Okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kukhonkrithi kusheshisa ngqo ukugqwala kwensimbi eqinisayo, kuphazamise izendlalelo ze-oxide ezivikelayo futhi kubangele ukwakheka kokugqwala kwendawo. Ukugcwala kwe-chloride okungaphezu kuka-0.4% ngesisindo sesimende kubangela ukugqwala kokuqinisa, kunciphisa ukuqina kwesakhiwo futhi kuholele ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwensimbi engxenyeni ehlukene. Ukutholwa nokulinganiswa kwama-chloride kubalulekile ekuvikeleni isikhathi sokuphila kwengqalasizinda.
okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kukhonkolo
*
Izindlela Zokugqwala Kwe-Chloride
Ama-ion e-chloride angena kukhonkrithi ngokusabalala, ukumuncwa kwama-capillary, kanye nokuguqulwa kwawo. Ukuvezwa kwendawo, imifantu, noma ukubola koqweqwe kusheshisa ukungena kwe-chloride. Ama-gradient okuhlushwa aqhuba ukufuduka kwe-chloride. Imifantu emincane evela emithwalweni yemishini ishintsha izindlela zokuthutha futhi yandisa ingozi yokugqwala.
Ukuqongelela kwe-chloride esibonakalayo sensimbi-ukhonkolo kukhuthaza ukuqedwa kwe-passivation endaweni. Ifilimu ye-oxide engasebenzisi i-passive iyaphuka, okwenza kube lula ukuqala ukugqwala. Okuqukethwe kwe-chloride engaphansi kokugqwala kuncike ku-pH yekhonkrithi kanye nokugqwala. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukugqwala kuqala ekugxilweni kwe-chloride okuphansi njengo-0.2–0.4% ngesisindo sesimende lapho ukugqwala kuphezulu.
I-bimodal neutron kanye ne-X-ray microtomography yakamuva iveza ukwakheka kokugqwala kwesakhiwo kanye nokulahlekelwa kwesibopho sensimbi nokhonkolo.
Ukunciphisa ukumunca kwamanzi kunciphisa ukuthuthwa kwe-chloride futhi kwandise ukuqina kokuqina. I-XRF metal analyzer yekhonkrithi, kufaka phakathi i-Lonnmeter, inikeza ukuhlaziywa kwe-chlorine okungonakalisi, okukhomba ngokushesha izindawo ezisengozini yokugqwala kwensimbi yokuqinisa kukhonkrithi.
Ukugqwala kwensimbi kukhonkrithi okubangelwa yi-chloride
*
Izixazululo Zokuqinisa Ukumelana Nokugqwala
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Chromium (Cr) kanye ne-rare-earth (RE) ku-rebar kunciphisa kakhulu ukugqwala kwensimbi yokuqinisa kukhonkrithi ngaphansi kokuvezwa kwe-chloride. Ucwaningo nge-HRB400 rebar lubonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-Cr okungaphezu kuka-0.5% kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-RE kuguqula i-MnS ibe yi-RE–Al–O–S inclusions embozwe amagobolondo e-MnS, okunciphisa i-acidification yendawo futhi kunciphisa ukusabalala kokugqwala “kweseli elivalekile”. Umphumela uba ubuningi bamanje okugqwala okuphansi kanye nokuqina kwefilimu engasebenzi okuthuthukisiwe, okulinganiswa ngisho nasezingxenyeni ze-chloride ezingaphezu kuka-0.6% ngesisindo sesimende—okumele ukwehla okungu-30–50% kwesilinganiso sokugqwala uma kuqhathaniswa ne-rebar ecacile ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo (Nature Communications, 2026).
Ukufakwa okusebenzayo kufaka phakathi i-scandium noma i-cerium alloying, okunikeza ukuthuthukiswa okubonakalayo emandleni okusebenza kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside kwengqalasizinda ezindaweni zasolwandle kanye nosawoti wokukhipha i-deicing. Izindleko kanye nokunikezwa kwe-RE kuthinta ukungena emakethe kodwa kunciphisa izidingo zokulungisa umjikelezo wokuphila.
Ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ngokwengeziwe ukuthi ukuhlanganisa imicu yensimbi ne-rebar kunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwemifantu kanye nezinga lokugqwala, ikakhulukazi kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chloride kukhonkolo. Ukuqina kwe-hybrid kwandisa isikhathi sokuqalisa ukuqhekeka futhi kuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okuthwala umthwalo ngemva kokuchayeka (MDPI, 2025).
Khetha izinto zokuqinisa ezisekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwengozi yokugqwala okubangelwa yi-chloride kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila kwephrojekthi ukuze ugweme ukuwohloka okukhulu kwesakhiwo. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-chlorine element kusetshenziswa i-XRF metal analyzer yekhonkrithi, njengedivayisi ye-Lonnmeter, kusekela ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi kokuqinisa ikhonkrithi ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kahle kwe-solute kanye ne-fibre, ukuqinisekisa ukuvimbela ukugqwala kukhonkrithi eqinisiwe kanye nokwandisa impilo yesevisi.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwezinto Eziyisisekelo Ze-Chlorine kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kwezinto Ezikhanyayo Kukhonkolo
Ukulinganisa okuqukethwe kwe-chlorine kanye nokukhanya kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukugqwala kukhonkolo eqinisiwe. Ama-ion e-chloride angaphezu kuka-0.2–0.4% ngesisindo sesimende abangela ukulahlekelwa kokudlula kanye nokugqwala okusheshayo kwensimbi eqinisiwe, okusheshisa ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo kanye nezindleko zokulungisa. Izindlela zokunquma ukuhlaziya zihlukaniswa zibe ezibhubhisayo.
Izindlela zokubhubhisa ziletha ukunemba okuphezulu kodwa zidinga ukukhipha okuyinhloko kanye nokuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri okunzima, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwesevisi kanye nokulahleka kwesampula okungenakuguqulwa. Ukuhlolwa okungonakalisi, kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa kwe-XRF kokutholwa kokugqwala noma i-field XRF metal analyzer yekhonkrithi, kwenza kube lula ukuhlaziywa kwe-chlorine okusheshayo, endaweni kanye nokukhanya kwezinto ngaphandle kokubhujiswa kwesampula. I-Lonnmeter XRF analyzer ilinganisa i-Mg, i-Al, i-Si, i-S, i-K, i-Ca, kanye ne-Cl kukhonkrithi eqinile, inikeza imikhawulo yokuthola engaphansi kwama-50 ppm kwe-Cl. Imiphumela isekela ukukhethwa kwezinsimbi zokuqinisa ezingamelana nokugqwala kanye nokulandelela ukusebenza kahle kwezithibi zokugqwala kokuqinisa insimbi. Ukuhamba komsebenzi okuthuthukisiwe okusebenzisa i-XRF kukhulisa ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kukhonkrithi eqinisiwe ngokuthola ukugqwala okubangelwa yi-chloride ezakhiweni zekhonkrithi kusenesikhathi, kuqondise ukungenelela okuqondiwe kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza.
Ukutholwa Okuthuthukisiwe&Izindlela Zokulinganisa Okuqukethwe kwe-Chloride
Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kusebenzisa i-volumetric titration, ama-electrode akhetha ama-ion, kanye nezindlela ze-potentiometric, okuletha ukuzwela okuphezulu kokuqukethwe kwe-chloride kukhonkrithi kanye nensimbi yokuqinisa. Lawa masu abeka engcupheni ukubhujiswa kwamasampula, ukuqina komsebenzi, kanye nokumamephu kwendawo okulinganiselwe ezimweni ze-in situ. Ama-field microelectrode probes avumela ukutholwa kwendawo kodwa alwa nokulinganisa ama-trace chloride kanye nezinto zokukhanya.
Abahlaziyi bensimbi be-XRF, ikakhulukazi i-Lonnmeter, bahlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa kwezinto eziningi okungabhubhisi futhi okusheshayo kukhonkolo eqinile kanye nezibonelo ze-rebar. I-Lonnmeter ithola izinto ze-chlorine kanye nokukhanya (i-Mg, i-Al, i-Si, i-S, i-K, i-Ca) ngokuzwela emazingeni e-ppm, inikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kwemigoqo yokuqinisa engagqwali kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi. Isofthiwe yayo eqinile ihlukanisa ukugqwala okubangelwa yi-trace chloride ezakhiweni zekhonkolo, isekela ukuvimbela ukugqwala okubalulekile kukhonkolo eqinisiwe.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamasu amasha okuthwebula izithombe, njenge-XRF, i-multi-modal tomography, kanye ne-advanced elemental mapping, kwembula kokubili okuqukethwe yi-bulk chloride kanye nezindawo zokugqwala kwe-microstructural. Zihlanganiswe, lezi zindlela zihlola izithibi zokugqwala ukuze kuqiniswe insimbi futhi zisekele ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kwekhonkrithi eqinisiwe.
Ukuphromotha i-Lonnmeter XRF Analyzer yokuhlolwa kokuqukethwe kwe-Chloride
Abahlaziyi be-Lonnmeter XRF banikeza ukuhlaziywa kwe-chlorine okusheshayo, okungabhubhisi okubalulekile ekuhloleni okuqukethwe kwe-chloride kukhonkrithi. Ukuzwela kwabo okuphezulu kuthola i-chlorine kanye nezinto zokukhanya (i-Mg, i-Al, i-Si, i-S, i-K, i-Ca) emazingeni aphansi njengo-0.35–1% Cl, okusiza ukulinganisa okunembile kwama-trace chloride anquma ingozi yokugqwala kanye nokuqina kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe.
Umklamo ophathekayo uvumela ukuhlaziywa kwasendaweni, okuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi benze ukuhlolwa kwezinto ngesikhathi sangempela kumasampula ekhonkrithi eqinile noma ama-rebar futhi basheshe babone izindawo ezivame ukugqwala okubangelwa yi-chloride ezakhiweni zekhonkrithi. Izixhumi zesofthiwe eziqinile zenza kube lula ukuhamba komsebenzi, zibonisa imiphumela yezinto eziningi ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo zephrojekthi ngokushesha ekukhetheni imigoqo yokuqinisa engagqwali.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Lonnmeter XRF bugwema imithombo yemisebe, budinga ukulungiswa okuncane kwesampula kanye nokunikeza ukutholwa kwezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe amasu okuvimbela ukugqwala aphelele. Ukucela ikhotheshini kuvumela ukucushwa kwe-analyzer eyenzelwe wena, ukwesekwa kokuqeqeshwa, kanye nokubonisana ngobuchwepheshe, kuthuthukisa ukuhlolwa kokuqinisa ukhonkolo okungonakalisi ukuze kuhlale isikhathi eside ukhonkolo oqinisiwe kanye nezithibi zokugqwala ezisebenzayo zokuqinisa insimbi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
Kubaluleke ngani ukukala okuqukethwe yi-chloride kukhonkrithi?
Ukulinganiswa okunembile kokuqukethwe kwe-chloride kukhonkrithi kubalulekile ukuhlola ingozi yokugqwala kwensimbi yokuqinisa nokuqinisekisa impilo yesevisi. Ukugqwala okubangelwa yi-chloride kubangela cishe u-40% wokwehluleka kwekhonkrithi eqinisiwe emhlabeni jikelele. Imininingwane yelabhorethri ikhombisa ukuthi ukugqwala kuqala lapho ukugcwala kwe-chloride kudlula u-0.4% ngesisindo sekhonkrithi. Ukufaka iphrofayili yokungena kwe-chloride kwenza ukulungiswa okuqondiwe kanye nokunciphisa izindleko.
Ama-ion e-chloride abangela kanjani ukugqwala ekuqiniseni insimbi?
Ama-ion e-chloride angena kukhonkolo, afinyelele ungqimba lwe-oxide olungasebenzi ensimbini. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukudlula kwensimbi futhi kuqalise ukugqwala kwendawo. Umphumela uba ukwakheka kokugqwala, ukulahleka kobubanzi bensimbi, ukuqhekeka, kanye nokuqhekeka.
Ingabe imicu ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kanye ne-rebar kukhonkolo?
Izifundo zibika ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwemicu kanye ne-rebar kwandisa isikhathi sokugqwala ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-40, okuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kwezakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe.
Yini eyenza i-Lonnmeter XRF analyzer ifaneleke kakhulu ekuhlolweni kokhonkolo?
I-Lonnmeter XRF metal analyzer inikeza ukuhlaziywa okusheshayo, okungabhubhisi, kwezinto eziningi zamasampula aqinile. Ifinyelela umkhawulo wokutholwa kwe-chlorine ongu-10 ppm futhi ilinganisa izinto zokukhanya (i-Mg, i-Al, i-Si, i-S, i-K, i-Ca) ezibalulekile ekuboneni ukugqwala kwesigaba sokuqala, ithuthukise amasu okuvimbela ukugqwala.
Ingabe iziqiniseko ezithuthukisiwe ezifana ne-Cr kanye ne-RE alloys zimelana nokugqwala kalula?
Amabha okuqinisa aguquliwe e-Chromium kanye ne-rare-earth (RE) andisa ukumelana nokugqwala ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-50 uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinosawoti, njengoba kuqinisekiswe ekuhlolweni kwelebhu.
Kungani ukuvuza kwekhonkrithi kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukugqwala?
Ukugeleza kwamanzi okuphansi kuvimbela ukufuduka kwe-chloride, kugcina insimbi ingasebenzi kahle futhi kulibazise ukuqala kokugqwala ngale kwemijikelezo yempilo yesevisi evamile.
Ubuchwepheshe be-XRF buhluke kanjani ekuhlolweni kwamakhemikhali okuvamile kokuhlaziywa kwe-chloride?
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-XRF akudingi ukuncibilika kwesampula noma ama-asidi, ngokungafani ne-chemistry emanzi. Kuyashesha, kusendaweni, futhi kunikeza ukuhlaziywa kwe-chlorine elemental ngesikhathi esisodwa—okuwusizo ekuhlolweni okungonakalisi iziqinisi zekhonkrithi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-13-2026
