Ukuntantaku-Benefication
Ukuntanta kukhulisa inani lama-ore ngokuhlukanisa ngobuhlakani amaminerali abalulekile kumaminerali e-gangue ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali ngokusebenzisa umehluko ongokwenyama nowamakhemikhali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubhekene nezinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous, izinsimbi ze-ferrous, noma amaminerali angezona i-metallic, ukuntanta kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
1. Izindlela Zokuntanta
(1) Ukuntanta Okuqondile
Ukuntanta okuqondile kubhekisela ekuhlungeni amaminerali abalulekile avela ku-slurry ngokuwavumela ukuthi anamathele kuma-bubble omoya futhi antante phezulu, kuyilapho amaminerali e-gangue ehlala ku-slurry. Le ndlela ibalulekile ekuzuzeni izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous. Isibonelo, ukucubungula i-ore kufinyelela esigabeni sokuntanta ngemva kokuchotshozwa nokugaywa ekucutshungulweni kwe-ore yethusi, lapho abaqoqi be-anionic abathile bethulwa khona ukuze bashintshe ukuthambekela kokungena kwamanzi futhi bawashiye ukuthi amunce phezu kwamaminerali ethusi. Bese izinhlayiya zethusi ezithinta amanzi zinamathela kuma-bubble omoya bese ziphakama, zakha ungqimba lwe-froth olunethusi elicebile. Leli froth liqoqwa ekugxilweni kokuqala kwamaminerali ethusi, okusebenza njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zezinga eliphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe okwengeziwe.
(2) Ukuntanta Okubuyela Emuva
Ukuntanta okuphambene kuhilela ukuntanta amaminerali e-gangue kuyilapho amaminerali abalulekile ehlala edakeni. Isibonelo, ekucubungulweni kwe-iron ore ngokungcola kwe-quartz, kusetshenziswa abaqoqi be-anionic noma be-cationic ukushintsha indawo yamakhemikhali yedakeni. Lokhu kushintsha isimo se-quartz esifana ne-hydrophilic sibe yi-hydrophobic, okuvumela ukuthi inamathele kuma-bubbles omoya futhi intante.
(3) Ukuntanta Okuthandwayo
Uma amatshe aqukethe izingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu eziyigugu, ukuntanta okukhethekile kuyawahlukanisa ngokulandelana ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana nomsebenzi wamaminerali kanye nenani lezomnotho. Le nqubo yokuntanta isinyathelo ngesinyathelo iqinisekisa ukuthi amaminerali ayigugu ngalinye atholakala ngobumsulwa obuphezulu kanye namazinga okubuyisa, okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.
(4) Ukuntanta Okukhulu
Ukuntanta ngobuningi kuphatha amaminerali amaningi ayigugu ewonke, kuwantanta ndawonye ukuze kutholakale ukugxila okuxubile, kulandelwe ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo. Isibonelo, ekuzuzeni i-copper-nickel ore, lapho amaminerali ethusi ne-nickel ehlobene khona eduze, ukuntanta ngobuningi kusetshenziswa ama-reagent afana ne-xanthates noma ama-thiol kuvumela ukuntanta ngasikhathi sinye kwamaminerali ethusi ne-nickel e-sulfide, kwakha ukugxila okuxubile. Izinqubo ezilandelayo zokuhlukanisa eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengokusebenzisa ama-reagent e-lime ne-cyanide, zihlukanisa ukugxila kwethusi ne-nickel okuhlanzekile okuphezulu. Le ndlela "yokuqoqa kuqala, ehlukene kamuva" inciphisa ukulahleka kwamaminerali ayigugu ezigabeni zokuqala futhi ithuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okubuyiselwa ajwayelekile ezinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi.
2. Izinqubo Zokuntanta: Ukunemba Kwesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo
(1) Inqubo Yokuntanta Esigabeni: Ukucwengisiswa Okwandayo
Ekuntanteni, ukuntanteni kwesigaba kuqondisa ukucutshungulwa kwama-ore ayinkimbinkimbi ngokuhlukanisa inqubo yokuntanteni ibe yizigaba eziningi.
Isibonelo, enqubweni yokuntanta enezigaba ezimbili, i-ore igaywa kanzima, ikhulule kancane amaminerali abalulekile. Isigaba sokuqala sokuntanta sibuyisa la maminerali akhululiwe njengama-concentrate okuqala. Izinhlayiya ezisele ezingakhululwanga ziqhubekela esigabeni sesibili sokugaya ukuze kuncishiswe usayizi, kulandelwe isigaba sesibili sokuntanta. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaminerali abalulekile asele ahlukaniswe kahle futhi ahlanganiswe nama-concentrate esigaba sokuqala. Le ndlela ivimbela ukugaya ngokweqile esigabeni sokuqala, inciphisa imfucuza yezinsiza, futhi ithuthukise ukunemba kokuntanta.
Kuma-ore ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengalawo aqukethe izinsimbi eziningi ezingavamile ezinezakhiwo zekristalu eziboshwe ngokuqinile, inqubo yokuntanta enezigaba ezintathu ingasetshenziswa. Izinyathelo zokugaya nokushintshana kokuntanta zivumela ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi iminerali ngayinye eyigugu ikhishwa ngobumsulwa obukhulu kanye nesivinini sokululama, okubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo.
3. Izici Eziyinhloko Ekukhuphukeni Kwezinga Lomoya
(1) Inani le-pH: Ibhalansi Ecashile Ye-Slurry Acidity
Inani le-pH le-slurry lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuntanteni, lithonya kakhulu izakhiwo zomphezulu wamaminerali kanye nokusebenza kwe-reagent. Lapho i-pH ingaphezu kwephuzu le-isoelectric le-mineral, umphezulu uba ne-negative charge; ngaphansi kwawo, umphezulu ushajwa kahle. Lezi zinguquko ku-surface charge zilawula ukusebenzisana kwe-adsorption phakathi kwamaminerali nama-reagent, njengokukhanga noma ukuxosha omaginethi.
Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwezimo ze-acidic, amaminerali e-sulfide azuza emsebenzini othuthukisiwe wokuqoqa, okwenza kube lula ukubamba amaminerali e-sulfide aqondiwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimo ze-alkaline zenza kube lula ukuntanta kwamaminerali e-oxide ngokushintsha izakhiwo zawo ezingaphezulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhambisana kwe-reagent.
Amaminerali ahlukene adinga amazinga athile e-pH ukuze antante, okudinga ukulawulwa okuqondile. Isibonelo, ekuntanteni kwezingxube ze-quartz kanye ne-calcite, i-quartz ingantanta ngokuthanda ngokushintsha i-slurry pH ibe ngu-2-3 bese kusetshenziswa abaqoqi abasekelwe kuma-amine. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuntanta kwe-calcite kuyathandwa ezimweni ze-alkaline nabaqoqi abasekelwe kuma-fatty acid. Lokhu kulungiswa kwe-pH okuqondile kuyisihluthulelo sokufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwamaminerali okuphumelelayo.
(2) Uhlelo Lokwenza Ama-Reagent
Uhlelo lwe-reagent lulawula inqubo yokuntanta, oluhlanganisa ukukhethwa, umthamo, ukulungiswa, kanye nokwengezwa kwama-reagent. Ama-reagent anamathela ngokukhetha ezindaweni zamaminerali eziqondiwe, okushintsha ukungezwani kwawo namanzi.
Ama-frother aqinisa amabhamuza odakeni futhi enze kube lula ukuntanta kwezinhlayiya ezingabonakali emanzini. Ama-frother avamile afaka uwoyela wephayini kanye namafutha e-cresol, akha amabhamuza azinzile, anobukhulu obuhle bokunamathelisa izinhlayiya.
Iziguquli zivuselela noma zivimbele izakhiwo zamaminerali futhi zilungise izimo zamakhemikhali noma ze-electrochemical ze-slurry.
Umthamo we-reagent udinga ukunemba—amanani anganele anciphisa ukungezwani kwamanzi, anciphise amazinga okubuyisa, kuyilapho amanani amaningi e-reagent echithayo, andisa izindleko, futhi ehlisa ikhwalithi yokugxila. Amadivayisi ahlakaniphile anjenge-imitha yokuhlushwa eku-inthanethiingalawula ngokunembile imithamo ye-reagent.
Isikhathi kanye nendlela yokwengeza ama-reagent nakho kubalulekile. Ama-adjuster, ama-depressant, kanye nabanye abaqoqi bavame ukungezwa ngesikhathi sokugaya ukuze kulungiswe indawo yamakhemikhali ye-slurry kusenesikhathi. Abaqoqi kanye nama-frother ngokuvamile afakwa ethangini lokuqala lokuntanta ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwawo ngezikhathi ezibalulekile.
(3) Izinga Lomoya
Izinga lomoya lidala izimo ezifanele zokunamathelana kwamabhamuza amaminerali, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile ekuntanteni. Ukungena komoya okwanele kuholela emabhamuzeni ambalwa kakhulu, kunciphisa amathuba okushayisana kanye nokunamathela, ngaleyo ndlela kuphazamise ukusebenza kokuntanta. Ukungena komoya ongaphezu kwamandla kuholela ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu, okubangela ukuthi amabhamuza aphuke futhi akhiphe izinhlayiya ezinamathele, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.
Onjiniyela basebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokuqoqwa kwegesi noma ukulinganisa ukuhamba komoya okusekelwe ku-anemometer ukuze kulungiswe amazinga omoya. Ezinhlayiyeni eziqinile, ukwandisa umoya ukuze kukhiqizwe amabhamuza amakhulu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuntanta. Ezinhlayiyeni ezincane noma ezintanta kalula, ukulungiswa ngokucophelela kuqinisekisa ukuntanta okuzinzile nokuphumelelayo.
(4) Isikhathi Sokuntanta
Isikhathi sokuntanta siyibhalansi ebucayi phakathi kwebanga lokugxila kanye nezinga lokululama, okudinga ukulinganiswa okunembile. Ezigabeni zokuqala, amaminerali ayigugu anamathela ngokushesha kuma-bubbles, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu okululama kanye namazinga okugxila.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba amaminerali ayigugu kakhulu entanta, amaminerali e-gangue nawo angakhuphuka, okunciphisa ubumsulwa bokugxila. Kuma-ore alula anamaminerali aqinile futhi antanta kalula, izikhathi ezimfushane zokuntanta zanele, okuqinisekisa amazinga aphezulu okululama ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izinga lokugxila. Kuma-ore ayinkimbinkimbi noma aphikisayo, izikhathi ezinde zokuntanta ziyadingeka ukuze kuvunyelwe amaminerali aqinile isikhathi esanele sokusebenzisana nama-reagents nama-bubbles. Ukulungiswa okunamandla kwesikhathi sokuntanta kuyisici sobuchwepheshe bokuntanta obunembile nobusebenzayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-22-2025
