Yintoni iFuel Oil Viscosity?
Ukuqina, okuchazwa ngokusisiseko njengoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwioyile olumelana nokuhamba kwamanzi, lumele uphawu olulodwa olubalulekileyo olulawula ukuphathwa, unyango, kunye nokusebenza ekugqibeleni kweoyile yepetroli. Ukulawula inkqubo kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho, ukuqina akunakuthathwa nje njengendawo yedatha eqinisekisiweyo; sisixhobo esisisiseko esimisela ukhuseleko lwecandelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Imveliso yeOyile yeFuel kunye neNkcazelo yoMgangatho: Apho kuQina khona
Iimpawu zeoyile zepetroli zimiselwa ngokusisiseko kwisakhiwo sendawo yokuhluza. Imveliso iqala ngokuhluzwa okuluhlaza, apho ukwahlukana kwenzeka ngokusekwe kwinqanaba lokubila. Ioyile yepetroli enzima (i-HFO) kunye namafutha aseleyo, ziinxalenye ezisezantsi zale nkqubo, ezichazwa bubuninzi bazo kunye nokuxinana okuphezulu ngaphakathi. Imisebenzi elandelayo, efana neenkqubo zokuguqula, itshintsha ngakumbi izakhiwo zemolekyuli, nto leyo echaza umahluko omkhulu kwi-viscosity eboniswa ziimveliso zokugqibela eziseleyo.
Ukudibanisa ngokuchanekileyo: Ubugcisa kunye neSayensi yokufezekisa ukuxinana okujoliswe kuko
Ngenxa yokuba i-viscosity yemveliso eluhlaza eseleyo idla ngokuba phezulu kakhulu ukuba ingamkeleki kwangoko kwimarike, ukuxuba kusebenza njengendlela ephambili yokufikelela kumanqanaba e-viscosity ekujoliswe kuwo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukubandakanya izitokhwe zokusika ezikhaphukhaphu, ezifana ne-marine diesel, i-gasoil, okanye i-light cycle oil (LC(G)O). Impumelelo yomsebenzi wokuxuba ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekulungiseni umlinganiselo we-HFO kwisitokhwe sokusika ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu eziguquguqukayo ze-feedstocks zokungenisa kunye nobushushu bazo.
Ubuthathaka obukhulu bokusebenza buvela ekuxhomekekeni kuhlalutyo lwelabhoratri olulibazisekileyo ukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo wokuxuba ofunekayo ukuze kufezwei-kinematic viscosity yeoyile yepetroliIithagethi. Ekubeni imida echanekileyo ye-viscosity ifezekiswa ngokulinganisa okubalwayo, umlinganiselo ongalunganga—obangelwa kukulibaziseka kwempendulo okanye iimpazamo zesampulu—uthwala umngcipheko omkhulu wokungaphumeleli kokunyibilika. Xa i-solvency ingaphumeleli, i-asphaltenes ezinzisiweyo kakhulu ziyawa, nto leyo ekhokelela kukungcola kunye nokungazinzi okubi kakhulu. Le ndlela yokusilela enokwenzeka ibiza kakhulu kwaye yonakalisa kunokuba iphoswe nje kancinci yi-viscosity specification. Ukusebenzisa i-advanced advancedisixhobo sokulinganisa i-viscosity yeoyileKwi-blending manifold inika isignali yempendulo ekhawulezileyo efunekayo ukulungisa ii-flow meters ngexesha langempela, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuba uzinzo lwemveliso lugcinwa ngokukhutheleyo kwaye ukusilela komgangatho kuthintelwe.
Ngaphandle kokuxuba, i-viscosity ingalawulwa ngokulawula ubushushu. Ukufudumeza i-oyile enzima kuseyeyona ndlela iphambili nesisiseko yokunciphisa i-viscosity yayo ukuya kwinqanaba apho inokupompa kwaye i-atomized. Nangona kunjalo, ubushushu buyindlela engathanga ngqo ye-viscosity. Ngenxa yokwahluka okukhoyo kwiipropati ze-feedstock, ukuxhomekeka okukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezimiselweyo zobushushu obungaguqukiyo akwanelanga ukuqinisekisa i-viscosity ehambelanayo. Ngaphezu koko, izongezo ezithile zeekhemikhali okanye unyango lwe-mechanical olufana ne-homogenization lunokusetyenziswa ukulungisa iipropati ze-rheological kunye nokuphucula uzinzo kunye nokuhambelana kwe-oyile enzima.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iioyile ezisele zixineneyo kakhulu zinoxinzelelo olukhulu loomatshini kwizixhobo zokupompa kunye nemibhobho ngexesha lokucoca kunye nokudlulisa. Xa i-viscosity iphakama ngokungalindelekanga—mhlawumbi ngenxa yokwehla kobushushu okanye utshintsho lwe-feedstock—ukwanda komthwalo okubangelwa koko kusongela ukuthembeka kweeasethi ezinkulu, okunokukhokelela ekwandeni kokuguguleka kwepompo, ukusilela kwetywina, okanye ukuvaleka kwemigca emikhulu. I-ROI enxulumene nokufaka i-intanethiisixhobo sokulinganisa i-viscosity yeoyileIdlula ngaphaya kolawulo lomgangatho wemveliso; isebenza njengomaleko obalulekileyo wokukhusela izinto zoomatshini ngaphakathi komgca wemveliso, inciphisa kakhulu amathuba okungasebenzi kwexesha elingacwangciswanga.
Indlela i-Viscosity elawula ngayo ukusebenza ngokuthe ngqo
Ukwenziwa kwe-Atomization kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokutsha
Indima yokugqibela nebalulekileyo yokusebenza kolawulo lwe-viscosity yimpembelelo yayo ngqo kwi-atomization ye-fuel. I-atomization efanelekileyo—inkqubo yokuguqula i-bulk fuel ibe yi-furry encinci, efanayo yamaconsi—iyimfuneko ekutshiseni ngokukhawuleza nangokupheleleyo.
Niniumlinganiselo we-viscosity yeoyile yepetroliibonisa ukuba ipetroli iphezulu kakhulu (ityebile kakhulu), ipetroli iyamelana nokuhamba kwaye ayiphumeleli ukuqhekeka kakuhle ngaphakathi kwempumlo. Oku kuhlala kubangela ukwakheka kwamaconsi amakhulu kunye nokutsha okungasebenzi kakuhle nokungaphelelanga. Isiphumo esikhawulezileyo kukuchitha amandla, ukwakheka kwe-soot egqithisileyo, kunye nokucola, okonakalisa izitshintshi zobushushu kunye nezinto zokutshisa. Izifundo ziqinisekisa ukuba ioyile etyebileyo engena kwimpumlo inciphisa isantya sokujikeleza, nto leyo ebangela ikhowuni yobukhulu bodonga obunzima ngaxeshanye onyusa isantya sokuhamba (ukuchithwa kwepetroli) kwaye ivelise amaconsi amakhulu asokola ukutsha nokutsha.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba i-viscosity iphantsi kakhulu (incinci kakhulu), ngelixa ukuhamba kwayo kulula, kuvela iingxaki ezimbini ezinkulu. Okokuqala, i-viscosity ephantsi kakhulu inokuphazamisa ifilimu yokuthambisa efunekayo ye-hydrodynamic ekhusela izixhobo zenkqubo yepetroli ezifana neempompo kunye nee-injectors, okukhawulezisa ukuguguleka kunye nomngcipheko wokungaphumeleli. Okwesibini, ukuzinza okungalunganga kokutsha kunokubangelwa yi-atomization engaphezulu okanye ukutsha okungafanelaniyo, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwamandla enjini.
Ngaba i-Oil Viscosity ichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli?
Umbuzo,ingaba i-oyile viscosity iyayichaphazela na indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ipetroli, ingaphendulwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo: ewe, ngokunzulu, ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kodwa ezidibeneyo: ukunciphisa ukungqubana kwezixhobo ezibangela iintsholongwane kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle komlilo.
Iioyile ezithambileyo nezinoburhabaxa zijikeleza kwaye zihamba ngokulula, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ilahleko yoomatshini efunekayo ukupompa ulwelo kwinkqubo. Oku kuncipha kwemfuno yamandla abangelwa zizinambuzane kuthetha ngokuthe ngqo ukuphuculwa koqoqosho lwamafutha olulinganisekayo. Kwiinqwelomoya ezisebenzisa ii-lubricants ezilungisiweyo, ukutshintshela kwiioyile ze-injini ezixineneyo eziphantsi (i-HDEO) kubonakalisiwe ukuba kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha phakathi kwe-0.9% kunye ne-2.2% ngonyaka. Injongo kukufumana ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo: ioyile kufuneka ibe ncinci ngokwaneleyo ukunciphisa ukumelana nokuvumela amandla enjini okusebenzisa kakuhle uphethiloli, kodwa ibe ncinci ngokwaneleyo ukugcina ifilimu yolwelo olukhuselayo (ukwahlulwa komgangatho womda) phakathi kweendawo ezibalulekileyo ezihambayo. Ukukhetha ioyile ebhityileyo kakhulu kunciphisa ukuqina nokukhuselwa kwenjini, isivumelwano esithathwa njengesingamkelekanga ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zokuguguleka kwenjini kunye nokunciphisa ubomi benxalenye.
Indima yeViscosity kuLawulo loKhupha kunye nempilo yeNjini
Ukuqina okuphuculweyo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukusebenza okucocekileyo nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya okuyingozi. Ukuphuculwa kokuqhekeka kwespray kwiindawo ezixineneyo okanye kwiindawo ezizinzileyo zomda kwiindawo eziphezulu zokukhupha umoya kuphucula umxube we-fuel-air, nto leyo enciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-hydrocarbon engatshiswanga (HC). Ngaphezu koko, ulawulo olucokisekileyo lwe-viscosity lubalulekile ekunciphiseni ukwakheka kwe-Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), njengoko ukunyuka kwe-viscosity egqithisileyo kunokubangela ngokuthe ngqo ekuvelisweni kongcoliseko.
Kwipetroli enzima yolwelo (njenge-mazut okanye i-HFO ene-viscosity ephezulu), ukufudumeza kwangaphambili linyathelo eliyimfuneko lokunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwamanzi ngaphambi kokuba kutshiswe. Icebo elithile le-atomization elisetyenziswayo—ukusuka kwi-pressure-jet burners kwi-low-viscosity fuels ukuya kwi-specialized steam-assisted okanye i-rotary cup burners kwi-high-viscosity fuels (>100 cSt)—limiselwa yi-viscosity elinganisiweyo yepetroli.
Amandla okusebenza kakuhle kwezitshisi axhomekeke ekufumaneni ipetroli ngaphakathi kwebhendi encinci ye-viscosity. Njengoko ukutya kuya kutshintshatshintsha ngenxa yokuxuba kunye nokungeniswa kweentlobo ezintsha zepetroli zaselwandle, ukuxhomekeka kwiindawo zokubeka ubushushu ezimiselweyo ngaphambi kwe-heater kuba ngumthombo ongapheliyo wokungasebenzi kakuhle. Ingxaki kukuba ubushushu obufunekayo ukuze kufezekiswe i-atomization viscosity efunekayo (umz., 10–20 cSt) butshintsha kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zesiseko sebhetshi yepetroli. Ukuba umqhubi uthembele kwindawo endala yebhetshi entsha, eguquguqukayo, i-viscosity ethunyelwa kwi-nozzle ayizukuba ngcono kakhulu, iqinisekisa ukutsha okungaphelelanga, ukwanda kokukhutshwa, kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokusebenza. Ngokuthe ngqo, okuqhubekayo.umlinganiselo we-viscosity yeoyile yepetroliisusa obu buthathaka obungaphakathi.
Ngaphezu koko, ukulawula i-viscosity ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa amandla ancedisayo afunekayo ukuhambisa nokupompa ipetroli kwinkqubo. Xa i-viscosity ivunyelwe ukutshintshatshintsha, umthwalo wombane okanye womphunga kwiimpompo zokudlulisa kunye neenkqubo zokufudumeza uyaphakama. Ngokugcina i-viscosity efanelekileyo ngexesha langempela nge-automatic control loop, inkqubo inciphisa uxinzelelo loomatshini kwiimpompo kwaye inciphisa amandla asetyenziswa ziinkqubo zokufudumeza ioyile yokudlulisa, inika i-ROI ebalulekileyo nenokubalwa ngaphaya kokuphucula nje ukutsha.
Itheyibhile: Iziphumo Zokusebenza Zokuphambuka Kwe-Viscosity
| Imeko yokuxinana | Impembelelo ekuFudumeni/ekuPompeni | Impembelelo ekutshisweni/ekuvuthweni | Impembelelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye neenxalenye |
| Phezulu Kakhulu (Utyebile) | Amandla okupompa anyukileyo, isantya sokujikeleza esinciphileyo kwimilomo. Umngcipheko wokuvaleka kwemibhobho. | Ukwenziwa kwe-atomization okungekho semgangathweni, amathontsi amakhulu akhokelela ekutshisweni okungaphelelanga. | Ipetroli echithwayo, i-soot/coking eyonyukileyo, ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-HC/NOx. Kufuneka ubushushu obugqithisileyo. |
| Iphantsi Kakhulu (Incinci) | Ukwahlulwa komgca womda okungonelanga, amandla efilimu aphantsi kwiimpompo. | Umngcipheko wokwenziwa kwe-atomization egqithisileyo okanye ilangatye elingazinzanga, ukulahleka kokufana kokutsha. | Ukuguguleka okukhawulezileyo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo yamafutha (iipompo, ii-injectors). Ukhuseleko olunciphileyo kwi-mechanical friction. |
IReal UTimeUlawulo lwe-Viscosity ye-oyile yepetroli
Ubuthathaka Bendalo Bokuthatha Iisampuli ZeLabhoratri Ezingaqhubekiyo
Ukuthembela kuvavanyo lwelebhu oluqhelekileyo, oluhlala luqhutywa rhoqo okanye isampuli yenyanga nganye kwazisa ixesha elibalulekileyo lokulibaziseka phakathi kwe-viscosity anomaly kunye nesenzo sokulungisa. Kwiinkqubo eziguqukayo, nokuba kukuxuba i-refinery okanye iinkqubo zeenjini ezikhawulezayo, umgangatho weoyile unokutshintsha ngoko nangoko ngenxa yezinto ezifana ne-oxidation, ukuxutywa negesi yenkqubo, okanye ungcoliseko. Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, ezifana nee-gas screw compressors, ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kwe-lube oil viscosity kunokukhokelela ekusileleni kweebheringi, ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba ingxelo yelebhu eqinisekisa ingxaki ifunyanwe. Indlela yangoku yovavanyo lwelebhu ngaphandle kwendawo ayilunganga kwaye ibiza kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki zezothutho kunye nokulibaziseka kwexesha okungamkelekanga ekufumaneni ulwazi olusebenzayo.
Ukuguqula Ukubeka Esweni Okusebenzayo Kube Kulawulo Olusebenzayo
Isisombululo sisekusebenziseni ulawulo oluvaliweyo, apho isignali yempendulo isetyenziswa rhoqo ukugcina imeko efunekayo, okwenzainkqubo yolawulo lwe-viscosity yeoyile yepetroliukuzilawula ngokupheleleyo.
Eyona ndlela ixabisekileyo yokusebenzisa obu buchwepheshe iqinisekisa ukuba i-viscosity elinganisiweyo ilawula ngokuthe ngqo ubushushu obufunekayo ngaphambi kwe-heater, nto leyo etshintsha ngokusisiseko uyilo lolawulo. Le ndlela isusa ukuxhomekeka kwangaphambili kubushushu njenge-proxy engathanga ngqo ye-viscosity, endaweni yoko ibonelela rhoqo, ngokuzenzekelayo.umlinganiselo we-viscosity yeoyile yepetrolikwindawo yokusetyenziswa (umz., incam yesitovu). Oku kuphelisa ukuguquguquka kwe-viscosity okwenzeka xa kutshintshelwa phakathi kwemithwalo eyahlukeneyo yamafutha okanye iibhetshi.
Iingenelo zokutshintshela ekujongeni rhoqo ngexesha langempela zibalulekile: impendulo ekhawulezileyo ivumela ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo rhoqo, iqhubela phambili ukuhambelana kwemveliso ngelixa inciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma engaqhelekanga. Ngaphezu koko, olu zenzekelayo lususa ukubekwa esweni rhoqo nokudinisayo ngesandla okufunekayo kubasebenzi abanezakhono kwaye luphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwenkqubo yokufudumeza ioyile ngokuthintela ukufudumeza okugqithisileyo.
Ukuze idatha yexesha langempela isebenze ngokwenene kwishishini elilawulwayo, ngakumbi malunga nokudluliselwa kokugcinwa okanye ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yolwandle, i-intanethiisixhobo sokulinganisa i-viscosity yeoyilekufuneka ibe nokuchaneka okuqinisekisiweyo. Kuba iinkcukacha zorhwebo zihlala zifuna ingxeloi-kinematic viscosity yeoyile yepetrolikubushushu obuqhelekileyo (umz., 50°C), inkqubo ye-closed-loop mayingaboneleli kuphela ngedatha ye-viscosity ekhawulezayo kodwa idibanise nomlinganiselo woxinano ukuze kubalwe ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye kuxelwe ixabiso le-kinematic elifunekayo, ngaloo ndlela kugcinwe umkhondo wophicotho oqinileyo noqinisekisiweyo wolawulo lomgangatho.
Kubalulekile ukuba abaphathi bezityalo baqonde ukuba ukusebenzisa ngempumeleloinkqubo yolawulo lwe-viscosity yeoyile yepetroliifuna indlela yobunjineli obupheleleyo, kungekuphela nje kokufaka isensa. Ukuthembeka komlinganiselo kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wesampulu efunyenwe sisisensa. Imingeni eqhelekileyo kwiindawo zoshishino—ezifana nemigca yokudlulisa iisampulu ende kakhulu, ukuhamba okunganelanga, utshintsho loxinzelelo, okanye i-deadlegs engeyomfuneko—inokuwuphazamisa kakhulu umlinganiselo. Impumelelo yenkqubo ye-closed-loop ixhomekeke ekuphuculeni iiparameter ze-fluidic kunye ne-thermal ezijikeleze i-isixhobo sokulinganisa i-viscosity yeoyileukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesampulu emeleyo.
Funda Ngakumbi ngeeMetha zoBuxinano
Iimitha zeNkqubo ezingakumbi kwi-Intanethi
Inzuzo yeLonnmeter: Isixhobo sokulinganisa i-Oil Viscosity eqinileyo kwimigca ebalulekileyo
Imeko enzima yokuveliswa kweoyile yepetroli—ebandakanya uxinzelelo oluphezulu, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, kunye nemingeni ekhoyo yokuphatha iioyile ezinzima ezirhabaxa nezingcolisayo—ifunaisixhobo sokulinganisa i-viscosity yeoyileYakhelwe ukuqina nokuchaneka okugqithisileyo. I-Lonnmeter Viscometer, eyenziwe kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-vibrating rod okanye i-acoustic wave (AW) obuphambili, inika ukuthembeka okufunekayo kwezi ndlela zibalulekileyo zenkqubo.
Ubuchule boBugcisa: Indlela yoKulinganisa yaseLonnmeter
Amandla angundoqo eLonnmeter akwindlela yayo eqinileyo neyomeleleyo yokuva, esebenzisa intonga eshukuma ngombane. Le ndlela engeyiyo eyemekhnoloji isusa ubuthathaka obukhoyo bee-viscometers zemveli, iqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuncinci kwaye inika ukumelana okuphezulu nokungcola okukhulu kunye nongcoliseko oluqhelekileyo kwinkonzo ye-HFO.
Itekhnoloji yeLonnmeter yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye inika umlinganiselo othembekileyo, ochanekileyo naphantsi kwemilinganiselo yokusebenza enzima, kubandakanya uxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-10,000 psi (700 bar) kunye namaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-180 °C. Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kulawulo lwenkqubo kukuqina kwesixhobo ngokuchasene nokuphazamiseka komgca oqhelekileyo: isenzi saso esinamandla aphezulu silinganisa i-viscosity ngelixa singachaphazeleki kukungcangcazela okubalulekileyo kunye nokuguquguquka kwesantya sokuhamba okuqhelekileyo kwii-manifolds ze-refinery okanye amagumbi eenjini zaselwandle. Oku kudibana kokuqina kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu kwenza ukuba kulandelelwe utshintsho oluncinci kwiumlinganiselo we-viscosity yeoyile yepetrolienomgangatho wedatha ogqwesileyo, enika ukuchaneka okuphezulu (umz., 3% RM) kunye nokuphindaphindeka okugqwesileyo (umz., ).
Ukudibanisa kunye nokuthembeka: Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza
Ii-viscometer zeLonnmeter zibonelela ngomjelo wedatha okhawulezileyo, ovumela impendulo yokwenyani yexesha langempela ebalulekileyo kulawulo oluqhubekayo lwenkqubo ekuxubeni, ekufudumaleni kwangaphambili, nakwii-aplikeshini zokujonga imeko yeasethi. Uqhagamshelo lwazo oluqhelekileyo lwe-plug-and-play lwenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa neeNkqubo zoLawulo lweZimbiwa (ICS) ezikhoyo ngeziphumo zedijithali okanye ze-analog (4-20mA), okuvumela ukulungiswa okulula nokungabizi kakhulu kwii-heaters zokudlulisa ioyile ezikhoyo kunye neenkqubo zokuxuba.
Ngaphaya kokujonga umgangatho wamafutha, ubuchwepheshe bubalulekile ekukhuseleni izinto zangaphakathi. Iinkqubo zeLonnmeter zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukujonga impilo yezithambisi kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo, ezifana nee-gas screw compressors, apho ukwehla kwe-viscosity okubangelwa kukuxubana kwegesi okanye i-oxidation kunokubeka emngciphekweni ngoko nangoko ii-rotary okanye ii-thrust bearings. Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kwi-intanethi kusebenza njengenkqubo yesilumkiso kwangethuba, kuthintela ukusilela okubiza kakhulu kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi kwezityalo.
Itheyibhile: I-Lonnmeter (iTekhnoloji yeNtonga yokuVibrating yoBunini) Iinkcukacha zeViscometer ezikwi-Intanethi
| Uphawu/Imilinganiselo | Umgangatho oQhelekileyo woKusebenza | Inzuzo Yokusebenza Kulawulo Lweoyile Yepetroli |
| Uhlobo loLinganiso | Ukuqina okuguquguqukayo (Pa·s okanye cP) | Ibonelela ngomlinganiselo othe ngqo wokumelana nolwelo olufunekayo ukuze kuxutywe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kulawulwe i-pre-heater. |
| Ubushushu bokusebenza | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-180 °C | Ukulinganiswa okungaphazanyiswa phantsi kokucoca okugqithisileyo okanye iimeko zokufudumeza ngaphambi kokutsha okuphezulu. |
| Uxinzelelo Lokusebenza | Ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10,000 psi (700 bar) | Ivumela ukufakwa ngqo kwimigca yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphandle kokuguqulwa, nto leyo enciphisa ubunzima benkqubo. |
| Ukuqina kunye noyilo | Akukho Zinto Zishukumayo, Inzwa Enamandla Aphezulu (umz., Intsimbi Engagqwaliyo eyi-316L) | Ulondolozo oluncinci, ukungathintelwa kungcoliseko lomzimba, ukungcangcazela, kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuhamba kwamanzi. |
| Ukuphindaphinda | Igqwesile (umz., ) | Ibonelela ngegalelo elithembekileyo elibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezizilawulayo ezivaliweyo. |
| Isiphumo/Uqhagamshelo | I-4-20mA / Idijithali / Iplagi-and-Play yeHlabathi | Ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwizinto ezikhoyoinkqubo yolawulo lwe-viscosity yeoyile yepetroliiziseko zophuhliso. |
CELA INCWADI YOKUBONISANA: Lungiselela inkqubo yakho yokuxuba namhlanje.
