Ukulinganiswa Kobuningi Bobhiya Enqubweni Yokwenza Ubhiya Bezimboni
Iinqubo yokwenza ubhiya bezimboniisuke ebucikweni obugxile emasikweni yaya kwisayensi eyinkimbinkimbi, eqhutshwa idatha. Enhliziyweni yalolu shintsho kukhona ukulinganiswa kobuningi, i-metric eyodwa esebenza njengolimi olujwayelekile lokulinganisa izinguquko ezibalulekile ezenzeka kusukela kokusanhlamvu kuya engilazini.
Ukulinganiswa kobuningi obungaphakathi komugqainikeza ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi kuzo zonke izigaba. Izixazululo ze-B2B ezenzakalelayo zezimboni, ezibeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo, ukuhambisana okuphezulu, kanye nokugcinwa okuphansi, zibekwe ngendlela ekhethekile ukubhekana nezinselele ezingokwemvelo zendawo yokukhiqiza utshwala, njengokuthiizinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukudumba, amabhamuza e-CO2, kanye nezinguquko ezincane.
Ubhiya BesimanjeIpharadigm
Iinqubo yokwenza ubhiyakuyindlela ebucayi, yokusebenza kwe-biochemical kanye nobunjiniyela enezigaba eziningi, kodwa ukugcina ukuhambisana kusalokhu kuyinselele eqhubekayo yezindawo zokwenza ubhiya zezentengiselwano. Izithako ezine eziyisisekelo—okusanhlamvu, amanzi, ama-hops, kanye nemvubelo—ziguqulwa ngochungechunge lwezimpendulo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngayinye enomthelela omkhulu ekunambithekeni komkhiqizo wokugcina, iphunga, kanye nomzimba. Isihluthulelo sokubhekana nalolu bunzima sisekulawuleni inqubo enembile, futhi akukho okuguquguqukayo okukodwa okubonisa intuthuko kanye nekhwalithi yobhiya kunobuningi bayo.
Ubuningi buyindlela yokulinganisa ngqo ukugcwala kwezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe, ikakhulukazi ushukela, ngaphakathi koketshezi. Lo mbiko uhlose ukuvala igebe phakathi kobuchwepheshe bokwenza ubhiya bendabuko kanye nezinsimbi zesimanje, okubonisa ukuthi ukuzenzakalela okuhlakaniphile kungaguqula kanjani ubuciko obudumile bube umsebenzi ophindaphindwayo kakhulu, osebenza kahle kwezentengiselwano. Ngokubeka ubuningi njengesibonakaliso esibalulekile sokusebenza (i-KPI), izinkampani zokwenza ubhiya zingadlula izindlela zendabuko, ezingaqhubeki futhi zamukele indlela entsha yokuphatha okusebenzayo, okuqhutshwa idatha.
Ukubuka Okuningiliziwe Kwesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Senqubo Yokwenza Ubhiya
Iinqubo yokwenza ubhiya bezentengiselwanoIngahlukaniswa ibe uchungechunge lwezigaba ezibalulekile, ngasinye sakhela phezu kwesokugcina ukuze sakhe umkhiqizo wokugcina onekhwalithi nobuntu obuhambisanayo.
Ukugaya Nokugaya
Iinqubo yokwenza ubhiyakuqala ngokulungiswa kwezinhlamvu ezifakwe i-malted, eziqala ngokugaywa ukuze zivule amakhoba bese ziveza izitashi ngaphakathi kwe-kernel. Lokhu kulandelwa ukugaywa, lapho okugaywayo, noma "i-grist," kuhlanganiswa khona namanzi ashisayo (okwaziwa ngokuthi ugologo) esitsheni esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-mash tun.10 Ukugaywa ukuguqulwa kwama-stashi kube ushukela ovundiswayo, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-saccharification. Izinga lokushisa le-mash liyindawo ebalulekile yokulawula, evame ukugcinwa phakathi kuka-60–70°C (140–158°F). Leli banga lokushisa linquma iphrofayili yokugcina kashukela we-i-wort, okuthonya ngqo ukunambitheka, umzimba, kanye nokuzwakala komlomo kobhiya oqediwe. Ukwehluka okuncane ekushiseni kokugaya kungaba nomthelela omkhulu, ongahlosiwe wokuqhuma komkhiqizo wokugcina, okugcizelela isidingo sokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela.
Ukuhleka Nokuchitha
Ngemva kokuxubha, uketshezi olunoshukela, nomai-wort, kumele kuhlukaniswe nokusanhlamvu okusetshenzisiwe enqubweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-lautering. Lesi yisinyathelo esithinta isikhathi, esivame ukwenziwa ku-lauter tun noma ku-mash filter. Izinga lokushisa le-mash lingakhushulwa lifike ku-75–78°C (167–172°F), inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-mashout, ukuze kuqedwe ama-enzyme futhi kuncishiswe i-viscosity ye-wort, okwenza kube lula inqubo yokuhlukanisa. Amanzi ashisayo engeziwe, noma amanzi e-sparge, avame ukufafazwa phezu kombhede wokusanhlamvu ukuze kuhlanzwe noma yimaphi ushukela osele.
Ukubilisa Nokupholisa
I-wort eqoqwe idluliselwa eketheni lokuphuza utshwala, noma "ithusi," lapho ivuthwa khona ngamandla, isigaba esivame ukuhlala imizuzu engama-60 kuya kweyi-120. Lesi sigaba sibalulekile ngezizathu eziningana: sibulala amagciwane ku-wort, sibangele amaprotheni angabangela umswakama, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, sisusa ama-alpha acid avela ku-hops, okunikeza ubumunyu. Isikhathi sokwengeza i-hop ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala sinquma ubumunyu bukabhiya, ukunambitheka, kanye nephunga lawo. Ukuvuvukala nakho kuyithuba lokugcina lokusethaamandla adonsela phansi okuqala (OG), njengoba igxilisa i-wort ngokuyikhipha emanzini. Ngemva kokubilisa, i-wort ipholiswa ngokushesha nge-heat exchanger iye ezingeni lokushisa elifanele ukubiliswa, isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukungcoliswa yimvubelo yasendle noma amagciwane.
Ukubilisa, Ukuvuthwa kanye Nokulungisa
I-wort epholile idluliselwa esitsheni sokubilisa, lapho imvubelo "iphonswa khona" noma ingezwe khona. Lena yinhliziyo yemvelo ye-inqubo yokwenza ubhiya, lapho imvubelo idla ushukela ovundiswayo ku-wort, ikhiqiza utshwala kanye ne-carbon dioxide (CO2). Lo msebenzi we-metabolic ubangela ushintsho olubalulekile nolulinganiswayo ekubunjweni koketshezi. Ngemva kokuvundiswa kokuqala, ubhiya udlula esikhathini sokuvuthwa noma ukulungiswa, okuvumela ukunambitheka ukuthi kukhule kanye noketshezi ukuthi lucwebezele ngaphambi kokuhlunga nokupakishwa.
Unemibuzo mayelana nokwenza ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza？
Indima Ebalulekile Yokulinganisa Ubuningi
Ubuningi busebenza njengenguquko enkulu kanye nesibonakaliso sokusebenza esiyinhloko (i-KPI) kuyo yonke inkathiinqubo yokwenza ubhiyaLuwulimi olusetshenziswa kabanzi ukulandelela nokulawula ukuguqulwa kwezithako ezingavuthiwe zibe umkhiqizo oqediwe.
Ukuchaza Ubuningi kanye namaMetric ahlobene
Ekuphekeni, ubuningi buvame ukuvezwa ngokwe-Specific Gravity (SG), i-Plato (°P), noma i-Brix (°Bx). Amanzi ahlanzekile anobukhulu obuthile obuyi-1,000. Ushukela nezinye izinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe ezivela ku-mash kwandisa ubuningi be-wort, okwenza kube nokufundwa okuphezulu kwe-SG, ngokuvamile okuphakathi kuka-1.030 no-1.070. Ngesikhathi sokubilisa, njengoba imvubelo iguqula lawa shukela abe utshwala kanye ne-CO2, ubuningi buyancipha ngoba utshwala abunamanzi kangako kunoshukela. Lokhu kwehla kobuningi kulandelwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqashwe inqubekela phambili yokubilisa.
Inani lokulinganisa ubuningi lidlulela ngale kokulandelela okulula. Kuyisisekelo sokubala amapharamitha amabili abaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ubhiya:
Amandla Adonsela Phansi Okuqala (OG):Ukufundwa kobuningi okuthathwa ngaphambi kokuba imvubelo ifakwe. I-OG iyisilinganiso soshukela ophelele ovutshelwayo futhi iyipharamitha eyisisekelo yokuklama amaresiphi nokulawula ikhwalithi.
Amandla Okugcina Adonsela Phansi (FG):Ukufundwa kokuqina okuzinzile okuthathwa ngemva kokubilisa sekuqediwe. I-FG ikhombisa inani likashukela osele, ongavutshiwe kubhiya.
Ukubalwa Kotshwala Ngomthamo (i-ABV):Umehluko oqondile phakathi kwe-OG ne-FG usetshenziselwa ukubala ngokunembile okuqukethwe kotshwala kokugcina kobhiya. Lokhu kubalulekile ekulebheleni, ekuthobeleni imithetho, nasekugcineni ukuhambisana komkhiqizo kuwo wonke amaqoqo.
Ukuguquka Kokulinganisa: Kusukela Ekusebenzeni Okusebenzayo Kuya Ekusebenzeni Okusebenzayo
Ukushintsha kusuka ekulinganisweni ngesandla, okuhlukile kuya ekulinganisweni okuqhubekayo, okuzenzakalelayo kumelela ushintsho oluyisisekelo ekuphathweni kokwenza ubhiya. Izindlela zendabuko, njengokusebenzisa ingilazii-hydrometernoma i-refractometer, zidla isikhathi futhi zidinga umsebenzi omningi. Isampula ngayinye idinga umqhubi oqeqeshiwe ukukhipha uketshezi ethangini ngokomzimba, inqubo ebeka engcupheni yokungcolisa inqwaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zindlela zinikeza isithombe esingaguquki ngesikhathi, zishiya izikhathi ezibalulekile phakathi kokulinganisa zingaqashelwa.
Izinzwa ezizenzakalelayo, eziku-inthanethi zinikeza ukusakaza kwedatha okuqhubekayo, okudala "iminwe" enesinqumo esiphezulu sayo yonke inqubo. Lokhu kuqapha okuqhubekayo kuvumela ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokutholakala kusenesikhathi kwezinto ezingavamile, kuvimbele ukwehluleka kwebhetshi okubizayo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Leli khono lisusa umenzi webhiya kusuka kwimodi yokusabela, lapho izinkinga zitholakala khona ngemva kweqiniso, ziye kowokubhekana nazo, lapho zingavinjelwa khona. Isibonelo, ngokuqapha izinga lokushintsha kobuningi ngesikhathi sokubilisa, umenzi webhiya angathola "ukubila okunamathele" futhi angenelele ngokushesha, eqinisekisa ukuthi ibhetshi ayonakaliswa.
Ukuhlaziywa Kokulinganiswa Kobuningi kanye Nezinselele
Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zokulinganisa ubuningi ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuzo zonke izigaba ze-inqubo yokwenza ubhiyaIsixazululo sethuluzi elifanela bonke asisebenzi, njengoba indawo ngayinye iletha izinselelo ezihlukile okumele zinqotshwe ukuze kuqoqwe idatha enembile nethembekile.
Ukuxubha kanye nokuhlafuna
Ngesikhathi sokugaywa, ukulinganiswa kobuningi kuqapha ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwe-enzyme kanye nesivuno esiphelele sokukhishwa okuvela kokusanhlamvu. Izinselele eziyinhloko kulesi sigaba yileziizinga lokushisa eliphezulu(kufika ku-78°C) kanye nokuba khona kweukudungekakanye nezinto eziqinile ezilengayo. Izinsimbi ezivamile ezifana nama-hydrometer, alinganiswa ekushiseni okuthile, okuphansi kakhulu, zizoveza ukufundwa okunganembile kule ndawo eshisayo. Izinhlayiya zezinhlamvu ezilengayo kanye nezinto eziqinile nazo zingaphazamisa ukufundwa futhi zilimaze ngisho nemishini ebucayi.
Ukubilisa
Ukulinganisa ubuningi ngesikhathi sokubilisa kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa amandla adonsela phansi ngaphambi kokubilisa nokulungisa ivolumu ye-wort ukuze ifinyelele ekuhlosweni.Amandla adonsela phansi okuqalaLesi sigaba siveza inselele yokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokuba khona komusi obilayo, okungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwenzwa kanye nokuqina kwayo.
Ukubilisa
Lesi yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu sokuqapha ubuningi. Sisetshenziselwa ukulandelela ukuguqulwa koshukela, ukuqapha impilo yemvubelo, nokukhomba isikhathi esiqondile sokubila esiqediwe. Kodwa-ke, futhi kuyindawo eyinselele kakhulu yokulinganisa. Umsebenzi onamandla wemvubelo ukhiqiza ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-Amabhamuza e-CO2, okungaphazamisa kakhulu ukufundwa kwezinzwa futhi kuholele kudatha enganembile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugobhoza kwemvubelo kanye nokushintsha okusheshayo kobuningi kudinga ithuluzi elinesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuphendula kanye nekhono lokumelana nendawo eguquguqukayo, ecebile ngezinhlayiya.
Ukuvuthwa Nokuhlunga
Ngemva kokubilisa, ubuningi bobhiya kumele buqinisekiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthiAmandla Okugcina Adonsela Phansi (FG)umgomo usufeziwe. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kanye nesigaba sokugcina sokupakisha, ukwethulwa kwe-CO2 ye-carbonation kwenza kube nzima ukulinganisa ubuningi njengoba kushintsha izakhiwo zomzimba zoketshezi. Lesi sigaba sidinga amathuluzi anembe kakhulu akwazi ukubona izinguquko ezincane zobuningi nokuzihlukanisa nemiphumela ye-CO2 encibilikisiwe.
Izinselele ezikhona esigabeni ngasinye sokwenza ubhiya ziqokomisa isidingo sobuchwepheshe bezinzwa obuklanyelwe ngqo ukusingatha izimo zabo zenqubo ezihlukile. Ithuluzi elisebenza kahle endaweni ecacile, ebandayo yethangi elikhanyayo lingase lingathembeki nhlobo endaweni eshisayo, ephithizelayo, neyamafu ye-mash tun. Lokhu kudala isidingo esicacile semakethe sezinsimbi eziqinile, ezinokwethenjelwa okuphezulu eziklanywe ngalezi zinselele ezithile engqondweni.
Funda Ngamamitha Obuningi Engeziwe
Amamitha Ezinqubo Engeziwe Ku-inthanethi
Ukuhlaziywa Okuqhathanisayo Kwezobuchwepheshe Bezinzwa Zobuningi
Ukukhethwa kwe-imitha yobuningi befektri yobhiyakuyisinqumo esihlakaniphile esincike esikalini esithile sefektri yokwenza ubhiya, isabelomali, kanye nezinselele zenqubo. Ukuqonda okuningiliziwe kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obutholakalayo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ukukhetha okunolwazi.
Izindlela Zendabuko
Izinsimbi zomculo zendabuko ezivame kakhulu yii-hydrometerkanye ne-refractometer. Lezi azibizi futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa emisebenzini emincane. Kodwa-ke, zinqunyelwe kakhulu esimweni sokuhweba. Zidinga ukusampula ngesandla, okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, okuthatha isikhathi futhi okuvame ukuba namaphutha kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azifaneleki ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo, okusemgqeni, kanyei-hydrometerilinganiswe ngokushisa okuthile, okwenza ingafaneleki ukusetshenziswa ku-hot wort.
Izinzwa Zanamuhla Ezisemugqeni
Izinzwa zesimanje eziku-inthanethi zinikeza ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo, zinikeza idatha eqhubekayo, yesikhathi sangempela ngqo kusuka ekusakazweni kwenqubo.
Amamitha Okuqina Kwefoloko Elidlidlizayo
Lobu buchwepheshe busebenzisa i-resonator enama-prong amabili edlidliza ngemvamisa ethile ye-resonant. Njengoba ubukhulu boketshezi oluzungezile bushintsha, bushintsha umthwalo wesisindo kuma-prong, okushintsha imvamisa yokudlidliza. Imitha bese ihlobanisa lokhu kushintsha kwemvamisa nenani lobuningi. Amamitha efoloko elidlidlizayo ngokuvamile aqinile, awanazo izingxenye ezihambayo, futhi angabizi kakhulu kunezinye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe. Kodwa-ke, angazwela ekuqeqeshweniAmabhamuza e-CO2, okungaphazamisa ukudlidliza futhi kuholele ekufundweni okungalungile.
Amamitha Okugeleza Kwesisindo Se-Coriolis
Lawa mamitha asebenzisa umphumela we-Coriolis ukukala ukugeleza kwesisindo sangempela kanye nobuningi. Ishubhu elidlidlizayo lisetshenziselwa ukukala ukuthi uketshezi lujika kangakanani ithubhu njengoba lugeleza. Imvamisa yokudlidliza ihlobene ngqo nobuningi boketshezi. Amamitha e-Coriolis anembe kakhulu futhi ahlinzeka ngokulinganisa okuguquguqukayo okubili (ukugeleza kwesisindo kanye nobuningi) ngasikhathi sinye. Athembekile kakhulu futhi awathintwa kakhulu amabhamuza. Ububi bawo obukhulu yizindleko zawo eziphezulu zangaphambilini, ezingase zibe nzima emisebenzini emincane.
Amamitha Obuningi be-Ultrasonic
Lobu buchwepheshe bunquma ubuningi ngokulinganisa ijubane lomsindo ogeleza oketshezini. Ijubane lomsindo endaweni yokusebenza liwumsebenzi wobuningi bawo kanye nokushisa kwawo. Amamitha e-Ultrasonic, njenge-Imitha Yobuningi Bebhiya iLonnmeter, zinezinzuzo ezihlukile ezenza zifaneleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ubhiya. Aziyona i-nuclear, azinazo izingxenye ezihambayo, futhi azithinteki ukuqhutshwa kukagesi koketshezi, umbala, noma ukucaca kwalo. Lokhu kuyinzuzo ebalulekile ekwenzeni ubhiya, lapho i-wort ingaba mnyama futhi ibe namafu. Ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu obusetshenziswa yi-I-Lonnmeter alcohold di-ensiminai-terngo-bi-eer kuthuthukisa ngokukhethekile ukuthembeka kokulinganisa, ngisho naseziphuzweni ezinomthamo omkhulu wamabhamuza omoya, okuyinselele ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokubilisa.
Ithebula 1: Ukuhlaziywa Kokuqhathanisa Kobuchwepheshe Bezinzwa Zobuningi
| Ubuchwepheshe | Isimiso | Izindleko (ezihlobene) | Ukunemba | Ukufaneleka Kwamabhamuza/Ukukhukhumala | Isicelo Esingcono Kakhulu |
| I-Hydrometer | Ukuqina | Phansi Kakhulu | Phansi | Okubi (amabhamuza, izinhlayiya) | Ubhiya Obuncane/Obusetshenziswa Ekhaya |
| Ifoloko Elidlidlizayo | Imvamisa Yokuzwakala Kahle | Okuphakathi nendawo | Phezulu | Okuhle (kungathinteka amabhamuza) | Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo Okuvamile |
| Imitha yeCoriolis | Umphumela we-Coriolis | Phezulu Kakhulu | Kuhle kakhulu | Kuhle kakhulu | Izinqubo Ezinembile/Ezibucayi |
| Imitha ye-Ultrasonic | Isivinini Somsindo | Okuphansi kuya Okuphakathi | Phezulu | Kuhle kakhulu (akuthintwa amabhamuza, umbala, ukungcola) | Zonke Izigaba Zokwenza Ubhiya, ikakhulukazi Ukubilisa |
Ubuchwepheshe obufana noImitha Yobuningi Bebhiya iLonnmeter, ezisebenzisa izimiso ze-ultrasonic eziqinile nezithembekile, zilungele kakhulu ukunqoba izinselele eziyingqayizivele zendawo yokukhiqiza utshwala, kusukela ekushiseni okuphezulu kwe-mash kuya kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-CO2 kokubilisa.
Kumafektri okukhiqiza utshwala kanye nabahlanganisi, isincomo esibalulekile ukuthi kubekwe phambili ukwamukelwa kokulinganisa kwabantu okuqhubekayo okusemgqeni. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala enkampanini ethuthukisiweimitha yobuningi bebhiyaisheshe isuswe yizinzuzo ezibonakalayo zokuncipha kwabasebenzi, ukuqina komkhiqizo okuthuthukisiwe, ukulahleka kwenqwaba okuncishisiwe, kanye nokulandeleka kwekhwalithi ephelele. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokuvikela ubuqotho bebhiya ngayinye kodwa futhi inikeza idatha eyisisekelo edingekayo yokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo okuqhubekayo. Ikusasa lokukhiqiza utshwala akuyona imfihlakalo; kuyinqubo eqhutshwa idatha, elawulwa ngokucophelela kusukela ku-malt kuya kumkhiqizo oqediwe. Thola eyodwa bese uyizama manje.
