Amamitha obuningi obuphakathiukuletha idatha eqhubekayo ebalulekile ekuhlanzweni kwe-acetophenone ekusetshenzisweni kokulungisa amakha. Ukulinganisa kwesikhathi sangempela kwenza kube lula ukuthola ukungcola kwe-benzene ne-acetyl chloride okungaphansi kuka-0.5%, okusekela ngqo amazinga okuhlanzeka kwe-acetophenone ekukhiqizweni kwamakha. Impendulo yobuningi ivumela ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kwezilinganiso ze-distillation reflux ebangeni lika-2:1–3:1, okuqinisekisa okuqukethwe kwe-acetophenone okungu-99.5% ngokusebenzisa amasu okuhlanza alawulwayo ngokunemba.
Ukuqinisa ubuningi besigaba se-organic phakathi kuka-1.045–1.050 g/cm³ ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwe-oxime ngokukhishwa kwe-dichloromethane kuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-oxime hydrolysate, kuthuthukisa umthamo we-sodium hydroxide wokutholwa kokuphela kokusabela. Amathuluzi angaphakathi afana namamitha okuqina e-Lonnmeter kanye namamitha okuhlushwa ngokushesha abonisa ukukhishwa okungaphelele futhi avumele ukwenziwa ngcono kwesilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-extractant, kunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kabusha.
Ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile kokulinganisa okuqondile kuzenzakalelayo ukuphambuka komkhiqizo lapho ubuningi budlula u-1.027 g/cm³ futhi kuqeda ukusampula ngesandla, kusekela ukuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-acetophenone emsulwa kakhulu ngobufakazi obubhalwe phansi bokuhambisana.
Ukukhiqizwa Kokulungisa kwe-Acetophenone
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Amamitha obuningi obuphakathiuletha ubuhlakani benqubo ebalulekile yokuhlanzwa kwe-acetophenone ekusetshenzisweni kokulungisa amakha. Ukulinganiswa kobuningi besikhathi sangempela kwenza ukunamathela okuqinile ezindinganisweni zobumsulwa be-acetophenone, kusekela ukutholwa okuqhubekayo kokungcola kwe-benzene ne-acetyl chloride ngaphansi kuka-0.5%. Abasebenzi bathuthukisa amasu okuhlanza ngokunemba futhi balungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izilinganiso ze-reflux ukuze balondoloze i-acetophenone engu-99.5%. Ngesikhathi sokuxuba nokuhlanganisa ekukhiqizeni amakha, amamitha obuningi be-inline aqinisekisa ukuzinza kobuningi besigaba se-organic ku-1.045–1.050 g/cm³, okuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-oxime hydrolysate ngokutholwa kokuqala kokusabela.
I-AcetophenoneUkubuka Konke Kwenqubo Yokukhiqiza
I-ethylbenzene oxidation ikhiqiza i-acetophenone, evuselelwa yi-cobalt noma i-manganese acetates ku-120–200°C ukuze ikhiqize kufika ku-90%. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba eziningi kususa i-phenylethane kanye ne-hydroperoxides, bese i-precision fractional distillation ihlukanisa i-acetophenone. Amamitha obuningi obuphakathi aqapha ubumsulwa be-distillate, okwenza ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso se-reflux ngesikhathi sangempela kuqhubeke i-acetophenone engu-≥99.5%, ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kokulungisa amakha. Impendulo yobuningi yenza kube lula ukuthola ukungcola kwe-benzene kanye ne-acetyl chloride—ukugcina imingcele engaphansi kuka-0.5% kubalulekile ekuhlanzweni kwe-acetophenone. Ukulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-inline kuqinisekisa izilinganiso ze-distillation reflux phakathi kuka-2:1 no-3:1, ukuthuthukisa ukususwa kokungcola kanye nokunciphisa amaphutha enziwe ngesandla.
Ngesikhathi sokukhipha i-oximation, ukukhishwa kwe-dichloromethane kuzinzisa ubuningi besigaba se-organic phakathi kuka-1.045–1.050 g/cm³, kuqashwe ngqo kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuqina kwe-Lonnmeter. Leli fasitela lokuqina livimbela ukwakheka kwe-oxime hydrolysate futhi lilawula ukufakwa kwe-sodium hydroxide. Ukwehla kobuningi kubonisa ukukhishwa okungaphelele, okubangela ukwenziwa ngcono kwezinga lokugeleza kwe-extractant ukuze kukhiqizwe i-acetophenone ehlanzekile kakhulu. Ukulinganisa okuqondile kuqhuba ukuxubana nokuhlanganisa ukunemba, kusekela amazinga okuhlanzeka kwe-acetophenone kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakha okuphumelelayo.
Izinto Zokulungisa Iphunga
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Izinselele Ekulinganisweni Kobuningi Be-Inline
Ukulinganiswa kobuningi obuqondile bokuhlanzwa kwe-acetophenone kubhekene nezinselele ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe nezokusebenza:
Ukutholwa kokungcola kwe-benzene ne-acetyl chloride okungaphansi kuka-0.5% kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka kwe-acetophenone zokusetshenziswa kokulungisa amakha. Ukuphambuka kobuningi obungaphansi kuka-0.0005 g/cm³ kumele kuqashwe ukuze kuvunyelwe izindlela zokususa ukungcola ngokushesha kanye nokulungiswa okusheshayo.
Amasu okuhlanza ngokunemba asebenzisa impendulo yobuningi besikhathi sangempela ukuze alondoloze isilinganiso se-reflux esilawulwayo (2:1–3:1). Ukulawulwa kobuningi obuqinile kuvimbela ukulahleka komkhiqizo okungacacisiwe kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukuguquguquka kubonisa ukwehluka kokuhlanzeka kwe-acetophenone noma ukuhlanganiswa okungaphelele nokungahlangani kahle ekukhiqizweni kwamakha.
Inqubo yokusabela kwe-oximation idinga ukunqunywa okuqondile kwe-endpoint. Amathuluzi angaphakathi kumele abone izinga lokukhula kobuningi obungu-≤0.001 g/cm³/h ukuze kulawulwe ukwengeza kwe-alkali okuphephile futhi okuzenzakalelayo, kuvinjelwe i-sodium hydroxide eningi ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ukukhishwa kwe-dichloromethane okungaphelele kubonakala njengokwehla kobuningi esigabeni se-organic. Amamitha okuqina kwe-Lonnmeter avumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwesilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-extractant, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuningi besigaba buzinzile ku-1.045–1.050 g/cm³ ngesikhathi sokuqapha ukwenziwa kwe-acetophenone oxime.
Ukuvimbela okuphumelelayo kwe-oxime hydrolysate kuncike ekutholakaleni kokuphela kokusabela ngesikhathi sangempela ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali. Izimpawu zokulinganisa eziqondile ukuthi kufanele kumiswe nini ukudla kwe-alkali ngaphambi kokuba kuvele imikhiqizo elandelanayo.
Izinzuzo Zokuhlanganisa Amamitha Obuningi Obungaphakathi
Ukulawulwa kwe-valve yomkhiqizo ozenzakalelayo okuxhunywe ekulinganisweni kobuningi obuqondile kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphuma kwenzeka kuphela ngaphezu kuka-1.027 g/cm³, kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingaphansi kwe-spec. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kobuningi kwenza kube lula ukuthola ukungcola kwe-benzene ne-acetyl chloride okungaphansi kuka-0.5%, okubangela ukulungiswa kokusebenza okusheshayo. Impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ithuthukisa izilinganiso ze-distillation reflux phakathi kuka-2:1 no-3:1, yandisa isivuno se-acetophenone ngaphezu kuka-99.5% ngenkathi yehlisa imfucuza yezinto ezingavuthiwe. Ukuhlaziywa komugqa kususa ukusampula ngesandla, ukusika izikhathi zokulinda isampula kanye nephutha lomuntu, futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esimaphakathi sokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi ngaphezu kuka-40%. Idatha ehambisanayo yomugqa iqinisa ukuxubana nokuhlanganiswa, igcina ubumsulwa be-acetophenone bezicelo zokulungisa amakhambi phakathi nesikhathi eside. Inani ngalinye lobuningi kanye nokulungiswa kubhalwe phansi, kunikeza imibhalo ehlolwayo yokuhambisana nezindinganiso zobumsulwa be-acetophenone. Amathuluzi e-Lonnmeter asekela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo emigqeni yenqubo ekhona, enikeza ukulawula okunembile ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, ukukhipha, kanye nokukhipha i-oximation ngokungenelela okuncane.
Xazulula Izinkinga Ezinzima Enqubweni Yokukhiqiza
Cela ikhotheshini yemitha yobuningi be-Lonnmeter ukuze ubhekane nokusetshenziswa kokuhlanzwa kwe-acetophenone kanye nokulungiswa kwamaphunga. Sebenzisa amathuluzi e-Lonnmeter ukuze uthole izinzuzo zokulinganisa ubuningi be-inline, ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso se-distillation reflux, kanye nokuthembeka kwenqubo yokukhipha i-dichloromethane. Sekela imibhalo yezindinganiso zobumsulwa be-acetophenone, ukulungiswa kwenqubo ngokushesha, kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lokugeleza kwe-extractant ngezinzwa zenqubo eziqinile neziqondile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-28-2026
