Ukuqina Kwebhitumeni Kokukhiqiza Ulwelwesi Olungangenisi Manzi

Inhloso ye-wukuvimbela ukufudumala kwamanzimUkukhiqiza i-embrane kuhlose ukuguqula izitsha zokudla ezingavuthiwe eziguquguqukayo ngokwemvelo zibe imiqulu ye-membrane eqediwe ebonisa ukujiya okufanayo kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba ezihambisanayo kuzo zonke izilinganiso zazo. Ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity kunikeza indlela edingekayo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izici zokugeleza kwezinto kanye nokusebenzisana kwezingxenye ngaphakathi kwedivayisi yokumboza kuhlala kufana kusukela komunye umzuzu kuya komunye.

Umaukujiya kwe-bitumenikhombisa ukuguquguquka ngesikhathi sezigaba zokuxuba noma zokumboza, i-polymer-bitumen matrix ephumelayo ngokuqinisekile ngeke ibe yinto efanayo, okuholela ekushintsheni kokusebenza. Ukwehluleka ukugcinacoi-nsisitendei-viscosity causesukukhulelwa okunganele,i-resi-ultiukungenaamaphutha njengokuqhuma noma ukususwa kwesikhumba.

Ukukhiqizwa Kwe-membrane Yokuvimbela Ukungenwa NgamanziProi-cess

Ukukhiqizwa kokusebenza okuphezuluulwelwesi olungangenisi manzi lwe-bitumeninqubo enezigaba eziningi lapho izimo ze-rheological kumele ziphathwe ngokunembile, zisuka endaweni ephithizelayo yokuxubana ziye ekugelezeni okulawulwayo, okune-laminar okudingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe.

A. Ukulungiswa Nokuguqulwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile (Isigaba Sokuxuba)

Inqubo yokufaka ama-polymer (njenge-polypropylene (APP) noma i-styrene butadiene styrene (SBS)) ku-bitumen base binder iyinkimbinkimbi, idinga ukulawulwa kwe-kinetic okucophelelayo. Ukusabalala kwe-polymer okuphumelelayo kanye nokuhambisana kwesikhathi eside kuncike kakhulu ekugcineni umgomo.i-viscosity yengxubekanye nesilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokucheba kanye nokufakwa kwezinga lokushisa. Uma izinto eziyisisekelo noma ingxube ephumayo iqine kakhulu, izinqubo zokuxuba ngomshini ziba zingasebenzi kahle, zivimbele ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezithasiselo ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nama-polymer. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa izithasiselo ezikhethekile ngamasu, njenge-FT waxes, ikakhulukazi ukunciphisa i-viscosity ngesikhathi sokuxuba, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula amazinga okushisa aphansi okusebenza ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthuthukiswa izakhiwo zesevisi-zokushisa, njengendawo yokuthambisa kanye nokumelana nokuguquguquka kulwelwesi lokugcina.

Imiphumela yalezi zici ze-kinetic ekuvumelaneni kwe-PMB nayo ibaluleke kakhulu ekufinyeleleni ukuzinza kwesitoreji sesikhathi eside. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba noma ukuwohloka kwe-polymer ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphakathi kwamathangi okugcina kubeka engcupheni enkulu ekusebenzeni kokumboza. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zokuqapha i-viscosity eziqhubekayo, ezibekwe ngendlela efanele emathangini okugcina noma emigqeni yokudla eholela kubaxubi, zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-binder nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxube ihlala ifana, kunciphisa izingozi ezikhona ekugcinweni isikhathi eside noma ukuphazamiseka kwemishini ngaphambi kokufakwa kwayo enqubweni yokumboza.

B. Isigaba Sokumitha Nokumboza (I-Rheological Apex)

Lapho nje ingxube ye-PMB ihlangana nomethi wokuqinisa iphawula ingqophamlando yenqubo yonke, laphoukujiya kwebitumenyiyona nto eyinhloko enquma ubuqotho bomkhiqizo. Amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo okungena ngokugcwele ezindaweni ezincane kanye nasezindaweni eziphakathi kombhede wokuqinisa—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-fiberglass noma i-polyester—alawulwa yisenzo se-capillary. Le nqubo yokumanzisa i-capillary kumele ibe ephelele futhi isheshe ukuze kugwenywe umoya obambekile.

Ifasitela elihle kakhulu le-rheological lokugcwala kwe-bitumen ophahleni lincane kakhulu. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwezimboni kusikisela ukuthi i-viscosity esebenzayo ngokuvamile kufanele iwele ngaphakathi kuka-0.5 kuya ku-2.0 Pa$\cdot$s emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile okusetshenziswa, ngokuvamile asukela ku-180 ℃ kuya ku-220 ℃.

Ukubekezelelana Kokugoba kanye Nokulawulwa Kokungapheleli

Uma i-viscosity iphambuka kuleli fasitela elincane, amaphutha omkhiqizo angaphakathi avele ngokushesha:

Ingozi Yokuqina Okukhulu:Phezuluukujiya kwe-bitumenikhiqiza ukumelana okukhulu nokugeleza, okuholela ekungeneni okunganele futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukumbozwa komoya ngaphakathi kwe-reinforcement matrix. Lesi sici esiyisisekelo sokukhiqiza siyisandulela esiqondile sokwakheka kwama-blister kanye nokususwa okulandelayo, imodi yokwehluleka ehlonzwe ngokuphelele kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlola ezifana ne-Membrane Immersion Test (MIT). Ukufakwa kabi, okuqinisekiswe yi-MIT, kuyisibonakaliso esiqondile sezindlela zokwehluleka kwesikhathi eside; ngakho-ke, ukulandelela okuqhubekayo kwe-dynamic viscosity ekhanda lokumboza kusebenza njengendlela ebalulekile yokuphatha amathuba okwehluleka kwensimu esikhathini esizayo ngaphambi kokuba kuqedwe umqulu we-membrane.

Ingozi Yokuvinjelwa Okuphansi:Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umaukujiya kwebitumenuma iphansi kakhulu, ingaholela ekugcwaleni okunganele kwe-matrix noma ukugcwala ngokweqile kwezinto, ngaleyo ndlela ibe sengozini yokuqina kokugcina kwe-membrane kanye nokunamathelana phakathi kwezingqimba..

Ukuze kulwiwe nokuguquguquka okungenakugwenywa kwekhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokulungiswa kwe-binder, abakhiqizi kumele basungule i-dynamic viscosity-line speed feedback loop. Le ndlela ihilela ukufanisa ngokuguquguqukayo isivinini somugqa wenqubo ne-viscosity elinganisiwe esheshayo yenhlanganisela..I-inline viscometry inikeza impendulo esheshayo edingekayo ukuze kufezwe lezi zimo zenqubo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwama-membrane angafakwanga kahle, angacacisiwe kuncishiswa ngokuphelele..

C. Isigaba Sokupholisa Nokuphulukisa

Ngisho nangemva kokusetshenziswa kokuqala, izimo ze-rheological zihlala zibucayi. Iphrofayili yokugcina ye-viscosity inquma izici zokupholisa ze-bitumen eshisayo. Uma ukugeleza kwezinto kungalawulwa kahle noma i-viscosity iphansi kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa, izinto zingase ziphole ngokushesha kakhulu, okuholela ekuthungeni kokugcina okungajwayelekile noma ukubopha okunganele phakathi kwezingqimba, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuqineni kwesakhiwo sezinhlelo ze-multi-ply..Ukulawulwa okunembile kwe-viscosity kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-membrane ifinyelela ukuthungwa kwayo kokugcina, okuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nokwakheka kwezingqimba okufanele, okuvikela ukusebenza kwayo kokuvimbela amanzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuqotho bomathi wokuqinisa buncike kancane ekuqineni kwe-bitumen eshisayo. Amamathi okuqinisa athembele kuma-binder akhethekile (ngokuvamile ama-polyester noma ama-fiberglass binder) ukuze abambe imicu ndawonye..Ukuqina kwe-bitumen eshisayo kunquma ukucindezeleka kokushisa nokomshini okusetshenziswa kulesi sibophezeli sokuqinisa esingokwemvelo ngesikhathi sokufakwa.ukujiya kwebitumenuma iphakeme kakhulu, amandla adingekayo ukuze kufakwe i-inpregnation angacindezela i-reinforcement mat ngomshini; uma inhlanganisela yokushisa/i-viscosity ingalungile, ingafaka engcupheni i-binder engokwemvelo ye-mat, inciphise ngokungaqondile amandla omshini ahlinzekwa yi-reinforcement uqobo..Ngakho-ke ukulawulwa kokugoba kuyisici esiyisisekelo sokulondoloza ubuqotho besakhiwo sesayensi yezinto eziqinisayo.

Umthelela Oqondile WeUkuqina KwebitumenUkusebenza Komkhiqizo

Ukuqina kokusebenza kwe-membrane yokuvimbela amanzi kuhlobene kakhulu nempumelelo yokulawulwa kwe-rheological ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwayo. Izigaba ezilandelayo zihlobanisa ukulawulwa okunembile kwe-viscosity kanye nezincazelo eziyisithupha zokusebenza komkhiqizo ezidingekayo.

A. Ukufana Kokumboza kanye Nokusebenza Kahle Kokufaka Umanyolo

Ukufezwa kokugqoka okungenaphutha, okufanayo, okuqhutshwa yi-optimalukujiya kwebitumen, yakha ukuzivikela kokuqala komkhiqizo ekwehlulekeni kwesakhiwo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.Uma izici zokugeleza ezimbi (ngokuvamile ukuba ne-viscosity ephezulu) ziholela ekusabalaleni okungalingani kwezinto, ama-micro-voids kanye namaphuzu okugxilisa ukucindezeleka adalwa ngengozi. Lokhu kungapheleli kusebenza njengezindawo zokuqala zokuqhakaza nokwehluleka kwesakhiwo esikhathini esizayo, ngaleyo ndlela kubeke engcupheni ukusebenza kahle kokuvimbela amanzi isikhathi eside kwe-membrane..

B. Izakhiwo Zokunamathela kanye Nokugcinwa Okuhlanganisiwe

Ukuqina kuyisici esiyisisekelo esilawula ukunamathela kanye nekhono lokuhlangana kwe-bitumen. I-bitumen ene-viscosity ephansi kakhulu inenkinga yokuncipha kokuhlangana; izinto ziziphatha njenge-lubricant kune-binder, okuholela ekunamatheleni okungekuhle kokubili kuma-fibre okuqinisa futhi, ngokufanele kuma-cap sheet, ukugcinwa okunganele kwama-aggregates angaphezulu..Ukuqina okulawulekayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi kutholakala amandla adingekayo okuhlanganisa zonke izingxenye ze-membrane ohlelweni oluhlangene nolusebenzayo.

C. Ukuguquguquka Kwezinga Lokushisa Eliphansi (Ukumelana Nokubanda)

I-bitumen ibonisa ubudlelwano obuphambene phakathi kokushisa nokuthamba, okusho ukuthi iyaqina ngokwemvelo futhi ilahlekelwe ukunwebeka esimweni sezulu esibandayo, okungabangela ukuqhekeka futhi ekugcineni kunciphise ukuqina kwayo..Imininingwane yesimanje idinga ukusebenza okuqinile kokuguquguquka kokubanda, okudinga ukuthi ulwelwesi lumelane nokuqhekeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi kuze kufike ku--35~40℃.Lokhu kusebenza kokushisa okuphezulu kuncike kuphela emandleni engxube ye-PMB okugcina ukuguquguquka, okuyisici esitholakala kuphela uma ukwakheka kwengxube—okuqondiswa ukulawulwa okunembile kwe-viscosity ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuxuba—kufana ngokuphelele futhi kuzinze ngamakhemikhali..Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha ukujiya kuyisilinganiso sokusebenza sokuthi umklamo wamakhemikhali ocacisiwe uhumusha ngempumelelo yini eqinisweni elidingekayo elidingwa yizindinganiso zokusebenza.

D. Ukumelana Nokugeleza Kokushisa Okuphezulu (Ukuzinza Kokushisa)

Njengoba amazinga okushisa esevisi ekhuphuka, i-viscosity ye-bitumen iyancipha ngokwemvelo, okunciphisa ngokufanayo ukumelana kwe-membrane ekugelezeni kwamandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuguquguquka..Abakhiqizi bathembele ekucacisweni okunembile kwe-melt viscosity kanye ne-softening point ukuze bachaze ukumelana nokuwa kanye nokuguquguquka. Ukugcina ukulawula okunembile kwe-viscosity ngesikhathi sesigaba sokukhiqiza se-PMB kuqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi ye-polymer yakheke kahle futhi ixhunywe ngokunqamula, kunciphisa ukwehla kwe-viscosity emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu futhi kuvimbele ukuthamba noma ukushelela, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezisebenzisa i-asphalt efakwe ngokushisa.

E. Amandla Okusebenza (Ukuthamba, Ukudabuka, Ukucheba)

Ngenkathi izinto zokuqinisa (i-polyester engalukiwe, i-fiberglass) zinikeza izakhiwo zangaphakathi zemishini ezifana namandla okudonseka, ukunwebeka, kanye nokumelana nokudabuka,Ukusebenza kahle kwala mandla kuncike ekuthembekeni kokubopha okuhlinzekwa yi-bitumen matrix.I-viscosity efanele, eyenza kube lula ukufaka i-impregnation ephelele, ihumusha ngqo kumthamo wokudlulisa umthwalo omkhulu kanye nokunciphisa ukugxilisa ingqondo endaweni, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukuthi i-membrane ihlangabezana nemikhawulo yayo yemishini ecacisiwe..

F. Ukuqina Kwesikhathi Eside kanye Nokusebenza Kokuvimbela Ukungenwa Kwamanzi

Ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity okuqhubekayo kuyisici sokuzivikela esisebenzayo ngokumelene nokwakheka kweziphambeko ezibeka engcupheni impilo yesikhathi eside ye-membrane. Izindlela zokuhlola ezifana ne-Membrane Immersion Test (MIT) zibonisa ngokusobala ukuthi amaphutha okukhiqiza abangelwa ukuhlanganiswa okungafanele.ukujiya kwebitumenziyizinkomba zokuqala ezithembekile zezindlela zokwehluleka kwesikhathi esizayo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuwohloka ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi.

Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa ubudlelwano obuqashelwe phakathi kokulawulwa kwe-viscosity kanye nokusebenza kwe-membrane:

Ithebula 1: Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kokuphambuka Kokugoba Kwebhitumen kanye Nezindlela Zokwehluleka Kwe-Membrane

Ithebula 2: Amapharamitha Okugobeka Okubalulekile kanye Nemiphumela Yokusebenza Ehambisanayo

Ukuguquka Kokulinganiswa Kokuthamba Kwebhitumen

Ukushintsha kusuka ezindleleni zokulawula ikhwalithi zendabuko, ezenziwe ngesandla kuya ekuqapheni okuqhubekayo nokuguquguqukayo kuyadingeka ngenxa yezidingo zesivinini esikhulu kanye nobunzima bezinto zesimanje.umugqa wokukhiqiza ulwelwesi olungangenisi manzi ngebitumen.

Izindlela zokuhlola zendabuko ze-rheological, njengalezo ezisebenzisa i-capillary viscometer noma izivivinyo zendandatho nebhola ezijwayelekile, azifanelekeli ngokwemvelo ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo, okuphezulu. Lezi zindlela zithembele kumasampula okubamba abambezelekile, ahlala isikhathi eside, ahlinzeka ngesithombe somlando sezinto ezibonakalayo kunokuhlakanipha kwenqubo yesikhathi sangempela. Ngenxa yalokho, azikwazi ukulindela noma ukunciphisa ukushintshashintsha kwenqubo okusheshayo okwenzeka ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingagwemeki.

Uhlelo lokuqapha oluqondile lumelela indlela kuphela esebenzayo yobuchwepheshe yokuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo we-asphalt uhlala uthembekile njalo naphezu kokushintshashintsha kwekhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa. Le ndlela yedijithali iletha ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi ehambisana namazinga okukhiqiza anamuhla, okwenza kube lula ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezicini zokusebenza kwe-rheological ezithuthukisiwe.

I-LONNMETERInumugqa PaintI-Viscometer

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa ezithuthukisiwe ezikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuqapha kwe-viscosity enamandla akunakuxoxiswana ngakho ukuze kufezwe ukunemba kokukhiqiza okusezingeni lomhlaba.I-LONNMETER Vibrational Viscometerimele ikhambi eliqinile elenzelwe indawo edingayo yokucubungula i-bitumen eshisayo.

A. Imininingwane Yobuchwepheshe kanye Nezimiso Zokusebenza

Indlela yokusebenza eyisisekelo yesistimu yeLonnmeter isebenzisa izimiso zokudlidliza. Inikeza ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo nokunembile ngokuthola ukushintsha kwemizuzu emvamisa yokudlidliza njengoba i-probe ezinikele idlidliza ngaphakathi komfudlana woketshezi. Lokhu kulinganisa okunamandla kuhumushela ngqo ekufundweni kwe-viscosity yesikhathi sangempela, okuvumela ukulawulwa kwenqubo okungenakuqhathaniswa.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, ihadiwe kumele imelane nokucindezeleka okubolayo nokushisa okungaphakathi ezindaweni ezishisayo ze-bitumen.I-LONNMETER Vibrational ViscometerYakhelwe ngqo ukusebenza njalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, ibekezelela amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-450 ℃ kanye nokucindezela okuphezulu okuvamile kokusebenza kwesitshalo sangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokuzwa ayiphazamisi futhi isebenza ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezihambayo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina, kunciphisa izidingo zokugcinwa, futhi kunikeze ukumelana nokungcola okuvela ezintweni eziqinile ze-polymer. Ukwakhiwa kusebenzisa izinto ezingaqhumi futhi ezilwa nokugqwala, ezibalulekile ekuthembekeni kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni zokuphatha uphethiloli.

B. Izici Zomkhiqizo Ezivumela Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo Eqhubekayo

Ubuchwepheshe bunikeza izici ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza ngokunemba:

Ukunemba Okuphezulu kanye Nedatha Yesikhathi Sangempela:Ukunemba okuphezulu kokufundwa kunikeza idatha ehlanganisiwe, esheshayo ebalulekile ekulungisweni kwenqubo okusheshayo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-viscosity yengxube ihlala igxile kakhulu ngaphakathi kwefasitela elincane eliqondiwe elifika ku-0.5 - 2.0 Pa$\cdot$s.

Ukuguquguquka Kuzo Zonke Izigaba Zokugoba:Ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa bunokuguquguquka ngokwemvelo, bukwazi ukuqapha ngokunembile i-rheology yezinhlobo eziningi zoketshezi oluyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela kumafutha anokuvinjelwa okuncane kanye nama-diluent asetshenziswa ekuphatheni kuya ezingxubeni ezivinjiwe kakhulu, ezihlanganisiwe ze-polymer eziguqulwe nge-pasty.

C. Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Zokunamathelana Enqubweni Yokukhiqiza

Ukufakwa okuqhubekayoukulinganiswa kwe-bitumen viscosityIbhekana nobuthakathaka obuyisisekelo bezimboni. Uhlelo luhlinzeka ngemininingwane edingekayo yokunciphisa ukungahambisani kweqoqo okubangelwa ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezishintshashintshayo, okuvumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo okuzinzisa ikhwalithi yokukhipha i-asphalt kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ukushintshashintsha kokufakwayo.

Ngomongo wokuxubana kwe-PMB, izici ezibalulekile ze-kinetic (ukusika, izinga lokushisa, isikhathi) ezithinta ukuhambisana kwe-polymer ziphathwa ngempumelelo ngokubona umphumela wazo ohlanganisiwe ku-viscosity eguquguqukayo. Lokhu kuvumela opharetha ukuthi bangenelele ngokushesha uma i-polymer ibonisa ukufakwa okubi noma ikhombisa izimpawu zokuqala zokuwohloka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokulinganisa i-viscosity ngokugcwele ku-line, uhlelo luthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza. Luqeda ngokuphelele isidingo samasampula ayingozi okubanjwa ngesandla, lufinyelela inqubo yokulinganisa ukukhishwa kwe-zero, futhi lwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhamba komsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamasu kanye Nezinzuzo Zezezimali ze-Viscometry Eku-inthanethi

Isinqumo sobuchwepheshe sokwamukela ukuqapha kwe-rheological okuqondile kumele sihambisane nohlelo lokusebenzisa isu kanye nokulinganiswa okucacile kwezizathu zomnotho.

A. Ukuhlanganiswa Emigqeni Yokukhiqiza

Ukuze kusetshenziswe kakhulu idatha ye-viscosity enamandla, ukubekwa kwenzwa kumele kube okuhlelekile:

Ukuqinisekiswa Kwesitoreji:Izinzwa kufanele zibekwe emathangini okugcina izinto ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwe-binder yesikhathi eside kanye nokulingana ngaphambi kokufakwa endaweni yokuxuba.

Ukuvumelana Kokufaka:Izindawo zokuqapha ziyadingeka emigqeni yokuphakelayo eholela ku-mixer/reactor ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kokufakwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Ukulinganisa Okusebenzayo:Okubaluleke kakhulu, inzwa kumele ibekwe ngokushesha ngaphambi kwekhanda lokumboza ukuze kulinganiswe okokugcina nokusebenzayoukujiya kwebitumenkuyadingeka ukuze kufakwe kahle umata kanye nokulawula ukujiya kwesendlalelo.

B. Izinzuzo ze-Inline Viscometer ku-Bitumen Applications (Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ROI)

Ukuqaliswa kokuqapha okuqhubekayo okuguquguqukayo kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zokusebenza kanye nezezimali eziqinisekisa imbuyiselo enamandla ekutshalweni kwezimali (i-ROI).

Thuthukisa Ukungaguquguquki Nokuzinza Komkhiqizo

Inzuzo eyinhloko yokusebenza ukwehla okukhulu kokuguquguquka kokukhiqiza kanye nokudalwa okuncishisiwe komkhiqizo ongacacisiwe. Ukunciphisa inani lomkhiqizo ongacacisiwe ngokuqondile kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kabusha okumbalwa, izindleko zokucubungula imfucuza ezincishisiwe, kanye nokuthuthuka okukhulu ekuthembekeni kwenqubo iyonke.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezezimali Nezinsizakusebenza

Ukulawula okuqondile kunikeza ukwengamela okuphezulu, okuvumela ukonga okukhulu kwezindleko ngokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokufaka ezibizayo. Lokhu kufezwa ezindaweni ezimbili ezibalulekile:

Ukonga Kokushintsha/Ukunciphisa:Lobu buchwepheshe buhlinzeka ngokulawula okungcono kwekhwalithi, bufeza ukonga okukhulu ngokulinganisa ngokunembile inani le-diluent ebizayo, i-solvent, noma i-polymer modifier edingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nemininingwane eqondiwe. Lokhu kuthuthukisa kuqeda umkhuba wezimboni womlando wokufaka ngokweqile okokufaka okubizayo njengesivikelo sokuphepha sangaphakathi ngokumelene nokuguquguquka kwe-rheological okungaziwa. Kokuguquliwe kwe-polymerumugqa wokukhiqiza ulwelwesi olungangenisi manzi ngebitumens, ukonga okuphindaphindiwe okutholakala ekulinganisweni okunembile kwezithasiselo ze-polymer ezisekelwe ku-rheology yesikhathi sangempela kuvame ukwedlula ukugwema izindleko okutholakala ngokuvimbela ukwehluleka okukhulu ngezikhathi ezithile, okuqinisekisa i-ROI enhle elinganiswayo nephindaphindayo.

Ukwanda Kokukhiqiza kanye Nokusebenza Kahle Kwemali:Ukuthembeka okunikezwa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuthuthukisiwe kuvumela ukwenziwa ngcono kokuhlela ukusebenza, okuvame ukuholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha yekhwalithi ethembekile inciphisa ukuthembela esitokweni esikhulu, izidingo ezihambisanayo zokufakwa kwempahla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okudingekayo ukuze kuncishiswe amaqoqo angaba khona angekho ku-spec, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko zamandla ahambisanayo, imali, kanye nokugcinwa.

Ithebula 3: Izinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe kanye ne-ROI ye-Inline Vibrational Viscometry

C. Ukuthobela Imithetho kanye Nenzuzo Yokuncintisana

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhathi sangempelaukulinganiswa kwe-bitumen viscosityinikeza abakhiqizi ithuba elikhulu lokuncintisana. Ukuthobela imithetho kushintsha kusuka ku-static pass/fail metric kuya kurekhodi lekhwalithi eliqhubekayo neliqinisekisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa le datha eguquguqukayo, abakhiqizi bangakha ilogi yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi engasuki kuyo yonke imitha eqondile ye-membrane ekhiqizwayo, okwenza kube nokuhambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile. Leli zinga lokucaca okuqinisekiswayo kanye nokuthembeka komkhiqizo kuba yinto ehlukanisayo yokuncintisana lapho kulandelwa amaphrojekthi amakhulu okwakha anemininingwane ephezulu lapho iziqinisekiso zokusebenza zibaluleke kakhulu.

The I-LONNMETER Vibrational Viscometeriqinisekisa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo okuphezulu, ikhulisa ukusebenza kahle, ihlinzeka ngamarekhodi okuthobela imithetho aqinisekisiwe, futhi, ifinyelela ukwehla kwezindleko okulinganiselwe ngokuthuthukisa ngokunembile izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibizayo.Coi-ntact eni-ginama-eers ngoba oi-ptii-mized si-oluisenzos or sugi-gestion of i-measuringi-poiama-nts nge wenar spi-eciinganekwane vulaigundanei-ion ci-ondiizinhlangano.