Ukulinganiswa koXinzelelo lweTartaric Acid kwiMveliso yeWayini
Wimveliso ye-ineithathwa njengomxube wobugcisa nesayensi.I-asidi yeTartaricyi-asidi eyintloko ye-organic efumaneka kwiidiliya, uphawu olwahlukileyo olubangela inxalenye enkulu (42.8–77%) yomxholo we-asidi iyonke ye-organic,eyona asidi yewayini inamandla kakhulu ngokusekelwe kwii-dissociation constants zayo (pKa).
Inkalo ebalulekileyoi-asidi ye-tartarickukuzinza kwayo; ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-asidi, ayiguquki kakhulu yimvubelo kwaye ayichaphazeleki lula kukonakala kwendalo ngexesha lewayini.-inkqubo yokwenza. Oku kuthetha ukubaukuxinana kwe-tartaric acid kwiwayiniluphawu oluthe ngqo lobukho bayo bokuqala kwiidiliya, oluncediswa zizo naziphi na izongezo ezilandelayo. Ke ngoko, umlinganiselo ochanekileyo ekuqaleniinkqubo yokuvelisa iwayiniakwanelanga; umngeni wokwenene usekulawuleni unxibelelwano lwalo olutshintshatshintshayo njengoko ulwelo lutshintsha ukusuka kwi-grape must ukuya kwiwayini egqityiweyo.
Indlela iTartaric Acid ebumba ngayo iProfayili yeSensory kunye noZinzo
Ubukho bei-asidi ye-tartaricinika iwayini uphawu olwahlukileyo, inegalelo kwincasa echazwa njengeqinileyo, ehlaziyayo, nekrwada. Nangona kunjalo,izibonelelo ze-tartaric acidIdlula kakhulu iimpawu ezilula zokuva. Yinto ebalulekileyo echaza i-pH yewayini, nto leyo elawula ukumelana kwayo nokonakala kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukuguga ixesha elide.
Impiloi-asidi ye-tartaricUmxholo ubangela i-pH ephantsi, nto leyo edala imeko-bume engenakuchukunyiswa ziintsholongwane eziyingozi. Olu qinano lwendalo lweentsholongwane lubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko luchaphazela ubungakanani obufunekayo be-sulfur dioxide (SO2).2) izongezo. Amaxabiso e-pH aphantsi afuna i-SO encinci2ukuzikhusela, inzuzo ebalulekileyo kubenzi bewayini abafuna ukunciphisa umxholo we-sulfite ukuthintela iincasa ezingafunekiyo kunye namavumba anokubangelwa kukongeza kakhulu.
OutiyezaUxinzelelo lweTartaric Acid olungahambelaniyo
Ukugqithisaukuxinana kwe-tartaric acid kwiwayinikunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kweetyuwa ezinganyibilikiyo, ikakhulu i-potassium bitartrate (KHT) kunye ne-calcium tartrate (CaT). Ezi zinto zinokujika, zenze iikristale ezihlala ezantsi kwebhotile okanye zinamathele kwi-cork. Nangona ezi kristale zingenabungozi kwaye zingayichaphazeli incasa yewayini, ubukho bazo bunokuba bungabonakalisi kubathengi, bunciphise umgangatho kunye nexabiso lemveliso.
Ukuphakamauxinaniso lwe-tartaric acidngaphezulu koluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-1500 ukuya kwi-4000 mg/L nako kunokubangela incasa engathandekiyo nemuncu kakhulu. Ukwakheka kweetartrate akusiyongxaki yobuhle nje kuphela; sisiphumo esithe ngqo sokungazinzi kweekhemikhali ekufuneka kulawulwe. Ibhalansi eyinkimbinkimbi, etshintsha rhoqo phakathii-asidi ye-tartarickunye nezinye ii-ion kulo lonkeinkqubo yokuvelisa iwayinikwenza kube nzima ukulawula ipharamitha ngeendlela zemveli zokulinganisa ezingaqhubekiyo.
Iindlela Zokulinganisa Zemveli kunye Neengxaki Zazo
Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyoukuxinana kwe-tartaric acid kwiwayinikudala ibe yinto ebalulekileyo, kodwa inzima, yokwenza iwayini. Ukunqongophala kweendlela ezikhoyo kubonisa imfuneko ecacileyo yesisombululo esitsha sobuchwepheshe esinokubonelela ngedatha ethembekileyo neyangoku, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhoyo kweenkqubo zesandla okanye ezinye iindlela.
Ukunikezelwa kweNcwadi okuNgaqhubekiyo nokuSebenza ngokuBanzi
Eyona ndlela yendabuko ixhaphakileyo yokuvavanya ubumuncu, kunye nokwandisai-asidi ye-tartaric, yi-titration eyenziwe ngesandla okanye ezenzekelayo.MUkuphakama kwesisu esiswini (anual titration) yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elininzi nefuna umsebenzi omninzi.TheIndlela esekelwe kwi-batch yenza ukuba ingafanelekanga ngokupheleleyo ukujonga rhoqo iinkqubo eziguqukayo ezifana nokubilisa. Ukuze kufumaneke iziphumo ezichanekileyo neziphindaphindwayo, le ndlela ifuna ingcali enobuchule. Ubuthathaka obuphambili bale ndlela kukuxhomekeka kwayo kugwebo olusekelwe kwimbono yomntu.
Isiphelo se-titration sidla ngokuxhomekeka kutshintsho lombala obonakalayo, umzekelo, ukutshintshela kwi-pink hue ene-phenolphthalein. Oku kuxhomekeka kokubonakalayo kunokubangela iimpazamo zomsebenzisi, apho abantu abahlukeneyo banokubiza isiphelo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezingahambelaniyo.
ImidaImilinganiselo Engathanga Ngqo
Abenzi bewayini badla ngokusebenzisa i-pH njenge-proxy ye-asidi, kodwa ayisiyo indlela ethe ngqo yokulinganisauxinaniso lwe-tartaric acid. I-pH ilinganisa amandla e-asidi ngokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwee-ion ze-hydrogen zasimahla (H+) kwisisombululo, ngelixa i-titratable acidity (TA) ilinganisa isixa siphela se-asidi edityanisiweyo ne-undissociated. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi metrics zimbini abusoloko bulula, njengoko umlinganiselo wee-asidi ezahlukeneyo—ezifana ne-malic acid kunyei-asidi ye-tartaric—inokutshintsha, ichaphazele i-pH ngaphandle kotshintsho oluhambelanayo kwi-TA.
Ingongoma ebalulekileyo egxininisa ukungalingani kwezi zilinganiso kukuba i-pH yejusi ayibonisi ngokucacileyo ukuba ingakanani i-pH yewayini. Ukuna kwe-KHT, inkqubo eyenzeka emva kokuba kuqalile ukubila, kubangela utshintsho olungalindelekanga nolubalulekileyo kwi-pH. Oku kuthetha ukuba umenzi wewayini akanakwenza nje uvavanyo lwebhentshi yokubila ngaphambi kokubila aze alindele ukuba iziphumo zibambeke kulo lonke ixesha.umgca wokuvelisa iwayiniOku kubashiya benokukhetha okunzima: ukungabi na-asidi eyaneleyo kunye nokubeka emngciphekweni ukonakala kweentsholongwane, okanye ukungabi na-asidi eyaneleyo kunye nokubeka emngciphekweni imveliso yokugqibela eneempawu ezimbi zokuva. Oku kungazinzi okuguquguqukayo, okungenakwenzeka ukulandelwa ngovavanyo olunye lwebhetshi, kubonisa umsantsa omkhulu kubuchule bokulinganisa bendabuko.
Ngaba unemibuzo malunga nokwenza ngcono iinkqubo zemveliso?
Isisombululo Esiphambili Sokulinganisa Okusemgceni
Imitha yokulinganisa i-ultrasonic yeLonnmeter imele inyathelo elikhulu lobuchwepheshe eliya phambili, inika isisombululo esichanekileyo nesiqinileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezinzima zanamhlanje.umgca wokuvelisa iwayini.
Ukuvala Umsantsa: Ukuchaneka Nokuthembeka Ngexesha Langempela
I-Lonnmeter tartaric acid concentration sensor yi-ultrasonic concentration meter eyenzelwe ukulinganisa okucwangcisiweyo, okuqhubekayo, kunye nokungonakalisiyo. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela ezisabelayo, ezisekelwe kwi-batch zesampulu ngesandla, inika idatha ekhawulezileyo, ivumela abenzi bewayini ukuba balandele kwaye baphendule kutshintsho olutshintshayo njengoko lusenzeka. Olu buchule lungaphezulu nje kokufumana ukusebenza kakuhle; lumele utshintsho olusisiseko lweparadigm. Idatha eqhubekayo, yexesha langempela inokufakwa kwinkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo, ivumela inkqubo evaliweyo apho ukongezwa kwe-asidi okanye ezinye iiparameter zilungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusekelwe kwimpendulo echanekileyo. Oku kuguqula inkqubo yokwenza iwayini ukusuka kwenye yokusabela kwiingxaki ukuya kwenye yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo.
I-Physics esisiseko yoMlinganiselo woXinzelelo lwe-Ultrasonic
Uxinaniso lwe-Lonnmeter tartaric acidmi-eterisebenza ngomgaqo osisiseko wendalo wokulinganisa isantya sezandi njengoko sisasazeka ngesixhobo solwelo. I-sensor yenziwe yi-transmitter kunye ne-receiver ezibekwe kumgama omiselweyo, owaziwayo ukusuka komnye nomnye (d). Ngokulinganisa ixesha elichanekileyo elithathwayo ukuze isignali ye-ultrasonic ihambe ukusuka kwi-transmitter ukuya kwi-receiver (t), isantya sesandi (v) singabalwa kusetyenziswa ifomula elula: v=d/t.
Ipropati ebonakalayo esisiseko eyenza le ndlela yokulinganisa iphumelele kukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo phakathiukuxinana kwe-tartaric acid kwiwayinikunye nesantya sesandi solwelo. Isantya sezandi kulwelo sichatshazelwa ziimpawu zalo zomzimba, ngakumbi uxinano lwalo kunye ne-bulk modulus. Xa into eqinileyo, efanai-asidi ye-tartaric, inyibilika kulwelo, itshintsha ezi mpawu, idala ulwalamano oluthe ngqo nolunokulinganiswa phakathi koxinzelelo kunye nesantya sesandi.
Inkalo ebalulekileyo yale ndlela kukufuneka kokulungiswa kobushushu. Isantya sesandi sikwanobuthathaka kakhulu kubushushu; utshintsho lwe-1°C kuphela lunokubangela utshintsho olukhulu kwisantya. Ukuze koyiswe oku, uxinzelelo lwe-Lonnmeter tartaric acidimithaIxhotyiswe ngesixhobo sokuvavanya ubushushu bangaphakathi esiqinileyo esilinganisa ubushushu bolwelo ngaxeshanye nesantya sesandi. Inkqubo emva koko isebenzisa olu luhlu lwedatha oluphindwe kabini ukulungisa iziphumo zobushushu, yahlula i-concentration variable kwaye iqinisekisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo kakhulu.inumgcaukugxilaimithaUkubonelela ngeziphumo ezininzi ngaxeshanye—uxinzelelo, isantya sesandi, kunye nobushushu—luphawu oluphambili kule nkqubo yokulungisa entsonkothileyo.
Ukumelana Nezinto Ezixhaphakileyo Zokwenza Iwayini
Uyilo lwe-sensor oluqinileyo noluvaliweyo lweLonnmeter lubonelela ngokuqina okuqhelekileyo kwiimeko ezizodwa nezihlala zinengxaki kwindawo yokwenza iwayini. Esi sixhobo senzelwe ngokucacileyo ukuba singachaphazeleki kukungcangcazela, ingxolo, ukuhamba kwamanzi, umbala, igwebu, okanye izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo.
Ukuguquka kombala kunye nokuthamba:Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zokulinganisa ezibonakalayo okanye ezinombala, ezichaphazeleka kukungacaci kakuhle kunye nokutshintsha kombala we-grape must kunye newayini ebomvu, umgaqo we-acoustic weLonnmeter usebenza ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Oku kusombulula ngokuthe ngqo ingxaki ekudala ikho kushishino.
Igwebu kunye negesi:Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubilisa, kukho ubungakanani obukhulu be-foam kunye ne-carbon dioxide enyibilikisiweyo (CO2), nto leyo enokuphazamisa ezinye iintlobo ze-sensor, ezifana neemitha zokuhamba kobunzima. Itekhnoloji ye-Lonnmeter eyilwe ngokukodwa ukubonelela ngemilinganiselo ethembekileyo nakwiimeko ze-foam ezinomoya ophezulu.
Izinto eziqinileyo eziXhotyisiweyo kunye nokuKhula:Imitha yokulinganisa utywala yaseLonnmeter ayinazo iindawo ezihambayo kwaye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuyenza imelane kakhulu nokukrazuka okuvela kwizinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kunye nokuqokelelana okuvela ekulinganiseni, ezi ziingxaki eziqhelekileyo ekwenzeni iwayini ezichaphazela ezinye iiteknoloji. Isiphumo kukuncipha okukhulu kweendleko zokugcina kunye nokuchaneka kokulinganisa okuqhubekekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Iingenelo Zokusebenza Nezoqoqosho Kuyo Yonke Inkqubo Yokuvelisa Iwayini
Ukuhlanganiswa kwesixhobo sokuvavanya i-asidi yeLonnmeter kumgca wokuvelisa iwayini akusiyondlela yokuphucula nje kuphela, kodwa lutyalo-mali oluneenjongo ezinkulu zokusebenza kunye nezoqoqosho.
| Iqonga lokwenza iwayini | Inzuzo yokusebenza | Inzuzo yezoqoqosho | Inzuzo yoMgangatho |
| Ukucubungula iJusi yeediliya | Isusa uqikelelo kwi-acidity; inika idatha yokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo | Iindleko zeekhemikhali ezincitshisiweyo; ilahleko yemveliso encitshisiweyo ngenxa yokonakala | Iprofayili yeemvakalelo ephuculweyo; uzinzo oluqinisekisiweyo lweentsholongwane |
| Ukubilisa | Ivumela ukujonga rhoqo utshintsho olutshintshayo lweekhemikhali | Inciphisa isidingo sokongezwa kweekhemikhali ezikwinqanaba lokugqibela | Igcina incasa yendalo kunye nevumba; ithintela ukubila okungavuthwanga |
| Ukwaluphala kunye nokuzinza kweTartrate | Iphucula ixesha lokuzinzisa ubanda; iqinisekisa ukuna kwemvula ngokupheleleyo | Ukonga amandla okubonakalayo; ukunciphisa abasebenzi | Ithintela i-oxidation kunye nokulahleka kwevumba; iqinisekisa uzinzo lokubona |
| Ukudibanisa kunye nokufaka iibhotile kwangaphambili | Uqinisekisa ukuhambelana phakathi kweendawo; kwenza kube lula ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo | Ukuncipha kokulahleka kwemveliso kwiibhetshi ezingezizo iinkcukacha ezithile | Uzinzo lokugqibela lwemveliso oluqinisekisiweyo ebhotileni |
I-Lonnmeter acid concentration sensor yindlela yotyalo-mali enobuchule enika imbuyekezo ecacileyo nebonakalayo kutyalo-mali. Ngokunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokusebenzisa uzinzo olucokisekileyo lobushushu, kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwemveliso ngenxa yokonakala kunye ne-acidity egqithisileyo, ubuchwepheshe buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wemveliso yewayini. Uyilo lwayo olungeyonyukliya, olungenazo iinxalenye ezishukumayo kunye neemfuno eziphantsi zokugcinwa nazo zinegalelo kwixabiso eliphantsi lobunini bayo kulo lonke ixesha layo lokuphila.
Yahlukile kwiiteknoloji zemveli kunye nezinye ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo rhoqo, okuhamba ngqo kunye nokumelana kwayo neempawu ezikhethekileyo zewayini, ezifana nombala wayo, ukufuma, kunye nomxholo wefoam. Amandla ayo onxibelelwano lwedijithali, kuquka iModbus kunye neProfibus, avumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwindawo yanamhlanje, "yewayini ekrelekrele".
Ukutshintshela kwimodeli eqhutywa yidatha, enikwe amandla yi-sensor efana ne-Lonnmeter acid concentration meter, akupheleli nje ekusebenzeni kakuhle; linyathelo elicwangcisiweyo lokunciphisa umngcipheko, ukhuseleko lophawu, kunye nenzuzo yokukhuphisana kwimarike yehlabathi enzima. Qhagamshelana nathi ngoku ukuze uphucule imigca yakho yokuvelisa iwayini.
