Ukulinganiswa kobukhulu kanye nokujiya kubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-asphalt eguquliwe yi-polymer: ukujiya kuqinisekisa ukuqina okufanele, amandla, kanye nokumelana nokugoba/umswakama, kuyilapho ukujiya kulawula ukumpompa, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokumelana nokuguquguquka. Ukulinganiswa kwangaphakathi kwesikhathi sangempela (isb., amamitha okujiya e-ultrasonic, amamitha okujiya) kuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, ukuhlangana, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwamapayipi, kuthuthukisa imithamo ye-polymer/eyengeziwe, futhi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulinganayo komgwaqo kanye nokuqina.
Ukuqonda Ukuguqulwa Kwe-Asphalt: Izimiso Nezisusa
Ukuguqulwa kwe-asphalt kubhekisela ekuthuthukisweni kwezihlanganisi ze-asphalt ezivamile ngokwengeza iziguquli zamakhemikhali noma zomzimba, ikakhulukazi ama-polymer. Le nqubo ibalulekile kubunjiniyela bezindlela zanamuhla, iphendula ngqo ezidingweni zokuqina okuthuthukisiwe, ukuqina, kanye nokusimama kwemigwaqo.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-Asphalt
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Ukuchaza Ukuguqulwa Kwe-Asphalt Nendima Yakho
Esimweni sayo esingashintshiwe, i-asphalt ivame ukuba nezinkinga ezifana nokugoba, ukuqhekeka kokushisa, kanye nokukhathala ngaphansi komthwalo ophindaphindwayo wethrafikhi kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezithasiselo ezikhethwe ngokucophelela kuguqula izakhiwo ze-binder ze-mechanical kanye ne-viscoelastic, okuhlinzeka ngokumelana okukhulu nokuguquguquka, ukuguga, kanye nokwehluleka okubangelwa yisimo sezulu. Ukuguqulwa kwe-polymer, ikakhulukazi, kube yitshe lesisekelo ekwandiseni impilo yokusebenza komgwaqo kanye nokusebenza, kuletha ukuthuthukiswa okubhaliwe ezindaweni zasensimini kanye nelebhu.
Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi imigwaqo emikhulu, imigwaqo yasemadolobheni, kanye nengqalasizinda esindayo kugcina ukulungiseka isikhathi eside, kunciphisa ukuvama kanye nezindleko zokulungisa. Imigwaqo ephumayo ihlonyiswe kangcono ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, okwenza amanethiwekhi asebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu neziguquguqukayo.
Ukuzinza Kwenqubo Nokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Ekukhiqizweni Kwe-Asphalt Eguquliwe Ye-Polymer
Ukuphatha ukuzinza kulo lonke ukukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt eguquliwe yi-polymer kudinga ukulawulwa okuseduze kweziguquguquko eziningana. Uhlobo lwe-polymer kanye nomthamo kumele kuhambisane ne-asphalt feedstock ngokuhlolwa kokuhambisana okuphelele, njengoba ngisho nokungalingani okuncane kubangela ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba noma ukungahambisani kwe-binder. Ukugxila okuhle kakhulu—okuvame ukutholakala ngokuhlolwa kokuhlola—kusiza ekufinyeleleni amaphuzu okuthambisa okuhlosiwe, amandla okudonsa, kanye nokuguquguquka, kuyilapho i-polymer eyengeziwe inganciphisa ukuguquguquka noma idale izinselele zokucubungula.
Izinga lokushisa libalulekile kumasu okuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer. Ukuxuba ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kuka-160°C no-185°C, kanye nokuphambuka okuholela ekuncibilikeni kwe-polymer okungekuhle noma ukuwohloka kokushisa. Izinga lokushisa elidlulele lingaphula ama-polymer, kunciphise ukusebenza kwe-binder ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa kuyingozi yokuncibilika kwe-polymer okungaphelele kanye nokufana okuphansi kokuxubana. Ijubane lokuxuba libaluleke ngokulinganayo: okuhamba kancane kakhulu kuvimbela ukuhlakazeka okwanele, kuyilapho okusheshayo kakhulu kwandisa ukucheba futhi, ngokumangalisayo, kungabangela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuxuba phakathi kuka-500–2000 rpm, okwenzelwe usayizi we-batch kanye ne-geometry yokuxuba, kufinyelela ibhalansi yokuxuba okufanayo. Isikhathi sokuhlala—isikhathi lapho i-asphalt ne-polymer zihlala ngaphansi kokushukunyiswa—kumele silungiselelwe; isikhathi esinganele siveza ukusabela okungaphelele, kanti okweqile kungabangela ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba njengoba izithasiselo ziphuma ekumisweni.
Ekukhiqizweni kwenqwaba ye-asphalt eguquliwe ye-polymer, opharetha bangalinganisa ngokunembile izinto zokusetshenziswa futhi balungise izindlela zokupheka njengoba kudingeka kungxube ngayinye. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukulungisa ngesikhathi sangempela uma ukuhlushwa kwe-polymer, izinga lokushisa, noma izici zokuxuba ziphambuka ekucacisweni. Isibonelo, i-PMA binder esebenza kahle yemigwaqo yezindiza ingadinga ukulawulwa kwamanje kwezilinganiso zokwengeza kanye nephrofayili yokushisa, ngamasampula amancane okuhlola ahlaziywe ukuqinisekisa ukufana ngaphambi kokuba kuqedwe inqwaba ephelele. Izinqubo zenqwaba zisebenza kahle kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-asphalt ekhethekile, yenqwaba encane, noma enenani eliphezulu.
Ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo, nakuba kusebenza kahle ekukhiqizweni komthamo omkhulu, kuletha izinselele zokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenqubo. Izinto ngokuvamile zilinganiswa ngevolumu, okungaletha ukuhlukahluka komthamo we-polymer noma we-stabilizer uma izinhlelo zokuphakelayo zingalinganiswanga kahle. Izinhlelo eziqhubekayo zithembele ekulinganisweni okusemgqeni kanye nempendulo yesikhathi sangempela ukuze kulondolozwe ubuningi kanye ne-viscosity okuqondiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwamamitha obuningi be-ultrasonic—njengalawo akhiqizwe yi-Lonnmeter—kuhlinzeka ngezindlela zokulawula ubuningi be-asphalt eziqhubekayo, ezinembile kakhulu, okuxwayisa onjiniyela bezinqubo ngokushesha ngokuphambuka okungase kubonise ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, ukuchitheka, noma ukungahambisani kokudla. Amamitha obuningi be-viscosity angaphakathi aqinisekisa futhi ukuthi i-rheology ye-binder ihlala ngaphakathi kwencazelo, okubalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezindinganiso zokusebenza zezwe kanye nezezinga lephrojekthi.
Ukulawulwa okungalungile kwamapharamitha enqubo kuletha izingozi eziningi. Uma izinga lokushisa lokuxuba liphansi kakhulu, ama-polymer angase ahlale engancibiliki futhi ahlangane, okuholela ekubambeni okungalingani kahle nokusebenza kabi. Ukusika okuphezulu kakhulu noma ukuhlala isikhathi eside kungabangela ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba noma kukhuthaze ukusabela kokuwohloka, ikakhulukazi ekuxubeni nge-polypropylene noma i-polyethylene waste modifiers. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba—lapho izigaba ezicebile nge-polymer nezicebile nge-asphalt zihlukana khona ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kwamathangi noma ngesikhathi sokugcina—kuholela ekuhlukanisweni okubonakalayo kanye nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo kakhulu kwendlela. Ukuchitheka kwenzeka uma izinhlayiya ze-polymer noma zokugcwalisa zicwila noma zintanta ngenxa yokungalingani kobuningi, futhi kuphinde kukhiqize izakhiwo ezingafani ze-binder. Lezi zimo azithinti nje kuphela izici ze-mechanical kanye ne-rheological ze-asphalt kodwa futhi nokuqina kwayo kwesikhathi eside ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kwethrafikhi kanye nesimo sezulu.
Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwenqubo okuqinile nokuqapha okubukhoma. Izindlela zokuxuba i-asphalt ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kuncike ekugcineni zonke iziguquguquko ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kobubanzi bazo obuhle kuyo yonke inqubo. Ukusebenzisa imitha ethembekile emugqeni kokubili ubuningi kanye ne-viscosity—ikakhulukazi ukulinganisa ubuningi be-ultrasonic ekukhiqizeni i-asphalt okuhlinzekwa yi-Lonnmeter—kusiza ukugcina ukulawula okuqinile kokwakheka. Lapho kutholakala ukuphambuka, umkhuba wanamuhla uwukubeka uphawu nokuphambukisa umkhiqizo ongaphandle kwe-spec ukuze usetshenziswe kabusha kunokuwuvumela ungene kuchungechunge lokuhlinzeka, okuqinisa ukubaluleka kokubili kokuziphatha kweqembu kanye nokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo.
Ekugcineni, ukusebenzisana kwezinga lokushisa, isivinini sokuxuba, isikhathi sokuhlala, kanye nokulinganisela okunembile kwe-feedstock kusekela zonke izici zokuguqulwa kwe-polymer asphalt. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nalesi sifundo kubangela izinkinga ezisukela ekuhlukanisweni kwesigaba kanye nokuchitheka kwenhlabathi kuya ekungahambelani okukhulu kwe-binder, okusongela ukusebenza komgwaqo kanye nokunciphisa impilo yesevisi.
Ukulawula Ukuqina Nobuningi Be-Asphalt: Amathuluzi Namasu
Ukulawulwa okunembile kwe-asphalt viscosity kubalulekile ekucubungulweni okubushelelezi, ukuqina okuqondiwe, kanye nokusebenza kwendlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo isikhathi eside. Ukuqina kuthinta ukumpompa kwe-asphalt—ukuthi igeleza kalula kangakanani ngamaphampu, amapayipi, kanye nemishini yokuxuba ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt eguquliwe nge-polymer. Uma i-viscosity idlula ngaphandle kobubanzi obufanele, i-asphalt ingaba nzima ukuyiphatha, okuholela ekuvinjweni noma ekufakweni okungalungile kwama-aggregates. Ngenxa yalokho, ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity okungekuhle kungadala ukuhlukaniswa kwengxube, ukuqina okunganele, kanye nokuqina komgwaqo okuncishisiwe.
Ukuqina kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle. Ukuqina okuphansi kuthuthukisa ukumpompa kodwa kungonakalisa ikhono lengxube lokufeza ukuqina okuhle, kuyilapho ukuqina ngokweqile kubangela ukugeleza okuqinile nokuxuba okungaphelele. Amasu okuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer, njengokufakwa kwe-SBS noma i-PTFE, avumela ukulungiswa kwe-viscosity okuqondisiwe kwezicelo ezithile. Ukukhetha ngokucophelela kanye nokulinganisa izithasiselo kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuxuba i-asphalt ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kuqinisekisa ibhalansi phakathi kokugeleza, ukumelana nokushisa, kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka. Amamitha e-viscosity angaphakathi, njengalawo akhiqizwe yi-Lonnmeter, avumela ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokulawulwa kwempendulo eqinile ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt kanye nokuthuthwa kwayo. Lawa mamitha avumela opharetha ukuthi balungise izinga lokushisa kanye nokufakwayo okungeziwe ngokuguquguqukayo, bavimbele ukuvinjelwa kwephampu futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ibhetshi ngayinye igcina izakhiwo ezihambisanayo kuyo yonke inqubo.
Ukulawulwa kobuningi be-asphalt kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ubuningi be-asphalt obuhle buyisici esinquma ikhwalithi yokuqina, amandla omgwaqo, kanye nokuqina. Ubuningi obunganele bushiya izikhala zomoya eziningi, okubangela ukungena komswakama, ukugoba, kanye nokwehluleka kokukhathala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuqina ngokweqile kungakhipha i-binder eningi kakhulu, okuholela ezindaweni eziqhekeka kalula, ezivame ukuqhekeka. Izindlela zanamuhla zokulawula ubuningi be-asphalt zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo, obungabhubhisi ukunikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela. Phakathi kwalokhu, imitha yokuqina kwe-ultrasonic ye-asphalt—ehlanganiswe emipayipini yokukhiqiza noma eziteshini zokuqapha—inikeza ukufundwa okusheshayo kobuningi bezinto ngokuhumusha ukudluliselwa kwamagagasi omsindo ngengxube. Lokhu kufundwa kusekela ukulungiswa kwendawo, okufaka isandla ekuqineni okufanayo futhi kunciphise ingozi yobuthakathaka obuhlobene nobuningi.
Ukulinganiswa kobuningi be-Ultrasonic ekukhiqizweni kwe-asphalt kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqapheni inqubo kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi. Ngokufaka amamitha obuningi be-ultrasonic eLonnmeter ezindaweni ezibalulekile enqubweni yokuxuba nokudlulisa, opharetha bafinyelela amaphrofayili obuningi obubukhoma, bebona noma yikuphi ukuphambuka ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela. Lokhu kusekela amasu okunciphisa asebenzayo, njengokulungisa isivinini sokuxuba noma ukudla okuhlanganisiwe, ukugcina ukuhambisana kobuningi kulo lonke ivolumu elikhiqizwayo.
Ukuguquguquka kobuningi kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-viscosity kungasongela kokubili ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nobuqotho bendlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo isikhathi eside. Ukweqa okukhulu, okungazelelwe kwe-viscosity—okuvame ukubangelwa izithasiselo ezingahambisani noma ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa—kubangela ukumbozwa okungahambisani kanye nokuqina okungafani. Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwe-asphalt feedstock kuyisu elisebenzayo; ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-base bitumen, ama-polymers, kanye nezinye iziguquli zihlangana kahle, abakhiqizi banciphisa ingozi yokuphazamiseka okunjalo. Ukuvimbela ukuvaleka kwamapayipi e-asphalt kusebenzisa izinzwa eziqondile: ngokushesha nje lapho kutholakala ukwanda kwe-viscosity, abaqhubi bangangenelela ngaphambi kokuba izinto ziqoqeke noma amapayipi avimbeke, besebenzisa izixazululo zokuvaleka kwamapayipi ezibhalwe kahle ekuthuthweni kwe-asphalt.
Ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo ze-rheological kwakha umgogodla wesayensi wokuphathwa kwenqubo ye-asphalt ezinzile. Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-dynamic shear rheometry akugcini nje ngokulinganisa ukuziphatha kwe-viscoelastic kodwa futhi kwembula ukuthi ingxube izosabela kanjani ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kokusebenza kanye nokushisa. Ukuqonda lezi zakhiwo kuhlobene ngqo nokuzinza kwenqubo—i-rheology ezinzile ilingana ne-viscosity kanye nobuningi obuhambisanayo kulo lonke ukukhiqizwa, ukuqina, kanye nokupholisa. Amaphrofayili e-rheological achazwe kahle asho ukuxubana okufanayo, ukuqina okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuncishisiwe.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi okulinganisa i-viscosity kanye nobuningi besikhathi sangempela, ikakhulukazi lawo asebenzisa amasu e-ultrasonic kanye namasu angaphakathi, kuthuthukisa ukulawulwa kwenqubo. Ukulungiswa okuqhutshwa idatha—okwenziwe kwaba nokwenzeka ngamathuluzi avela kubakhiqizi abanjengoLonnmeter—kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhetshi ngayinye ihlangabezana nemininingwane yokufuthwa, ukusebenza kahle, amandla, kanye nokuqina, kusekela ukuthuthukiswa kokuzinza kwenqubo ye-asphalt okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuphakamisa ikhwalithi iyonke yezindlela zanamuhla.
Ukuvimbela Ukuvinjelwa Nokugcina Ukugeleza Kwenqubo Emapayipini E-Asphalt
Ukuvaleka kwamapayipi e-asphalt, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt eguquliwe yi-polymer, kuvela ekusebenzisaneni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwama-polymer ne-asphalt, izimo zenqubo eziguquguqukayo, kanye nokulawula okunganele phezu kwezakhiwo zokuxubana okuyinhloko. Kumasu okuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer, izinkinga ezifana nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziqinile, kanye nokuphakama kwe-viscosity okungazelelwe kungabangela imikhawulo engaphelele noma ephelele ngaphakathi komugqa.
Izimbangela ezivamile zokuvinjelwa zihlanganisa ukungalingani kwamakhemikhali noma kwesimo phakathi kwe-asphalt ne-polymer ekhethiwe. Izingxube ezingahambisani, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihilela ama-polymer asetshenziswe kabusha njenge-PET noma i-PE, zivame ukuhlukanisa noma ukuhlanganisa, zidala izindawo ze-viscosity ephezulu ezinciphisa ukugeleza futhi zibambe izinhlayiya. Lezi zinsalela ezicebile nge-polymer zingase zihlale zimile ngesikhathi sokuxubana kwe-shear ephezulu kodwa zingahlala lapho ukusika kwehle noma ngesikhathi sokwehla kwezinga lokushisa, zenze ama-slugs noma ama-gel aminyene ngaphakathi kwepayipi. Ukushisa okusheshayo noma ukuxubana okungaphelele kuyenza ibe yingozi le miphumela, okuvame ukuholela ezingcezu ze-polymer ezingaxutshwanga eziqongelela ekugobeni noma ekuminyanisweni kwepayipi. Ukuncibilika okubi kwama-polymer athile noma ukugxilisa ngokweqile nakho kungakhuphula ngokuzumayo i-viscosity yokuxuba, kunciphise ifasitela lokuphepha lokusebenza lokugeleza kwepayipi.
Ukwehluka kwamaphrofayili okushisa eceleni kwepayipi kuthinta ukujiya kwendawo kanye nokuqina kwenqubo. Izindawo ezishisayo noma ezibandayo ezitholakala endaweni ethile—ezibangelwa ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okungalingani noma ukwehluleka kokufaka izinto ezivikela ukushisa—zisebenza njengezindawo zokuqinisa noma ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, okuthinta kabi amasu okuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer. Lokhu kugqame kakhulu emigqeni emide noma engavikelekile kahle, lapho ngisho nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa okuncane kungathinta kakhulu ukugeleza kwamanzi. Izindawo zokugeleza ezihamba kancane noma ezinganyakazi zikhuthaza ukuhlala kwe-asphaltenes nama-polymer angahlakazekile, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwemingcele.
Ukugcina ubuningi be-asphalt obuhambisanayo kanye ne-viscosity kudinga ukuqapha okukhuthele nokuqhubekayo. Amathuluzi angaphakathi afana namamitha e-ultrasonic density e-Lonnmeter avumela impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ngezindlela zokulawula ubuningi be-asphalt futhi alandelele ngqo ukusabalala kokushintsha kwesigaba noma ukuhlanganiswa kwe-polymer. Uma kuhambisana namamitha e-viscosity angaphakathi, lawa masistimu abona ukuqala koshintsho lwe-viscosity kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba kufinyelelwe imingcele ebalulekile yokuvinjelwa, okunikeza ithuba lokulungiswa kwenqubo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwala mamitha angaphazamisi kwenza kube lula ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi imicimbi yokungazinzi kokuxubana, kusekela ukugeleza okuzinzile kokubili ezimweni ezijwayelekile neziguquliwe kakhulu zokuxuba i-asphalt ye-polymer.
Ukuvimbela okuphumelelayo kuncike eqoqweni lezindlela zokuhlanganisa i-asphalt eziqinisayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kanye nokuqina kokugeleza. Ukuhlunga okuqondile kuhlala kuyindlela yokuzivikela eyinhloko: izikrini ze-mesh noma izihlungi zensimbi ezisikiwe, ezilungiselelwe ukuxubana okuthile nendawo yokusebenza, zibamba ama-agglomerate, isikali, kanye nezinto ezisele ngaphambi kokuba ziqongelelane ezingxenyeni zamapayipi ezisengozini. Ukuhlolwa kwesihlungi okuvamile, okuhleliwe kanye nemijikelezo yokuhlanza kuyadingeka ngenxa yokuthambekela kokuxubana kwe-polymer-rich kanye nezinto eziqinile eziphezulu ezintweni zokuhlunga ezingcolisa ngokushesha. Izinhlelo zokuhlunga zidinga ukusekelwa amasu okulawula amazinga okushisa aqinile kanye nokushisa. Ngisho nokwehla okuncane ngaphansi kokushisa kokuxubana okuhle kungabangela ukuqina kwendawo, kuqede izihlungi ezingezansi.
Izinqubo zokuphazamiseka—kusukela ekuxubeni okuqhubekayo kwemishini kuya ekucindezelweni okuphezulu okuvamile—zisekela ukuhlakazeka okufanayo futhi zivimbele ukuqina. Ukuphazamiseka kwemishini ngaphakathi kwamatangi ahlanganisiwe kanye nezingxenye zamapayipi kusiza ukugcina ama-polymer anesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu kanye nama-asphaltenes elenga, okulwa ngqo nokuhlukaniswa kanye nengozi yokuqongelela kwendawo. Ukuphazamiseka okuqhubekayo kubaluleke kakhulu ngezikhathi zokuncipha kokuphuma noma ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo.
Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile kokubili ekuvimbeleni ukuvaleka kwamapayipi e-asphalt kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuzinza kwenqubo okubanzi. Izinhlelo zempendulo ezenzakalelayo, ezisebenzisa ukulinganisa ubuningi be-ultrasonic ekukhiqizeni i-asphalt kanye ne-inline viscometry, zenza kube lula ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kwamazinga okushisa, ukuxuba, kanye nokupompa ngokwezakhiwo zokuxuba ezishintshayo. Lokhu kungenelela kokulawula kunciphisa amaphutha omuntu futhi kulungisa izimo zenqubo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvaleka ngenkuthalo, ngisho noma izakhiwo ze-feedstock noma izimo zemvelo zishintsha.
Indima yokuqapha inqubo iqhubekela phambili ngamadivayisi okuhlola athuthukile—njengezingulube zepayipi ezihlakaniphile noma ama-robotic probe—ahlola izimo zangaphakathi zepayipi. Lawa mathuluzi ahlonza ukuphambuka kobukhulu bodonga noma ukuvinjelwa okuthuthukayo, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa ngaphambi kokuba ukuvinjelwa kubangele ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza.
Ngamafuphi, ukuvimbela imikhawulo emigqeni ye-asphalt eguquliwe kudinga indlela ephelele: izinqubo zokuxuba ezilawulwayo, izindlela zokuxuba eziqinile kanye nokuhlunga, ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa okunembile, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kobuningi kanye ne-viscosity kusetshenziswa amadivayisi afana namamitha okuqina e-Lonnmeter ultrasonic. Lawa maqhinga ndawonye aqinisekisa ukuthuthwa okungenazinkinga, ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehambisanayo kulo lonke uhla olukhulayo lwe-asphalt yesimanje eguquliwe nge-polymer kanye nemiklamo yokuxuba ephinde yasetshenziswa.
Ukusimama kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kabusha Ekuguqulweni Kwe-Asphalt
Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-polymer asetshenziswe kabusha, ikakhulukazi i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kanye ne-polyethylene (PE), sekuyinto ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuzinza ekukhiqizweni kwe-asphalt eguquliwe yi-polymer. Lawa mapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha, atholakala emfucumfucwini yabathengi noma yezimboni, afakwa ngamasu okuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer ecwengekile njengezindlela zokuxuba ezomile nezimanzi. Zombili lezi zindlela zihambisana nezimiso zomnotho ojikelezayo ngokuphambukisa amapulasitiki ezindaweni zokulahla udoti bese ewafaka engqalasizindani yendlela ehlala isikhathi eside.
Izifundo zokuhlola zakamuva zibhala ukuthi ukuphinda kusetshenziswe i-PET ne-PE akugcini nje ngokunciphisa isidingo sezinto zokusetshenziswa kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini zezingxube ze-asphalt. I-asphalt eguquliwe yi-PET ithuthukisa amandla okubamba, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside, kuyilapho i-PE inezela ukuguquguquka futhi iqinisa ukumelana nokuguquguquka kulo lonke izinga lokushisa elibanzi. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-PET ne-PE kuvumela ukwenza ngezifiso imiphumela yemishini—isibonelo, inhlanganisela ye-PE engu-6% ne-PET engu-2% ibikwe ukuthi ithuthukisa amandla okucindezela kanye nokuzinza okuphelele.
Ukufakwa kwala ma-polymer kuthonya izilinganiso zomzimba eziyinhloko: i-viscosity, ubuningi, kanye nokuzwela kwezinga lokushisa kwe-asphalt binder. Nge-PE noma i-PET esetshenzisiwe, i-binder viscosity ivame ukwanda, ithuthukise ukumelana ne-rutting, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme noma eziphakeme. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-polymer okweqile kungasunduza i-viscosity kakhulu, kuvimbele ukusebenza kahle ngesikhathi sokuxuba i-asphalt kanye nokuganda. Lokhu kugcizelela isidingo sokulawula umthamo ngokucophelela, ukuhlolwa okuqinile kokuhambisana kwe-asphalt feedstock, kanye nezindlela zokuxuba i-asphalt ezilungiselelwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza.
Izinguquko zobuningi nazo zihambisana nokwengezwa kwe-polymer. Njengoba ama-polymer esebenzisana ngaphakathi kwe-bituminous matrix, kunomthelela olinganiswayo ekuxineni—okubalulekile ekuhlanganiseni okuhlanganisiwe kanye nezindinganiso ze-volumetric. Izindlela zokulawula ukuminyana kwe-asphalt ezisebenzisa amamitha okuminyana kwe-ultrasonic, njengalezo ezikhiqizwe yi-Lonnmeter, zinikeza ukuqapha okunembile ukuze kugcinwe imigomo yokucaciswa. Ngokufanayo, ukulungiswa kokuzinza kwenqubo ye-asphalt kuvame ukuncika ekulinganisweni kokuqina kwe-ultrasonic ngesikhathi sangempela ekukhiqizweni kwe-asphalt ukuthola nokulungisa ukuphambuka, ukusekela ngqo ikhwalithi ehambisanayo lapho kusetshenziswa okuqukethwe okuphinde kwasetshenziswa. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba ukushintsha kokuqina kanye ne-viscosity kumele kulawulwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuminyana okunganele noma ingozi yokuguquka kwempilo yangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukuhlolwa kwemishini kwe-asphalt ephinde yasetshenziswa e-polymer kukhomba njalo ukuthuthuka ekuzinzeni kwe-Marshall, ukumelana nokugoba okuhlolwe ngokusebenzisa ukulandelela amasondo e-Hamburg, kanye nokuphila kokukhathala. Imininingwane yelabhorethri iqinisekisa ukuthi izingxube ze-PET ne-PE ezilinganiswe kahle zidlula izilawuli ezivamile kokubili ekuhlolweni kokushisa okuphezulu nokuphansi, lapho i-PET inegalelo ekuzinzeni kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa nokuguga. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi, ama-asphalt anjalo ashintshiwe andisa impilo yesevisi ngo-14-65% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko, ezibambezela ukungenelela kokulungisa okubizayo nokusebenzisa ikhabhoni kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zemvelo zinezici eziningi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-polymer asetshenziswe kabusha kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa—hhayi nje kuphela ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingabonakali kodwa futhi nangesikhathi eside sokuphila komgwaqo kanye nemijikelezo embalwa yokuvuselelwa. Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila kwembula ukwehla okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kanye ne-carbon footprint, ikakhulukazi lapho imifudlana yemfucuza yendawo inikeza ukudla kwe-modifier. Emiphakathini, lokhu kuholela ekuncipheni komthwalo wokulahla imfucuza kanye nokukhishwa kwencithakalo okuphansi ngekhilomitha ngalinye lomgwaqo owakhiwe noma ovuselelwe.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi (QA) kusalokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kungavela emithonjeni yepulasitiki esetshenzisiwe engaguquki noma ekuxubeni okungaphansi kokufanele. Izinqubo ze-QA ezithuthukisiwe manje zihlanganisa uhlu lwezivivinyo ze-rheological (isb., i-Rolling Thin Film Oven Test yokulingisa ukuguga, i-dynamic shear rheometry yokuqina nokuqina) kanye nokuhlolwa kwempahla ebonakalayo (ukuqina kwe-Marshall, ukungena, ukuguquguquka, kanye nephuzu lokuthambisa). Kuphela nge-QA eqinile, esekelwa ukulawulwa kwenqubo yezibalo kanye namathuluzi okulinganisa aqinile endaweni - kufaka phakathi ubuningi obungaphakathi kanye namamitha e-viscosity avela eLonnmeter - lapho abakhiqizi bangaqinisekisa khona ukufana kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Lezi zinyathelo ze-QA eziqhubekayo zibalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukuzinza kwenqubo ye-asphalt okungenamkhawulo kanye nezixazululo zokuvimba ukuvinjelwa kwamapayipi ekuthuthweni kwe-asphalt noma ngesikhathi sokusebenza kabusha.
Sekukonke, ukusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwe-PET kanye ne-PE esetshenzisiwe ekuguqulweni kwe-asphalt kubonisa indlela ewusizo nenomthelela eya engqalasizinda yemigwaqo esimeme kakhudlwana. Impumelelo ephindwe kabili yokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwemishini kanye nezinzuzo eziphawulekayo zemvelo kuqinisekisa ukushintshela okuqhubekayo ekukhiqizweni kwe-asphalt eguquliwe ye-polymer eluhlaza, enenani eliphezulu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Iyini inhloso yokuguqulwa kwe-asphalt kubunjiniyela bemigwaqo?
Ukuguqulwa kwe-asphalt kuhlose ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ze-binder ukuze kuxazululwe izidingo eziphezulu zethrafikhi yesimanje kanye nezinselele zezindawo ezinzima. Ngokuhlanganisa ama-modifiers afana nama-polymers, amapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha, noma irabha eliyimfucumfucu, onjiniyela bangakhulisa ukumelana nokugoba, ukukhathala, kanye nokuqhekeka kokushisa. Isibonelo, i-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yandisa amandla okubamba kanye nokuqina kokushisa, kuyilapho irabha eliyimfucumfucu lengeza ukuguquguquka futhi landise impilo yendlela. Lezi zindlela zisekela ukuqina kwendlela futhi zinciphisa isidingo sokulungiswa njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu okuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer asiza ekuhlangabezaneni nemigomo yokuzinza ngokufaka izinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kokucindezeleka.
Ukuxuba i-asphalt kuthinta kanjani izakhiwo zomgwaqo wokugcina?
Ukuhlanganisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kufaka phakathi i-asphalt pavement (RAP) ephinde yasetshenziswa noma ukuhlanganisa ama-binder angewona asebekhulile, kunquma ngqo ukusebenza kwe-pavement. Ukuhlanganisa okuphumelelayo kuqinisekisa ingxube efanayo, ethinta i-viscosity, ubuningi, ukusebenza kahle, kanye namandla omshini. Ukuhlanganisa okunganele kungaholela ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka, ukuncipha kokumelana nokukhathala, kanye nokuqina okuguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa ingxenye ne-RAP kunganciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-binder okusebenzayo, okuholela ekuqhekekeni noma ekunciphiseni ukumelana kwe-rutting. Ukuhlanganisa okuhlala njalo kufezwa ngezindlela zokuhlanganisa i-asphalt ezilungiselelwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-polymer kanye nezithasiselo zihlakazeka ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwe-binder matrix ukuze kube namandla aphezulu kanye nokufana.
Kuyini ukukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt eguquliwe nge-polymer futhi kungani ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubalulekile?
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-asphalt eguquliwe nge-polymer kuhlanganisa ama-polymer okwenziwa kuma-binder e-asphalt ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo ezifana nokumelana nokugoba, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokuzinza kokushisa. Ukusebenza kahle kwale nqubo kuncike ekulinganisweni kokuxuba okulawulwa ngokucophelela, izikhathi zokuxuba, kanye namaphrofayili okushisa. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubalulekile—ukuqapha amapharamitha afana ne-viscosity kanye nobuningi ngamamitha angaphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-polymer asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo, kuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, futhi kwenza kube nomphumela ophindaphindwayo nowekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngaphandle kokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, amasu okuguqula i-asphalt ye-polymer angabangela ukusebenza okungalingani kwe-binder kanye nokuncipha kwesikhathi sokuphila kwemigwaqo.
Kungani ukulawulwa kobuningi be-asphalt kubalulekile futhi kufezwa kanjani?
Ukugcina ubuningi be-asphalt obufanele kubalulekile ekuqineni kwendlela. I-asphalt ehlanganiswe ngendlela engafanele ibeka engcupheni ukuqhekeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuqhekeka, kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo okuncishisiwe. Ubuchwepheshe obufana namamitha obuningi be-ultrasonic buhlinzeka ngezilinganiso ezinembile, zesikhathi sangempela, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Le ndlela engonakalisi ihlanganiswe nezindlela zanamuhla zokulawula ubuningi be-asphalt, enikeza opharetha idatha edingekayo ukuze balondoloze ikhwalithi ehambisanayo kanye nokuqina, okuhambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile zemboni. Isibonelo, amamitha obuningi be-inline kaLonnmeter anikeza ukulinganisa okuqinile kwe-ultrasonic ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza i-asphalt, eletha ukuqonda okusebenzayo ngemizuzwana.
Yini ebangela ukuvinjelwa kwamapayipi e-asphalt futhi kungavinjelwa kanjani?
Ukuvaleka kuvela ekukhuphukeni kwe-viscosity okungazelelwe, ukuhambisana okungaguquki kwe-feedstock, noma ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa okubangela ukufakwa kwe-asphaltene kanye ne-wax ngaphakathi kwamapayipi. Ama-modifiers axutshwe kabi noma ukushisa okunganele nakho kwandisa ingozi. Ukuvimbela kuqala ngamazinga okushisa enqubo ezinzile, izindlela zokuxuba ezinokwethenjelwa, kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela ngamamitha obuningi angaphakathi. Ukulinganiswa okuvamile kwamathuluzi kanye nemikhuba emihle yokushisa kunciphisa izindawo ezishisayo noma amaphakethe abandayo. Isibonelo, ukuqapha amasu okulawula i-asphalt viscosity ngesikhathi sangempela kuvumela ukulungiswa kusenesikhathi, kunciphisa amathuba okuvaleka kwamapayipi kanye nokugcina ukuhamba okushelelayo kokuhamba - okuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukuvaleka kwanamuhla kwamapayipi e-asphalt.
Ukuhambisana kwe-feedstock kuthinta kanjani ukuzinza kwenqubo ekuguqulweni kwe-asphalt?
Ukuhambisana kwe-feedstock kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukuzinza kwenqubo ye-asphalt. I-base binder ehambisanayo isabela ngokufanayo nama-polymer noma izithasiselo, okwenza kube lula ukuxubana okufanayo nokunciphisa izingozi zokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba. I-feedstock engahambisani ingaveza ukuhlakazeka okungalingani, ukuphakama okuphezulu kwe-viscosity, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuvinjelwa noma izakhiwo ezincane zemishini. Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwe-asphalt feedstock kwenziwa ngokuhlaziywa kwe-rheological kanye ne-molecular ukuhlola amandla okuxhumana. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-asphalt eguquliwe ye-polymer ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwendlela yesikhathi eside kanye nokuthembeka kokukhiqiza.
Iyini indima yamamitha obuningi be-ultrasonic ekucutshungulweni kwe-asphalt?
Amamitha okuqina kwe-Ultrasonic ayasiza ekukhiqizweni kwe-asphalt ukuze kulinganiswe ubuningi obuqhubekayo, obungaphakathi. Lawa madivayisi akhipha ama-pulse e-ultrasonic emfuleni we-asphalt futhi abale ubuningi ngokusekelwe kwisivinini sokusabalala kwamagagasi, okuhambisana nokuxinana kwezinto kanye ne-viscosity. Impendulo yawo yesikhathi sangempela ivumela ukulawula okuqinile ubuningi be-asphalt, okusiza abaqhubi ukuthi bathole ukuphambuka ngokushesha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamamitha anjalo, kufaka phakathi lawo avela eLonnmeter, kuthuthukisa ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi, kunciphisa imfucuza yezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuhambisana nezindlela zokulawula ubuningi be-asphalt. Imitha yokuqina kwe-Ultrasonic yokucubungula i-asphalt iyisisombululo esiqinisekisiwe sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu okudingekayo embonini yanamuhla yokuhamba ngezinyawo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 16-2025
