Ubuningi be-Bentonite Slurry
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokusebenza kwe-slurry
1.1 Ukuhlukaniswa
I-Bentonite, eyaziwa nangokuthi idwala le-bentonite, iyidwala lobumba eliqukethe iphesenti eliphezulu le-montmorillonite, evame ukuqukatha inani elincane le-illite, i-kaolinite, i-zeolite, i-feldspar, i-calcite, njll. I-Bentonite ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-bentonite esekelwe ku-sodium (inhlabathi ye-alkaline), i-bentonite esekelwe ku-calcium (inhlabathi ye-alkaline) kanye nomhlaba we-natural bleaching (inhlabathi ene-acidic). Phakathi kwazo, i-bentonite esekelwe ku-calcium ingahlukaniswa nge-bentonite esekelwe ku-calcium-sodium kanye ne-calcium-magnesium-based, futhi.
1.2 Ukusebenza
1) Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo
I-Bentonite imhlophe futhi iphuzi kancane ngokwemvelo kanti ibonakala nangompunga okhanyayo, opinki okhanyayo, obomvu onsundu, omnyama, njll. I-Bentonite iyahlukahluka ngokuqina ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zomzimba.
2) Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zamakhemikhali ze-bentonite yi-silicon dioxide (SiO2), i-aluminium oxide (Al2O3) kanye namanzi (H2O). Okuqukethwe kwe-iron oxide kanye ne-magnesium oxide nakho kuphakeme ngezinye izikhathi, kanti i-calcium, i-sodium, i-potassium zivame ukuba khona ku-bentonite ngokuqukethwe okuhlukile. Okuqukethwe kwe-Na2O kanye ne-CaO ku-bentonite kwenza umehluko ezimpahleni zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, ngisho nobuchwepheshe benqubo.
3) Izakhiwo Zomzimba Nezamakhemikhali
I-Bentonite ivelele ekuziphatheni kwayo okuhle kakhulu kwe-hygroscopicity, okungukuthi ukwanda ngemva kokumuncwa kwamanzi. Inani lokukhula elihilela ukumuncwa kwamanzi lifinyelela phezulu izikhathi ezingama-30. Ingahlakazeka emanzini ukuze yakhe ukumiswa kwe-colloidal okuqinile, i-thixotropic, futhi igcobe. Iphenduka ibe yi-malleable futhi ibe namathelayo ngemva kokuxubana nemfucumfucu emincane efana namanzi, i-slurry noma isihlabathi. Iyakwazi ukumunca amagesi ahlukahlukene, uketshezi, nezinto eziphilayo, futhi amandla aphezulu okumuncwa angafinyelela isisindo esiphindwe kahlanu. I-surface-active acid bleaching earth ingamunca izinto ezinemibala.
Izakhiwo zomzimba nezekhemikhali ze-bentonite zincike kakhulu ohlotsheni kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-montmorillonite ekuqukethe. Ngokuvamile, i-bentonite esekelwe ku-sodium inezakhiwo zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokusebenza kobuchwepheshe kune-bentonite esekelwe ku-calcium noma i-magnesium.
2. Ukulinganisa Okuqhubekayo kwe-Bentonite Slurry
II-Lonnmeteremugqenibenti-onitei-sli-urryukuminyanaimithakuyi-inthanethiimitha yobuningi be-pulpisetshenziswa njalo ezinqubweni zezimboni. Ubuningi be-slurry bubhekisela esilinganisweni sesisindo se-slurry nesisindo somthamo othile wamanzi. Ubukhulu be-slurry density obulinganiswa endaweni buxhomeke esisindweni esiphelele se-slurry kanye nezicucu ze-drill ku-slurry. Isisindo se-admixtures kufanele sifakwe futhi uma sikhona.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Slurry ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene ze-Geological
Kunzima ukubhoboza imbobo ezingqimbeni zesander, amatshe ayigugu, izingqimba zamatshe amancane kanye nezindawo eziphukile zezakhiwo zokubopha ezincane phakathi kwezinhlayiya. Isihluthulelo senkinga sisekukhuliseni amandla okubopha phakathi kwezinhlayiya, futhi sithatha i-slurry njengesivikelo esivikelayo kulezi zigaba.
3.1 Umphumela Wobuningi Be-Slurry Esivinini Sokubhoboza
Ijubane lokubhoboza liyancipha ngokwanda kobuningi be-slurry. Ijubane lokubhoboza liyancipha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho ubukhulu be-slurry bungaphezu kuka-1.06-1.10 g/cm3Uma i-viscosity ye-slurry iphakeme, isivinini sokubhoboza siyancipha.
3.2 Umphumela Wokuqukethwe Kwesihlabathi Ku-Slurry Ekubhobheni
Okuqukethwe kwemfucumfucu yamatshe odakeni kubeka engcupheni lapho kubholwa, okuholela emigodini ehlanziwe kahle kanye nokubhajwa okulandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabangela ukumuncwa kanye nokuvunguza kwengcindezi, okuholela ekuvuza noma ekuweni komthombo. Okuqukethwe kwesihlabathi kuphezulu futhi inhlabathi embobeni ibanzi. Kubangela ukuthi udonga lwembobo ludilike ngenxa yokufuma kwamanzi, futhi kulula ukubangela ukuthi isikhumba se-slurry siwele futhi sibangele izingozi emgodini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwenhlabathi kubangela ukuguguleka okukhulu kumapayipi, ama-drill bits, imikhono yesilinda sephampu yamanzi, kanye nezinduku zepiston, futhi impilo yazo yenkonzo imfushane. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ibhalansi yengcindezi yokwakheka, ubuningi be-slurry kanye nokuqukethwe kwesihlabathi kufanele kuncishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka.
3.3 Ubuningi be-Slurry enhlabathini ethambile
Ezingqimbeni zenhlabathi ethambile, uma ubuningi be-slurry buphansi kakhulu noma isivinini sokubhoboza sishesha kakhulu, kuzoholela ekuweni kwemigodi. Ngokuvamile kungcono ukugcina ubuningi be-slurry bungu-1.25g/cm3kule ngqimba yomhlabathi.
4. Amafomula Avamile Okudaka
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-slurry kwezobunjiniyela, kodwa zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo ngokuya ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali azo. Indlela yokulinganisa yile elandelayo:
4.1 I-Na-Cmc (i-Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose) I-Slurry
Le slurry iyona slurry evame kakhulu ekhulisa i-viscosity, kanti i-Na-CMC idlala indima ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwe-viscosity kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi. Ifomula yile: 150-200g yobumba lwe-slurry olusezingeni eliphezulu, 1000ml wamanzi, 5-10Kg womlotha wesoda, kanye cishe no-6kg we-Na-CMC. Izakhiwo ze-slurry yilezi: ukuminyana okungu-1.07-1.1 g/cm3, i-viscosity engu-25-35s, ukulahleka kwamanzi okungaphansi kuka-12ml/30min, inani le-pH cishe lingu-9.5.
4.2 Iron Chromium Salt-Na-Cmc Slurry
Le slurry inokuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwe-viscosity kanye nokuqina, kanti usawoti we-iron chromium udlala indima ekuvimbeleni ukugobhoza (ukuncibilika). Ifomula yile: ubumba olungama-200g, amanzi ayi-1000ml, cishe ukwengeza okungu-20% kwesisombululo se-alkali esimsulwa ekugxilweni okungu-50%, ukwengeza okungu-0.5% kwesisombululo sikasawoti se-ferrochromium ekugxilweni okungu-20%, kanye no-0.1% Na-CMC. Izakhiwo ze-slurry yilezi: ubuningi obungu-1.10 g/cm3, i-viscosity engu-25s, ukulahlekelwa amanzi okungu-12ml/30min, i-pH 9.
4.3 I-Lignin Sulfonate Slurry
I-Lignin sulfonate itholakala kuketshezi lwe-sulfite pulp waste futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kanye ne-coal alkali agent ukuxazulula ukulahleka kwe-slurry okulwa nokugobhoza kwamanzi ngokusekelwe ekukhuleni kwe-viscosity. Ifomula iyi-100-200kg yobumba, i-30-40kg ye-sulfite pulp waste liquid, i-10-20kg ye-coal alkali agent, i-5-10kg ye-NaOH, i-5-10kg ye-defoamer, kanye namanzi angu-900-1000L we-slurry engu-1m3. Izakhiwo ze-slurry yilezi: ukuminyana okungu-1.06-1.20 g/cm3, i-funnel viscosity engu-18-40s, ukulahlekelwa amanzi okungu-5-10ml/30min, kanye ne-0.1-0.3kg ye-Na-CMC ingangezwa ngesikhathi sokubhoboza ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamanzi.
4.4 I-Humic Acid Slurry
I-humic acid slurry isebenzisa i-coal alkali agent noma i-sodium humate njengesiqinisi. Ingasetshenziswa kanye nezinye izinto zokwelapha ezifana ne-Na-CMC. Ifomula yokulungiselela i-humic acid slurry ukwengeza i-150-200kg coal alkali agent (isisindo esomile), i-3-5kg Na2CO3, kanye namanzi angu-900-1000L ku-1m3 ye-slurry. Izakhiwo ze-slurry: ukuminyana okungu-1.03-1.20 g/cm3, ukulahleka kwamanzi okungu-4-10ml/30min, i-pH 9.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-12-2025
