiophosphate kuvumela ukunamathiswa okuqinile kwe-bubble-particle kanye nokukhetha. Lapho izitshalo zisebenzisa amadivayisi okulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo okuthembekile, zithola ukulawula okuqinile kokufakwa kwe-reagent maqondana nokugeleza kwe-slurry noma kwe-pulp, zigcina izimo zamakhemikhali zisezingeni lazo elifanele. Lokhu kugcina amazinga aphezulu okubuyiselwa kwensimbi futhi kuvimbela ukuguquguquka okubizayo ebangeni lokugxila. Isibonelo, izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukushintsha kusuka ekufakweni kwe-reagent ngesandla kuya ezinhlelweni ezizenzakalelayo ezinolwazi lokugeleza kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nedatha yobuningi kungandisa ukubuyiselwa ngamaphuzu angu-1-3 wamaphesenti ngenkathi kugcinwa amaminerali e-gangue angafuneki ngaphandle komthombo womkhiqizo.
Izinzuzo zokusebenza kwezomnotho zibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukulinganisa i-flotation reagent okusekelwe yi-real-time mass flow units of measurement kunciphisa ngqo ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-reagent—inselele engapheli ezinhlelweni ezindala. Njengoba ama-reagent emele ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zokusebenza zesitshalo, ukunciphisa umthamo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kuveza ukonga kwezindleko ngokushesha.
Ukuzinza kwenqubo—okubalulekile ukuze kube nenzuzo eqhubekayo—kukhuliswa kakhulu lapho ukulungiswa komthamo kuhlotshaniswa nempendulo eguquguqukayo evela kumadivayisi okugeleza ngobuningi kanye nobuningi. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zibona ngokushesha ukukhuphuka kokugeleza, ukushintsha kobuningi, noma ukuvinjelwa, okuvumela abaqhubi ukuthi balungise ukuphambuka ngaphambi kokuba kukhuphuke kube ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwenqubo noma ukulahlekelwa ukululama. Ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo kwe-reagent kusekela ukugeleza okuphezulu ngokunciphisa ingozi yomkhiqizo ongekho ku-spec, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo sisebenza ngokuphephile eduze kwamandla aso okuklama.
Ukukhetha amasu nokwenza ngcono ama-frothers okumba, abaqoqi, kanye nabaguquli kuba lula kakhulu ngedatha yokugeleza kwesisindo okuthembekile kanye nobuningi. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kwamadivayisi angaphakathi akusekeli nje kuphela ukulungiswa komthamo we-reagent kanye namasu okunciphisa izindleko kodwa futhi nezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent ekumbeni ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isivuno sensimbi.
Amasu okulinganisa ahlelekile, asekelwe ekulinganisweni okunembile kwesikhathi sangempela, adala isisekelo esizinzile semisebenzi eqhubekayo. Izitshalo zithola ukuthuthukiswa kwesilinganiso sokubuyiselwa kwensimbi ekumbeni lapho ukulinganisa kusabela ezidingweni zangempela zenqubo—hhayi ezilungiselelweni zokuhlola namaphutha zomlando. Ngenxa yalokho, ukulinganiswa kokugeleza kwesisindo okuthuthukisiwe ngamamitha e-Lonnmeter angaphakathi kobuningi kanye ne-viscosity ahlinzeka ngobuqotho bedatha eyisisekelo yokusebenza kahle kwezindleko ze-reagent yesikhathi eside kanye nokwenyuka kwesivuno sensimbi ngokugeleza.
Izifundo zamacala ezibuyekezwe ontanga ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana kobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ngamakhono okulinganisa anembile kusekela ngqo amasu okuthola amazinga aphezulu okubuyisa insimbi kanye nokuthuthukiswa okubonakalayo enzuzweni yezitshalo, okuqinisekisa indima yayo njengomkhuba omuhle kakhulu wokucubungula amaminerali wanamuhla.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Iyini idivayisi yokulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo, futhi kungani ibalulekile ekulinganisweni kwe-flotation reagent?
Idivayisi yokulinganisa izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo ilinganisa inani le-reagent noma i-slurry elethwa esitshalweni sokucubungula amaminerali. Lawa madivayisi ahlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela, evumela ukulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo kokulinganisa kwe-reagent ye-flotation. Ukulinganisa okunembile nokuqhubekayo kubalulekile ekulinganisweni kwe-xanthate okuphumelelayo ekulinganisweni kwe-flotation, ukusetshenziswa okuqondile komqoqi we-dithiophosphate, kanye nokukhethwa okuhle kwama-frothers okumbiwa. Lokhu kunemba kukhulisa amazinga okubuyisa insimbi futhi kugcina izindleko ze-reagent nezokusebenza zilawulwa. Lapho ukulinganisa kwehla, ngisho nokuqoqwa okunganele noma ukuvuza ngokweqile kungenzeka, okulimaza kokubili ukubuyisa kanye nokuqina kwesekethe. Ukuqapha ukugeleza kwesisindo okuzenzakalelayo kusekela ukwenziwa ngcono kwesilinganiso se-reagent, kuthinta ngqo ukwenziwa ngcono kwesilinganiso sokubuyisa insimbi ekumbeni.
Yimaphi amayunithi okukala ukugeleza kobuningi avame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokucubungula amaminerali?
Amayunithi okugeleza kwesisindo ajwayelekile okulinganisa afaka amakhilogremu ngehora (kg/h), amathani ngehora (t/h), kanye namagremu ngomzuzwana (g/s). Iyunithi ekhethiwe incike esilinganisweni sokulethwa kwe-reagent kanye nesilinganiso sesitshalo. Isibonelo, abaqoqi abakhulu abanjengo-xanthate banikezwa imithamo ngama-kg/h ekujuleni kwezinsimbi eziyisisekelo, kuyilapho ama-frothers okumba okukhethekile angalethwa ngama-g/s lapho kudingeka khona isinqumo esihle. Amayunithi okulinganisa afanayo kuzo zonke izikrini zokulinganisa aqinisekisa ukuhambisana kokulandelela ukusetshenziswa kwe-reagent futhi asize opharetha ukuthi baqhathanise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-reagent ahlukahlukene okujula.
Uyikhetha kanjani idivayisi ethembekile yokukala izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo sokulinganisa i-reagent ye-flotation?
Ukukhethwa kwedivayisi efanele ukukala izinga lokugeleza kwesisindo kuncike ezindinganisweni eziningana zenqubo. Kuma-reagents e-viscosity angaphansi kuya kwaphakathi, amamitha okugeleza kagesi asetshenziswa kabanzi. Alinganisa ngokuthembekile ukugeleza emigqeni ephatha uketshezi oluqothulayo nolugcwele udaka futhi ahlanganiswe kalula nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuze kulungiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Amamitha okugeleza e-Coriolis ayathandwa ngenxa yokunemba kwawo kokulinganisa okuphezulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zoketshezi kanye nobuningi, elinganisa ngqo ukugeleza kwesisindo. Lokhu kuwenza afaneleke kahle kuma-reagents anenani eliphezulu noma abalulekile enqubweni. Kodwa-ke, adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kanye nokugcinwa. Amamitha okufuduka amahle adlula kahle ngama-reagents aqinile, akhethekile, anikeza ukunemba okuphezulu ngamanani okugeleza aphansi. Ukukhetha kumele futhi kucabangele ukuhambisana nezindlela zokuhlanza, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokulinganisa ezinezidingo zokuhlanza endaweni noma ukushintshashintsha njalo kwama-reagent. Amadivayisi kufanele abe namandla okusingatha ukwakheka kwezikali, ukugqwala, kanye nemijikelezo yokulungisa ejwayelekile evame kakhulu esitshalweni sokucubungula amaminerali.
Kungani ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukala i-flotation reagent kubalulekile ezitshalweni zanamuhla zokucubungula amaminerali?
Ukuzenzakalela kokulinganisa i-flotation reagent kufeza ukwengezwa okuqhubekayo nokunembile kwabaqoqi kanye nama-frothers ekuphenduleni impendulo yenqubo yesikhathi sangempela. Amazinga okuphakelwa ashintshashintshayo noma izinguquko ezicini ze-slurry ziyakhokhelwa ngokushesha, okuthuthukisa kokubili ukuzinza kwenqubo kanye namazinga okutakula. Amapulatifomu okulinganisa azenzakalelayo, asebenzisa ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela oluvela kumadivayisi okulinganisa ukugeleza, anciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-reagent kanye nokusetshenziswa okungaphansi—izinto ezimbili ezihamba phambili ekungasebenzi kahle. Lolu shintsho lususa amaphutha abantu akhona ekulinganisweni ngesandla futhi luvumelanise ukulethwa kwamakhemikhali kwangempela ne-mineralogy eshintshayo, lunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza ngenkathi luthuthukisa amazinga okubuyisa insimbi ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali. Izifundo zamacala ezibuyekezwe ontanga zibonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganisa ukuqapha ukugeleza okuthuthukisiwe kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwe-reagent ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-10 futhi kuletha ukukhushulwa okulinganiselwe ekuvuneni kokugxila.
Yimaphi amasu asiza ekunciphiseni izindleko ze-reagent ngaphandle kokudela amazinga aphezulu okubuyisa insimbi?
Ukuqapha ukugeleza kobuningi okuqhubekayo, kuhlanganiswe nokuzisebenzela okuzenzakalelayo okuvaliwe, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ye-slurry ithola inani elifanele kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-reagent. Ukulinganisa ngesigaba, lapho ama-reagent engezwa khona ezigabeni eziningana zokuntanta kunokuba konke kube kanye, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile futhi kuphendula ezidingweni eziguqukayo kulo lonke isekethe. Ukuqoqwa kwabaqoqi, isibonelo, ukushintshanisa i-xanthate ne-dithiophosphate, kuvumela ukuqondiswa okungabizi kwamaminerali athile futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okuphelele. Ukulinganiswa okuvamile kwamadivayisi okulinganisa kuvikela ukuthembeka kokulinganisa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindlela zokulinganisa zihlala zihambisana nezimo zenqubo. Ndawonye, lezi zindlela zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagent ezimayini ziletha ukuthuthukiswa kwesivuno sensimbi okuqhubekayo kanye namasu okunciphisa izindleko ze-reagent ebonakalayo, njengoba kuqinisekiswe yimibiko yocwaningo lwezemfundo kanye nemboni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-25-2025
