Ukwelashwa kwamanzi okuphumelelayo kuncike ekulungiseleleni nasekulinganisweni kwama-polyelectrolyte. Lawa ma-polymer enza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe, okuvumela ukususwa okuphumelelayo kokungcola emanzini angcolile nasemanzini aphuzwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukujiya noma ukugcwala okungafanele kwezixazululo ze-polyelectrolyte kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-floc okunganele, izinhlelo ezivalekile, noma ukungalandeli imithetho eqinile yezemvelo, okuholela ezijezisweni ezibizayo kanye nokulimala kwemvelo.
Izitshalo zokwelapha amanzi zingafinyelela ukulawula okunembile kokulinganisa kwe-polyelectrolyte ngokusebenzisa ukuqapha okuzenzakalelayo okuqondile. I-Lonnmeter's advancedizixazululo zokulinganisa i-viscosityukunika amandla izindawo zokwelapha ukuze zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zomthetho, zinciphise izindleko, futhi zifake isandla ekuphathweni kwamanzi okusimeme.
Inqubo Yokujiya Nokugoqana Kokwelashwa Kwamanzi
Iinqubo yokujiya ekwelashweni kwamanziihlose ukususa izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, ama-colloid, kanye nezinto eziphilayo emanzini namanzi angcolile. Le nqubo ihilela izigaba ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukuqina, lapho izinto eziqeda ukuzinza ziqeda khona ukushaja kwezinhlayiya, kanye nokuqhuma, lapho izinhlayiya zihlangana khona zibe ama-floc amakhulu, ahlala isikhathi eside.
Iinqubo yokuxubana kwe-flocculationKubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okufana nokucaciswa kwamanzi angavuthiwe, ukususwa kombala, kanye nokususwa kwamanzi kodaka kuzo zonke izimboni ezifana namandla, insimbi, izimayini, ukudla, izindwangu, kanye ne-pulp nephepha. Ukuqina kokuxuba okufanele kubalulekile, njengoba ukuhlaziywa kwe-fractal kubonisa ukuthi ukusabalala kanye nokushayisana kwezinhlayiya ze-colloidal kulawula ukwakheka kwe-floc.
Indima Yama-Polelectrolyte Ekwelapheni Amanzi
Ama-Polelectrolyte abalulekile kakhuluukuhlangana kwezinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi, esebenza njengezinto ezithuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya. Lawa ma-polymer e-organic anochungechunge olude, atholakala ngezindlela ze-cationic, i-anionic, noma ezingezona ze-ionic, aphethe amaqembu asebenzayo angasetshenziswa yi-ionizable akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-floc ngokususa i-charge kanye nokubopha. Ekuphathweni kwamanzi amdaka, ama-polyelectrolyte asetshenziselwa ukucacisa, ukulungisa udaka, kanye nokususa uwoyela, kuyilapho ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini, athuthukisa izinqubo ezifana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-gypsum ekukhiqizweni kwe-phosphoric acid noma ukususwa kobumba emifudlaneni ye-borax.
Imiphumela Yokuhlushwa Okungalungile Nokunamathela Kwamanzi Angcolile
Ukuhlushwa noma i-viscosity ye-polyelectrolyte engalungile ku-inqubo yokujiya ekwelashweni kwamanzi amdakakungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, okubeka engcupheni ibhalansi ebucayi yezinhlelo zokwelashwa kwamanzi.
Ukweqisa umthamo kungabangela ukumiswa kabusha kwezinhlayiya, ukuvala izindawo zokwelapha noma ukuholela emapayipini aqandisiwe nokuqhuma, kuyilapho ukungabi namthamo okwanele kuholela ekwakhekeni okubi kwe-floc, okushiya amanzi engcolile futhi engahambisani nezindinganiso zokukhipha. Ukwehluleka okunjalo kungaholela ezinhlakeni ezilawulayo, kulimaze imishini, futhi kukhulule amanzi aphathwe kabi emifuleni noma olwandle, kulimaze imvelo.
Ama-Polelectrolyte - Ama-Flocculation Agents
Njengezinto ezibalulekile zokuxhumanisa, ama-polyelectrolyte aqhubainqubo yokuxubana kwe-flocculationngokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya ezincane zibe ama-floc amakhulu angahlukaniswa kalula ngokusebenzisa i-sedimentation noma i-flotation. Itholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene—i-granular, i-powder, noma uketshezi oluqinile kakhulu (5,000–10,000 cP)—ama-polyelectrolyte afana ne-polyacrylamide (PAAM) enzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ngokusekelwe ekushajeni, isisindo sama-molecule, kanye nesimo sawo.
Ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi amdaka, kwenza kube lula ukususa izinto eziqinile ezilengayo, umbala, namafutha, kuyilapho ezinqubweni zezimboni, zithuthukisa imisebenzi efana nokucaciswa kwejusi likashukela kanye nokufakwa kwensimbi ekuhlanzweni kwe-electrolytic. Kodwa-ke, ama-polyelectrolyte anefasitela elincane lokuhamba, lapho ukumunca okuncane kungaphinda kuhlakaze izinhlayiya, futhi ukuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunciphisa i-viscosity, okuthinta ukusebenza. Ukulinganisa okunembile kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kubalulekile ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kwazo ku-ukuhlangana kwezinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi.
Iyunithi yokulungiselela okuzenzakalelayo (Inkomba: Ubunjiniyela bukaKeiken)
Izidingo Zokulungiselela Okuzenzakalelayo Nohlelo Lokulinganisa
Izinhlelo zokulungiselela kanye nokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo ziguqula inqubo yokujiya kanye ne-flocculation ekuphathweni kwamanzi ngokuqinisekisa ukunemba kanye nokusebenza kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwe-polyelectrolyte. Lezi zinhlelo zibhekana nezidingo ezibalulekile ezitshalweni zokwelapha zesimanje, zithuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nokuhambisana.
I. Qinisekisa Ukuhlushwa Okufanele Kwezixazululo zePolelectrolyte
- Ukulinganisa Ngokunembile: Izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ziletha amazinga e-polyelectrolyte (isb., 0.2–1 g/L yokwelapha udaka, 0.02–0.1 g/L ukuze kucaciswe) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwe-floc.
- Ukuthobela Imithetho: Ukulinganisa okunembile kuvimbela ukulinganisa ngokweqile noma ukulinganisa okungaphansi, okuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwemvelo.
- Ukunciphisa Imfucuza: Ukuhlushwa okunembile kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamakhemikhali, kunciphisa izindleko kanye nomthelela emvelweni.
- Ukuzinza Kwenqubo: Kugcina ikhwalithi ye-floc ihambisanayo, kunciphisa izingozi zokuvinjelwa kwesistimu noma ukulimala kwemishini.
II. Ukuthembela Kokugxilisa Ukuqina Kokugxila
- Ukuqina njengesibonakaliso sokusebenza: Ukuqina kwe-polyelectrolyte kuhambisana nesisindo sama-molecule kanye nobuqotho beketanga, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwe-flocculation.
- Ukulungiswa Kwesikhathi Sangempela: Izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ziqapha izinguquko ze-viscosity ngenxa yokuwohloka noma ukuncishiswa, ziqinisekisa ukuthi imithamo inikezwa kahle.
- Ukuxuba Okunezigaba Ezimbili: Ukuxuba kokuqala okunamandla aphezulu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-"fisheye", kuyilapho ukuxuba okunamandla amancane kulondoloza amaketanga e-polymer, kugcina i-viscosity.
- Ukulinganisa Okuqondile Kokusetshenziswa: Kulungisa i-viscosity yemisebenzi ethile njengokususa amanzi odaka noma ukucaciswa kwamanzi aluhlaza, okuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwenqubo.
Isixazululo Somkhiqizo: I-Viscometer ye-Polymer eku-inthanethi
I-Lonnmeter iku-inthanethii-polymer ye-viscometeriyisishintshi senqubo yokujiya ekuphathweni kwamanzi amdaka, inikeza ukuqapha kwe-viscosity ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukala kwe-polyelectrolyte. Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:
- Ububanzi Bokugoba Okubanzi:Ilinganisa i-10–1,000,000 cP, ivumela ama-polymer e-emulsion ane-viscosity ephezulu njenge-polyacrylamide.
- Umklamo Oqinile:Isebenza ezindaweni ezibucayi zokwelashwa, ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezimo zokucheba.
- Ukuqapha Izinga Lokushisa Elihlanganisiwe:Ukunemba okuphezulu kuqinisekisa ukufundwa okunembile kwe-viscosity okukhokhelwa izinga lokushisa.
- Ukuzenzakalela Okungenamthungo:Ihlangana nezinhlelo ze-PLC kanye ne-DCS ukuze kulungiswe ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukala.
- Ukugcinwa Okuphansi:Idizayini encane, engadingi ukusetshenziswa iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.
Ngokungafani nezindlela ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi njenge-Pour noma i-Gravity Drainage Tests, i-viscometer ye-Lonnmeter iletha idatha eqhubekayo nenembile, isusa ukubambezeleka kwamasampula namaphutha, futhi iqinisekise ukukala okunembile kwe-floc ukuze kwakhiwe i-floc efanele.
Izinzuzo Zokuzivumelanisa Ne-Viscosity Ekuxubeni Nge-Polymer
Ukuzenzakalela kwe-viscosity ekulinganisweni kwe-polyelectrolyte kuletha izinzuzo eziguqulayo zezitshalo zokwelashwa kwamanzi, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusimama:
- Ukulinganisa Okuthuthukisiwe Kwe-Polymer:Ukulawulwa kwe-viscosity yesikhathi sangempela kuqinisekisa ukugcwala okunembile kwe-polyelectrolyte, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-floc kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuxazulula.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwamakhemikhali Okuncishisiwe:Ukulinganisa okunembile kunciphisa imfucuza ye-polymer, kunciphisa izindleko kanye nomthelela emvelweni.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Aphansi:Ukuxuba okulungiselelwe kunciphisa izidingo zamandla, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
- Ukuhambisana Nomthetho Okuthuthukisiwe:Umthamo oqhubekayo uvimbela ukwephulwa kokukhishwa, ugwema izinhlawulo.
- Ukuvikelwa Kwesistimu Esebenzayo:Ukutholwa kwezinkinga ngokushesha kuvimbela ukuvaleka, ukuqhuma kwamapayipi, noma ukwehluleka kokwelashwa.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Nezinhlelo Ezithuthukisiwe:Ukuhambisana nokuhlaziywa okuqhutshwa yi-AI kanye namawele edijithali kwenza kube lula ukubikezela umthamo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinqubo.
- Ukuthunjwa Okuthuthukisiwe Kwezinto Eziqinile:Igcina ukuhlushwa kwekhekhe kungaphansi kwama-200 ppm, isekela ukubuyiswa kwezakhamzimba kanye nokuphathwa kodaka.
Lezi zinzuzo zibonisa ukunemba okubonakala ezinqubweni ezifana nokubiliswa okuqhubekayo kwe-penicillin, okuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa i-flocculation ibalulekile ekufinyeleleni ekukhiqizweni kwamanzi angcolile asezingeni eliphezulu. I-viscometer ye-polyelectrolyte eku-inthanethi ye-Lonnmeter iguqula le nqubo ngokunikeza ukuqapha kwe-viscosity ngesikhathi sangempela, isuse ukungasebenzi kahle kokuhlolwa okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, futhi iqinisekise ukukala kwe-flocculant okuhle kakhulu.
Lawula inqubo yakho yokubopha amanzi ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi amdaka—xhumana ne-Lonnmeter namuhla ukuze ucele ikhotheshini elungiselelwe wena futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesikhungo sakho kanye nokuthobela imithetho!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-15-2025
