Ukulawulwa Kokuhlushwa kwe-NaOH ekwenziweni Okuphakathi Kwe-Organic

Ekuhlanganisweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-organic intermediate, ukulawulwa okunembile kokuhlushwa kwe-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) kuyisici esiyisisekelo sekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo, kanye nenzuzo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-NaOH ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto eziphilayo ezifana nosawoti we-phenoxide kanye nosawoti we-alkoxide kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kodayi, imithi, kanye nezinto ze-polymeric, njengoba lezi zinto eziphakathi zisebenza njengezitebhisi ezibalulekile zokwakha izinto eziphilayo ezinenani eliphezulu.

Ukuze kuhlanganiswe usawoti we-phenoxide kanye ne-alkoxide, indlela yokusebenza ye-NaOH isekelwe ku-alkalinity yayo enamandla. Ngobuchwepheshe bokubona i-inline ultrasonic, inqubo yokuhlanganisa eqondiswa yi-NaOH ingaqashwa ngesikhathi sangempela ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene.

Bona Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezengeziwe

Ubunzima Ekulawulweni Kokuhlushwa kwe-NaOH Kokwenziwa Okuphakathi Kwe-Organic

Ukulawula ukuhlushwa kwe-NaOH ekuhlanganisweni okuphakathi kwezinto eziphilayo kuletha izinselele eziphawulekayo ezihlobene nezici zayo zamakhemikhali kanye nokuguquguquka kwenqubo. Ukuncibilika kwayo okulinganiselwe ezinyibilikisini zezinto eziphilayo kubangela imvula, kuyilapho ukuxubana okubi kuma-reactor amakhulu kudala ama-gradient okuhlushwa—okuphazamisa ukwakheka kwe-phenoxide/alkoxide efanayo.

Ukuncibilika/ukusabela kwayo okungaphandle kokushisa (ΔH = -44.51 kJ/mol) kubangela ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa, okuphazamisa ukulingana (isb., ukushintsha ukwakheka kwe-alkoxide kube yi-hydrolysis) kanye nokuhwamukisa izinyibilikisi ezibila kancane njenge-ethanol. Ukuguquguquka kwe-pH okuncike ekugxiliseni nakho kuyingozi ekuphenduleni okubi: >1.0 M NaOH ikhuthaza ukusabela kwe-Cannizzaro ekujiyileni kwe-Claisen-Schmidt, kuyilapho <2.5 M ikhawulela i-Kolbe-Schmitt carboxylation.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NaOH imunca i-CO₂/umswakama ukuze yakhe i-Na₂CO₃ engcolisayo, futhi ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kuvinjelwa yi-titration ehamba kancane noma i-pH meter dilution ezintweni eziphilayo. I-NaOH egxilile (≥10 M) iqhubeka nokugqwala ama-reactor, okwenza izinkinga zokulawula zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Unemibuzo mayelana nokwenza ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza？

Xhumana Nonjiniyela

Amaphuzu Okufaka Amamitha Obuningi Ku-inthanethi Kulawulo Lokuhlushwa Kwe-NaOH

Amamitha okuqina aku-inthanethi afakwe ngokuyinhloko ezixhumanisini zenqubo ezi-4 ezibalulekile, agxile ekuqapheni ukuhlushwa kwezixazululo ze-NaOH ngesikhathi sangempela ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwenqubo:

Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Eziluhlaza ze-NaOH

Lapho kulungiswa i-NaOH eqinile ibe yizixazululo ezincibilikisiwe ezidingekayo enqubweni,ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium hydroxideimithaifakwe ku-i-outli-et ye mixingIthangi. Iguqula ubuningi obulinganisiwe bube ukuhlushwa ngesikhathi sangempela, igwema amaphutha avela ekuqoqweni ngesandla futhi iqinisekise ukunemba kokuhlushwa kwe-feedstock.

Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokuphakelwa Kokusabela

Ngaphambi kokuba isixazululo se-NaOH sifakwe ku-reactor,inzwa yokuhlushwa kwe-sodium hydroxideifakiwe kuphayiphi lokuphakelayo le-NaOH. Iqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokuhlushwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka okuphakathi okuqondiwe okunganele noma ukusabela okubangelwa ukuhlushwa okungaphandle kwe-spec.

Ukuqapha Ukusabela Kwenqubo

Uma kwenzeka ukusabela lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-NaOH kushintsha ngokuguquguqukayo, imitha yobuningi ifakwe epayipini lokujikeleza kwangaphakathi le-reactor noma ipayipi lokukhipha isampula. Ilandelela ukuguquguquka kokuhlushwa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze iqondise ukwakheka kwe-NaOH ngesikhathi esifanele, igweme i-hydrolysis noma ukusabela okungaphelele.

Ukuvuselelwa/Ukugeza Ngemva Kokusabela

Uma i-NaOH engaphenduliwe isetshenziswa kabusha noma isetshenziselwa ukugeza umkhiqizo, imitha yobuningi ifakwa endaweni yokugcina uketshezi lokubuyisa. Iqapha ukuhlushwa kwe-NaOH esetshenziswa kabusha, inquma ukuthi kufanele incibilikiswe noma ingezwe, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ukuhlushwa koketshezi lokuhlanza kuhlangabezana nezidingo zobumsulwa (isb., ukuvimbela insalela ye-NaOH eyeqile ezindaweni eziphakathi).

Funda Ngamamitha Obuningi Engeziwe

Imitha Yobuningi Be-Slurry Engeyona Yenuzi

Imitha Yokuhlushwa Kwamakhemikhali

Imitha Yokuhlushwa ye-H₂O₂ Emgqeni

Imitha Yokuhlushwa kwe-Ethanol Ku-inthanethi

Izinzuzo Ezilethwa Yimitha Yokuhlushwa kwe-Sodium Hydroxide

Imitha yokuhlushwa ye-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) inikeza inani elibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni okuphakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ngokubhekana nezinselele eziyinhloko zokulawula ukuhlushwa, ngezinzuzo ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:

●Minativumela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, okunembile, ithatha indawo yezindlela ezihamba kancane, ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi njenge-titration. Ngokuguqula ubuningi bube ukuhlushwa ngokushesha, iqinisekisa ukuthi i-NaOH ihlala ngaphakathi kwamazinga okuhlosiwe, igwema ukulinganiselwa noma ukulinganiselwa ngokweqile.

●Minakuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwenqubo kanye nokungaguquguquki komkhiqizo. Ngokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-NaOH ngokweqile kanye nokuvumela ukuphinda kusetshenziswe kabusha kwe-NaOH engaphenduliwe ngokunembile, kunciphisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha futhi kunciphisa imithwalo yokwelapha imfucuza.

●II-t ithuthukisa ukuphepha nokuthobela imithetho. Izexwayiso zesikhathi sangempela zokugxila okungavamile zinciphisa izingozi zokugqwala kwe-reactor noma ukulahleka kwe-exothermic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wayo wokubhalisa idatha uhlangabezana nezidingo zokulawula zokulandelela izimboni ezifana nemithi, okwenza kube lula izinqubo zokuhlola.