Ukulawulwa okunembile kokuhlushwa kokudla kumasekethe e-ball mill kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono amasu okucubungula imayini yethusi kanye nezinye izindlela zokucubungula amaminerali. Kuvele amathuluzi nezindlela eziningana zesimanje zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-ball mill kanye nokwenza ngcono inqubo yokugaya amabhola. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kobuningi be-slurry kubalulekile emishinini yokucubungula amaminerali ukuze kugaywe kahle. Ukulinganisa ubuningi obungaphakathi kwemigodi kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa obuthuthukisiwe njengezinzwa zokudlidliza ezivame kakhulu, izinzwa ze-ceramic ze-ultrasonic, njll.
Ukuqonda Ukugaywa Kwamabhola Ekucutshungulweni Kwamaminerali
Ama-ball mill ayimishini yesisekelo ezitshalweni zokucubungula amaminerali, eklanyelwe ngqo ukufeza ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya ze-ore ukuze kukhishwe futhi kutholakale kahle. Embindini wawo, ama-ball mill ayizitsha ezijikelezayo eziyisilinda, ezigcwele ingxenye yemidiya yokugaya njengebhola lensimbi noma ama-pellet e-ceramic, agaya i-ore ngenhlanganisela yamandla okushaya kanye nokuwa. Le nqubo yokugaya ibalulekile ekukhululweni kwamaminerali, okudingekayo kuzo zonke izindlela zokuzuza ezilandelayo—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuntanta, ukuvuza, noma ukuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi.
Ukuchaza Indima Yama-Ball Mills Ezitshalweni Zokucubungula Amaminerali
Izigayo zebhola zisebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla omshini ukuphula i-ore. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwemidiya yokugaya kanye nosayizi kuthinta ngqo indlela yokuphuka, ukuphuma kwayo, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya. Ukuxhumana phakathi kohlobo lwe-ore, imidiya yokugaya, kanye nesivinini sokugaya kubeka isiteji sokushintsha okuphumelelayo.
Amapharamitha abalulekile okusebenza njengevolumu yokushaja, ukwakheka kwe-liner, kanye nokulayisha kwemidiya kulungiselelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu ekugayweni kanye namazinga okuguguleka ancishisiwe. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela efanele yosayizi webhola kanye nobuningi bemidiya kuthuthukisa kokubili amazinga okukhipha kanye nokukhululwa kwamaminerali, okubalulekile ekucubunguleni ama-ore anzima, asezingeni eliphansi avame ukutholakala ekumbiweni kwethusi.
Ukulawulwa Kokuphakelayo - Usayizi Wokuphakelayo Kwe-Ore kanye ne-Mill Tonnage
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Ama-ball mill liner nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni igobolondo lomshini wokugaya, enza kube lula ukunyakaza kahle kwe-media, futhi asekele amaphethini okugeleza kwezinhlayiya ezifiselekayo. Ukulungiswa njalo kwe-liner kanye ne-media, okusekelwa ukuqapha amazinga okuguguleka kwe-media yokugaya kanye nomphumela womshini wokugaya, kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo kanye nokulawula izindleko.
Ukubaluleka Okubalulekile Kokugaya Amabhola Emisebenzini Yezimayini Zethusi
Ekumbiweni kwethusi, ukugaywa kwebhola kubalulekile. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi i-ore ihlakazeke kahle ngokwanele ukuze amaminerali ethusi ahlukaniswe ne-gangue ezungezile. Njengoba imizimba ye-ore ithambekela emazingeni aphansi kanye nobunzima obandayo, amasu okugaya ibhola kumele azivumelanise nokushintsha kwe-mineralogy, ubulukhuni be-ore, kanye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza.
Iziguli ezine-ore ecebile nge-bornite, isibonelo, zivame ukubona ukugaya okulula kanye namazinga aphezulu okukhululwa, kuyilapho i-ore ecebile nge-chalcopyrite, enobunzima obukhulu, ibeka izinselele zokusebenzisa amandla futhi yandisa isidingo samandla. Amasu okucubungula imayini yethusi athuthukile manje agcizelela imiklamo ekhethekile ye-ball mill kanye nokukhethwa kwemidiya eyenzelwe wena ukuze kwandiswe ukululama nokunciphisa ukugaya ngokweqile, kuncishiswe izindleko zamandla kanye nokulahlekelwa ngamaminerali. Ukugcinwa njalo—ikakhulukazi eduze kwe-mill liner kanye nokuphathwa kwemidiya yokugaya—kusekela kakhulu ukuthembeka kokusebenza kanye nokusimama komnotho.
Ukubuka Konke Kokulawulwa Kokuhlushwa Kokudla kanye Nokusebenza Kahle Kokugaya
Ukuhlushwa kokudla—isilinganiso sezinto eziqinile ku-slurry ezilethwa emshinini wokugaya ibhola—kuyinguquko ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Okuqukethwe okuqinile okuphezulu kakhulu kwandisa ukuthamba kwe-slurry, okubangela ukuxubana okubi kanye nokudonsa amandla ngokweqile, kuyilapho okuphansi kakhulu kuvimbela ukuphuma futhi kunciphisa amazinga okuphuka. Ukulawula okunembile izinga lokuphakelwa kanye nokuhlushwa kwenza abaqhubi bakwazi ukugcina ukuphuka kwezinhlayiya okuhle kakhulu, banciphise ukulahlekelwa yi-torque, futhi bonge amandla.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ubuningi be-inline ngesikhathi sangempela, kufaka phakathi amadivayisi e-ultrasonic angewona enuzi njenge-Lonnmeter, busetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqapha izakhiwo ze-slurry nokunikeza impendulo esheshayo yokulungiswa kwenqubo. Lobu buchwepheshe busekela ukulawula okuguquguqukayo, buqinisa ukusebenza kwemishini futhi buthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokugaya. Ngokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokulawula ukudla nokulinganisa ubuningi be-inline okuthuthukisiwe, izitshalo zokucubungula amaminerali zithola ikhwalithi ephezulu yomkhiqizo kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi ekukhishweni kwezethusi kanye neminye imisebenzi yokukhulula amaminerali.
Ngamafuphi, ukusebenza kwe-ball mill, ukukhetha kanye nokuguguleka kwe-grinding media, ukulungiswa kwe-liner, kanye nokulawula ukuhlushwa kokudla ndawonye kunquma ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela zokucubungula amaminerali. Lawa masu asekela ukusebenza kahle kwe-ball milling ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu njengezimayini zethusi zanamuhla, lapho imishini kanye nokwenza ngcono izinqubo kubalulekile ekubuyiselweni kwamaminerali okusimeme futhi okungabizi kakhulu.
Imidiya Yokugaya: Ukukhetha, Ukusebenza, kanye Nokugqokwa
Ukusebenza kwe-ball mill ekucubungulweni kwamaminerali, ikakhulukazi ekukhishweni kwe-copper, kuncike kakhulu ekukhetheni nasekuthuthukiseni i-grinding media. Ukukhetha i-media efanele akuthinti nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kanye nokukhululwa kwamaminerali kodwa futhi nomnotho wokusebenza kanye nobude besikhathi semishini.
Izinhlobo Zemidiya Yokugaya Esetshenziswa Ema-Ball Mills Emigodini Yamaminerali
Ama-ball mill asebenzisa imidiya yokugaya eyahlukahlukene, ngohlobo oluthile olukhethiwe ngokusekelwe ezicini ze-ore, usayizi wokugaya odingekayo, kanye nomklamo wesekethe. Izigaba ezivelele zifaka:
Amabhola Ensimbi Ahlanganisiwe:Njengoba idunyiswa ngamandla aphezulu okusebenza kanye nokumelana okuphezulu nokuphuka, amabhola ensimbi ahlanganisiwe avame ukusetshenziswa emasu okucubungula imayini yethusi. Abonisa izakhiwo ezifiselekayo kokubili ekugayweni okumanzi nokomile, ahlinzeka ngokuphuka kwezinhlayiya njalo kanye namazinga aphansi okuguguleka kwemidiya.
Amabhola Ensimbi Ebunjiwe (Insimbi Ene-Chrome Ephezulu Nejwayelekile):Amabhola ahlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-chrome ephezulu, anikeza ukumelana okukhulu kokuguguleka, okwenza afaneleke kahle ezindleleni zokucubungula amaminerali agugulekayo. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zawo zokukhiqiza eziphakeme kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okungenzeka kwezinye izifunda zethusi kungathinta ezomnotho zemidiya kanye nemiphumela yokuntanta.
Imidiya ye-Ceramic (i-Alumina ne-Zirconia):Isetshenziswa ekugayweni kabusha noma ekusetshenzisweni okukhethekile okudinga ukugaya okuncane kakhulu kanye nokungcola okuncane. Izinzuzo zazo zifaka phakathi ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokungcola okuncane kwenqubo, kodwa izindleko eziphakeme kanye nokuqina okuphansi kokuqhekeka kuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwazo ekugayweni okukhulu kwethusi.
Ama-Cylpebs nama-Rods:Lezi zindlela ngezinye izikhathi zikhethwa ngobukhulu obuthile bokugaya noma amasekethe ahlanganisiwe. Isimo sazo esiyingqayizivele sithonya amandla okuxhumana kanye namaphethini okuphuka, okuwusizo kwezinye izimo zokukhululwa kwamaminerali.
Umthelela Wosayizi Wemidiya, Ijiyometri, kanye Nobuningi Ekusebenzeni Kokugaya Nokukhululwa Kwezimbiwa
Izici zemidiya zithonya kakhulu ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo yokugaya ibhola kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhululwa kwamaminerali abalulekile:
Ukwehliswa kosayizi:Ukusebenzisa ingxube yamabhola amakhulu namancane kuqinisekisa ukuphuka kwezinhlayiya eziqinile kanye nokugaywa kahle. Amabhola amakhulu anikeza amandla aphezulu okushaya, abalulekile ekuphuleni izingcezu ezinkulu ze-ore, kuyilapho amabhola amancane ethuthukisa ukukhululwa kwezimbiwa ezincane.
Ijiyometri Nokuma:Imidiya eyindilinga inikeza ukusatshalaliswa komthwalo okufanayo, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokugaya okuphezulu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenyana ezincane eziqondiwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimo ezihlukile (isb., ama-cylpebs) zilungisa iphrofayili yokuxhumana, ngezinye izikhathi zisiza ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-ore noma osayizi bomkhiqizo ofiselekayo.
Ubuningi:Ubuningi bemidiya bunquma ukudluliselwa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokushayisana. Imidiya enobukhulu obuphansi ibonise ukukhululeka okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla ekusetshenzisweni kokugaya kabusha okuhle, kuyilapho izinketho zobuningi obuphezulu zikhethwa kakhulu kumasekethe okugaya aqinile anomthamo ophezulu.
Isibonelo:Ku-IsaMill regrind circuit, ukusebenzisa amabhola e-ceramic aphansi ahlanganiswe nosayizi wemidiya eguquguqukayo kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile kanye nokukhululwa okuthuthukisiwe kokuntanta okulandelayo.
Imiphumela Yezomnotho Neyokusebenza Yokukhetha Okuhle Kakhulu Kwemidiya Yokugaya
Imiphumela yezomnotho yokukhetha imidiya yokugaya ithinta kakhulu amasu okucubungula imayini yethusi:
Izindleko Zokusetshenziswa Kwemidiya:Izinga lokuguguleka kwemidiya lisho ngqo imvamisa yokushintsha kanye nokuthengwa kwezindleko. Ukuthuthukisa uhlobo lwezinto, usayizi, kanye nokwenyuka kwazo kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa konyaka ngo-10-15%.
Ukusebenza Kahle Kokugaya Nokusetshenziswa Kwamandla:Ukukhetha kahle kuthuthukisa umkhiqizo futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile, okuhumusha kube yizinyathelo ezincane zemvelo kanye nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwe-bottom line.
Imiphumela Yokucubungula Ezansi:Ukwakheka kwemidiya kungathinta i-chemistry engaphezulu kwamaminerali, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza kahle kokuntanta noma ukuvuza okulandelayo. Ukukhetha okungalungile kungadinga ukwanda komthamo we-reagent noma kuholele ekungcoleni komkhiqizo okungafuneki.
Isikhathi Eside Semishini Yokugaya:Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-grinding media kanye ne-ball mill liner kuthonya imijikelezo yokulungisa. I-media enezinga eliphansi lokuguguleka kanye nokuphuka kwayo ivikela impilo ye-liner, inciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingahleliwe kanye nokulahlekelwa komkhiqizo okuhambisanayo.
Isibonelo:Imisebenzi esebenzisa uhlelo lweLonnmeter kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kubonise ukuthuthukiswa okuthuthukisiwe ekukhetheni imidiya, okuletha ukusebenza kahle kokugaya i-ball mill kanye nezinhlelo zokufaka esikhundleni semidiya ezingabikezelwa kalula.
Ukukhetha okunesu kanye nokuphathwa kwemidiya yokugaya ekugayweni kwebhola ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali kubalulekile ekukhuliseni ukubuyiswa, ukusekela umkhiqizo, kanye nokulawula izindleko kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani lokucubungula amaminerali ezimbonini.
Ukusikwa Kwebhola Lemayini Yethusi: Izici Zensimbi Eyigugu Nokulawulwa Kokuphakelayo
I-ore yethusi yamasekethe e-ball mill ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-oxide ne-sulfide. Ngayinye idinga izindlela ezihlukile zokucubungula amaminerali kanye namasu okudla kwe-ball mill ngenxa yomehluko oyisisekelo we-mineralological kanye nowe-physical.
Ama-ore e-oxide, njenge-malachite ne-azurite, akhiwa kakhulu ngethusi elihlanganiswe nomoya-mpilo. Lawa ma-ore athambile, okwenza kube lula ukuwachoboza nokuwagaya. Emakhonweni okucubungula imayini yethusi, ama-ore e-oxide ngokuvamile adinga ukugaya okuncane ngaphambi kokukhipha i-acid - i-acid leaching iyindlela ejwayelekile yokucubungula amaminerali, ethola inzuzo ekuncibilikeni kwawo ngokwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-ball mill ye-oxide ore kuvame ukuhlose ubukhulu bokugaya obukhulu, ukunciphisa ukufakwa kwamandla kanye nokuguguleka kwemidiya yokugaya. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokugaya ibhola lapha kubeka phambili umkhiqizo ngenkathi kuhloswe ngobukhulu bezinhlayiya ezilinganisela ukukhululwa nokusebenza kahle kwe-leach.
Ama-ore e-sulfide, njenge-chalcopyrite ne-bornite, akha amaminerali ethusi ahlanganiswe ne-sulfur. Lawa ma-ore avame ukuba nzima futhi angasabeli kangako ekukhucululweni kwe-acid ngqo, okudinga ukugaya kahle ezindaweni zokugaya ukuze kutholakale inkululeko eyanele yokukhipha ithusi elisekelwe ekuntanteni. I-ore ye-sulfide yokugaya idinga usayizi wokudla ocolekileyo, okusho ukuthi kusetshenziswe amandla amaningi kanye nokunaka okwengeziwe ekukhetheni izinhlobo zemidiya yokugaya ezifanele kanye nokusetshenziswa. Amabhola ensimbi akhiwe avame ukuthandwa kakhulu kuma-ore e-sulfide ngenxa yokuqina kwawo ngaphansi kwezimo ezigugile kakhulu, ezibolayo, kuyilapho amabhola e-chromium cast angasetshenziswa emigomweni ethile yokusebenza naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme. Isidingo sama-liners e-ball mill asebenzayo kanye nokugcinwa njalo sikhula futhi ngesimo sokukhuhla kwama-feed e-sulfide.
I-mineralology ye-ore ezimayini ezinkulu zethusi ezivulekile ayivamile ukuguquguquka. Amadiphozithi amaningi abonisa izindawo ezixubile ze-oxide-sulfide, ikakhulukazi ekushintsheni phakathi kwe-ore egugile neyokuqala. Ukuphatha lokhu kuhlukahluka kubalulekile ekuphekeni kwe-ball mill okuqhubekayo kanye nokusebenza kwesitshalo okuzinzile. Ukuhlukahluka okuqhubekayo kwe-mineral kungashintsha izinga lokuguguleka kwemidiya yokugaya elifanele, kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yokucubungula amaminerali, futhi kushintshe izidingo zokugaya ibhola ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali. Isibonelo, ukuxuba imifudlana evela emabhentshini ahlukene noma kuma-buffers ezindawo ze-ore kudla ukuhlukahluka, kuyilapho amamodeli e-thermodynamic (imidwebo ye-Eh-pH) esekela ukukhethwa kwesu eliguquguqukayo lokubuyiselwa kwethusi okuthuthukisiwe ekudleni okuxubile kwamaminerali. Kwezinye izimo, ukucubungula imifudlana exubile kunokuyihlukanisa kuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwe-galvanic, kukhulisa amazinga okuncibilika kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokukhipha noma ukuntanta.
Ukwelashwa kusengaphambili kwe-ore ye-sulfide nge-microwave kusanda kubonakala kushintsha izici zokuphuka kwe-ore, okuholela ekusakazweni komkhiqizo okunzima kanye nokuma kwezinhlayiya ezinde. Lokhu kuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokugaya i-ball mill futhi kungase kusekele ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo engezansi—njengokuntanta okuthuthukisiwe—okusho ukuthi ukulungiswa kwe-ore kuqala kubaluleke kakhulu kumasu okulawula okuphakelayo okuthuthukisiwe.
Izinto zokugcina ukudla okusanhlamvu okuhambisanayo kuqala ebusweni bemayini. Ukuphathwa kwenqwaba kubalulekile, kusebenza njengesivikelo phakathi kokukhishwa kwemigodi eguquguqukayo kanye nokudla okuzinzile okudingeka yizigayo zebhola. Izingobo zangaphambi kokuchoboza kanye nezingobo zangaphambi kokuchoboza zenzelwe hhayi nje ukugcina i-ore kodwa futhi nokwenza kube lula ukuxuba kusuka emithonjeni eminingi, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwansuku zonke kanye nokushintshashintsha. Ukwakhiwa nokubuyiswa kwenqwaba ngokucophelela kuqinisekisa ukuxuba okufanayo, ukunciphisa ukushintshashintsha kwebanga kanye nokunikeza ukwakheka kweminerali okuhambisanayo kwisekethe yokugaya.
Ukwakheka kwe-feeder kuthinta kakhulu ukuhambisana kokudla kanye nokusebenza kwe-ball mill. Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu emigodi evulekile, ama-feeder kumele afake ububanzi obukhulu bobukhulu bezingcezu ze-ore kanye nobuningi obukhulu. Ukuhlanganisa ukulinganisa okunembile kobuningi be-inline—kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezifana ne-Lonnmeter—ekhanda le-feeder kwenza kube nokuqapha nokulawula ngesikhathi sangempela ubuningi be-ore feed, kusekela izimo zokugaya ezifanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Izinhlelo ze-feeder ezinokwethenjelwa zilwa nokwanda noma ukuvinjelwa, ziqinise ukulethwa kwe-ore kusekethe lokugaya ibhola.
Sekukonke, ukugaya ibhola lemayini yethusi okuphumelelayo kuncike ekuhleleni ukulawulwa kokudla kube yi-mineralology ye-ore, ukuhlanganisa ngenkuthalo nokuhlanganisa imithombo eguquguqukayo, kanye nokusebenzisa izinto eziqinile—kusukela ezinqolobaneni kuya eziphakelini—ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka. Lokhu kuveza ukukhululwa kwamaminerali okuphumelelayo, ukubuyiselwa kwethusi okukhulu, kanye nokusebenza okusimeme ezindaweni zokumba eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Amasu Namathuluzi Okulawula Ukuhlushwa Kokudla
Ukulinganisa Okuqondile: Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinzwa Nobukhulu Bezinhlayiyana
Abaqhubi bathembele kuma-sensor ukuze bahlole ngesikhathi sangempela izakhiwo ze-slurry kanye ne-feed. Ama-throughput sensors aqapha ukugeleza kwesisindo, kuyilapho izinhlelo zokuhlaziya usayizi wezinhlayiya zokuphakelayo—ezivame ukufakwa kuma-belt conveyors noma kuma-feed hoppers—ziletha idatha ye-granularity esheshayo yezinhlobo zemidiya yokugaya kanye nezinqumo zokusetshenziswa. Izindlela zokuthatha amasampula eziqondile, ezihlanganiswe nabahlaziyi bosayizi wezinhlayiya, zivumela ukunqunywa okuqhubekayo kobuncane bokuphakelayo kwe-mill, okuguquguqukayo okubalulekile ekugayweni kwebhola ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali kanye nokusebenza kahle kokugaya kwe-ball mill.
Ukulinganiswa Kobuningi Be-Inline: Ubuchwepheshe Nezinzuzo
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kobuningi be-slurry kubalulekile emishinini yokucubungula amaminerali ukuze kugaywe kahle. Ukulinganisa ubuningi be-inline ekumbeni kusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa obuthuthukisiwe njengezinzwa zokudlidliza ezivame kakhulu, izinzwa ze-ceramic ezisekelwe ku-ultrasonic spectroscopy, kanye ne-applied current magnetic induction tomography (AC-MIT).
- Izinzwa zokudlidliza ezivame kakhulubona izinguquko eziqondile ekubuneni kwe-slurry kanye ne-viscosity, ngezici zokuzihlanza ezinciphisa ukungcola kanye nokugcinwa.
- Izinzwa ze-ceramic ultrasoniczinikeza ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokulinganisa okungenamatheli, ezifanele izindawo ezinzima zokugaya ibhola. Zinikeza ukusebenza okungenamatheli kanye nomthamo ophezulu, zisekela ama-liners okugaya ibhola kanye nezinqubo zokulungisa.
- Izinzwa ze-AC-MITvumela ukulinganisa okungathintani, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kanye nokuguguleka kwezinhlelo zokujikeleza kwegazi okuqhubekayo.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokulinganisa ubuningi obungaphakathi kwe-inline zifaka:
- Ukuphathwa okunembile kwesikhathi sangempela kobuningi be-pulp, okubalulekile ekukhishweni nasekugayweni kahle kwethusi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle ngokusebenzisa impendulo yesikhathi sangempela, kunciphisa amaphutha abantu kanye nokuthembela ekuthathweni kwamasampula elebhu.
- Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ethuthukisiwe ngokulawula okuqondile okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile, ubuningi be-slurry, kanye nesilinganiso sokuguguleka kwemidiya yokugaya.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ubuningi obungaphakathi, njengalezo ezichazwe ku-Inline Density Monitoring for Ball Mills, kuvumela ukulawulwa kobuningi be-pulp okunembile, okuzenzakalelayo, ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokucubungula amaminerali kanye nokuqina kwenqubo.
Ukulinganisela Ukwengezwa Kwamanzi, Ubuningi Be-Slurry, kanye Nokuqukethwe Kwezinto Eziqinile
Ukwengezwa kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu ekugayweni kwebhola kusungula ubuningi be-slurry obuhle kakhulu bokusebenza kahle kokugaya. Izifundo zezimboni zibonisa ukuthi ukulawula izilinganiso zamanzi, ukudla okuqinile, kanye nohlobo lwemidiya yokugaya akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphuma kwamandla kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla athile. Amamodeli e-Response surface methodology (RSM) aqinisekisa imiphumela enamandla yokwengeza amanzi kanye namazinga okugcwalisa imidiya ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kanye nokusebenza kwenqubo.
Amathuluzi okulinganisa anamandla, njenge-inline density probes kanye nezinzwa zosayizi wezinhlayiya, aqinisekisa ukuthi ubuningi be-pulp buhlala ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele lamasu okucubungula imayini yethusi. Ukulungiswa kokwengezwa kwamanzi kuthinta ngqo i-slurry viscosity, ukusebenzisana kwemidiya yokugaya, kanye namazinga okukhululwa kwe-ore.
Izinhlelo Zokulawula Ezizenzakalelayo kanye Nezihibe Zempendulo
Izigayo zebhola zanamuhla zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokulawula ezenzakalelayo ukulawula ukuhlushwa kokudla. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa izihibe zempendulo ezisekelwe ezinzwa ukuphatha amazinga okuphakelayo, ubuningi be-slurry, kanye nokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela. Isibonelo, izinzwa zokushisa ezindaweni zokungena zemishini ziqondisa ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso sokuphakelayo, zigcina umswakama wokuxubana okuluhlaza ngaphansi kwemingcele ebalulekile.
Amakhompyutha namakhamera ezimboni angase angeze okokufaka kwezinzwa ukuze kuqashwe ngokuphelele, okuvumela ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo ekuphenduleni ukuhlukahluka kwezici zokudla noma umthwalo womshini wokugaya. Le ndlela yokuphendula eguquguqukayo inciphisa ukuthembela komqhubi, inciphisa ukuhlukahluka, futhi yandisa ukukhishwa kokucubungula ithusi. Izifundo zezemfundo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo ezinjalo zithuthukisa ukuzinza kwenqubo kanye nokusebenza kahle komshini wokugaya.
Umthelela Wokulawulwa Kwenqubo Okuthuthukisiwe Ekusebenzeni Kahle Nokusetshenziswa Kwamandla
Izinhlelo zokulawula inqubo ethuthukisiwe (i-APC) zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlanganisiwe nezizenzakalelayo ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi ekugayweni kwebhola. Izifundo zasensimini ngamasu okucubungula imayini yethusi ziqopha ukuthuthuka kokusetshenziswa kwamandla—njengokwenyuka kusuka ku-541 kuya ku-571 tph—lapho i-APC isebenza. Ukuguquguquka kobuningi be-pulp kuyehla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla athile kwehla ngaphezu kuka-5%.
I-APC ithuthukisa amapharamitha okugaya njengokugxila okuqinile, umthwalo wokugaya, isikhathi sokugaya, kanye nesivinini sokuxuba. Lokhu kulawula kuthuthukisa ukugaya ibhola ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali, kunciphisa amazinga okuguguleka, futhi kusiza ekubikezeleni ama-ball mill liners kanye nokuhlela ukulungiswa. Ukuqina kwenqubo kuyaqina, kuhambisana nemigomo yemboni yokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kanye nezilinganiso zemvelo ezithuthukisiwe.
Ngamafuphi, inhlanganisela yezilinganiso eziqondile, ukuqapha ubuningi obungaphakathi, ukulawulwa kwe-slurry okunamandla, impendulo ezenzakalelayo, kanye namathuluzi okulawula inqubo athuthukile ndawonye kusungula isisekelo sokulawulwa kokudla kwebhola okusebenzayo, okubikezelwayo, nokuqhubekayo ezitshalweni zesimanje zokucubungula amaminerali.
Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Ekwakhiweni Kwe-Ball Mill kanye Nokwenza Kahle Amandla
Intuthuko Yesakhiwo Sokunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Ekugayeni I-Copper Ore
Intuthuko ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-ball mill yamasu okucubungula imayini yethusi igxile ezicini zesakhiwo ezinciphisa izidingo zamandla. Intuthuko ephawulekayo ifaka phakathi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokushayela ezisebenzayo, ama-liners athuthukisiwe, kanye nemiklamo yegobolondo elungiselelwe.
Izinhlelo zokushayela ezisebenzayo, njenge-Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs), ziya ngokuya zamukelwa ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwamandla aphezulu kanye nekhono lokuqalisa kalula. Ama-PMSM anegalelo ezinkampanini ezintsha ezisafufusa, ukuncipha kwesidingo samandla esiphezulu, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezimoto, okuholela ekunciphiseni izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-ore okuhlala njalo. Imiklamo yegobolondo ethuthukisiwe, efaka izinto ezithuthukisiwe kanye namajiyometri, inciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi nokunyakaza futhi ivumela ukuxubana nokugaya i-ore okuphumelelayo.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Liner budlala indima ebalulekile. Intuthuko ezintweni ze-liner—njengeziklamo zerabha ezingagugi kanye nezinhlanganisela—inciphisa izinga lokuguguleka kwemidiya yokugaya, inciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwama-liner e-ball mill kanye nokugcinwa kwawo. Ama-engeli obuso be-lifter alungiselelwe, aqinisekiswe yi-discrete element method (DEM) simulations kanye nezilingo zangempela, ibhalansi ye-ore lift kanye nobude be-trajectory ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-comminution ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuguguleka kwe-liner. Ukulungisa i-geometry ye-lifter kuphela kungabangela ukunciphisa amandla kufikela ku-6%, okuhambisana nokonga amandla okubanzi.
Sekukonke, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokugaya ibhola obunga amandla kufinyelela ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okufika ku-15-30%. Lokhu kutholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zangaphakathi zokugaya ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokudluliselwa kwamandla okuphumelelayo kakhulu ku-ore yethusi ngesikhathi senqubo yokugaya.
Umshini Wokugaya Amabhola
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Izinhlelo Zokulawula Zokuhlanganiswa Kwesivinini Sesigayo, Umthwalo, kanye Nokugaya Isekethe
Izinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukisiwe zivumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwesikhathi sangempela kwamapharamitha okusebenza abalulekile ekugayweni kwebhola, okuhlanganisa isivinini sokugaya, umthwalo webhola, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamasekethe okugaya. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa amapulatifomu afana ne-Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) kanye ne-Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), okunikeza opharetha ukuqapha okunamandla kanye nokungenelela okuzenzakalelayo.
Isibonelo, izixazululo zokulawula inqubo ethuthukisiwe (i-APC) zigcina isivinini sokugaya esifanele kanye nezinhloso zosayizi wokugaya ezinembile, zisebenzisa impendulo yesikhathi sangempela evela ekulinganisweni kobuningi obuphakathi kanye nezinkomba zesimo sesekethe. Ukushaja kwemidiya okuzenzakalelayo kulungisa ivolumu kanye nohlobo lwemidiya yokugaya, kuvimbele izehlakalo zokushaja ngaphansi noma ngokweqile ezingathinta kabi ukusebenza kahle kokugaya futhi kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlelo kuxhumanisa umshini wokugaya ibhola nemishini yokucubungula amaminerali ephezulu nephansi, okwenza kube lula ukwenza ngcono inqubo. Izinguquko ekudleni kwe-ore yethusi noma ekusebenzeni kwesekethe zikhuthaza izimpendulo zokulawula ezisheshayo ezigcina ukusebenza kahle, ziqinise usayizi womkhiqizo, futhi zinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Izinzuzo Zezemvelo Nezomnotho Ezivela Ekugayweni Kwebhola Okulungiselelwe Amandla
Ukwamukelwa kokugaya ibhola okwenziwa ngcono ngamandla ezindleleni zokucubungula amaminerali kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zemvelo nezezimali. Ukusetshenziswa kukagesi okuncishisiwe kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza, okungamelela ingxenye enkulu yezindleko eziphelele zemayini yethusi. Ezitshalweni ezisebenzisa imishini eminingi yokugaya, ukonga okuhlanganisiwe okuvela emiklamo eyonga amandla kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula kubalulekile.
Ngokwemvelo, isidingo samandla esiphansi sinciphisa ngqo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okuhambisana nemigomo yokulawula kanye neyokuzithandela yokuzinza. Isibonelo, ukusebenza kahle kwesekethe yokugaya okuthuthukisiwe kunciphisa isidingo sezinqubo ezidinga amandla amaningi ezansi ekukhishweni kwethusi. Amazinga omsindo kanye nokungcola kokugcoba, izinkinga eziqhubekayo ezigayweni zendabuko, nakho kuncipha ngokusetshenziswa kwama-drive athuthukile kanye nama-liners alungiselelwe.
Izindlela ezintsha zokucubungula njengezinhlelo zokukhipha i-grate zandisa ukugeleza kwe-ore futhi zithuthukise ukugaya ibhola ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali ngenkathi kunciphisa ukugaya ngokweqile—isici esibalulekile ekwandiseni ukubuyiswa kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza.Ukulinganiswa kobuningi obuphakathiekuvubukuleni kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwenqubo, kusekela ukonga amandla okuqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinsizakusebenza.
Umphumela ohlanganisiwe uwukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kokubili ekuphileni kahle kwezomnotho kanye nephrofayili yokuzinza kwemisebenzi yokugaya i-ore yethusi.
Ukulinganisela Ukukhululwa Kwezimbiwa kanye Nengozi Yokugaya Ngokweqile
Ukuhlushwa kokudla kuhlobene ngqo nokusebenza kahle kokukhululwa kwamaminerali kumasu okucubungula imayini yethusi. Ekusebenzeni komshini wokugaya ibhola, ukuhlushwa okuqinile okukhethwe kahle ekudleni komshini kungasheshisa amazinga okuphuka futhi kuthuthukise ukukhululwa ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungadingekile. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi, ukuze kwenziwe ngcono inqubo yokugaya ibhola, ukuhlushwa kokudla okuphezulu kakhulu kuholela ekuhlanganiseni kwezinhlayiya, kuvimbele ukukhululwa kanye nokusebenza kahle kokugaya. Uma kuhlushwa okuphansi, ukuphuka akusebenza kahle, futhi ukukhululeka kungaba khona, okubonisa ukuthi kudingeka ibhalansi ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle.
Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kokugxilisa Ukudla, Imidiya Yokugaya, kanye Nokusebenza Kahle Kokukhulula
Uhlobo kanye nosayizi wemidiya yokugaya kuthinta kakhulu ukukhululwa ezindleleni zokucubungula amaminerali. Amabhola ensimbi avamile kodwa angakhuthaza ukubola komphezulu, asize ukuntanta kwamaminerali njenge-pyrite futhi anciphise ukuntanta kwamaminerali ethusi njenge-chalcopyrite. Imidiya ye-nano-ceramic, ngokuphambene, ivame ukukhuthaza ukumuncwa okukhethekile kwabaqoqi be-xanthate, ithuthukise ukukhululwa kwe-chalcopyrite kanye nokululama okulandelayo. Ubufakazi bokuhlola obusebenzisa i-scanning electron microscopy kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-flotation buqinisekisa le miphumela ye-chemistry yomphezulu encike kumidiya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwemidiya kanye namazinga okugcwalisa imishini kuthinta i-kinetics yokugaya kanye nokudluliselwa kwamandla. Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wemidiya ocolekile ngokuvamile kuveza amazinga aphezulu okukhululwa kodwa kungandisa nengozi yokugaya ngokweqile uma kungaphathwa ngokucophelela. Izinga lokuguguleka kwemidiya, ama-ball mill liner kanye nokugcinwa kwayo, kanye nokulayisha imishini kumele kuhlolwe ngokuphelele ukuze kuthuthukiswe indawo yokugaya efanele yokukhishwa kwethusi.
Amasu Okunciphisa Ukugaya Okudlulele: Ukuthuthukisa Isikhathi Sokuhlala kanye Nokuhlanganiswa Kwemidiya
Ukugaya ngokweqile—ukunciphisa amaminerali ayigugu abe yizinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu—kwehlisa ukusebenza kahle kokuntanta kanye nekhwalithi yokugxila. Ukuze kuvinjelwe lokhu, ukusatshalaliswa kwesikhathi sokuhlala (RTD) ngaphakathi kwe-ball mill kumele kwenziwe ngcono. Empeleni, izindlela zokulandelela kanye namamodeli e-RTD (ama-reactor e-N-series) kuvumela ukuqapha okunembile kwezikhathi zokuhlala eziphakathi. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi izikhathi zokuhlala ezisukela kumaminithi angu-1.7 kuya kwangu-8.3 ezigayweni zebhola zezimboni zivumela inkululeko engcono kakhulu ngaphandle kokunciphisa kakhulu.
Ingxube yemidiya eyenzelwe wena ibhekana nokukhululwa kanye nengozi yokugaya ngokweqile. Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinhlobo nosayizi bemidiya, okusekelwe yi-mineralology ye-ore kanye nosayizi wokugaya okuqondiwe, kuveza ubuncane bomkhiqizo obuhle kakhulu futhi kuthuthukisa ukukhululwa kwamaminerali. Isibonelo, ukuxuba imidiya yensimbi neye-ceramic, noma ukushintshashintsha kokusabalalisa usayizi wamabhola ngokusekelwe ekubumbeni kwe-kinetic, kulungisa iphrofayili yokuphuka, kunciphisa ukuvela kwezinhlawulo ezingabangela ukumbozwa kwe-slime kanye nokukhetha okubi kokuntanta.
Ukulinganiswa kobuningi obuqondile ekumbeni, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi anjengeLonnmeter, kunikeza impendulo yesikhathi sangempela ekugxilweni kokudla komshini wokugaya. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukulungiswa kokusebenza okusheshayo, kugcina indawo yokugaya ehambisanayo efanele ukukhululwa kwamaminerali futhi kunciphise izikhathi zengozi ephezulu yokugaya ngokweqile. Izinzuzo zokulinganisa ubuningi obuqondile zifinyelela ekusebenzeni kahle kokugaya okuzinzile kwemishini yokugaya kanye nekhwalithi yokugxila ephindaphindwayo.
Imiphumela Ekubuyiselweni Kwethusi Okuphansi kanye Nekhwalithi Yokugxilisa
Ukukhululwa okuhle kakhulu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuthola kabusha ithusi eliphezulu kanye nezinga lokugxila. Uma ukugaywa kwebhola ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali kulinganiswa kahle, amaminerali ethusi akhululiwe alula ukuhlukaniswa ngokuntanta, okuthuthukisa amazinga okubuyisa. Izifundo ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukugaya kabusha okufushane kanye nokukhetha kwemidiya ekhethiwe kuthuthukisa inkululeko yamaminerali ethusi kusuka ku-gangue, okuzuzisa ngqo ukukhetha kokuntanta kanye nobumsulwa bokugxila.
Kodwa-ke, ukwehla ngokweqile kosayizi ngenxa yokugaya ngokweqile kudala izingxenyana ezincane kakhulu ezivame ukuhlangana kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-slime. Lezi zinhlawulo kunzima kakhulu ukuzibuyisa ngempumelelo lapho zintanta, zinganciphisa amazinga okugxila kwethusi, futhi zingakhuphula amaminerali e-gangue angafuneki ngenxa yokukhetha okungalungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga aphezulu okuguguleka kwemidiya yokugaya ezigayweni ezigcwaliswe ngokweqile enza izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kube kubi kakhulu.
Ngokuhlanganisa ukuhlushwa kokudla okulawulwayo, isikhathi sokuhlala esilungiselelwe, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemidiya yokugaya okunesu, ukusebenza kahle kokugaya i-ball mill kwandiswa kakhulu. Le ndlela inikeza amaminerali ethusi akhululiwe ngokuthembekile, amazinga aphezulu okukhipha, kanye nekhwalithi yokugxila eqhubekayo, ehambisana nemikhuba emihle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini yokucubungula amaminerali kanye namasu okucubungula imayini yethusi.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinqubo Zezimayini Zethusi: Abashayeli Bezomnotho Nokusebenza Kahle
Izindleko zokusebenza ekucutshungulweni kwezimayini zethusi zinqunywa yizici eziningana ezihlobene. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibangela lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhetha kanye nokuguguleka kwemidiya yokugaya, ukusebenza kahle kwe-mill liner, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokuguquguquka kokudla kwe-ore. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo okuphumelelayo kuncike ekuqondeni nasekuphatheni lezi zinguquko ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kanye nokusebenza kwe-metallurgical.
Imidiya yokugaya ibangela ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zokusebenza kwe-ball mill. Uhlobo, ububanzi, kanye nezinto zemidiya yokugaya zithinta ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, i-kinetics yokugaya, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhululwa kwamaminerali ekucutshungulweni kwe-ore yethusi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi imidiya yokugaya enobubanzi obukhulu, njengamabhola angu-15 mm, inganciphisa isikhathi sokugaya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngamaphesenti angama-22.5 uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi abancane, okuhumusha ukonga okuphawulekayo kokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu. Indawo engaphezulu ngeyunithi ngayinye yokufaka amandla iyisilinganiso esinembile sokuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwemidiya yokugaya kunesisindo noma inani eliphelele. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zemidiya, njengensimbi noma izinto zobumba, nakho kuthinta izinga lokuguguleka kanye nephethini yokuphuka kwamaminerali, okuthonya kakhulu isikhathi eside sokusebenza kanye nokubuyiselwa kwethusi. Ezindaweni zokugaya i-ore yethusi, ukugqwala kwemidiya yensimbi kungandiswa yi-sulfide, okudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela lapho kukhethwa izinhlobo zemidiya ukuze kulinganiswe izindleko kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
Ama-ball mill liner angenye indlela ebalulekile yokucatshangelwa kwezindleko nokusebenza. I-liner geometry kanye nokwakheka kwayo kuvikela igobolondo le-mill, kuthonya indlela yemidiya yokugaya, futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kahle kokugaya. Intuthuko yakamuva ifaka phakathi ukumodela kwekhompyutha kanye nokwenza ngcono i-liner geometry, okuye kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuguguleka kwe-liner, kuthuthukiswe ukuphuka kwezinhlayiya, kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwe-mill. Ukwamukelwa kokufunda komshini kokubikezela ukuguguleka kwe-liner, kuhlanganiswe nentuthuko ekuzenzekeleni kwe-liner relining, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Isibonelo, amazinga amaphutha okufunda komshini aphansi njengo-5-6% abikwe ekubikezeleni ukuguguleka kwe-liner, ukusekela ukuphathwa kwe-liner okusebenzayo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukutholakala kwe-mill.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kusalokhu kuyindaba eyinhloko kwezomnotho ekugayweni kwebhola ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali. Ukugaya kuhlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kwemayini yethusi. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nokushayela imvamisa eguquguqukayo kanye nama-motor asebenza kahle kakhulu, angenawo amagiya kagesi kukhiqize ukonga kwamandla okungu-15-30%, kuqinisa amasekethe okugaya ngenkathi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nezindleko. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo nobuchwepheshe nakho kunciphisa ukugaya ngokweqile, kusekela kokubili ukubuyiswa kwethusi kanye nobude besikhathi semishini ezindleleni zokucubungula amaminerali.
Ukwehlukahlukana kokudla kwethula ubunzima bokusebenza kanye nokuguquguquka kwezindleko eketangeni lemishini yokugaya kanye nokucubungula amaminerali. Ukwehluka kokwakheka kwe-ore, okuqukethwe komswakama, kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokugaya ibhola, ukuphuma, kanye namazinga okubuyisa ithusi. Ukuze kulwiswane nale miphumela, izinhlelo zokuqapha ukudla ezithuthukisiwe—kufaka phakathi abahlaziyi bokwakheka besikhathi sangempela kanye nezinzwa zomswakama—zivumela ukuhlanganiswa okunembile kanye nokulawulwa okuzinzile kwenqubo yokugaya. Lokhu kulawulwa kokudla okuthuthukisayo kuthuthukisa ukuhlela, kunciphisa imfucuza, futhi kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagent, konke okubiza kancane kanye nomphumela wemvelo.
Ukulungiswa kwenqubo enamandla, okwenzelwe uhlobo lwe-ore kanye nedatha yokusebenza kwe-ball mill yesikhathi sangempela, kubalulekile ekugcineni umkhiqizo kanye nokwenza ngcono kokubili ukubuyisa kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Ukulinganiswa kobuningi be-inline, okutholwe ngezinzwa zesikhathi sangempela eziqinile ze-Lonnmeter, manje sekuyisisekelo samasu okulawula asebenzayo. Ukufakwa okuvela kumadivayisi okulinganisa ubuningi be-inline kuzinzisa amasekethe okugaya, kunciphisa ukulayisha ngokweqile, futhi kuqinisekisa izilinganiso ezifanele ze-solid-liquid zenhlanganisela ngayinye ye-ore kanye nesimo se-mill. Idatha evela kulezi zinsimbi isekela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kumapharamitha okugaya kanye nokulinganisa kwe-reagent, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokugaya okuphezulu kanye nokubuyiselwa kwe-metallurgical okuqhubekayo.
Ekugcineni, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhloso zokucubungula amaminerali—ukukhulisa umthamo, ukwenza ngcono ukubuyisa, kanye nokulawula izindleko okuqinile—kuncike endleleni ephelele yokwenza ngcono inqubo yokugaya ibhola. Ukuvumelanisa ukukhetha kwemidiya yokugaya, ukuphathwa kwe-liner, amasu okunciphisa amandla, ukulawula ukuguquguquka kokudla okusebenzayo, kanye nokulinganisa ubuningi besikhathi sangempela kubalulekile empumelelweni yezomnotho neyokusebenza eqhubekayo ekukhishweni kwethusi.
Izikhala Zocwaningo kanye Namathuba Ekulawulweni Kokuphakelwa Kwe-Ball Mill
Ukusebenza komshini wokugaya ibhola ekucutshungulweni kwemayini yethusi kuncike kakhulu ezindleleni ezisebenzayo zokucubungula amaminerali kanye namasu okulawula ukudla. Izincwadi zamanje ziqokomisa izikhala zocwaningo ezivelele kanye namathuba obuchwepheshe okwenza ngcono ukukhululwa kwamaminerali kanye nokusebenza kahle kokugaya.
Umthelela Wezinhlanganisela Zemidiya Ehlanganisiwe Ekukhululweni Kwezimbiwa
Ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo zemidiya yokugaya—njengebhola eliyindilinga elinesimo esiyindilinga noma esingajwayelekile—kungalawula ukuhamba kwe-kinetics yokugaya kanye nokuvezwa kwamaminerali. Ukusebenzisana kwezinto eziningi (isb., insimbi encane, insimbi engagqwali) kanye nejiyomethri kushintsha izindlela zokugqoka, ukudluliselwa kwamandla, kanye nokukhululwa, kodwa imiphumela ekuhlukanisweni kwe-copper sulphide isalokhu ingahlolisiswanga kahle. Izifundo zokuqhathanisa zibonisa ukuthi ukugaya okumanzi ngamabhola ensimbi athambile kuthuthukisa ukubuyiselwa kokuntanta ngokuthonya i-chemistry engaphezulu kwamaminerali kanye nokukhetha kwe-pulp ekugayweni kwethusi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imidiya yensimbi engagqwali ikhulise amazinga okuntanta ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzisana kwe-galvanic okushintshiwe kanye namathuba e-pulp, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana ne-Northparkes copper mine. Naphezu kwalokhu kuthuthuka, ukusebenzisana kwezimo zemidiya exubile nezinto zokwakha ekukhululweni okuhlanganisiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla akucaci kahle. Imibuzo ebalulekile iyaqhubeka mayelana nengxube efanele yezinhlobo ezithile ze-ore, ithonya ekuntanta okuphansi, kanye nemikhuba emihle yokuhlela imidiya exubile ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali ngendlela engabizi. Ukulingisa kanye nedatha yokuhlola yokwenza amalungiselelo emidiya akhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhululwa kuyadingeka ngokushesha ukuze kulungiswe ukugaya ibhola ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali kanye nokumbiwa kwethusi.
Ithonya Lokuma Kwemidiya Nobuningi Ekwenzeni Konke Kwemishini Yokugaya
Ukuma kwemidiya yokugaya kubumba kakhulu ukuziphatha komthwalo wokugaya, amazinga okuphuka, kanye nokudonsa kwamandla. Imidiya yebhola eliyindilinga ngokuvamile ikhiqiza amazinga aphezulu okuphuka, ikakhulukazi kokudla okuqinile, kuyilapho imidiya ye-cylindrical (cylpebs) idinga ukufakwa kwamandla amaningi ngesivinini esiphansi. Ubuningi bemidiya bunquma ukudluliselwa kwamandla e-kinetic futhi buthinta amazinga okukhipha. Izifundo zokuhlola zembula ukuthi ububanzi bemidiya eguquguqukayo bunciphisa isikhathi sokugaya futhi bunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kosayizi bomkhiqizo omncane, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhethwa kokuguquguquka kwenqubo ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo yokugaya ibhola kanye namasu okucubungula imayini yethusi. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanganisa ukuma kwemidiya kanye nobuningi kumamodeli okubikezela ukuphuka nokusetshenziswa kwamandla akuphelele. Ukuqinisekiswa kwezwe langempela kanye nomodeli wokubala kusalokhu kunganele, okwenza kube nzima ukwenza izinqumo kubaqhubi bemayini yethusi abafuna ukulinganisela ukusebenza kahle, ama-liners e-ball mill kanye nokugcinwa, kanye nesilinganiso sokuguguleka kwemidiya yokugaya. Izifundo zihlala zifuna uphenyo olujulile lokuthi ukuma, ubuningi, kanye nokusabalalisa kuhlangana kanjani ukuze kuthonye ukusebenza kahle kokugaya kwe-ball mill kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi womkhiqizo.
Amathuba Esikhathi Esizayo Okusetshenziswa Okwandisiwe Kobuningi Besikhathi Sangempela kanye Nezinsimbi Zokulinganisa Izinhlayiya
Ukulinganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ubuningi obungaphakathi kwe-inline ekumbeni kunikeza ukuqonda okusebenzayo kokulawulwa kwenqubo yokugaya ibhola. Izinhlelo zesikhathi sangempela—kufaka phakathi ukuhlaziywa kwesignali ye-acoustic, ama-probe e-laser yesihlungi sendawo, kanye nombono womshini—zivumela ukulandelela okuqhubekayo kobuningi bokuphakelayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiya. Izinsimbi ezifana ne-Lonnmeter zisebenzisa amasu okulinganisa angaphakathi kwe-patent, zihlaziya izinkulungwane zezinhlayiya ngomzuzwana ukuze kutholakale ubukhulu obunembile kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokugeleza. Ubuchwepheshe be-acoustic kanye nombono womshini buqinisekiswe ngokuthembekile ngokumelene nokusampula kwendabuko emishinini yokucubungula amaminerali, busekela ukulawulwa kokudla kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokunciphisa ukugaya ngokweqile. Izinzuzo zokulinganisa ubuningi obungaphakathi kwe-inline zifaka phakathi ukubambezeleka kokuthatha amasampula okuncishisiwe, ukulungiswa kwenqubo okusheshayo, ukuhambisana komkhiqizo okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokonga izinsiza. Lezi zinhlelo zimelela amathuba abalulekile okusebenza kwe-ball mill ngokuvumela ukuqapha okuqondile kwezimo zokudla kanye nokulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo kokusebenza kahle kokugaya i-ball mill. Ukufakwa kwazo kungathuthukisa ukukhishwa kwe-copper, kunciphise ukuthembela ekuthatheni amasampula ngesandla kanye nempendulo ngenkathi kusekelwa ukulawula okuqinile nokuphendulayo kokushintsha kwe-ore.
Ukuqhubeka kokuthuthuka kwezindlela zokucubungula amaminerali kudinga ukuthi lezi zikhala zocwaningo—ikakhulukazi ekuziphatheni kwemidiya exubile, ukumodela kwemidiya, kanye nokulinganisa ngesikhathi sangempela—zihlanganiswe ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukusebenza kahle nokusimeme kwebhola emkhakheni wezimayini.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Iyini inhloso yokugaya imidiya emshinini wokugaya ukuze kucutshungulwe amaminerali?
Imithombo yokugaya ibalulekile ekuhlukaniseni izinhlayiya ze-ore zethusi ngaphakathi kwemishini yokugaya ibhola, okuvumela ukukhululwa okusebenzayo kwamaminerali. Imithombo efana namabhola ensimbi ahlanganisiwe, amabhola e-alloy aphezulu e-chromium, amabhola e-ceramic, kanye nama-cylpebs athuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwe-ore ngomthelela kanye nokuwa. Uhlobo, usayizi, kanye nobuningi bemithombo yokugaya kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokugaya, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Isibonelo, imithombo yokugaya ephezulu ye-chromium inciphisa ukusebenzisana kwe-galvanic namaminerali e-sulfide, okuqinisa i-pulp chemistry futhi kuthuthukise ukukhetha ezigabeni zokuntanta ezingezansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe. Imithombo yokugaya enokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kanye nobuningi obuhle inciphisa ukungcola futhi inciphise izinga lokuguguleka kwemithombo yokugaya, ithinta ngqo ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo yokugaya ibhola kanye namazinga okubuyisa ithusi.
Ukuhlushwa kokudla kuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kahle kwe-ball mill ezimayini zethusi?
Ukugxila kokudla kubhekisela engxenyeni yezinto eziqinile—i-ore yethusi—ekungeneni kodaka olungena emshinini wokugaya ibhola. Le pharamitha ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokugaya ibhola kanye nokukhululwa kwamaminerali. Ukusebenza ngobuningi be-slurry kanye nokuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile kugwema ukugaya okungaphansi kanye nokweqile, kuvikela ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokukhulisa ukubuyiswa kwethusi. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu okuqinile kuholela ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlayiya kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, kuyilapho ukugxila okuphansi kakhulu kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindlela zokucubungula amaminerali. Ukugxila kokudla okufanelekile kanye namazinga okugcwalisa (ngokuvamile acishe abe ngu-56% wamabhola kanye no-0.70 wempuphu) kufeza ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiya okungcono kakhulu kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi kakhulu.
Kuyini ukulinganisa ubuningi obuphakathi futhi kungani kubalulekile ekugayweni kwebhola?
I-Inline Density Measurement iyindlela yokulawula inqubo elandelela ubuningi be-slurry ngesikhathi sangempela njengoba ingena kwisekethe ye-ball mill. Ubuchwepheshe obufana nezinzwa ezisekelwe ku-ultrasonic, ceramic buhlinzeka ngokufundwa okungeyona eyenuzi, okusheshayo, nokunembile, okunikeza ukumelana okuphezulu kokuhuzuka kanye nokugcinwa okuncane. Lokhu kusabela okusheshayo kokuvumelana kokudla kuvumela opharetha ukuthi balungise ngokushesha ukusebenza kwe-ball mill ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu ekugayeni. Ngenxa yalokho, amasu okucubungula imayini yethusi azuza ekuthuthukisweni kokuphuma, izindleko zamandla ezincishisiwe, ukubuyiselwa kwamaminerali okuphezulu, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo engcono. Ukulinganiswa kobuningi be-inline kusiza ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo kanye nokuphepha ngokushintsha izindlela ezindala, ezisekelwe emisebeni.
Kungani kukhethwa imidiya ethile yokugaya ukuze kugaywe ibhola le-ore yethusi?
Ukukhetha imidiya yokugaya yokugaya ibhola le-ore yethusi kusekelwe ebulukhunini be-ore, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, kanye nezidingo zesitshalo sokucubungula. Imidiya eqinile njengamabhola e-alloy aphezulu e-chromium afaneleka kuma-ore abrasive, acebile nge-sulfide ngenxa yokumelana kwawo nokuguguleka kanye nokungcola kwamakhemikhali okuncishisiwe. Insimbi eyakhiwe iyathandwa ngenxa yokushintshashintsha okukhulu, kuyilapho imidiya ye-ceramic inikeza ukulawula okunembile kwezindlela zokucubungula amaminerali ezinhle kakhulu. Isimo—njengamabhola uma kuqhathaniswa nama-cylpebs—sithinta namazinga okuphuka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Indlela elinganiselayo ekukhetheni uhlobo lwemidiya, ubuningi, kanye nosayizi yenza ngcono ukugaya ibhola ukuze kukhululwe amaminerali, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi ilawula izindleko.
Imiklamo ye-ball mill eyonga amandla izuzisa kanjani ukucutshungulwa kwezimbiwa?
Imiklamo yemishini yokugaya ibhola eyonga amandla ifaka ama-liners athuthukile, izakhiwo ezintsha zemishini, kanye nama-motor asebenza kahle kakhulu. Lezi zinto zihlangana ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-30 emisebenzini yokumba ithusi. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ama-motor ahambisanayo amagnethi angapheli ngaphandle kwama-gearbox nama-liners ahlanganisiwe kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla, kukhulisa ukusebenza kahle kokuqala, futhi kwandisa ukusebenza kahle. Ukufaka kabusha ama-ball mill emigodi yethusi ngezinhlelo zokudlulisa zesimanje kanye nabalawuli abahlakaniphile kubonise ukonga kwamandla minyaka yonke kanye namazinga athuthukisiwe okubuyisa insimbi. Ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kodwa futhi kunciphisa nezidingo zokulungisa kanye nomthelela wemvelo, kuthuthukisa kokubili ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yokucubungula amaminerali kanye nemiphumela yokukhipha ithusi iyonke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-25-2025
