Ukulinganiswa koXinzelelo lweShukela kwiMveliso yeYogurt
Ukuqonda okucwangcisiweyo kweumgca wemveliso yeyogathiKubalulekile ekuchongeni iindawo ezinempembelelo kakhulu ekulinganiseni ngokuchanekileyo. Le nkqubo yindlela edibeneyo yokutshintsha kwezinto ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neempendulo zezinto eziphilayo, apho utshintsho oluncinci kuyo nayiphi na inqanaba lunokungena luze lube kukungangqinelani okukhulu kwemveliso yokugqibela. Olu hlalutyo luhlalutya olu luhlu lwexabiso oluntsonkothileyo ukuze lubonise injongo echanekileyo kunye nexesha elibalulekileyoumlinganiselo woxinzelelo lweswekilekwinqanaba ngalinye.
The Modu-ernYogurt Proi-ductionI-Prii-ocess
Ukuxuba kunye nokuMisela izithako zokuqala
Eli linqanaba elisisiseko apho ubisi oluluhlaza, iipowder zobisi, kunye neesweeteners ezingamanzi zixutywa ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neenjongo ezithile zomxube. Umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela uxhomekeke kolu mgangatho wokuqala. Injongo ephambili apha kukumisela indawo yokuqala echanekileyo nezinzileyo yebhetshi yonke yemveliso, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwazo zonke iiswekile ezinokubila, kuquka i-lactose kunye nazo naziphi na iisweeteners ezongeziweyo, zilawulwa ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuyimfuneko yeenkqubo eziqikelelweyo ze-downstream kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwebhetshi ukuya kwibhetshi. Izinto eziluhlaza zeyogathi zifuna imigangatho yomgangatho ophezulu, njengezinto eziqinileyo zobisi ezingadluli kwi-11.2%. Umxholo weswekile luphawu lomgangatho weemvakalelo kwiziselo zobisi, ngokubanzi lulinganiswa njengepesenti yezinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikayo (°Brix).
Ukuchaneka kwale ndlela yokulinganisa yokuqala kunefuthe elibi kuyo yonke inkqubo. Impazamo encinci ekuxinaniseni iswekile yokuqala inokukhokelela kwiinguqu ezibalulekileyo nezingalindelekanga kwi-kinetics yokubilisa. Umsebenzi we-metabolic weI-Streptococcus thermophiluskwayeI-Lactobacillus bulgaricusIinkcubeko zichatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo kukufumaneka kwe-substrate yazo yeswekile, nto leyo echaphazela izinga lokuhla kwe-pH kunye nencasa yokugqibela, ivumba, kunye nokuhambelana kweyogathi. Ukuchaneka kokuqala akupheleli nje ekuhlangabezaneni nemimiselo ethile; kumalunga nokumisela impendulo yebhayoloji eqikelelweyo, eyona nto iphambili kulawulo lomgangatho kwiimveliso ezibilisiweyo.
Unyango oluSisiseko ngaphambi kokuBilisa (Ukufakelwa kweHomogenization kunye nePasteurization)
Emva kokulungiswa, isiseko sobisi siyalungiswa ukuze kuthintelwe ukwahlukana kwamafutha kwaye sifakwe iiproteni ezingafunekiyo kwaye kuthintelwe iintsholongwane ezingafunekiyo. Ukulinganisa kweli nqanaba kusebenza njengoqinisekiso lokugqibela lokwakheka kwesiseko sobisi ngaphambi kokuba iinkcubeko zokuqala zigonywe. Iimeko eziqatha zifuna isenzi esinamandla nesimelana nobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nomxholo womoya onokubakho.
Ukuqina sisixhobo sokulinganisa umgangatho esingenakuxoxiswana ngaso kwisenzi kweli nqanaba. Iisenzi zemveli ze-optical okanye ze-gravimetric ziya kusilela kule meko inzima. IiRefractometers zichaphazeleka kukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu kunye nokuxinana okuphezulu kobisi olufana nolwe-homogenized.inzwa ye-ultrasonicnangona kunjalo, ingakwazi ukumelana nala maqondo obushushu (ukuya kuthi ga200°C) kwaye ayichaphazeleki kumbala, ukungabonakali, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-foam oluphawula isiseko seyogathi. Oku akuphucuki kancinci; bubuchule obuphambili obenza ukuba ukulinganisa okusemgceni kube nokwenzeka kweli nqanaba libalulekileyo lenkqubo.
Emva kokuBilisa kunye nokuNcasa
Emva kokubilisa, iyogathi iyapholiswa ukuze kumiswe ukuveliswa kweasidi. Eli linqanaba apho iincasa, iziqhamo, kunye nezinto eziswiti zongezwa kwisiseko esityebileyo ngoku. Eli linqaku eliphambili lokugqibelaumlinganiselo woxinzelelo lweswekile, edibene ngqo neprofayili yokugqibela yeemvakalelo. Injongo yokulinganisa kukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso egqityiweyo iyahlangabezana nencasa, amabango esondlo, kunye neemfuno zokulebhelisha ukuze kube mnandi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukongezwa kweswekile yinto ephambili ekumiseleni incasa yokugqibela, ivumba, umbala, kunye nobukhulu beyogathi. Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba ukwanda koxinzelelo lweswekile kunciphisa incasa emuncu kwaye kuchaphazele incasa kunye nevumba lemveliso yokugqibela.
Ukulinganisa kweli nqanaba kunokuba sisixhobo sokwakha uphawu. Umxholo wokugqibela weswekile awungomanani nje kwiphepha leenkcukacha; luphawu olubalulekileyo olujongene nomthengi. Kwishishini apho abathengi bexhalabele ngakumbi umxholo weswekile, ulawulo oluchanekileyo luyinto eyahlulayo kukhuphiswano. Ngokufikelela ngokuchanekileyo kwinqanaba lobumnandi ekujoliswe kulo, umvelisi unokuqinisekisa iprofayili yencasa ehambelanayo, elindelekileyo yophawu lwakhe, ukunciphisa izikhalazo zabathengi kunye nokuqinisa ukuthembeka kophawu. Ukukwazi ukwenza uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo, ngexesha langempela kweli nqanaba, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kulungiso lweebhetshi, yindlela ethe ngqo yobunkokeli obusemgangathweni.
Ukuzalisa/Ukupakishwa kwangaphambili
Eli lisango lokugqibela lomgangatho ngaphambi kokuba imveliso ivalwe kwaye ithunyelwe. Lithuba lokugqibela lokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso. Injongo kukwenza uvavanyo lokugqibela noluqinisekileyo lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba isikhongozeli ngasinye siyahlangabezana neemfuno ezifunekayo zombini iprofayili yencasa kunye nokuthobela imithetho.
Olu vavanyo lokugqibela lutshintsha indlela yokusebenza ukusuka kwinkqubo yokusabela, yokulungisa ukuya kweyokuthintela. Akungokulungisa inkqubo kodwa kungaphezulu kokuqinisekisa. Ngokuba noqinisekiso oluqhubekayo nolokugqibela, umvelisi unokuchonga ngokukhawuleza aze avalele nayiphi na imveliso engacwangciswanga ngaphambi kokuba ifike kwimarike, ngaloo ndlela enciphisa umngcipheko wokurhoxiswa okubizayo, umonakalo wodumo, kunye nemiba yenkonzo yabathengi. Ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwe-in-line ultrasonic sensor libalulekile apha, njengoko linokusetyenziswa ukulawula i-diverter valve ukuze ivale ngokuzenzekelayo imveliso engathobeliyo.
Ngaba unemibuzo malunga nokwenza ngcono iinkqubo zemveliso?
Itheyibhile 1 inika imephu ecacileyo, ekhawulezileyo yeenjineli zeenkqubo kunye nabaphathi, ichonga iindawo zolawulo eziphambili, injongo yazo, kunye neenkcukacha ezifunekayo. Isebenza njengesakhelo esibonakalayo sengxoxo yonke yesicwangciso, ibonisa ukuqonda okunzulu kweinkqubo yokuvelisa iyogathi yorhwebo.
Itheyibhile 1: Amanqanaba okulinganisa abalulekileyo kunye neenjongo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-yoghurt
| Iqonga | Injongo Eyintloko | Iiparameters eziphambili | Ukuchaneka Okufunekayo |
| Ukuxuba kunye nokuMisela izithako zokuqala | Misela indawo yokuqala ezinzileyo; qinisekisa ukuba izinto ziyafana. | Uxinzelelo lweShukela (°Brix), Uxinzelelo lweLactose, Ubushushu. | ± 0.01 Brix (okanye ngaphezulu) |
| Unyango oluSisiseko ngaphambi kokuBilisa | Ukuqinisekiswa kokugqibela komxube ngaphambi kokugonywa; qinisekisa ukunyamezela iimeko ezinzima. | Uxinzelelo lweswekile (°Brix), Ubushushu, Uxinano. | ± 0.05 Brix |
| Emva kokuBilisa kunye nokuNcasa | Lawula iprofayili yokugqibela yeemvakalelo; qinisekisa ukuba iyathotyelwa imiqathango yokubhala ilebheli. | Uxinzelelo lweShukela lokugqibela (°Brix), i-Asidi (pH). | ± 0.05 Brix |
| Ukuzalisa/Ukupakishwa kwangaphambili | Uvavanyo lokugqibela lokuqinisekisa umgangatho; ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhunjulwa kunye nodumo lwebhrendi. | Uxinzelelo lweSwekile lokugqibela (°Brix), ukuxinana. | ± 0.05 Brix |
Inzuzo ye-Ultrasonic: Ukuntywila okuNzulu koBugcisa
Eli candelo lichaza isizathu sokuba iteknoloji ye-ultrasonic ingabi yindlela enye nje, kodwa isisisombululo esingcono kwimeko enzima yokuvelisa i-yogurt.
Imigaqo yokulinganisa i-Ultrasonic
Umgaqo oyintloko wokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-ultrasonic lulwalamano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwesantya sesandi kwi-medium kunye neempawu zaso zomzimba, ezinje ngoxinzelelo kunye noxinano. I-sensor ikhupha amaza e-ultrasound, ilinganise ixesha elithathwayo ukuhamba umgama omiselweyo ukuya kwi-receiver, kwaye ibale isantya sesandi isebenzisa le fomyula:
v=d/t. Esi santya sesandi sinxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo lwezinto eziqinileyo ezinyibilikisiweyo.Imitha yoXinzelelo lwe-UltrasonicUmzekelo, isebenza ngokwale migaqo kwaye inemilinganiselo echanekileyo yokulinganisa ukusuka kwi-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.1%.
Uhlalutyo oluQhathaniswayo lweeTekhnoloji zokulinganisa
Kwindlela entsonkothileyo efana neyogathi, iitekhnoloji zokulinganisa zemveli zinemida ebalulekileyo. Uthelekiso oluhambelanayo lubonisa ukuba indlela ye-ultrasonic ingcono kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe.
IiRefractometers:Ezi zixhobo zixhomekeke kwi-refractive index yokukhanya. Ubuthathaka bazo obuphambili kwimveliso yeyogathi kukuba zinobuthathaka kwi-turbidity, umbala, kunye namasuntswana axhonyiweyo, zonke ezi ziimpawu zolwelo. Ngokusisiseko ziyiteknoloji ye-optical, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zingafaneleki kwi-opaque media.
Iimitha zoxinano:Ezi zixhobo zilinganisa uxinano ukuze ziqikelele uxinano. Nangona ziluncedo, zinokuchaphazeleka kakubi kuxinano oluphezulu lwefoam okanye umoya ongaphakathi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimpazamo zokulinganisa.
I-Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy:Nangona ikhawuleza kwaye iluncedo kuhlalutyo lweswekile, i-NIR inokuba nzima kwaye inokufuna isampuli ecocekileyo, ukulinganiswa okubanzi, kunye nohlalutyo lwe-multi-variate.
Umahluko ophambili kukuba ii-refractometers kunye neemitha zoxinano zilinganisa iipropati ezahlukeneyo zomzimba (i-refractive index kunye ne-density, ngokulandelelana) ukuze zigqibezele ixabiso elifanayo (°Brix). Oku kubangela ukuba zivelise iziphumo ezahlukeneyo kwisampulu efanayo yezakhi ezininzi. Oku akungomahluko omncinci wobuchwephesha; yingxaki esisiseko yokungacaci kunye nokungangqinelani. I-sensor ye-ultrasonic, eyimilinganiselo enye, ekwi-line, isusa oku kungacaci. Ibonelela ngomthombo omnye, ohambelanayo, nothembekileyo wenyaniso, ngaloo ndlela yenza kube lula ukulawula umgangatho kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthelekiswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo okanye imigca yemveliso. Oku kususa ulawulo lomgangatho kwinkqubo exhomekeke kwizixhobo ukuya kwinkqubo enye, enenjongo, necacileyo.
Itheyibhile 2 inika uthelekiso olupheleleyo lwezi teknoloji.
Itheyibhile 2: Uthelekiso lweTekhnoloji yokulinganisa uXinzelelo olusemgceni
| Ubuchwepheshe | Ukuchaneka | Ukungakhuseleki kwi-Turbidity/Colour | Ukungakhuseleki kwiFoam | Ukuqina kwe-CIP/SIP | Ulondolozo | Ubunzima bokuLungisa |
| i-ultrasonic | Phezulu (±0.01% yoluhlu) | Phezulu (akuchaphazeleki) | Phezulu (akuchaphazeleki) | Ephakamileyo (eyakhelwe ngenjongo) | Iphantsi kakhulu (akukho zinxalenye zishukumayo) | Phakathi (kunye ne-ML) |
| I-Refractometer | Phezulu (kwizinto ezicacileyo) | Iphantsi (ayinakusetyenziswa kwiincindi ezingacacanga) | Phakathi | Phakathi (iprism inokungcola) | Phakathi (ukucoca/ukuphinda kubekwe u-zero) | Iphantsi (kwi-sucrose ecocekileyo) |
| Imitha yoxinano | Phezulu | Phezulu (akuchaphazeleki) | Iphantsi (ichaphazeleka ngumoya) | Phakathi (isivamvo sisenokungcolisa) | Phakathi (ukucoca/ukuphinda kubekwe u-zero) | Iphantsi (kwi-sucrose ecocekileyo) |
| I-NIR Spectroscopy | Phezulu | Iphantsi (inokuba novakalelo) | Phakathi | Iphantsi | Umlinganiselo ophezulu (onzima) | Phezulu (i-multi-variate) |
Funda Ngakumbi ngeeMetha zoBuxinano
Iimitha zeNkqubo ezingakumbi kwi-Intanethi
Ukoyisa Imingeni Yokusingqongileyo
Ishishini lobisi lelinye lawona mazwe anzima kakhulu kwiisensa zenkqubo ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo, kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zococeko. Isensa ngumzekelo ophambili wesisombululo esenzelwe ukoyisa le mingeni. Ayinambala, ukudumba, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwefoam kwaye inokusebenza kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-200°C kunye noxinzelelo olufikelela kwi-500 Bar. Oku kungaphezulu kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu afunekayo ukuze kutshintshwe i-pasteurization (90-95°C) kunye neenkqubo ze-CIP/SIP (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-130°C). Isensa ikwayilelwe ukuhambelana ne-CIP, ine-transducer ecocekileyo kunye nolwakhiwo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo.
Amandla e-sensor okumelana nemijikelo ye-CIP/SIP ngaphandle kokususwa ngesandla yinzuzo enkulu yokusebenza kunye neyemali. Isifundo se-sensor yenqanaba le-ultrasonic sibonisa indlela ukuzicoca, uyilo lococeko oluzisusa ngayo iimfuno zolondolozo kunye nokufundwa okungachanekanga okuvela ekuqhekekeni kunye ne-foam, okuthetha ngokuthe ngqo ekunciphiseni ixesha lokungasebenzi, iindleko eziphantsi zomsebenzi, kunye nokuthembeka okuphuculweyo kwenkqubo. I-sensor ayisiyonto nje yokulinganisa; sisixhobo esidityaniswe kwiinkqubo zokucoca nokulungisa zesityalo, esinegalelo ngqo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye ne-ROI.
Uhlalutyo Oluphambili kunye nokuZenzekelayo: Ukutyhala iMida yoLawulo lweNkqubo
Ixabiso lokwenyani le-sensor eqinileyo liyabonakala xa idatha yayo isetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo yisakhelo esikrelekrele sokuzenzekela. Eli candelo lichaza indlela idatha eluhlaza evela kwii-sensors ze-ultrasonic eguqulwa ngayo ibe yi-intelligence esebenzisekayo, ijongana nemingeni enzima kakhulu yohlalutyo lwezinto ezininzi kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezityalo.
Ubuchule bokuLungisa iiMatrices eziNgxamisekileyo
Iyogathi ayisosisombululo silula se-sucrose-emanzini. Yi-matrix entsonkothileyo ye-lactose, ii-sweeteners ezongeziweyo, iiproteni, kunye namafutha. Umlinganiselo omnye wesantya sesandi usenokunganelanga ukwahlula phakathi kwezi zinto. Uphando lubonisa ukuba umlinganiselo we-ultrasonic unokudityaniswa ne-algorithms yokufunda koomatshini ephucukileyo, njengePartial Least Squares (PLS) kunye neSupport Vector Machines (SVM), ukuqikelela uxinano kwi-component suspensions enzima, ene-multi-component. Oku kubonelela ngenzuzo enkulu yokhuphiswano kwimveliso yokutya. I-Multi-sensor fusion yenye icebo elinamandla lokuphucula ukuchaneka ngokudibanisa idatha evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo.
Umngeni wokwahlulwa kweswekile okunezakhi ezininzi awusombululeki yi-sensor yodwa, kodwa ngokudibanisa i-sensor kunye nohlalutyo oluphambili. I-sensor inika umlambo otyebileyo wedatha ephezulu, kwaye imodeli yokufunda komatshini, eqeqeshwe kwidatha yembali evela kwiiresiphi ezahlukeneyo zemveliso, ifunda ukudibanisa ngokuchanekileyo loo mjelo noxinzelelo lweswekile olufunekayo. Oku kubonisa utshintsho olusisiseko ukusuka kumlinganiselo olula olusekelwe kwifiziksi ukuya kwimodeli yokuqikelela enobuchule, eqhutywa yidatha. Olu buchule luguqula i-sensor ukusuka kwisixhobo esilula ukuya kwisixhobo "esikrelekrele" sohlalutyo esinokuphatha ubunzulu kunye nokuguquguquka kwemveliso yokutya yehlabathi lokwenyani.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-SCADA/DCS okungenamthungo
I-sensor ilungile kuphela xa ikwazi ukunxibelelana kwaye idibane nenkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi yesityalo. I-sensor ye-PS7020 ixhasa uluhlu olubanzi lweeprotokholi zonxibelelwano, kuquka i-RS485, i-Modbus, i-Profibus-DP, i-Bluetooth 5.3, kunye ne-dual 4-20mA outputs ene-HART. Iiprotokholi zonxibelelwano eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-HART kunye ne-Modbus zibalulekile ekudibaniseni izixhobo zasentsimini neenkqubo zokubeka esweni nokulawula. Iinkqubo zokufumana idatha ekhawulezayo (ii-DAQ) zibalulekile ekubekeni esweni nasekulawuleni ngexesha langempela, zibonelela nge-latency ephantsi kunye nokucutshungulwa kwedatha ekhawulezayo.
Ishishini lobisi lihlushwa "yidatha nolwazi olufihliweyo" oluthintela uhlalutyo olunentsingiselo. Ngokukhetha isenzi esinenkxaso yendalo kwiiprotokholi ezisemgangathweni zoshishino, i-dairy inokuphepha iiprojekthi zokudibanisa ezintsonkothileyo nezibizayo. Ukukwazi ukutsala kungekuphela nje ixabiso elinye loxinzelelo kodwa kunye neenguqu zesibini ezifana nesantya sesandi kunye nobushushu ngaphezu kweprotokholi yedijithali efana ne-HART okanye i-Modbus kubonelela ngedatha etyebileyo yohlalutyo oluphambili kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Oku kwenza lula uyilo lwenkqubo kwaye kubonelela ngombono omnye, odibeneyo wenkqubo, into ephambili "yokuvelisa ngobuchule".
Ukuphucula ukungqinelana kwemveliso kunye nexabiso lophawu
Umgangatho ohambelanayo sisiseko sokuthembeka kophawu. Inkqubo yokulinganisa ethembekileyo iqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ihlangabezana rhoqo nolindelo lwabathengi. Ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo ngexesha langempela kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono inkqubo, ukulawula umgangatho, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza. Incasa kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo ziphembelelwa ngokuthe ngqo kukuxinana kweswekile yokugqibela.
Ixabiso lokungaguquguquki lidlula ngaphaya kokuphepha izikhalazo zabathengi. Uphawu olwaziwa ngemveliso yalo ethembekileyo nesemgangathweni lunokuthenga ixabiso eliphezulu, lwandise isabelo salo semarike, kwaye lunciphise iindleko zokuthengisa. Inkqubo yokulinganisa ngexesha langempela ibonelela ngesiseko esiqhutywa yidatha solu hluko lomgangatho. Ivumela utshintsho ukusuka kwimodeli yokuqinisekisa umgangatho ophendulayo, olungisayo ukuya kweyokwakha uphawu olusebenzayo.
Ukonga iindleko zoLondolozo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koLondolozo
Uyilo oluqinileyo lwee-sensors ze-ultrasonic luthetha iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza kwexesha elide. Iimpawu zokuzilungisa nokuzicoca zee-sensors ze-ultrasonic eziphambili zisusa ukufundwa okungekho ngqiqweni kunye neengxaki zokugcinwa ezichaphazela ezinye iinkqubo. Oku kunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi kunye neendleko zabasebenzi, njengoko kubonisiwe kwisifundo setyala apho indawo yobisi ifumene ukuthembeka okuphuculweyo kwenkqubo kunye nexesha lokungasebenzi elinciphileyo. Ukungabikho kwezixhobo ezihambayo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwenza kube sisisombululo esimiselweyo-uze-ulibele-it-and-forget-it-it, kukhulula ixesha elixabisekileyo lobunjineli kunye nokugcinwa. Ixabiso lilonke lobunini (TCO) kwinkqubo ye-ultrasonic eqinileyo liphantsi kakhulu kuneenkqubo zemveli ezifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo, ukuhlaziywa kwakhona, okanye ezinobomi obufutshane kwiindawo ezinzima.
I-ultrasonic ekwi-intanethiumlinganiselo woxinzelelo lweswekileimele inyathelo elikhulu kulawulo lwenkqubo kwishishini lobisi, ukusuka ekuxhomekekeni kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, ezenziwe ngesandla, nezingenakuthenjwa ukuya kwimodeli esebenzayo, eqhutywa yidatha, nenenzuzo enkulu.Coi-ntact Li-onmi-eter kunye ne-stubugcisa wenai-rpi-rocess oi-ptimizati-ion.
